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Destructor for the EU Territory SCIENTIFIC OPINION ADOPTED: 28 September 2016 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4602 Risk to plant health of Ditylenchus destructor for the EU territory EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), Michael Jeger, Claude Bragard, David Caffier, Thierry Candresse, Elisavet Chatzivassiliou, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Gianni Gilioli, Jean-Claude Gregoire, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Alan MacLeod, Maria Navajas Navarro, Bjorn€ Niere, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Trond Rafoss, Vittorio Rossi, Ariena Van Bruggen, Wopke Van Der Werf, Jonathan West, Stephan Winter, Olaf Mosbach-Schulz and Gregor Urek Abstract The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest risk assessment on Ditylenchus destructor, the potato rot nematode, for the EU. It focused the assessment of entry, establishment, spread and impact on two crops: potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tulip (Tulipa spp.). The main pathways for entry of D. destructor into the EU and for spread of this nematode within the EU are plants for planting, including seed potatoes and flower bulbs. These commodities are also the main targets for the assessment of the impact. A modelling approach was used to quantitatively estimate entry, spread and impact. Literature and expert judgement were used to estimate model parameters, taking into account uncertainty. A baseline scenario with current pest-specific phytosanitary regulations was compared with alternative scenarios without those specific regulations or with additional risk reduction options. Further information is provided on the host range of D. destructor and on survival of the nematode in soil in the absence of hosts. The Panel concludes that the entry of D. destructor with planting material from third countries is small compared to the yearly intra-EU spread of this nematode with planting material. Changes in pest-specific regulations have little influence on entry of the pest as other non-specific regulation already lead to a good level of protection against the introduction of the nematode into the pest risk assessment (PRA) area. It is also concluded that the whole PRA area is suitable for establishment of D. destructor, but there is insufficient information to make a statement on the persistence of newly introduced populations in the entire PRA area. Impacts of this nematode on the quantity and quality of potato are considered negligible. The impact on flower bulb production in the EU is considered as very low. © 2016 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. Keywords: Ditylenchus destructor, potato rot nematode, potato, tulip, European Union, quantitative pest risk assessment, risk reduction options Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2015-00268 Correspondence: [email protected] www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal EFSA Journal 2016;14(12):4602 Risk assessment of Ditylenchus destructor Panel members: Claude Bragard, David Caffier, Thierry Candresse, Elisavet Chatzivassiliou, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Gianni Gilioli, Jean-Claude Gregoire, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Michael Jeger, Alan MacLeod, Maria Navajas Navarro, Bjorn€ Niere, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Trond Rafoss, Vittorio Rossi, Gregor Urek, Ariena Van Bruggen, Wopke Van Der Werf, Jonathan West and Stephan Winter. Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the hearing experts: Prisca Kleijn and Peter Knippels and EFSA staff member: Svetla Kozelska for the support provided to this scientific opinion. Suggested citation: EFSA PLH Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Health), Jeger M, Bragard C, Caffier D, Candresse T, Chatzivassiliou E, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Gilioli G, Gregoire J-C, Jaques Miret JA, MacLeod A, Navajas Navarro M, Niere B, Parnell S, Potting R, Rafoss T, Rossi V, Van Bruggen A, Van Der Werf W, West J, Winter S, Mosbach-Schulz O and Urek G, 2016. Scientific opinion on the risk to plant health of Ditylenchus destructor for the EU territory. EFSA Journal 2016;14(12):4602, 124 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa. 2016.4602 ISSN: 1831-4732 © 2016 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 2 EFSA Journal 2016;14(12):4602 Risk assessment of Ditylenchus destructor Table of contents Abstract............................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the European Commission .......................... 4 1.2. Interpretation of the Terms of Reference.................................................................................. 4 1.3. Specification of the assessment ............................................................................................... 5 1.3.1. Pathways............................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2. Specification of assessment scenarios including RRO scenarios .................................................. 5 1.3.3. Temporal and spatial scales..................................................................................................... 6 2 Data and methodologies ......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Data...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Methodologies........................................................................................................................ 7 3 Assessment............................................................................................................................ 8 3.1 Entry ..................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1. Introduction to entry .............................................................................................................. 8 3.1.2. Results on entry via the seed potato pathway .......................................................................... 9 3.1.3. Uncertainty on entry via the seed potato pathway .................................................................... 10 3.1.4. Results on entry via the flower bulb pathway ........................................................................... 10 3.1.5. Uncertainty on entry via the flower bulb pathway ..................................................................... 12 3.1.6. Overall conclusion on the assessment of entry for the different assessments .............................. 12 3.2. Establishment ........................................................................................................................ 12 3.2.1. Introduction to establishment.................................................................................................. 12 3.2.2. Further specification on the host range .................................................................................... 13 3.2.3. Survival of Ditylenchus destructor in soil .................................................................................. 15 3.2.4. Overall conclusion on establishment......................................................................................... 16 3.3. Spread .................................................................................................................................. 17 3.3.1. Introduction to spread ............................................................................................................ 17 3.3.1.1. Introduction to the seed potatoes pathway for spread .............................................................. 19 3.3.1.2. Introduction to the flower bulbs (tulips) pathway for spread...................................................... 19 3.3.2. Results on spread for the potato pathway ................................................................................ 20 3.3.3. Uncertainty on spread for the potato pathway.......................................................................... 21 3.3.4. Results on spread for the flower bulb pathway ......................................................................... 21 3.3.5. Uncertainty on spread for the flower bulb pathway ................................................................... 22 3.3.6. Overall conclusion on spread................................................................................................... 22 3.4. Impact .................................................................................................................................. 23 3.4.1. Introduction to impact ............................................................................................................ 23 3.4.1.1. Assessment of impact on potatoes........................................................................................... 23 3.4.2. Specification on soil treatments for managing Ditylenchus destructor ......................................... 24 3.4.3. Results
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