Flood Defence (Isfd '2002)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Human Threat to River Ecosystems at the Watershed Scale: an Ecological Security Assessment of the Songhua River Basin, Northeast China
water Article The Human Threat to River Ecosystems at the Watershed Scale: An Ecological Security Assessment of the Songhua River Basin, Northeast China Yuan Shen 1,2, Huiming Cao 1, Mingfang Tang 1 and Hongbing Deng 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (H.C.); [email protected] (M.T.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6284-9112 Academic Editor: Sharon B. Megdal Received: 6 December 2016; Accepted: 13 March 2017; Published: 16 March 2017 Abstract: Human disturbances impact river basins by reducing the quality of, and services provided by, aquatic ecosystems. Conducting quantitative assessments of ecological security at the watershed scale is important for enhancing the water quality of river basins and promoting environmental management. In this study, China’s Songhua River Basin was divided into 204 assessment units by combining watershed and administrative boundaries. Ten human threat factors were identified based on their significant influence on the river ecosystem. A modified ecological threat index was used to synthetically evaluate the ecological security, where frequency was weighted by flow length from the grids to the main rivers, while severity was weighted by the potential hazard of the factors on variables of river ecosystem integrity. The results showed that individual factors related to urbanization, agricultural development and facility construction presented different spatial distribution characteristics. At the center of the plain area, the provincial capital cities posed the highest level of threat, as did the municipal districts of prefecture-level cities. -
Detection of Sensitive Soil Properties Related to Non-Point Phosphorus
Ecological Indicators 60 (2016) 483–494 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Indicators j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolind Detection of sensitive soil properties related to non-point phosphorus pollution by integrated models of SEDD and PLOAD a,b,∗ c a a,d Chen Lin , Zhipeng Wu , Ronghua Ma , Zhihu Su a Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China b State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China c School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China d College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province 321004, China a r a t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c t Article history: Effectively identifying soil properties in relation to non-point source (NPS) phosphorus pollution is impor- Received 2 March 2015 tant for NPS pollution management. Previous studies have focused on particulate P loads in relation to Received in revised form 7 July 2015 agricultural non-point source pollution. In areas undergoing rapid urbanization, dissolved P loads may be Accepted 26 July 2015 important with respect to conditions of surface infiltration and rainfall runoff. The present study devel- oped an integrated model for the analysis of both dissolved P and particulate P loads, applied to the Keywords: 2 Meiliang Bay watershed, Taihu Lake, China. The results showed that NPS P loads up to 15 kg/km were Non-point source pollution 2 present, with particulate P loads up to 13 kg/km . -
Water Pollution and Health Impact in China: a Mini Review Wen-Qing Lu*, Shao-Hua Xie, Wen-Shan Zhou, Shao-Hui Zhang, Ai-Lin Liu
Open Environmental Sciences, 2008, 2, 1-5 1 Open Access Water Pollution and Health Impact in China: A Mini Review Wen-Qing Lu*, Shao-Hua Xie, Wen-Shan Zhou, Shao-Hui Zhang, Ai-Lin Liu Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China Abstract: For the last 20-odd years in China, an economic boom has resulted in severe environmental pollution; water pollution, particularly, is of great concern. It has been reported that pollution in China’s overall surface water is rated me- dium. The water quality of groundwater, lakes and reservoirs has deteriorated. Consequently, such a general distribution of water pollution has posed a grave threat to public health in China. The health impact of water pollution has been docu- mented in the last several decades; these documents are reviewed in this paper on several outstanding aspects, including chronic mercurialism, arsenism, cancers related to microcystins, health problems caused by organic pollutants and water pollution accidents as well. Indubitably, water pollution and its health impact remain enormous challenges in China. Keywords: Water pollution, health impact, public health. In the last 20-odd years, there has been a boom in eco- induced water shortage have been the two biggest factors nomic development in China. However, a side effect that has restricting sustainable development in China. resulted in is the increased severity of environmental pollu- Water Pollution tion. Water pollution, especially, poses a grave threat to pub- lic health. The security of drinking water is not satisfactory. -
