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Runmed March 2001 Bulletin No. 325 MARCH Bulletin 2001 RUNNYMEDE’S QUARTERLY Challenge and Change Since the release of our Commission’s report, The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain, Runnymede has been living in interesting times. Substantial and ongoing media coverage – from the enlivening to the repellent – has fueled the debate.Though the press has focused on some issues at the expense of others, numerous events organised to broaden the discussion continue to explore the Report’s substantial content, and international interest has been awakened. At such a moment, it is a great external organisations wishing to on cultural diversity in the honour for me to be taking over the arrange events. workplace, Moving on up? Racial Michelynn Directorship of Runnymede.The 3. A National Conference to Equality and the Corporate Agenda, a Laflèche, Director of the challenges for the next three years mark the first anniversary of the Study of FTSE-100 Companies,in Runnymede Trust are a stimulus for me and our Report’s launch is being arranged for collaboration with Schneider~Ross. exceptional team, and I am facing the final quarter of 2001, in which This publication continues to be in them with enthusiasm and optimism. we will review the responses to the high demand and follow-up work to Runnymede’s work programme Report over its first year. A new that programme is now in already reflects the key issues and element will be introduced at this development for launching in 2001. recommendations raised in the stage – how to move the debate Another key programme for Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain Report, beyond the United Kingdom to the Runnymede is our coverage of for which a full dissemination level of the European Union. European legislation and social policy. programme is planned over the next 4. A Second Anniversary An important vehicle for our work 18 months. Responding to the Conference, to take place in Europe, in this area has been the UK Race composite recommendations the is earmarked for October 2002. and Europe Network, which we Report makes to the Trust – on At the same time, we will have facilitated since 1996. In this dissemination, on organising and continue to develop Runnymede’s issue of the Bulletin we outline orchestrating public debate, and on existing programmes of work UKREN’s national consultation developing collaboration and alongside these new areas. process for September’s World partnership with other NGOs – A key component of our work Conference against Racism in Runnymede’s strategy will focus on a over the last two decades has been Durban, South Africa, in preparation number of key activities. education and the transition from for which we will be producing a 1. A Comprehensive Review of school to work. Having completed a number of briefing papers and Events and Coverage of the Report. substantial piece of research on reports. The first stage of our dissemination mentoring programmes for black Finally, we will continue to strategy is to map the already and minority ethnic youth, we are produce this quarterly Bulletin, remarkable volume of responses and publishing a research briefing paper supplemented with timely briefing activities for a full year from the in April/May of this year, followed papers. Long-term readers will have launch date (October 2000) and closely by a practitioners’ handbook noted changes to both its layout and publish a cumulative directory. in June/July 2001. In addition, we are content over the last year. Do let us 2. A Workshop / Seminar Series, revising our popular publication hear your views on the new running from June 2001 to May Equality Assurance in Schools to take approach we have adopted. 2002, is in the pipeline.These full account of Curriculum 2000.This From a personal point of view, I seminars will be organised in various new version will be published in am looking forward to providing locations across Great Britain and 2002, supported by a series of regular updates on Runnymede’s will cover the themes of the Report practitioner seminars to facilitate its work and events in these pages – in ways appropriate to each target use in the classroom. and to developing existing and new audience. In addition, Runnymede Many of you will recall that in partnerships with other will be working cooperatively with 2000 Runnymede launched a report organisations into the future. 