Occurrence of Ditylenchus Destructorthorne, 1945 on a Sand
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Nematode, Ditylenchus, Stem and Bulb, Meloidogyne, Root Knot
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF STEM AND ROOT KNOT NEMATODES r Becky B. Westerdahl1 Abstract: Plant parasitic nematodes are nonsegmented-microscopic roundworms which are frequently present in alfalfa fields. Although more than 10 different genera have been found in alfalfa fields in California, two (stem and bulb, and root knot) are most commonly associated with damage. A management plan to fit a particular growing situation should be developed using a combination of techniques including: planting site selection, certified seed, clean equipment, weed and irrigation management, resistant varieties, crop rotation, fallow, organic amendments and chemical nematicides. Ke~words nematode, Ditylenchus, stem and bulb, Meloidogyne, root knot, INTRODUCTION Plant parasitic nematodes are nonsegmented-microscopic roundworms which are frequently present in alfalfa fields. Whether or not alfalfa is to be planted in a nematode infested area, a grower should be knowledgeable about nematodes. If nematodes are present, both pre and postplant management strategies should be developed for pathogenic species. If an alfalfa field or a potential planting site is not infested, a grower should be aware of techniques available to prevent the introduction of harmful species. For growers to carry on a nematode pest management program they need to be familiar with (1) nematode biology; (2) symptoms and signs of nematode f damage; (3) how nematodes injure plants; (4) how to sample for nematodes; and (5) the principles underlying various management techniques including: planting site selection, the use of certified seed, the importance of using clean equipment and irrigation water, weed management, the use of resistant varieties, crop rotation, fallow, organic amendments, and chemical nematicides. -
Population Variability of Rotylenchulus Reniformis in Cotton Agroecosystems Megan Leach Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 12-2010 Population Variability of Rotylenchulus reniformis in Cotton Agroecosystems Megan Leach Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Leach, Megan, "Population Variability of Rotylenchulus reniformis in Cotton Agroecosystems" (2010). All Dissertations. 669. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/669 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POPULATION VARIABILITY OF ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS IN COTTON AGROECOSYSTEMS A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Plant and Environmental Sciences by Megan Marie Leach December 2010 Accepted by: Dr. Paula Agudelo, Committee Chair Dr. Halina Knap Dr. John Mueller Dr. Amy Lawton-Rauh Dr. Emerson Shipe i ABSTRACT Rotylenchulus reniformis, reniform nematode, is a highly variable species and an economically important pest in many cotton fields across the southeast. Rotation to resistant or poor host crops is a prescribed method for management of reniform nematode. An increase in the incidence and prevalence of the nematode in the United States has been reported over the -
Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management: a Review
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.8, No.1, 2018 Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management: A Review Misgana Mitiku Department of Plant Pathology, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Jinka, Agricultural Research Center, Jinka, Ethiopia Abstract Nowhere will the need to sustainably increase agricultural productivity in line with increasing demand be more pertinent than in resource poor areas of the world, especially Africa, where populations are most rapidly expanding. Although a 35% population increase is projected by 2050. Significant improvements are consequently necessary in terms of resource use efficiency. In moving crop yields towards an efficiency frontier, optimal pest and disease management will be essential, especially as the proportional production of some commodities steadily shifts. With this in mind, it is essential that the full spectrums of crop production limitations are considered appropriately, including the often overlooked nematode constraints about half of all nematode species are marine nematodes, 25% are free-living, soil inhabiting nematodes, I5% are animal and human parasites and l0% are plant parasites. Today, even with modern technology, 5-l0% of crop production is lost due to nematodes in developed countries. So, the aim of this work was to review some agricultural nematodes genera, species they contain and their management methods. In this review work the species, feeding habit, morphology, host and symptoms they show on the effected plant and management of eleven nematode genera was reviewed. -
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Columbia Lance Nematode