The World Bank
Uocument of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 11040-A STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized CHINA CHANGCCUNWATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALPROJECT DECEMBER30, 1992 Public Disclosure Authorized MITCOFICHE COPY heport No.:11040-CHA Type: (OAR) Titie: CHANGCHUN WATER SUIPPLY AND) ENV Autthor: PIETVELD, C Ext.:82924 Room:F8059 Dept.:ASTIN Environment, %uman Resources and Urban Development Operations Division Country Department II Public Disclosure Authorized East Asia and Pacific Regional Office This docunent hs a resMtded distibuto and may be uad by ripiens only in the perfonmnce of their offid dutie Its contens may not otheise be dbcosed without Word Bank autoization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of June 1992) CurrencyName = Renminbi(RMB) Currency Unit = Yuan (Y) $1.00 =Y 5.48 Y 1.00 = $0.18 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 millimeter(mm) = 0.0939 Inches (in) 1 meter (m) = 3.2808 feet (ft) I squaremeter (m: 2) = 10.7639square feet (ft) I cubicmeter (ml) = 35.3 cubicfeet 1 hectare(ha) = 10,000square meters 1 kilometer(Iam) = 0.62 miles(mi) 1 squarekilometer (1an) = 0.3861square mile (mtn) ACRONYNS AND ABBREVIATIONS CIDA CanadianInternational Development Agency CMC ChinaNational Machinery Import and ExportCorporation CSC ChangchunSewerage Company CWSC ChangchunWater Supply Company CWRC CbangchunWater Resources Company EPB EnvironmentalProtecion Buream HLLG High-LevelLeadership Group lcd Litersper capitaper day MOC Ministryof Construction MOWC Ministryof WaterConservancy NEPA NationalEnviromnental Protection -
The People's Liberation Army's 37 Academic Institutions the People's
The People’s Liberation Army’s 37 Academic Institutions Kenneth Allen • Mingzhi Chen Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN: 9798635621417 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 Design by Heisey-Grove Design All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI Twitter: https://twitter.com/CASI_Research | @CASI_Research Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal, academic, or governmental use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete however, it is requested that reproductions credit the author and China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI). -
Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths
Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths August 2019 The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH a non-profit, federally owned enterprise, implementing international cooperation projects and measures in the field of sustainable development on behalf of the German Government, as well as other national and international clients. The German Energy Transition Expertise for China Project, which is funded and commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), supports the sustainable development of the Chinese energy sector by transferring knowledge and experiences of German energy transition (Energiewende) experts to its partner organisation in China: the China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC), a Chinese think tank for advising the National Energy Administration (NEA) on renewable energy policies and the general process of energy transition. CNREC is a part of Energy Research Institute (ERI) of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Contact: Anders Hove Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH China Tayuan Diplomatic Office Building 1-15-1 No. 14, Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100600 PRC [email protected] www.giz.de/china Table of Contents Executive summary 1 1. The Three Norths region features high water-stress, high coal use, and abundant grasslands 3 1.1 The Three Norths is China’s main base for coal production, coal power and coal chemicals 3 1.2 The Three Norths faces high water stress 6 1.3 Water consumption of the coal industry and irrigation of grassland relatively low 7 1.4 Grassland area and productivity showed several trends during 1980-2015 9 2. -
Quantifying Contributions of Climate Change and Local Human Activities to Runoff Decline in the Second Songhua River Basin