9 ISSN: 0965-7762 RUNNYMEDE’S QUARTERLY BULLETIN MARCH 2001 1 How Representative Are MPs? Electoral experiences and expectations for black and minority ethnic candidates and voters From time to time since 1974 Runnymede has analysed the preparations for and results of General Elections – with particular emphasis on the years 1983, 1987, 1992 and 1997. Here GENERAL Omar Khan looks back at those earlier voting patterns and forward to what might be ELECTIONS achieved in a 2001 General Election, or even 2002. Notes Since 1987, when the first black ethnic candidate represent the candidate.This was reinforced by and minority ethnic MPs for nearly Conservative party in the postwar the SDP/Labour split, taking votes 1 Race and 1 Immigration 50 years were elected, there has era we have to wait until 1979. from both major parties but No 205 July been very little growth in their Table 2 charts the number of mainly from Labour, meaning that 1987. numbers returned to Parliament. candidates put up by (a) the Boateng finished only third with 2 Adapted from There are currently 10 black major political parties and (b) the 22% of the total vote. Amin & and minority ethnic MPs, all parties overall since 1970. Richardson, Labour, and the pattern of growth According to Runnymede’s Other 1983 candidates Politics for All since 1987 runs as in Table 1. (1991) analysis of electoral Of the remaining 17 BME (Runnymede behaviour and electoral strategy candidates in the 1983 election, 7 Trust, 1991). 1. Background Politics for All, all candidates fielded placed second, though all in 3 The following analysis of Until recently, the major political by the major parties before 1983 constituencies with large elections prior parties have fielded few black and were contesting seats that were majorities for the successful party. to 1997 draws minority ethnic candidates. Before clearly not winnable.The tendency Two Labour candidates, David extensively on 1987, the only black or Asian MP to field candidates in unwinnable Colin-Thone in Warrington South Runnymede to enter the House of Commons seats has continued and is and Ben Bosquet in Kensington, Bulletins in the in the 20th century was Shapurji examined below, as well as the fared best, both receiving various Saklatvala (Communist), who selection processes of the various approximately 30% of the total election years represented Battersea in 1924–9. parties. A brief rundown of the vote in safe Conservative seats. as well as After 1945, the first black or Asian experience of black and minority While three out of the four Marian FitzGerald, candidate to contest a ethnic candidates since 1983, both Conservative candidates finished Black People parliamentary seat was fielded in in being selected for and in in second place, the highest vote and Party 1950 by the Liberal party, but it contesting seats, gives a profile of percentage was for Ms H Politics was 1959 before the Labour General Election voting patterns Gardener in Newham North East (Runnymede party’s first postwar black or and influences on the UK with 28%, and none of the Trust, 1987) minority ethnic candidate. population as a whole. candidates was considered to and Politics for No major party fielded a black have a chance of displacing the All or minority ethnic candidate in 2. Past Election Experiences Labour party. Of the eight black (Runnymede the elections of 1964 and 1966, and Trends and minority ethnic candidates Trust, 1991). and to see a black or minority 1983:West Hertfordshire3 fielded by the then Liberal/SDP In 1983, Labour fielded Paul Alliance, the most of any political Table 1. Number of Black and Minority Ethnic Boateng as a seemingly legitimate party, only one finished in second (BME) MPs returned to Parliament 1987–97 winner for this Labour-held seat. place, Zerbanoo Gifford in However, the Labour majority was Hertsmere with 25% of the vote. Election MPs Details very small, some 700 votes, and Ye a r depended in part on the 1987: Four MPs – first in nearly 1987 4 • All Labour personality and popularity of the 50 years • All representing previous MP Shirley Williams who, The General Election of 1987 saw metropolitan constituencies as a founding member and then the first black or Asian MPs win a 1992 6 • All sitting MPs from 1987 President of the Social seat in nearly 50 years. All four of returned with increased Democratic party (founded the elected MPs were from the majorities 1981), was contesting Crosby for Labour party.Three of the four • First ever BME her new party. In the context of represented safe London Conservative MP the Conservative landslide in 1983 constituencies: Diane Abbott 1997 9* • All Labour and the tendency for new-town (Hackney North and Stoke areas to vote Conservative at the Newington), Paul Boateng (Brent • First non-metropolitan BME MP 1983 general election, it has been South), and Bernie Grant argued that West Hertfordshire (Tottenham); with Keith Vaz in *The 10th BME MP,Mark Hendrick, was elected at the was probably not a winnable seat Leicester East. Preston by-election in November 2000 for Labour, regardless of the All of the London candidates 2 RUNNYMEDE’S QUARTERLY BULLETIN MARCH 2001 saw their Labour majorities majority to just 456 votes in Other candidates reduced, with the largest swing Nottingham East. In most other Conservatives: Of the seven (6.7% to the Conservatives) being cases, the Labour candidate was candidates who failed to win a in Tottenham.
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