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PAVYH Euarchontoglires Primates •Conejos y ratones •Lemures voladores y musarañas de los árboles •Monos, chimpancés, gorilas •Hombres Kriegs et al., 2006 www.aragosaurus.com John Anderson. Anatomical and zoological researches: comprising an account of the zoological results of the two expeditions to western Yunnan in Dermoptera y Scandentia 1868 and 1875; and a monograph of the two cetacean genera, Platanista and Orcella , 1878 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F ile:Dentition_tupaia.jpg Scandentia: musarañas de los árboles (pero no son musarañas). Gran cerebro en relación con el tamaño del cuerpo, mayor que en humanos. Sudeste Asiático, Cynocephalidae: colugos y lemures voladores. aparecieron probablemente en el Eoceno Medio de Parecidos a los marsupiales en el desarrollo de las Henan, en China (Eodendrogale T. Yongsheng. 1988. crias. Sudeste Asiático, aparecieron probablemente Fossil tree shrews from the Eocene Hetaoyuan en el Paleoceno Formation of Xichuan, Henan. 26:214-220 Primates es un grupo de Euarchontoglires de clima tropical se caracterizan por más de una treintena de caracteres relacionados con sus tres adaptaciones principales: agilidad en los árboles, gran cerebro y aguda visión diurna y cuidado parental Locomoción bípeda y cuadrúpeda Pentadáctilos con el pulgar oponible o semi Gran cerebro y barra o placa postorbital Uñas planas Oído alojado en el hueso petroso del temporal This faithful reproduction of a lithograph plate from Gray's Anatomy, a two- dimensional work of art, is not copyrightable in the U.S. as per Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.; the same is also true in many other countries, including Germany. Unless stated otherwise, it is from the 20th U.S. edition of Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, originally published in 1918 and Caption: Wikimedia.org therefore lapsed into the public domain. Other copies of Gray's Anatomy can be found on Bartleby and also on Yahoo!. This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. This Side view of the skull. applies worldwide. Caracteres de los primates Bunodoncia http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/topics/mammal_anatomy/tooth_diversity.html Las manos de los primates Formas Actuales Pleistoceno Plioceno Mioceno Oligoceno Eoceno Antropoideos Paleoceno simios Prosimios Haplorinos Estrepsirinos “nariz seca” “nariz Cretácico húmeda” Superior Presimios Clasificación del Orden Primates Origen de los primates Los primates más primitivos (presimios) tienen el registro más antiguo en el Paleoceno inferior de EE.UU. y Canadá Se trata de dientes aislados del género Purgatorius. Se incluyen en Plesiadapiformes Los Plesiadapiformes son formas exclusivamente fósiles. Son abundantes en el Paleoceno – Eoceno Inferior de Norteamérica, Europa y Asia Las formas primitivas presentan un gran premolar de morfología similar a los multituberculados Carpomegodon jepseni Plesiadapis Amplia diastema Las formas mas derivadas presentan unos incisivos parecidos a los de los roedores Cerebro más pequeño que el Hábitos arborícolas, pero sin las adaptaciones anatómicas para el resto de los primates desplazamiento rápido por las ramas de los primates modernos Los prosimios se diversificaron en el Eoceno. Se encuentran en Norteamérica, Europa y el Norte de África Los prosimios en la actualidad están representados por los lemures y los lorises, además de los adápidos, típicos del Eoceno lorise Orbitas frontales Uñas planas lemur Los lemures presentan Incisivos inferiores en forma de peineta Los adápidos son los prosimios más abundantes en el Eoceno Barra postorbital Hocico corto Ectotimpánico (el hueso que rodea el timpano) es tubular Incisivos implantados verticalmente El cráneo de un adápido se diferencia del de un plesiadapiformes por la posición, más frontal, de las órbitas. El cráneo de un adápido tiene más capacidad craneal que el de los plesiadapiformes Formas Actuales Pleistoceno Plioceno Estrepsirinos “nariz húmeda” Mioceno Prosimios actuales Oligoceno Eoceno Antropoideos Paleoceno Cretácico Superior http://www.whozoo.org/mammals/Primates/primatephylogeny.htm Formas Actuales Pleistoceno Plioceno platirrinos Mioceno Oligoceno Eoceno catarrinos Paleoceno simios Prosimios Cretácico Superior Presimios Clasificación de los primates Estreptisinos son los primates con la “nariz húmeda” y Haplorrinos los que tienen la “nariz seca” Los estreptisinos tienen barra Los haplorrinos tienen la cuenca postorbital, es decir parte de la para el ojo totalmente cerrada cuenca para el ojo abierta Nycticebus: loris lento Pongo: Orangután Los primeros Simios. Omomyidae es el grupo de simios más diversificado en el Eoceno de Norteamérica, Asia Europa y el Norte de África. Llegan a la actualidad (tarseros). Grupo hermano de los primates antropoideos Rostro corto Orbitas grandes Tetonius Eoceno NA Manos prensiles Matthew & Granger Perdida de premolares 1915 Bien adaptados a la vida en los