Ma et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:321 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04187-y Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access The complete mitochondrial genome of the Columbia lance nematode, Hoplolaimus columbus, a major agricultural pathogen in North America Xinyuan Ma1, Paula Agudelo1, Vincent P. Richards2 and J. Antonio Baeza2,3,4* Abstract Background: The plant-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus columbus is a pathogen that uses a wide range of hosts and causes substantial yield loss in agricultural felds in North America. This study describes, for the frst time, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. columbus from South Carolina, USA. Methods: The mitogenome of H. columbus was assembled from Illumina 300 bp pair-end reads. It was annotated and compared to other published mitogenomes of plant-parasitic nematodes in the superfamily Tylenchoidea. The phylogenetic relationships between H. columbus and other 6 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were examined using protein-coding genes (PCGs). Results: The mitogenome of H. columbus is a circular AT-rich DNA molecule 25,228 bp in length. The annotation result comprises 12 PCGs, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 19 transfer RNA genes. No atp8 gene was found in the mitog- enome of H. columbus but long non-coding regions were observed in agreement to that reported for other plant- parasitic nematodes. The mitogenomic phylogeny of plant-parasitic nematodes in the superfamily Tylenchoidea agreed with previous molecular phylogenies. Mitochondrial gene synteny in H. columbus was unique but similar to that reported for other closely related species. Conclusions: The mitogenome of H. columbus is unique within the superfamily Tylenchoidea but exhibits similarities in both gene content and synteny to other closely related nematodes. -
Biodiversity of Compost Mesofauna and Its Potential As an Indicator of the Composting Process Status
® Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant ©2011 Global Science Books Biodiversity of Compost Mesofauna and its Potential as an Indicator of the Composting Process Status Hanne Steel* • Wim Bert Nematology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT One of the key issues in compost research is to assess the quality and maturity of the compost. Biological parameters, especially based on mesofauna, have multiple advantages for monitoring a given system. The mesofauna of compost includes Isopoda, Myriapoda, Acari, Collembola, Oligochaeta, Tardigrada, Hexapoda, and Nematoda. This wide spectrum of organisms forms a complex and rapidly changing community. Up to the present, none of the dynamics, in relation to the composting process, of these taxa have been thoroughly investigated. However, from the mesofauna, only nematodes possess the necessary attributes to be potentially useful ecological indicators in compost. They occur in any compost pile that is investigated and in virtually all stages of the compost process. Compost nematodes can be placed into at least three functional or trophic groups. They occupy key positions in the compost food web and have a rapid respond to changes in the microbial activity that is translated in the proportion of functional (feeding) groups within a nematode community. Further- more, there is a clear relationship between structure and function: the feeding behavior is easily deduced from the structure of the mouth cavity and pharynx. Thus, evaluation and interpretation of the abundance and function of nematode faunal assemblages or community structures offers an in situ assessment of the compost process. -
Multi-Copy Alpha-Amylase Genes Are Crucial for Ditylenchus Destructor to Parasitize the Plant Host
PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE Multi-copy alpha-amylase genes are crucial for Ditylenchus destructor to parasitize the plant host Ling ChenID, Mengci Xu, Chunxiao Wang, Jinshui Zheng, Guoqiang Huang, Feng Chen, Donghai Peng, Ming Sun* State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Ditylenchus destructor is a migratory plant-parasitic nematode that causes huge damage to global root and tuber production annually. The main plant hosts of D. destructor contain plenty of starch, which makes the parasitic environment of D. destructor to be different from OPEN ACCESS those of most other plant-parasitic nematodes. It is speculated that D. destructor may harbor Citation: Chen L, Xu M, Wang C, Zheng J, Huang some unique pathogenesis-related genes to parasitize the starch-rich hosts. Herein, we G, Chen F, et al. (2020) Multi-copy alpha-amylase focused on the multi-copy alpha-amylase genes in D. destructor, which encode a key genes are crucial for Ditylenchus destructor to parasitize the plant host. PLoS ONE 15(10): starch-catalyzing enzyme. Our previously published D. destructor genome showed that it e0240805. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. has three alpha-amylase encoding genes, Dd_02440, Dd_11154, and Dd_13225. Compar- pone.0240805 ative analysis of alpha-amylases from different species demonstrated that the other plant- Editor: Sumita Acharjee, Assam Agricultural parasitic nematodes, even Ditylenchus dipsaci in the same genus, harbor only one or no University Faculty of Agriculture, INDIA alpha-amylase gene, and the three genes from D. -
Hirschmannia Ng Differentiated from Radopholusthorne, 1949
