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FOCUS Or WOM ~JLI~I~Th C&2YAOM Vol ~. I c&:ffzA9m Vol. 1 No. 4 REPI February 1986 I FOCUS or WOM ~JLI~I~Th C&2YAOM Vol. 1 No. 4 REPORT February 1986 Contents Editorial .......... ........................ 1 South African Women Organizing .... .............. 2 Let Us Build Each Other Up ..... .............. .. 11 Women in the Bata-stan ....... ................ 12 Southern Africa Divestment at York University ...... ............. 14 REPORT Dalhousie Divests ...... ................... .. 15 is produced 5 times a year by a vol The University of Toronto and South Africa ... ....... 16 unteer collective of the Toronto Com mittee for the Liberation of Southern The U.S. Scene: Africa (TCLSAC), Shell Pickets & Savimbi Visit ... ............ ... 19 427 Bloor St. W. Toronto, M5S 1X7 South African Notebook: Tel. (416) 967-5562. Talks? Submissions, suggestions and help COSATU Speaks Out with production are welcome and in Buthelezi: The Immoderate "Moderate" vited. Creating Disorder ..... ................. .. 21 The Rewriting of South African History .. ......... .. 25 Subscriptions Part of My Soul ....... ................... .27 Annual TCLSAC membership and Southern Africa REPORT subscrip Our Readers Write ....... .................. .. 29 tion rates are as follows: SUBSCRIPTION: Individual .......... .$15.00 Institution .......... .$30.00 MEMBERSHIP: (includes subscription) Contributors Regular (Canada) ....... $30.00 Jonathan Barker, Nancy Barker, Claudette Unemployed Chase, Student .. ......... .. $15.00 Shirani George, Lee Hemingway, Susan Hurlich, Senior Jo Lee, Meg Luxton, H6lne Castel Moussa, $50.00 John Saul, Doug Sider, Heather Speers, Sustainer ..... .......... to Joe Vise, Mary Vise. $200.00 Overseas add $5.00 Cover photo by Margie Bruun-Meyer 1=09nMIL Women and the South African Liberation Struggle The lead article in this, our Interna tional Women's Day issue of South ern Africa REPORT, describes the involvement of women in the lib eration movement in South Africa. Tracing the impressive legacy of women's activism, the article gives particular attention to the forms and content of women's struggles today. It draws on recent writ ing (some of it reviewed in South ern Africa REPORT Vol. 1, No. 2) which gives a clear sense of the issues women in South Africa confront, how they organize, how they struggle, and the gender spe cific oppressions they bear under apartheid. The article is a long one because women have a long and many-stranded history in the poli tics of freedom in South Africa. Implicit in the lead article on .women organizing" and in some of the other pieces on women un der apartheid - working for Bata in Kwazulu, creating a play in Cross roads, being Winnie Mandela - are the themes of a lively debate about WHEN in the evolving liberation movement is the right moment to raise issues specific to the experience of women. At the Nairobi Women's Conference, a representative from the South African liberation move ment said: "Our enemy is the sys tem and we cannot exhaust our en ergies on women's issues." That Now. For we don't want to wake by women will continue to be de the presentation of such a position up in years to come and find that bated in South Africa, of course, and is not confined to international con women have been left behind in the future issues of Southern Africa RE ferences is clear from the words of struggle. PORT will seek to keep in touch Amanda Kwadi of the Federation of There is less controversy re with that debate. What the present South African Women: garding the parallel debate about article does make crystal clear is the fact that the iron cage of apartheid We're in whether or not to have separate the middle of a liberation twists the lives of women in spe struggle, but women's liberation is women's organizations: very few women dissent from the idea of cific ways which do give them spe not necessary at this stage. We are cial needs and special insights in the far more concerned about total lib "fighting side by side with our men", but at the same time there is general struggle to overthrow it. Moreover, eration; and automatically our own whatever the outcome of ongoing will follow. acceptance of the need for separate organizations "to take up the prob debates about women's action, such the article's most Yet many other women, in the lems which only we as women face". action - and this is trade union movement for example, important point - is already hap and elsewhere, have a different view The terms and timing of ques pening: women are organizing and of when women's issues should be tions related to women's unity with raising their voices and their issues pushed: men and the best process of action in the struggle. Southern Africa REPORT february 1986 1 W(DM(NM1 South African Women