water Article Quantifying Contributions of Climate Change and Local Human Activities to Runoff Decline in the Second Songhua River Basin Bao Shanshan 1 , Yang Wei 1, Wang Xiaojun 2,3 and Li Hongyan 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (Y.W.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; [email protected] 3 Research Center for Climate Change, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing 210029, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-137-5625-7761 Received: 29 July 2020; Accepted: 15 September 2020; Published: 23 September 2020 Abstract: In the past several decades, climate change and human activities have influenced hydrological processes, and potentially caused more frequent and extensive flood and drought risks. Therefore, identification and quantification of the driving factors of runoff variation have become a hot research area. This paper used the trend analysis method to show that runoff had a significant downward trend during the past 60 years in the Second Songhua River Basin (SSRB) of Northeast China. The upper, middle, and lower streams of five hydrological stations were selected to analyze the breakpoint of the annual runoff in the past 60 years, and the breakpoints were used to divide the entire study period into two sub-periods (1956–1974 and 1975–2015). Using the water–energy coupling balance method based on Choudhury–Yang equation, the climatic and catchment landscape elasticity coefficient of the annual runoff change was estimated, and attribution analysis of the runoff change was carried out for the Fengman Reservoir and Fuyu stations in SSRB. -
Research Article Thyroid-Disrupting Activities of Groundwater from A
Hindawi Journal of Chemistry Volume 2020, Article ID 2437082, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2437082 Research Article Thyroid-Disrupting Activities of Groundwater from a Riverbank Filtration System in Wuchang City, China: Seasonal Distribution and Human Health Risk Assessment Dongdong Kong,1 Hedan Liu,1 Yun Liu,2 Yafei Wang,1 and Jian Li 1 1Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2South China Institute of Environmental Science, MEE, No. 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou 510655, China Correspondence should be addressed to Jian Li; [email protected] Received 25 July 2019; Accepted 11 December 2019; Published 7 January 2020 Guest Editor: Lisa Yu Copyright © 2020 Dongdong Kong et al. )is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. )e recombinant thyroid hormone receptor (TR) gene yeast assay was used to evaluate thyroid disruption caused by groundwater from the riverbank filtration (RBF) system in Wuchang City, China. To investigate seasonal fluctuations, groundwater was collected during three seasons. Although no TR agonistic activity was found, many water samples exhibited TR antagonistic activity. )e bioassay-derived amiodarone hydrochloride (AH) equivalents ranged from 2.99 to 274.40 μg/L. Water samples collected from the riverbank filtration system during the dry season had higher TR antagonistic activity. All samples presented adverse 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) equivalent levels, ranging from − 2.00 to − 2.12 μg/kg. -
北 京 京 城 機 電 股 份 有 限 公 司 Beijing Jingcheng Machinery
THIS CIRCULAR IS IMPORTANT AND REQUIRES YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION If you are in any doubt as to any aspect of this circular or as to the action to be taken, you should consult your stockbroker or other registered dealer in securities, bank manager, solicitor, professional accountant or other professional adviser. If you have sold or transferred all your shares in Beijing Jingcheng Machinery Electric Company Limited, you should at once hand this circular, together with the accompanying form of proxy, to the purchaser or to the transferee or to the bank, stockbroker or other agent through whom the sale was effected for transmission to the purchaser or the transferee. Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this circular, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this circular. This circular appears for information purposes only and does not constitute an invitation or offer to acquire, purchase or subscribe for securities of the Company. 北京京城機電股份有限公司 Beijing Jingcheng Machinery Electric Company Limited (a joint stock limited company established in the People’s Republic of China) (Stock Code: 0187) (1) PROPOSED NON-PUBLIC ISSUANCE OF A SHARES (2) CONNECTED TRANSACTION – PROPOSED SUBSCRIPTION OF A SHARES BY JINGCHENG MACHINERY ELECTRICITY (3) APPLICATION FOR WHITEWASH WAIVER AND (4) PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION Independent Financial Adviser to the Independent Board Committee and Independent Shareholders Vinco Capital Limited A letter from the Board is set out on pages 5 to 31 of this circular. -
Freshwater Ecosystems Versus Hydropower Development: Environmental Assessments and Conservation Measures in the Transboundary Amur River Basin
