JOURNAL of NEMATOLOGY Morphological And
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JOURNAL of NEMATOLOGY Description of Heterodera
JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY Article | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-097 e2020-97 | Vol. 52 Description of Heterodera microulae sp. n. (Nematoda: Heteroderinae) from China a new cyst nematode in the Goettingiana group Wenhao Li1, Huixia Li1,*, Chunhui Ni1, Deliang Peng2, Yonggang Liu3, Ning Luo1 and Abstract 1 Xuefen Xu A new cyst-forming nematode, Heterodera microulae sp. n., was 1College of Plant Protection, Gansu isolated from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Microula sikkimensis Agricultural University/Biocontrol in China. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by Engineering Laboratory of Crop lemon-shaped body with an extruded neck and obtuse vulval cone. Diseases and Pests of Gansu The vulval cone of the new species appeared to be ambifenestrate Province, Lanzhou, 730070, without bullae and a weak underbridge. The second-stage juveniles Gansu Province, China. have a longer body length with four lateral lines, strong stylets with rounded and flat stylet knobs, tail with a comparatively longer hyaline 2 State Key Laboratory for Biology area, and a sharp terminus. The phylogenetic analyses based on of Plant Diseases and Insect ITS-rDNA, D2-D3 of 28S rDNA, and COI sequences revealed that the Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, new species formed a separate clade from other Heterodera species Chinese Academy of Agricultural in Goettingiana group, which further support the unique status of Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. H. microulae sp. n. Therefore, it is described herein as a new species 3Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu of genus Heterodera; additionally, the present study provided the first Academy of Agricultural Sciences, record of Goettingiana group in Gansu Province, China. -
Investigation of the Development of Root Lesion Nematodes, Pratylenchus Spp
Türk. entomol. derg., 2021, 45 (1): 23-31 ISSN 1010-6960 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/entoted.753614 E-ISSN 2536-491X Original article (Orijinal araştırma) Investigation of the development of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) in three chickpea cultivars Kök lezyon nematodlarının, Pratylenchus spp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) üç nohut çeşidinde gelişmesinin incelenmesi İrem AYAZ1 Ece B. KASAPOĞLU ULUDAMAR1* Tohid BEHMAND1 İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOĞLU1 Abstract In this study, penetration, population changes and reproduction rates of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924), Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) and Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae), at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 d after inoculation in chickpea Bari 2, Bari 3 (Cicer reticulatum Ladiz) and Cermi [Cicer echinospermum P.H.Davis (Fabales: Fabaceae)] were assessed in a controlled environment room in 2018-2019. No juveniles were observed in the roots in the first 3 d after inoculation. Although, population density of P. thornei reached the highest in Cermi (21 d), Bari 3 (42 d) and the lowest observed on Bari 2. Pratylenchus neglectus reached the highest population density in Bari 3 and Cermi on day 28. The population density of P. neglectus was the lowest in Bari 2. Also, population density of P. penetrans reached the highest in Bari 3 cultivar within 49 d, similar to P. thornei, whereas Bari 2 and Cermi had low population densities during the entire experimental period. Keywords: -
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Heterodera Schachtii and the Newly Recorded Cyst Nematode, H
Plant Pathol. J. 34(4) : 297-307 (2018) https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2017.0262 The Plant Pathology Journal pISSN 1598-2254 eISSN 2093-9280 ©The Korean Society of Plant Pathology Research Article Open Access Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Heterodera schachtii and the Newly Recorded Cyst Nematode, H. trifolii Associated with Chinese Cabbage in Korea Abraham Okki Mwamula1†, Hyoung-Rai Ko2†, Youngjoon Kim1, Young Ho Kim1, Jae-Kook Lee2, and Dong Woon Lee 1* 1Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea 2Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea (Received on December 23, 2017; Revised on March 6, 2018; Accepted on March 13, 2018) The sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii population whereas those of H. schachtii were strongly is a well known pathogen on Chinese cabbage in the detected in H. schachtii monoxenic cultures. Thus, this highland fields of Korea. However, a race of cyst form- study confirms the coexistence of the two species in ing nematode with close morphological resemblance to some Chinese cabbage fields; and the presence of H. tri- H. trifolii was recently isolated from the same Chinese folii in Korea is reported here for the first time. cabbage fields. Morphological species differentiation between the two cyst nematodes is challenging, with Keywords : infective juvenile, morphometrics, vulval cone only minor differences between them. Thus, this study described the newly intercepted H. trifolii population, Handling Associate Editor : Lee, Yong Hoon and reviewed morphological and molecular charac- teristics conceivably essential in differentiating the two nematode species. -
Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management: a Review