Organizing "Now is the time for women to say: A closer look at the struggles We will hold hands together and and organization of South African change the country," declared Al women reveals that they are very bertina Sisulu at a recent South clearly structured by the context of African Women's Day rally in Jo the broad resistance movement. At hannesburg. There has been a the same time, however, women's revival, since the early 1980s, of struggles have helped to shape that women's organization within the movement. Women's resistance has broadly defined liberation move raised new issues for the liberation ment in South Africa. The Federa o movement, or has raised old issues tion of South African Women (FED in different ways, ways that reflect SAW), dormant for some twenty the perspective of women and their years, has been resurrected and is specific oppression under apartheid. active in the Transvaal. The United ,_"You Have Struck a Rock": Women's Organization (UWO) was 5 Women's Struggles in the 1950s formed in Cape Town in 1981. The Z launching of the United Democratic Women's organizations today owe a) much to the legacy of the Front (UDF) in 1983 prompted the previous formation of other women's organi > period of massive political activity zations, as affiliates, in other cen N by women of all classes and races. tres. Black Women Unite is an affil Women who were active in the Fed iate of the black-exclusive National eration of South African Women Forum. during the 1950s have been centrally "Now is the time for involved in forming the current or 1984 marked a highpoint of ac women to say: We will ganizations. Many of the present tivity for the women's organiza hold hands together and leaders are in fact veterans of that tions. The 30th anniversary of proud era. The distinctive green FEDSAW was widely commemo change the country." and black uniforms of today's or rated and, in the main cities, "fo ganizations date from the 1950s and cus weeks" on "women in the Albertina Sisulu the Women's Charter, the manifesto anti-apartheid struggle" were held, of FEDSAW, is today being dis to culminate in mass Women, shot and hacked to death. rallies on cussed by women who regard it as Women's Day, August 9th. The The recent revival of women's being as relevant today as it was ANC Women's Section, reflecting organizations and renewed activism thirty years ago. the revival, held its first women's in the liberation struggle is clearly conference in Angola in 1981, and an aspect of the general upsurge By the 1950s, all the major or 1984 was declared the Year of of anti-apartheid resistance. But ganizations of the resistance move Women. The ANC Women's Sec is that all it is? The political in ment (including the trade unions) tion called for a national women's volvement of women tends to be pre had active female members who par conference to launch a united, sented - by the liberation movement ticipated in the numerous demon democratic women's front, paral and its supporters - in terms of strations, strikes and campaigns lel to the UDF and the then pro numbers ("mobilizing the other half that marked the post-war years. It posed trade union congress. While of the population") or as "drawing was these women who came to there is coordination between the women into the struggle", implying gether to form FEDSAW in 1954, women's organization affiliated with that the struggle has a fixed con to mobilize around the specific prob the UDF, there is as yet no national tent. Even those who don't take the lems of women under the apartheid women's federation. Since the pe class content of the liberation move regime and to fight against the gen riod of intense repression that began ment for granted, somehow overlook der attitudes and relations that were "putting brakes to progress", toward the end of 1984, many lead its gender content. And so we get pre ers of the women's organizations, the question of women in the lib venting women from taking their particularly those in the UDF, have eration movement discussed in the part in the struggle. FEDSAW was been detained, or in the case of Vic add-on' terms so familiar to women to note in a report that toria Mxenge, executive member of elsewhere who are treated more or Many men who are politically ac NOW, the Natal Organization of less as an afterthought. tive and progressive in outlook still 2 february 1986 Southern Africa REPORT The issue around which FED SAW mobilised massive support from amongst African and other women was the extension of passes and, by implication, pass laws, to women. This was effected in 1952 by the euphemistically titled Native (Abolition of Passes and Coordina tion of Documents) Act, which abol ished passes in name only, replacing them with the more efficient "refer ence books".
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