Benefit Sharing in the Arctic • Maria Tysiachniouk, Andrey N. • Maria Petrov Tysiachniouk, and Violetta Gassiy Benefit Sharing in the Arctic Extractive Industries and Arctic People Edited by Maria Tysiachniouk, Andrey N. Petrov and Violetta Gassiy Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Resources www.mdpi.com/journal/resources Benefit Sharing in the Arctic Benefit Sharing in the Arctic Extractive Industries and Arctic People Special Issue Editors Maria Tysiachniouk Andrey N Petrov Violetta Gassiy MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Maria Tysiachniouk Andrey N Petrov Centre for Independent Social Research University of Northern Iowa Russia USA Violetta Gassiy Kuban State University Russia Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Resources (ISSN 2079-9276) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/resources/special issues/industry people). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-164-9 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-165-6 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Maria Tysiachniouk, Andrey N. Petrov and Violetta Gassiy. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Preface to ”Benefit Sharing in the Arctic” ................................ ix Maria S. Tysiachniouk, Andrey N. Petrov and Violetta Gassiy Towards Understanding Benefit Sharing between Extractive Industries and Indigenous/Local Communities in the Arctic Reprinted from: Resources 2020, 9, 48, doi:10.3390/resources9040048 ................. 1 Andrey N. Petrov and Maria S. Tysiachniouk Benefit Sharing in the Arctic: A Systematic View Reprinted from: Resources 2019, 8, 155, doi:10.3390/resources8030155 ................ 7 Emma Wilson What is Benefit Sharing? Respecting Indigenous Rights and Addressing Inequities in Arctic Resource Projects Reprinted from: Resources 2019, 8, 74, doi:10.3390/resources8020074 ................ 23 Natalya Novikova Pipeline Neighbors: How Can We Avoid Conflicts? Reprinted from: Resources 2020, 9, 13, doi:10.3390/resources9020013 ................. 47 Svetlana Tulaeva and Soili Nysten-Haarala Resource Allocation in Oil-Dependent Communities: Oil Rent and Benefit Sharing Arrangements Reprinted from: Resources 2019, 8, 86, doi:10.3390/resources8020086 ................ 63 Violetta Gassiy and Ivan Potravny The Compensation for Losses to Indigenous Peoples Due to the Arctic Industrial Development in Benefit Sharing Paradigm Reprinted from: Resources 2019, 8, 71, doi:10.3390/resources8020071 ................ 83 Sergey I. Nosov, Boris E. Bondarev, Andrey A. Gladkov and Violetta Gassiy Land Resources Evaluation for Damage Compensation to Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic (Case-Study of Anabar Region in Yakutia) Reprinted from: Resources 2019, 8, 143, doi:10.3390/resources8030143 ................103 Anatolii Sleptsov and Aitalina Petrova Ethnological Expertise in Yakutia: The Local Experience of Assessing the Impact of Industrial Activities on the Northern Indigenous Peoples Reprinted from: Resources 2019, 8, 123, doi:10.3390/resources8030123 ................117 Burtseva Evdokia and Bysyina Anna Damage Compensation for Indigenous Peoples in the Conditions of Industrial Development of Territories on the Example of the Arctic Zone of the Sakha Republic Reprinted from: Resources 2019, 8, 55, doi:10.3390/resources8010055 .................135 Svetlana A. Tulaeva, Maria S. Tysiachniouk, Laura A. Henry and Leah S. Horowitz Globalizing Extraction and Indigenous Rights in the Russian Arctic: The Enduring Role of the State in Natural Resource Governance Reprinted from: Resources 2019, 8, 179, doi:10.3390/resources8040179 ................149 v Ekaterina Britcyna Industrial Projects and Benefit-Sharing Arrangements in the Russian North. Is Contracting Possible? Reprinted from: Resources 2019, 8, 104, doi:10.3390/resources8020104 ................169 Vera Kuklina, Andrey N Petrov, Natalia Krasnoshtanova and Viktor Bogdanov Mobilizing Benefit-Sharing Through Transportation Infrastructure: Informal Roads, Extractive Industries and Benefit-Sharing in the Irkutsk Oil and Gas Region, Russia Reprinted from: Resources 2020, 9, 21, doi:10.3390/resources9030021 .................183 vi About the Special Issue Editors Maria Tysiachniouk is a researcher and associate professor. She holds a Master of Science in Environmental Studies from Bard College, NY; a PhD in Biology from the Russian