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.8, No.1, 2018 Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management: A Review Misgana Mitiku Department of Plant Pathology, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Jinka, Agricultural Research Center, Jinka, Ethiopia Abstract Nowhere will the need to sustainably increase agricultural productivity in line with increasing demand be more pertinent than in resource poor areas of the world, especially Africa, where populations are most rapidly expanding. Although a 35% population increase is projected by 2050. Significant improvements are consequently necessary in terms of resource use efficiency. In moving crop yields towards an efficiency frontier, optimal pest and disease management will be essential, especially as the proportional production of some commodities steadily shifts. With this in mind, it is essential that the full spectrums of crop production limitations are considered appropriately, including the often overlooked nematode constraints about half of all nematode species are marine nematodes, 25% are free-living, soil inhabiting nematodes, I5% are animal and human parasites and l0% are plant parasites. Today, even with modern technology, 5-l0% of crop production is lost due to nematodes in developed countries. So, the aim of this work was to review some agricultural nematodes genera, species they contain and their management methods. In this review work the species, feeding habit, morphology, host and symptoms they show on the effected plant and management of eleven nematode genera was reviewed. -
Occurrence of Ditylenchus Destructorthorne, 1945 on a Sand
Journal of Plant Protection Research ISSN 1427-4345 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Occurrence of Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945 on a sand dune of the Baltic Sea Renata Dobosz1*, Katarzyna Rybarczyk-Mydłowska2, Grażyna Winiszewska2 1 Entomology and Animal Pests, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland 2 Nematological Diagnostic and Training Centre, Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Vol. 60, No. 1: 31–40, 2020 Abstract DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2020.132206 Ditylenchus destructor is a serious pest of numerous economically important plants world- wide. The population of this nematode species was isolated from the root zone of Ammo- Received: July 11, 2019 phila arenaria on a Baltic Sea sand dune. This population’s morphological and morphomet- Accepted: September 27, 2019 rical characteristics corresponded to D. destructor data provided so far, except for the stylet knobs’ height (2.1–2.9 vs 1.3–1.8) and their arrangement (laterally vs slightly posteriorly *Corresponding address: sloping), the length of a hyaline part on the tail end (0.8–1.8 vs 1–2.9), the pharyngeal gland [email protected] arrangement in relation to the intestine (dorsal or ventral vs dorsal, ventral or lateral) and the appearance of vulval lips (smooth vs annulated). Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis confirmed the identity of D. destructor from a coastal dune. Keywords: Ammophila arenaria, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), potato rot nematode, 18S, 28S rDNA Introduction Nematodes from the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936, arachis Zhang et al., 2014, both of which are pests of are found in soil, in the root zone of arable and wild- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Ditylenchus destruc- -growing plants, and occasionally in the tissues of un- tor Thorne, 1945 which feeds on potato (Solanum tu- derground or aboveground parts (Brzeski 1998). -
Management Strategies for Control of Soybean Cyst Nematode and Their Effect on Nematode Community
Management Strategies for Control of Soybean Cyst Nematode and Their Effect on Nematode Community A Thesis SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Zane Grabau IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Dr. Senyu Chen June 2013 © Zane Grabau 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge my committee members John Lamb, Robert Blanchette, and advisor Senyu Chen for their helpful feedback and input on my research and thesis. Additionally, I would like to thank my advisor Senyu Chen for giving me the opportunity to conduct research on nematodes and, in many ways, for making the research possible. Additionally, technicians Cathy Johnson and Wayne Gottschalk at the Southern Research and Outreach Center (SROC) at Waseca deserve much credit for the hours of technical work they devoted to these experiments without which they would not be possible. I thank Yong Bao for his patient in initially helping to train me to identify free-living nematodes and his assistance during the first year of the field project. Similarly, I thank Eyob Kidane, who, along with Senyu Chen, trained me in the methods for identification of fungal parasites of nematodes. Jeff Vetsch from SROC deserves credit for helping set up the field project and advising on all things dealing with fertilizers and soil nutrients. I want to acknowledge a number of people for helping acquire the amendments for the greenhouse study: Russ Gesch of ARS in Morris, MN; SROC swine unit; and Don Wyse of the University of Minnesota. Thanks to the University of Minnesota Plant Disease Clinic for contributing information for the literature review. -
A Synopsis of the Genera and Species in the Tylenchorhynchinae (Tylenchoidea, Nematoda)1
OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 40, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1973 123 Speer, C. A., and D. M. Hammond. 1970. tured bovine cells. J. Protozool. 18 (Suppl.): Development of Eimeria larimerensis from the 11. Uinta ground squirrel in cell cultures. Ztschr. Vetterling, J. M., P. A. Madden, and N. S. Parasitenk. 35: 105-118. Dittemore. 1971. Scanning electron mi- , L. R. Davis, and D. M. Hammond. croscopy of poultry coccidia after in vitro 1971. Cinemicrographic observations on the excystation and penetration of cultured cells. development of Eimeria larimerensis in cul- Ztschr. Parasitenk. 37: 136-147. A Synopsis of the Genera and Species in the Tylenchorhynchinae (Tylenchoidea, Nematoda)1 A. C. TARJAN2 ABSTRACT: The genera Uliginotylenchus Siddiqi, 1971, Quinisulcius Siddiqi, 1971, Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970, Ttjlenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913, Tetylenchus Filipjev, 1936, Nagelus Thome and Malek, 1968, and Geocenamus Thorne and Malek, 1968 are discussed. Keys and diagnostic data are presented. The following new combinations are made: Tetylenchus aduncus (de Guiran, 1967), Merlinius al- boranensis (Tobar-Jimenez, 1970), Geocenamus arcticus (Mulvey, 1969), Merlinius brachycephalus (Litvinova, 1946), Merlinius gaudialis (Izatullaeva, 1967), Geocenamus longus (Wu, 1969), Merlinius parobscurus ( Mulvey, 1969), Merlinius polonicus (Szczygiel, 1970), Merlinius sobolevi (Mukhina, 1970), and Merlinius tatrensis (Sabova, 1967). Tylenchorhynchus galeatus Litvinova, 1946 is with- drawn from the genus Merlinius. The following synonymies are made: Merlinius berberidis (Sethi and Swarup, 1968) is synonymized to M. hexagrammus (Sturhan, 1966); Ttjlenchorhynchus chonai Sethi and Swarup, 1968 is synonymized to T. triglyphus Seinhorst, 1963; Quinisulcius nilgiriensis (Seshadri et al., 1967) is synonymized to Q. acti (Hopper, 1959); and Tylenchorhynchus tener Erzhanova, 1964 is regarded a synonym of T. -
Medit Cereal Cyst Nem Circ221
Nematology Circular No. 221 Fl. Dept. Agriculture & Cons. Svcs. November 2002 Division of Plant Industry The Mediterranean Cereal Cyst Nematode, Heterodera latipons: a Menace to Cool Season Cereals of the United States1 N. Greco2, N. Vovlas2, A. Troccoli2 and R.N. Inserra3 INTRODUCTION: Cool season cereals, such as hard and bread wheat, oats and barley, are among the major staple crops of economic importance worldwide. These monocots are parasitized by many pathogens and pests including plant parasitic nematodes. Among nematodes, cyst-forming nematodes (Heterodera spp.) are considered to be very damaging because of crop losses they induce and their worldwide distribution. The most economically important cereal cyst nematode species damaging winter cereals are: Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, which occurs in the United States and is the most widespread and damaging on a world basis; H. filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter, found in Europe and Mediterranean areas and most often confused with H. avenae; and H. hordecalis Andersson, which seems to be confined to central and north European countries. In the 1950s and early 1960s, a cyst nematode was detected in the Mediterranean region (Israel and Libya) on the roots of stunted wheat plants (Fig. 1 A,B). It was described as a new species and named H. latipons based on morphological characteristics of the Israel population (Franklin 1969). Subsequently, damage by H. latipons was reported on cereals in other Mediterranean countries (Fig. 1). MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DIAGNOSIS: Heterodera latipons cysts are typically ovoid to lemon-shaped as those of H. avenae. They belong to the H. avenae group be- cause they have short vulva slits (< 16 µm) (Figs. -
Theory Manual Course No. Pl. Path
NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Theory Manual INTRODUCTORY PLANT NEMATOLOGY Course No. Pl. Path 2.2 (V Dean’s) nd 2 Semester B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. PROF.R.R.PATEL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Dr.D.M.PATHAK, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Dr.R.R.WAGHUNDE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BHARUCH 392012 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION What are the nematodes? Nematodes are belongs to animal kingdom, they are triploblastic, unsegmented, bilateral symmetrical, pseudocoelomateandhaving well developed reproductive, nervous, excretoryand digestive system where as the circulatory and respiratory systems are absent but govern by the pseudocoelomic fluid. Plant Nematology: Nematology is a science deals with the study of morphology, taxonomy, classification, biology, symptomatology and management of {plant pathogenic} nematode (PPN). The word nematode is made up of two Greek words, Nema means thread like and eidos means form. The words Nematodes is derived from Greek words ‘Nema+oides’ meaning „Thread + form‟(thread like organism ) therefore, they also called threadworms. They are also known as roundworms because nematode body tubular is shape. The movement (serpentine) of nematodes like eel (marine fish), so also called them eelworm in U.K. and Nema in U.S.A. Roundworms by Zoologist Nematodes are a diverse group of organisms, which are found in many different environments. Approximately 50% of known nematode species are marine, 25% are free-living species found in soil or freshwater, 15% are parasites of animals, and 10% of known nematode species are parasites of plants (see figure at left). The study of nematodes has traditionally been viewed as three separate disciplines: (1) Helminthology dealing with the study of nematodes and other worms parasitic in vertebrates (mainly those of importance to human and veterinary medicine). -
