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B E N E Fa Ctio N EXOFYLO_Layout 1 7/11/2017 8:14 µµ Page 1 M a t Matoula Tomara-Sideris is a o u graduate of the Pandeion Uni - l a versity and completed her T o post-graduate studies in His - m OTHER TITLES tory, Historical Demography Benefaction a r Economy, Finance & Business a and Sociology at the University - • Who are we? The geopolitics of Greek identity S of Paris 1-Sorbonne and the in Modern Greece i (paperback), Georges S. Prevelakis d Ecole des Hautes Etudes en • Tourism and Crisis in Europe XIX-XXI centuries e r (paperback), Margarita Dritsas (edited) Theory and History i Sciences Sociales. As a profes - s • New Generation Research on a Changing Greece sor at Panteion University, she teaches Historical (paperback), Kevin Featherstone (edited) Demography, History of the Greek Community • Following the Nereids: Sea Routes and Maritime Benefaction was developed in the communities by leading B business (paperback), Maria-Christina Chatziioannou and Benefaction, as well as History of Cultural At - e & Gelina Harlaftis (edited) entrepreneurs of the diaspora, who lived and served by or - n titudes. Her research focuses on the historical and • The Business of Olympic Games Sponsorship ganising society and their respective communities. e (hardcover), Eleni Beneki &Nelly Kapsi conceptual analysis of benefaction. Her academic f interests and publications concentrate mainly on Narratives Benefactors undertake objectives and functions, substitut - a c Egyptian Greeks. She is the Scientific Project Leader • Chronicle of a Life in Shipping (hardcover), John L. Koilalous ing for the official state, its collectives and institutions. They t of Cairo’s Greek Community Historical Archive, the Sci - • The Story of Minos Zombanakis- Banking without i o entific Project Leader of the Egyptian Greek Study So - Borders (handcover), David Lascelles realise a unique journey on their own personal terms, both n • Diplomats & Doormats An Hotelier’s Odyssey ciety, the President of the Society of Hellenic Diaspora epic-making and benevolent in serving the common good. (paperback), Peter Alatsas i Stud y(Ε.Μ.Ε.ΔΙΑ./ www.hellenicdiaspora.com) n For them benefaction means total passion which directs their and she was part of the Editorial Committee of Coffee Table Books M • Mikis Theodorakis: My Posters (bilingual, paperback the Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora up to 2013, individual and collective operations. o & collector’s edition), Maria Adamantides when the publication folded. She won a Teaching • Melina: Never on Sunday (bilingual, collector’s edition, d e Award in 2016 from the Al Azhar University for hardcover) It may be a historic phenomenon, yet benefaction still con - • Greece Star & Secret Islands (bilingual, hardcover), r n Greek Egyptian studies. Maud Vidal- Naquet tinues to exist today, mainly in the form of institutional • Magical Greece, 2nd edition (bilingual, hardcover), G She has published a number of papers in Greek Andreas Smaragdis (photos) benevolence. r and English, as well as the following books: La e e population de Leucade au 19ème siècle (doctoral the - Modern Greek Culture The history, ideology, personal and social operations, mech - c • Mikis Theodorakis: Finding Greece in his Music sis at the Paris I-Sorbonne University, 1985), The e (paperback), Angelique Mouyis anism and practice of benefaction are all analysed thor - formation and succession of generations in 19th Cen - • Cretan Music: Unraveling Ariadne’s Thread - tury Greece: the demographic condition of youth (paperback), Maria Hnaraki oughly, in the context that benefactors represent the organic T • Marika Mitsotaki: Recipes of Love h (1986), Higher education and social selection (1991), intellectuals of the middle-class, during their historic ascen - e Historical Demography: from demographic processes to o Distribution : dency just as much as they do today, in the era of their r collective attitudes and behaviours (1998), Local Gov - y Nomiki Bibliothiki Kerkyra Publications ernment in Greece (1999), Benefaction and Personal - 23 Mavromihali str . 