Academy of Sciences; and a PhD in Sociology from Wageningen University (2012). She has taught at Herzen Pedagogical University in St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University, Johns Hopkins University, Dickinson College, PA, Ramapo College of New Jersey, Towson University, Wageningen University, University of Lapland, University of Eastern Finland, and Erfurt University. She has studied issues of global governance since 2004. In 2012, she started to conduct extensive research on transnational oil production chains in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. Dr Tysiachniouk has written more than two hundred and seventy publications on topics related to transnational environmental governance. She has edited several books and has fieldwork experience in several countries and regions. She is currently chair of the Environmental Sociology group at the Center for Independent Social Research, St. Petersburg, Russia, and is a researcher at the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Andrey N Petrov is Associate Professor of Geography and ARCTICenter Director at the University of Northern Iowa, USA. Dr Petrov is an economic and social geographer who specializes in Arctic economy, sustainable development, and the resilience of Arctic human-environment systems, with an emphasis on the social geography of Indigenous and northern populations. His current research focuses on multiple Arctic regions, largely in Russia and Canada. This research concerns the regional development, spatial organization, and restructuring of peripheral economies, regional and local sustainability, and interdisciplinary, community-based research. Dr Petrov leads the Research Coordination Networks in Arctic Sustainability (Arctic-FROST) and Arctic Coastal Resilience (Arctic-COAST). Dr Petrov is the President of the International Arctic Social Sciences Association (IASSA), and Chair of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) Social and Human Working Group. Dr Petrov has taught at the University of Toronto, University of Greenland, Herzen University and Russian State Hydrometeorological University. Violetta Gassiy is a professor at the Public Administration Department of Kuban State University, Russia. She completed her PhD in Local Community Development and DSc in Regional Economics and Management at the Plekhanov University of Economics in Moscow. She was a postdoc fellow of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) from 2017–2019. Dr Gassiy specializes in Arctic studies, including traditional economy, extractive industries and corporate social responsibility, interactions between indigenous communities, and business in the Arctic. She is currently a member of the Scientific and Technical Council of Ministry of Arctic Affairs and Indigenous Peoples of Yakutia. Dr Gassiy took part in eight Arctic expeditions devoted to socio-economic, environmental and cultural impact assessments of investment projects. She has almost one hundred publications on the subject of Arctic development problems. In 2019, Dr Gassiy was given an award by the President of Russia, for special research on government, business and Arctic indigenous communities’ partnership and cooperation. vii Preface to ”Benefit Sharing in the Arctic” Benefit sharing has become an increasingly central concept for investigating the relationships between extractive industries and society. A large variety of stake, rights and knowledge holders in communities affected by resource extraction depend on the fair, equitable and just distribution of benefits from this activity. Benefit sharing is closely related to other important concepts, such as corporate social responsibility, social license to operate, and free, prior and informed consent. In some ways, benefit sharing may have the broadest coverage of issues among them, yet it is most specifically focused on the processes and outcomes of implementing these principles in practice. Moreover, well-designed benefit sharing arrangements appear to be a potential tool for sustainable development, a link that needs further understanding. With a strong legacy and the rapid growth of the extractive industry in the Arctic, as well as the complicated engagement of extractive firms with local and Indigenous communities, the Arctic represents both a fascinating, globally important ‘case study’ region and a data-rich place for synthesis, and