árboles y de hábitos nocturnos Tarsero del Este de Asia Platirrinos y catarrinos, los monos del nuevo y del viejo mundo Platirrinos monos con catarrinos monos nariz ancha. con nariz estrecha. Narinas hacia arriba Narinas hacia abajo platirrinos catarrinos Sin contacto entre el frontal y el esfenoides Contacto entre el frontal y el esfenoides Canal Sin canal Dos auditivo Tres auditivo premolares premolares Los catarrinos tienen un mayor tamaño del encéfalo y las orbitas en posición más frontal Platirrino: Leontopithecus Catarrino: Macaca Caracteristicas de los catarrinos en el cráneo humanod This faithful reproduction of a lithograph plate from Gray's Anatomy, a two- dimensional work of art, is not copyrightable in the U.S. as per Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.; the same is also true in many other countries, including Germany. Unless stated otherwise, it is from the 20th U.S. edition of Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, originally published in 1918 and Caption: Wikimedia.org therefore lapsed into the public domain. Other copies of Gray's Anatomy can be found on Bartleby and also on Yahoo!. This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. This Side view of the skull. applies worldwide. Los primates platirrinos o monos Suramericanos Cébidos • Insectívoros Libadores http://www.whozoo.org/mammals/Primates/primatephylogeny.htm Fleagle, 1988 Los primates y los roedores se encuentran en el registro fósil sudamericano en el Oligoceno por primera vez. Se trata de formas derivadas y muy alejadas evolutivamente de sus ancestros. Sudamérica estaba aislada del resto de continentes, por tanto ¿de donde migran estos vertebrados? Se ha propuesto de NA y de África, pero en ambos casos tendrían que nadar cientos de kilómetros por el océano abierto. Sin duda uno de los grandes problemas paleobiogeográficos El platirrino más antiguo: Branisella boliviana, capas de Salla, Deseadiense, Oligoceno superior de Bolivia, c10r, 28-29 ma • Cráneos de Tamarin: Leontopithecus (ADW y otras fuentes) los platirrinos aulladores Cébidos Alouatta seniculus, Red Howler http://www.whozoo.org/mammals/Primate Monkey s/primatephylogeny.htm Dr. James Rossie - Carnegie Museum of Natural History Historia de los monos americanos • Origen • Historia evolutiva • El platirrino más antiguo: Branisella boliviana, capas de Salla, Deseadiense, Oligoceno superior de Bolivia, c10r, 28-29 ma • La cuestión de cómo y cuando llegaron a Suramérica es uno de los debates más interesantes de la historia paleogeográfica de los Los primates y los roedores aparecieron vertebrados En el oligoceno sudamericano y siendo Ya modernos cuando hicieron su 1ª Aparición en el continente austral Estrepsirinos Haplorinos Dos cráneos homínidos vista frontal .
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  • Colugos: Obscure Mammals Glide Into the Evolutionary Limelight Robert D Martin

    Colugos: Obscure Mammals Glide Into the Evolutionary Limelight Robert D Martin

    BioMed Central Minireview Colugos: obscure mammals glide into the evolutionary limelight Robert D Martin Address: Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA. Email: [email protected] Published: 1 May 2008 Journal of Biology 2008, 7:13 (doi:10.1186/jbiol74) The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://jbiol.com/content/7/4/13 © 2008 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract Substantial molecular evidence indicates that tree-shrews, colugos and primates cluster together on the mammalian phylogenetic tree. Previously, a sister-group relationship between colugos and primates seemed likely. A new study of colugo chromosomes indicates instead an affinity between colugos and tree-shrews. Colugos, constituting the obscure and tiny order Dermop- shrews, tree-shrews, colugos, bats and primates. However, tera, are gliding mammals confined to evergreen tropical Simpson’s ensuing influential classification of mammals [1] rainforests of South-East Asia. There are two extant species, rejected this assemblage. Subsequently, prompted by Butler now placed in separate genera: Galeopterus variegatus [4], the superorder Archonta was progressively resuscitated, (Malayan colugo, formerly known as Cynocephalus variegatus) although most authors emphatically excluded elephant- and Cynocephalus volans (Philippine colugo). Their most shrews (for example [5,6]). A quite recent major classifi- obvious hallmark is a gliding membrane (patagium) cation of mammals [7] united tree-shrews, colugos, bats surrounding almost the entire body margin. Colugos are and primates in the grand order Archonta. also called ‘flying lemurs’, but - as Simpson aptly noted [1] - they “are not lemurs and cannot fly”. They differ from other This whole topic has been reinvigorated by molecular gliding mammals (certain rodents and marsupials) in that evidence indicating that tree-shrews, colugos and primates, the patagium also extends between the hind limbs and the at least, may be quite closely related.