6-8 Vlahava str . global domination. a 10680 Athens - Greece 10551 Athens - Greece n ity: Greek Benefactors of Cairo (2002), The Families Tel .: +30 210-3678.800 Tel .: +30 210-3314.714 d Fax. : +30 210-3678.922 Fax.: +30 210-3252.283 of Alexandria: Horemi-Benakis-Salvagou (2004), [email protected] [email protected] H which won an Athens Academy Award in 2006, www.nb.org www.economia.gr i s The Greeks of Cairo (2007), Women, Gender and Di - Like & Follow t o asporic Lives, Labour, Community and Identity in Εκδόσεις Κέρκυρα - Economia Publishing r Greek Migration (A collection edited by Evangelia y Economia Group Tastsoglou, 2009), The List of the Historical Archive of Cairo’s Greek Community (2010), The Egyptian Greeks on the cotton route (2011), Historical Demog - raphy: Mechanisms and Dynamics - The example of 19th Century Lefkada (in publication, 2016). EYERGETISMOS 1-118 FOTO J_Layout 1 12/11/2017 7:00 µµ Page 1 BENEFACTION IN MODERN GREECE THEORY AND HISTORY EYERGETISMOS 1-118 FOTO J_Layout 1 12/11/2017 7:00 µµ Page 2 ISBN: 978-960-9490-46-7 © Copyright: KERKYRA Publications S.A. – economia PUBLISHING 1st edition in English, November 2017 Production: KERKYRA Publications – economia PUBLISHING Translated by: Leoni Thanassoula, Nikos Sideris Edited by: George Vassiadis, Georgia Micha Index: Theofilos Tsimos Publication coordinator: Efi Andrikopoulou Art Design, Cover & Layout: Dionisis Tsakonas Distribution 6-8, Vlahava str. 105 51 Athens - Greece 23, Mavromihali str., 106 80 Athens - Greece Tel .: +30 210-3314.714 Tel .: +30 210-3678.800 Fax: +30 210-3252.283 Fax: +30 210-3678.922 www.economia.gr www.nb.org [email protected] [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, whether in its original form of in a translated or adapted version, without the publisher’s prior written permission. EYERGETISMOS 1-118 FOTO J_Layout 1 12/11/2017 7:00 µµ Page 3 MATOULA TOMARA-SIDERIS BENEFACTION IN MODERN GREECE THEORY AND HISTORY ATHENS 2017 EYERGETISMOS 1-118 FOTO J_Layout 1 12/11/2017 7:00 µµ Page 5 CONTENTS PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION ......................................7 PREFACE................................................... .............................................9 PART I THE NEO-HELLENIC DIASPORA 1. The Greek Diaspora and benefaction .......................................... 13 2. The origins of Egyptiot Hellenism ................................................ 18 3. The Egyptiot Greek communities ...................................................20 4. Egyptiot Greek commercial life ......................................................25 5. The role of fraternal associations ..................................................29 6. Collectivity and individualism ........................................................30 Endnotes............................................................................................34 PART II BENEFACTORS AND BENEFACTION 1. Sources and methodology ...........................................................39 2. Benefactors and benefaction: Enlightenment influences ...................... 46 3. Benefactors as organic intellectuals of the bourgeoisie ......................... 52 4. The ideology of benefaction ........................................................... 58 5. Recognition and reciprocation ........................................................65 6. Benefaction in practice ................................................................... 70 7. Benefactors and benefaction: two paradigms..................................74 8. Benefactor versus philanthropist .................................................... 76 9. Benefactor versus volunteer ........................................................... 83 Endnotes...............................................................................................88 PART III BENEFACTION IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION 1. From personal benefaction to foundational benefaction .............95 2. The historical function of foundational benefaction ......................101 3. The three periods of benefaction ..................................................104 Endnotes..........................................................................................106 APPENDICES .................................................................................107 SOURCES ........................................................................................114 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................115 INDEX .............................................................................................119 EYERGETISMOS 1-118 FOTO J_Layout 1 12/11/2017 7:00 µµ Page 7 PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION he present study provides an in-depth analysis of the historical T mechanisms of benefaction within the context of building a nation- state. The frame of reference is Gramscian theory, which conceptualises the modern benefactor as an organic intellectual of the bourgeoisie. This conceptual innovation introduces a new paradigm for the historical analysis of benefaction. The current paradigm draws its historical evi - dence from the Hellenistic era, where aristocrats rule, govern and have the duty to be benefactors of their country. The new paradigm draws its historical evidence from the modern period of nation-state
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