water Article Freshwater Ecosystems versus Hydropower Development: Environmental Assessments and Conservation Measures in the Transboundary Amur River Basin Eugene A. Simonov 1,2,* , Oxana I. Nikitina 3,* and Eugene G. Egidarev 3,4 1 Rivers without Boundaries International Coalition, Dalian 116650, China 2 Daursky Biosphere Reserve, 674480 Nizhny Tsasuchey, Russia 3 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-Russia), 109240 Moscow, Russia 4 Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.A.S.); [email protected] (O.I.N.) Received: 18 June 2019; Accepted: 25 July 2019; Published: 29 July 2019 Abstract: Hydropower development causes a multitude of negative effects on freshwater ecosystems, and to prevent and minimize possible damage, environmental impact assessments must be conducted and optimal management scenarios designed. This paper examines the impacts of both existing and proposed hydropower development on the transboundary Amur River basin shared by Russia, China, and Mongolia, including the effectiveness of different tools and measures to minimize damage. It demonstrates that the application of various assessment and conservation tools at the proper time and in the proper sequence is the key factor in mitigating and minimizing the environmental impacts of dams. The tools considered include basin-wide assessments of hydropower impacts, the creation of protected areas on rivers threatened by dam construction, and environmental flows. The results of this work show how the initial avoidance and mitigation of hydropower impacts at early planning stages are more productive than the application of any measures during and after dam construction, that the assessment of hydropower impacts must be performed at a basin level rather than be limited to a project implementation site, and that the full spectrum of possible development scenarios should be considered. -
Global Report on Smart Tourism in Cities 1.4.3 Taking the Lead in the Application of High Technologies 69 1.4.4 Improving Tourist Satisfaction 70
WTCF Global Report on Smart Tourism in Cities 1.4.3 Takingtheleadintheapplicationofhightechnologies 69 1.4.4 Improvingtouristsatisfaction 70 1.5 MaininnovationfieldsofdevelopingsmarttourisminBeijing 70 1.5.1 Demonstrationapplicationofartificialintelligence intourismindustry 70 1.5.2 Theelectronictravelorderfortourgroupsenablingstricter marketsupervision 70 1.5.3 The“time-division appointment”ticketingsystematscenic spotsislaunchinganewtouristflowandappointment managementmode 71 1.5.4 Pioneeringthe“culture +tourism+technology” Directory integrateddevelopment 72 1.5.5 Realizingregionaltourismdynamicserviceandsupervision 72 Acknowledgements 10 1.6 MainbeneficiariesofdevelopingsmarttourisminBeijing 74 Preface 12 1.7 Attachment 74 ExecutiveSummary 14 1.7.1 Electronicitineraryofthetravelteam 74 EvaluationReportonSmartTourisminCities 22 1.7.2 “i-tourBeijing” 75 CityQuestionnaireAnalysisResults 38 1.7.3 HaidianDigitalPublicPlatformforCultureService 75 1.7.4 Haidiancitybrain 75 Chapter1 Beijing China 57 1.7.5 Demonstrationcaseof“culture +tourism+technology” oftheForbiddenCity 76 1.1 ABriefIntroductiontoCurrentTourisminBeijing 58 1.7.6 DigitalYuanmingyuan 77 1.2 CoreThemeofSmartTourismDevelopmentandItsContributionto 1.7.7 “AITechnologyPark”oftheHaidianPark 77 SmartTourisminBeijing 59 1.7.8 Applicationof5GtechnologyintheYuyuantanParkinBeijing 78 1.3 ResultofSmartTourismCityConstructioninBeijing 60 Chapter2 BuenosAires Argentina 81 1.3.1 PriorityofdevelopingsmarttourisminBeijing 60 1.3.2 SpecificgoalsofsmarttourismdevelopmentofBeijing 66 2.1 Introduction -
Rpr-2009-7-5
ERIA Research Project Report 2009, No. 7-5 DDEVELOPMENT OF CCHINA’’S TTRANSPORTATION IINFRASTRUCTURE AND IINTERNATIONAL CCONNECTIVITY EDITED BY 1 ZHANG YUNLING March 2010 1 Zhang Yunling as the research director of this project, is responsible for designing and writing the final report paper, while Wu Wehua, Zhao Minglong, Zhang Yushan and Zhong Feiteng as the research team members, are responsible for preliminary research and drafting the designated part. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents i List of Project Members ii CHAPTER 1. Overview: the Development of China’s Transportation Infrastructure 1 CHAPTER 2. The Development of Transportation Infrastructure and International 18 Links in China’s Southeast Region CHAPTER 3. The Development of Transportation Infrastructure and International 37 Links in China’s Northeast Region CHAPTER 4. The Development of Transportation Infrastructure and International 53 Links in China’s Northwest Region CHAPTER 5. The Development of Transport Infrastructure and International Links in 69 China’s Southwest Region CHAPTER 6. Infrastructure Development in East Asia and Cooperation between China 81 and Japan i LIST OF PROJECT MEMBERS Project Director: Zhang Yunling, Professor, Director of Academic Division of International Studies, Academy Member, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Research team members: Wu Wenhua, Professor, Director of the Institute of Transportation, Institute of Macroeconomics of Nation Development and Reform Commission (Chapter 1) Zhao Minglong, Professor, Director of the Institute of