NEMATODE MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS: from Bands to Barcodes
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Plant Pathology Plant Pathology Department 2004 NEMATODE MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS: From Bands to Barcodes Tom Powers Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/plantpathpapers Part of the Other Plant Sciences Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant Pathology Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Plant Pathology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 22 Jul 2004 20:31 AR AR221-PY42-15.tex AR221-PY42-15.sgm LaTeX2e(2002/01/18) P1: IKH 10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140348 Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2004. 42:367–83 doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140348 Copyright c 2004 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved First published online as a Review in Advance on May 14, 2004 NEMATODE MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS: From Bands to Barcodes Tom Powers Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0722; email: [email protected] KeyWords DNA barcode, plant parasitic nematodes, identification, 18S ribosomal DNA, internally transcribed spacer ■ Abstract Nematodes are considered among the most difficult animals to iden- tify. DNA-based diagnostic methods have already gained acceptance in applications ranging from quarantine determinations to assessments of biodiversity. Researchers are currently in an information-gathering mode, with intensive efforts applied to accu- mulating nucleotide sequence of 18S and 28S ribosomal genes, internally transcribed spacer regions, and mitochondrial genes. Important linkages with collateral data such as digitized images, video clips and specimen voucher web pages are being established on GenBank and NemATOL, the nematode-specific Tree of Life database. -
DNA Barcoding Evidence for the North American Presence of Alfalfa Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Medicaginis Tom Powers
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Plant Pathology Plant Pathology Department 8-4-2018 DNA barcoding evidence for the North American presence of alfalfa cyst nematode, Heterodera medicaginis Tom Powers Andrea Skantar Timothy Harris Rebecca Higgins Peter Mullin See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/plantpathpapers Part of the Other Plant Sciences Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant Pathology Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Plant Pathology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Tom Powers, Andrea Skantar, Timothy Harris, Rebecca Higgins, Peter Mullin, Saad Hafez, Zafar Handoo, Tim Todd, and Kirsten S. Powers JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY Article | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2019-016 e2019-16 | Vol. 51 DNA barcoding evidence for the North American presence of alfalfa cyst nematode, Heterodera medicaginis Thomas Powers1,*, Andrea Skantar2, Tim Harris1, Rebecca Higgins1, Peter Mullin1, Saad Hafez3, Abstract 2 4 Zafar Handoo , Tim Todd & Specimens of Heterodera have been collected from alfalfa fields 1 Kirsten Powers in Kearny County, Kansas and Carbon County, Montana. DNA 1University of Nebraska-Lincoln, barcoding with the COI mitochondrial gene indicate that the species is Lincoln NE 68583-0722. not Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode, H. schachtii, sugar beet cyst nematode, or H. trifolii, clover cyst nematode. Maximum 2 Mycology and Nematology Genetic likelihood phylogenetic trees show that the alfalfa specimens form a Diversity and Biology Laboratory sister clade most closely related to H. -
Heterodera Glycines
Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin (2018) 48 (1), 64–77 ISSN 0250-8052. DOI: 10.1111/epp.12453 European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Organisation Europe´enne et Me´diterrane´enne pour la Protection des Plantes PM 7/89 (2) Diagnostics Diagnostic PM 7/89 (2) Heterodera glycines Specific scope Specific approval and amendment This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Approved in 2008–09. Heterodera glycines.1 Revision approved in 2017–11. This Standard should be used in conjunction with PM 7/ 76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols. Terms used are those in the EPPO Pictorial Glossary of Morphological Terms in Nematology.2 (Niblack et al., 2002). Further information can be found in 1. Introduction the EPPO data sheet on H. glycines (EPPO/CABI, 1997). Heterodera glycines or ‘soybean cyst nematode’ is of major A flow diagram describing the diagnostic procedure for economic importance on Glycine max L. ‘soybean’. H. glycines is presented in Fig. 1. Heterodera glycines occurs in most countries of the world where soybean is produced. It is widely distributed in coun- 2. Identity tries with large areas cropped with soybean: the USA, Bra- zil, Argentina, the Republic of Korea, Iran, Canada and Name: Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952 Russia. It has been also reported from Colombia, Indonesia, Synonyms: none North Korea, Bolivia, India, Italy, Iran, Paraguay and Thai- Taxonomic position: Nematoda: Tylenchina3 Heteroderidae land (Baldwin & Mundo-Ocampo, 1991; Manachini, 2000; EPPO Code: HETDGL Riggs, 2004). Heterodera glycines occurs in 93.5% of the Phytosanitary categorization: EPPO A2 List no. 167 area where G. max L. is grown.