Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on January 5, 2015 Multiple drivers of decline in the global status of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Astacidea) Nadia I. Richman1,2, Monika Bo¨hm1, Susan B. Adams3, Fernando Alvarez4, 5 6 6 7 Research Elizabeth A. Bergey , John J. S. Bunn , Quinton Burnham , Jay Cordeiro , Jason Coughran6,8, Keith A. Crandall9,10, Kathryn L. Dawkins11, Robert Cite this article: Richman NI et al. 2015 J. DiStefano12, Niall E. Doran13, Lennart Edsman14, Arnold G. Eversole15, Multiple drivers of decline in the global status Leopold Fu¨reder16, James M. Furse17, Francesca Gherardi18,†, Premek Hamr19, of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea). 20 6 21,22 23 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 370: 20140060. David M. Holdich , Pierre Horwitz , Kerrylyn Johnston , Clive M. Jones , http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0060 Julia P. G. Jones2, Robert L. Jones24, Thomas G. Jones25, Tadashi Kawai26, Susan Lawler27, Marilu Lo´pez-Mejı´a28, Rebecca M. Miller29, Carlos Pedraza- One contribution of 17 to a discussion meeting Lara30, Julian D. Reynolds31, Alastair M. M. Richardson32, Mark B. Schultz33, issue ‘Phylogeny, extinction and conservation’. Guenter A. Schuster34, Peter J. Sibley35, Catherine Souty-Grosset36, Christopher Subject Areas: A. Taylor37, Roger F. Thoma38, Jerry Walls39, Todd S. Walsh40 and Ben Collen41 ecology, evolution 1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK 2School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK Keywords: 3USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 1000 Front St., extinction risk, crayfish, IUCN Red List, Oxford, MS 38655-4915, USA 4Coleccio´n Nacional de Crusta´ceos, Instituto de Biologı´a, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, threatened, freshwater biodiversity Apartado Postal 70-153, Me´xico 04510 DF, Me´xico 5Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA 6 Author for correspondence: School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia Nadia I. Richman 7Northeast Natural History and Supply, 24 North Grove St., Middleboro, MA 02346, USA e-mail: [email protected] 8Jagabar Environmental, PO Box 634, Duncraig, Western Australia 6023, Australia 9Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA 10Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA 11Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia 12Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 East Gans Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA 13Bookend Trust and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, PO Box 310, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7006, Australia 14Institute of Freshwater Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden 15School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA 16River Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria 17Griffith School of Environment and the Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia 18Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita` degli Studi di Firenze, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy 19Upper Canada College, 200 Lonsdale Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 1W6 20Crayfish Survey and Research, Peak Ecology Limited, Arden House, Deepdale Business Park, Bakewell, †We dedicate this paper to Francesca, our Derbyshire DE45 1GT, UK 21Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, co-author and friend, who sadly passed away Western Australia 6150, Australia in February 2013. She was an outstanding 22Marine and Freshwater Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, scientist and made a significant contribution to Western Australia 6150, Australia 23James Cook University, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia the field of invasive species biology. She is 24Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, Museum of Natural Science, 2148 Riverside Drive, dearly missed. Jackson, MS 39202-1353, USA & 2015 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on January 5, 2015 25Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Marshall University, of valuable services, including fisheries, domestic and commer- 2 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA cial water supply, carbon sequestration and energy; however, a 26 rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Wakkanai Fisheries Institute, 4-5-15 Suehiro, Wakkanai, 097-0001 Hokkaido, Japan rapidly growing human population has increased the demand 27 Department of Environmental Management and Ecology, La Trobe University, on freshwater resources leading to a freshwater biodiversity Wodonga, Victoria 3690, Australia crisis [2]. While knowledge on the conservation status and dis- 28Evolutionary Biology and Population Genetics Laboratory, Universidad de Quintana tribution of freshwater taxa is disparate relative to terrestrial Roo, Unidad Acade´mica Cozumel, Av. Andre´s Quintana Roo con Calle 110s/n, Frente a Col. San Gervasio, Cozumel 77600, Q. Roo, Me´xico species [3], there is growing evidence that freshwater taxa 29International Union for Conservation of Nature, Global Ecosystem Management (i.e. crabs, dragonflies, fish and molluscs) are at greater risk of Programme, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK extinction than terrestrial vertebrates (i.e. mammals, reptiles 30Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, Facultad de Medicina, Circuito Interior, or birds) [3–9]. Given the disproportionately high biodiversity Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510. Universidad Nacional Auto´noma harboured in freshwater ecosystems, knowledge on the distri- de Me´xico, Instituto de Biologı´a, tercer circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoaca´n, bution and conservation status of freshwater species will be Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B Me´xico DF CP 04510, Me´xico essential for monitoring targets set by the Convention on Bio- 31 Trinity College Dublin, 115 Weirview Drive, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin, Ireland logical Diversity [3]. For example, Target 6 aims to ensure that 32 School of Biology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, ‘all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed Australia and harvested sustainably by 2020’, Target 11 is to conserve 33Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, 17% of inland water by 2020 and Target 12 requires that by 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia 370 34305 Boone Way, Richmond, KY 40475, USA 2020 ‘the extinction of known threatened species has been pre- 35Environment Agency, Wessex Area, Rivers House, East Quay, Bridgwater TA6 4YS, UK vented and their conservation status, particularly of those most : 20140060 36Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Universite´ de Poitiers, Equipe in decline, has been improved and sustained’ [10]. Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers Cedex, France Limited resources available for conservation require 37Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak, Champaign, practitioners to prioritize areas for action. Selection of priority IL 61820, USA areas requires knowledge on the distribution and conservation 38Midwest Biodiversity Institute, 4673 Northwest Parkway, Hilliard, OH 43026, USA status of a globally representative sample of species. To date, 39 Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Alexandria, global analyses of species diversity and patterns of threat have 8100 Highway 71 S, Alexandria, LA 71302, USA been biased towards terrestrial species, particularly vertebrates 4034 McKenzie St, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia [11–13] producing the major tropical and subtropical hotspots 41Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, University College London, described by Myers et al. [11]. However, there is growing Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK evidence that vertebrates are a poor proxy for estimating invert- ebrate diversity [3,14,15], highlighting a need for improved Rates of biodiversity loss are higher in freshwater ecosys- knowledge on the distribution and status of invertebrate taxa. tems than in most terrestrial or marine ecosystems, Freshwater crayfish (Astacidea) exhibit a disjunct global making freshwater conservation a priority. However, distribution with the majority of species diversity restricted prioritization methods are impeded by insufficient knowl- to temperate latitudes, and an absence of native species in con- edge on the distribution and conservation status of tinental Africa and the Indian subcontinent [16]. A number of freshwater taxa, particularly invertebrates. We evaluated hypotheses explaining crayfish distribution patterns have been the extinction risk of the world’s 590 freshwater crayfish proposed: competitive