I Nemaiologica 7 (1962) : 197-202. Leiden, E. J. Brill HZRSCHMANNZA N.G. DIFFERENTIATED FROM RADOPHOLUS THORNE, 1949 (NEMATODA : TYLENCHOIDEA ) BY MICHEL LUC AND BASIL GOODEY O.R.S.T.O.M., I.D.E.R.T., Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire and Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, England respectively Re-examination of a specimen of Tylenchorhyyncbus spinicaitdattls Sch. Stek., 1944 showed it to be conspecific with Rudopholus 1avubr.i Luc, 1957. This is made the type of Hirschmannia n.g. which also contains H. gracilis n. comb, and H: oryzne n. comb. The lectotype of H. spizicaudata is redescribed and Rndopholur redefined. Schuurmans Stelthoven ( 1944) described two female nematodes, from material collected in the Albert National Park, former Belgian Congo, as Tylenchorhynchus spinicaadatas. The species has been overlooked by nematologists and subsequently not dealt with in either general or specialised papers, though Tarjan (1961) records it. One of us (M.L.) has recently examined one of the original specimens and found that, in two important respects, the original description was inadequate: 1 ) there is a considerable overlap of oesophagus and intestine instead of an abutted junction as figured by Schuurmans Stelchoven (Fig. 1 a, c); 2) the lateral field is 217 of the body-width and is areolated so that each of the four incisures is crenate (Schuurmans Stekhoven reported the lateral fields at 118 of the body- width and not crenate). These clarifications of the form of the oesophagus, combined with the shape of the head, spear and tail, indicate that the species should be transferred from Tylenchorhync,haJJO Radopholtu. -
A Synopsis of the Genera and Species in the Tylenchorhynchinae (Tylenchoidea, Nematoda)1
OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1973 123 Speer, C. A., and D. M. Hammond. 1970. tured bovine cells. J. Protozool. 18 (Suppl.): Development of Eimeria larimerensis from the 11. Uinta ground squirrel in cell cultures. Ztschr. Vetterling, J. M., P. A. Madden, and N. S. Parasitenk. 35: 105-118. Dittemore. 1971. Scanning electron mi- , L. R. Davis, and D. M. Hammond. croscopy of poultry coccidia after in vitro 1971. Cinemicrographic observations on the excystation and penetration of cultured cells. development of Eimeria larimerensis in cul- Ztschr. Parasitenk. 37: 136-147. A Synopsis of the Genera and Species in the Tylenchorhynchinae (Tylenchoidea, Nematoda)1 A. C. TARJAN2 ABSTRACT: The genera Uliginotylenchus Siddiqi, 1971, Quinisulcius Siddiqi, 1971, Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970, Ttjlenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913, Tetylenchus Filipjev, 1936, Nagelus Thome and Malek, 1968, and Geocenamus Thorne and Malek, 1968 are discussed. Keys and diagnostic data are presented. The following new combinations are made: Tetylenchus aduncus (de Guiran, 1967), Merlinius al- boranensis (Tobar-Jimenez, 1970), Geocenamus arcticus (Mulvey, 1969), Merlinius brachycephalus (Litvinova, 1946), Merlinius gaudialis (Izatullaeva, 1967), Geocenamus longus (Wu, 1969), Merlinius parobscurus ( Mulvey, 1969), Merlinius polonicus (Szczygiel, 1970), Merlinius sobolevi (Mukhina, 1970), and Merlinius tatrensis (Sabova, 1967). Tylenchorhynchus galeatus Litvinova, 1946 is with- drawn from the genus Merlinius. The following synonymies are made: Merlinius berberidis (Sethi and Swarup, 1968) is synonymized to M. hexagrammus (Sturhan, 1966); Ttjlenchorhynchus chonai Sethi and Swarup, 1968 is synonymized to T. triglyphus Seinhorst, 1963; Quinisulcius nilgiriensis (Seshadri et al., 1967) is synonymized to Q. acti (Hopper, 1959); and Tylenchorhynchus tener Erzhanova, 1964 is regarded a synonym of T. -
JOURNAL of NEMATOLOGY Morphological And
JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY Article | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-098 e2020-98 | Vol. 52 Morphological and molecular characterization of Heterodera dunensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh1,2,*, Gerrit Karssen1, 2, Marjolein Couvreur1 and Wim Bert1 Abstract 1Nematology Research Unit, Heterodera dunensis n. sp. from the coastal dunes of Gran Canaria, Department of Biology, Ghent Canary Islands, is described. This new species belongs to the University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat Schachtii group of Heterodera with ambifenestrate fenestration, 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. presence of prominent bullae, and a strong underbridge of cysts. It is characterized by vermiform second-stage juveniles having a slightly 2National Plant Protection offset, dome-shaped labial region with three annuli, four lateral lines, Organization, Wageningen a relatively long stylet (27-31 µm), short tail (35-45 µm), and 46 to 51% Nematode Collection, P.O. Box of tail as hyaline portion. Males were not found in the type population. 9102, 6700, HC, Wageningen, Phylogenetic trees inferred from D2-D3 of 28S, partial ITS, and 18S The Netherlands. of ribosomal DNA and COI of mitochondrial DNA sequences indicate *E-mail: PhougeishangbamRolish. a position in the ‘Schachtii clade’. [email protected] This paper was edited by Keywords Zafar Ahmad Handoo. 18S, 28S, Canary Islands, COI, Cyst nematode, ITS, Gran Canaria, Heterodera dunensis, Plant-parasitic nematodes, Schachtii, Received for publication Systematics, Taxonomy. September -
Theory Manual Course No. Pl. Path
NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Theory Manual INTRODUCTORY PLANT NEMATOLOGY Course No. Pl. Path 2.2 (V Dean’s) nd 2 Semester B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. PROF.R.R.PATEL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Dr.D.M.PATHAK, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Dr.R.R.WAGHUNDE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BHARUCH 392012 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION What are the nematodes? Nematodes are belongs to animal kingdom, they are triploblastic, unsegmented, bilateral symmetrical, pseudocoelomateandhaving well developed reproductive, nervous, excretoryand digestive system where as the circulatory and respiratory systems are absent but govern by the pseudocoelomic fluid. Plant Nematology: Nematology is a science deals with the study of morphology, taxonomy, classification, biology, symptomatology and management of {plant pathogenic} nematode (PPN). The word nematode is made up of two Greek words, Nema means thread like and eidos means form. The words Nematodes is derived from Greek words ‘Nema+oides’ meaning „Thread + form‟(thread like organism ) therefore, they also called threadworms. They are also known as roundworms because nematode body tubular is shape. The movement (serpentine) of nematodes like eel (marine fish), so also called them eelworm in U.K. and Nema in U.S.A. Roundworms by Zoologist Nematodes are a diverse group of organisms, which are found in many different environments. Approximately 50% of known nematode species are marine, 25% are free-living species found in soil or freshwater, 15% are parasites of animals, and 10% of known nematode species are parasites of plants (see figure at left). The study of nematodes has traditionally been viewed as three separate disciplines: (1) Helminthology dealing with the study of nematodes and other worms parasitic in vertebrates (mainly those of importance to human and veterinary medicine). -
Observations on the Genus Doronchus Andrássy
Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.91-98 International Journal of Nematology June, 2010 Occurrence and distribution of nematodes in Idaho crops Saad L. Hafez*, P. Sundararaj*, Zafar A. Handoo** and M. Rafiq Siddiqi*** *University of Idaho, 29603 U of I Lane, Parma, Idaho 83660, USA **USDA-ARS-Nematology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA ***Nematode Taxonomy Laboratory, 24 Brantwood Road, Luton, LU1 1JJ, England, UK E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Surveys were conducted in Idaho, USA during the 2000-2006 cropping seasons to study the occurrence, population density, host association and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with major crops, grasses and weeds. Eighty-four species and 43 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were recorded in soil samples from 29 crops in 20 counties in Idaho. Among them, 36 species are new records in this region. The highest number of species belonged to the genus Pratylenchus; P. neglectus was the predominant species among all species of the identified genera. Among the endoparasitic nematodes, the highest percentage of occurrence was Pratylenchus (29.7) followed by Meloidogyne (4.4) and Heterodera (3.4). Among the ectoparasitic nematodes, Helicotylenchus was predominant (8.3) followed by Mesocriconema (5.0) and Tylenchorhynchus (4.8). Keywords. Distribution, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Idaho, Meloidogyne, Mesocriconema, population density, potato, Pratylenchus, survey, Tylenchorhynchus, USA. INTRODUCTION and cropping systems in Idaho are highly conducive for nematode multiplication. Information concerning the revious reports have described the association of occurrence and distribution of nematodes in Idaho is plant-parasitic nematode species associated with important to assess their potential to cause economic damage P several crops in the Pacific Northwest (Golden et al., to many crop plants. -
ENFERMEDADES EN MELÓN, PATATA Y CEBOLLA
ENFERMEDADES EN MELÓN, PATATA y CEBOLLA UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE CARTAGENA ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERIA AGRONOMICA Departamento de Producción VEGETAL Campus Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48• 30203 Cartagena (ESPAÑA) Dr. Juan Antonio Martínez López Tel. 968-325765- Fax. 968-325433 Email: [email protected] Cartagena, 25 de marzo de 2014 CONSIDERACIONES GENERALES SOBRE LA SINTOMATOLOGÍA ASOCIADA A UNA ENFERMEDAD COMO CLAVE PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO CONCEPTO DE ENFERMEDAD La definición es un resumen que tenemos para aclararnos. No existe: Buena definición de enfermedad es (Comité de terminología de la Sociedad Americana de Fitopatología): Enfermedad es una disfunción de un proceso causada por una acción continuada con efectos deletéreos para el sistema viviente y resultante en la manifestación de síntomas. Las plantas presentarán enfermedad cuando una o varias de sus funciones sean alteradas por los organismos patógenos o por determinadas condiciones del medio. Las causas principales de enfermedad en las plantas son los organismos patógenos y los factores del ambiente físico. Otras definiciones no hacen hincapié en la naturaleza de la enfermedad sino en sus consecuencias (fitopatología aplicada): Enfermedad es toda alteración fisiológica o anormalidad estructural deletérea para una planta o para cualquiera de sus partes o productos que reduce su valor económico. En fitopatología, es normal asociar a un organismo como causa de una enfermedad (enfermedad infecciosa). Desde este punto de vista, enfermedad es una relación trófica colateral con beneficio unilateral hacia uno de los organismos. Resumen: Enfermedad en plantas es el mal funcionamiento de las células y tejidos del hospedante, debido al efecto continuo sobre estos últimos de un organismo patógeno o factor ambiental y que origina la aparición de los síntomas.