DOCSLIB.ORG

This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LACUNAR STROKE: ISCHAEMIC STROKE OR BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER DYSFUNCTION? EMMA LOUISE BAILEY BSc Hons Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh 2011 CONTENTS Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................i Declaration ...............................................................................................................iii Publications ………………………………………………………………………..iv List of figures ………………………………………………………………………v List of tables …………………………………………………………………….....xi Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………xiv List of abbreviations ………………………………………………………………xvi CHAPTER 1 :GENERAL INTRODUCTION........................................................ 1 1.1 Stroke – why is it important?.............................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Disability and recurrence ............................................................................ 1 1.1.2 What constitutes a stroke?........................................................................... 1 1.2 Anatomy of stroke................................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 The cerebral blood supply........................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Autoregulation............................................................................................. 3 1.3 The effect of ischaemia on different vascular territories determines the clinical classification of stroke subtypes................................................................... 4 1.4 Lacunar Stroke..................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Clinical Syndromes ..................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 Prognosis..................................................................................................... 7 1.4.3 Risk Factors................................................................................................. 7 1.4.4 Brain and vascular territory......................................................................... 7 1.5 The appearance of acute lacunar lesions on imaging (see figure 1.4). .......... 10 Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh 1.5.1 Cavitation of lacunar lesions..................................................................... 11 1.6 The wider implications and features of disease in the small deep perforating arterioles.................................................................................................................... 12 1.7 General Pathophysiology................................................................................... 13 1.7.1 Parenchymal lesions.................................................................................. 13 1.7.2 Vascular pathology.................................................................................... 14 1.8 What causes lacunar stroke? Evidence for a distinct arteriopathy............... 16 1.9 The problems of studying lacunar stroke pathology. ..................................... 17 1.9.1 Why would an animal model be useful?................................................... 18 1.10 Systematic Reviews – the value of and design ............................................... 19 1.11 Aims of the thesis.............................................................................................. 20 CHAPTER 2 : HUMAN LACUNAR STROKE PATHOLOGY – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW........................................................................................ 21 2.1 Background......................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Materials and methods ...................................................................................... 21 2.2.1 Search strategy .......................................................................................... 21 2.2.2 Inclusion/Exclusion criteria ...................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Data extraction .......................................................................................... 22 2.2.4 Study quality ............................................................................................. 23 2.2.5 Data analysis ............................................................................................. 24 2.3 Results ................................................................................................................. 25 2.3.1 Search results ............................................................................................ 25 2.3.2 Study characteristics.................................................................................. 25 Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh 2.3.3 Pathological assessments .......................................................................... 32 2.3.4 Terminology and definitions..................................................................... 32 2.3.5 Study quality score.................................................................................... 32 2.3.6 Pathological findings................................................................................ 33 2.3.7 Vascular lesions ....................................................................................... 36 2.4 Discussion............................................................................................................ 39 2.4.1 Strengths & weaknesses of the review and primary studies: .................... 40 2.4.2 Interpretation............................................................................................. 41 2.5 Conclusion........................................................................................................... 42 CHAPTER 3 : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF POTENTIAL ANIMAL MODELS OF LACUNAR STROKE. .................................................................... 43 3.1 Background......................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Materials and Methods...................................................................................... 43 3.2.1 Study Identification................................................................................... 43 3.2.2 Search Strategy.......................................................................................... 44 3.2.3 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria............................................................... 44 3.2.4 Data Extraction.......................................................................................... 45 3.2.5 Study Quality Assessment ........................................................................ 45 3.3 Results ................................................................................................................. 46 3.3.1 Methodological characteristics of included studies .................................. 46 3.3.2 Lesion induction methods ......................................................................... 49 3.4 Discussion............................................................................................................ 55 3.5 Conclusion........................................................................................................... 58 Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh CHAPTER 4 : THE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE STROKE PRONE RAT AS A MODEL OF SUBCORTICAL ISCHAEMIC STROKE. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW........................................................................................ 59 4.1 Background......................................................................................................... 59 4.2 Materials and Methods...................................................................................... 60 4.2.1 Search strategy .......................................................................................... 60 4.2.2 Data extraction .......................................................................................... 60 4.2.3 Study quality ............................................................................................. 60 4.3 Results ................................................................................................................. 61 4.3.1 The available literature.............................................................................. 61 4.3.2 Study methodology ................................................................................... 63 4.3.3 Structural Pathological Findings - Brain parenchyma (Figure. 4.4):........ 65 4.3.4 Structural findings: Vessels (Figure 4.5.) ................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Johnson Matthey Technology Review
    ISSN 2056-5135 JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW Johnson Matthey’s international journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications Volume 59, Issue 4, October 2015 Published by Johnson Matthey www.technology.matthey.com © Copyright 2015 Johnson Matthey Johnson Matthey Technology Review is published by Johnson Matthey Plc. All rights are reserved. Material from this publication may be reproduced for personal use only but may not be offered for re-sale or incorporated into, reproduced on, or stored in any website, electronic retrieval system, or in any other publication, whether in hard copy or electronic form, without the prior written permission of Johnson Matthey. Any such copy shall retain all copyrights and other proprietary notices, and any disclaimer contained thereon, and must acknowledge Johnson Matthey Technology Review and Johnson Matthey as the source. No warranties, representations or undertakings of any kind are made in relation to any of the content of this publication including the accuracy, quality or fi tness for any purpose by any person or organisation. www.technology.matthey.com JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW www.technology.matthey.com Johnson Matthey’s international journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications Contents Volume 59, Issue 4, October 2015 291 Guest Editorial: Water Technologies at Johnson Matthey By Nick Garner 293 “Heavy Metals in Water: Presence, Removal and Safety” A book review by Edward Rosenberg 298 “Particle-Stabilized Emulsions and Colloids: Formation and Applications” A book review by Cecilia Bernardini 303 Interplay between Silver and Gold Nanoparticles in Production of Hydrogen from Methanol By Hany M. AbdelDayem 313 Carbon Formation in Steam Reforming and Effect of Potassium Promotion By Mikael Carlsson 319 “Electrochemical Power Sources: Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors” A book review by Billy Wu 322 Selective Removal of Mercury from Gold Bearing Streams By James G.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Permit Application
    Un; iy^\ tea 0 9 o Operation Permit Application Located at: 2002 North Orient Road Tampa, Florida 33619 (813) 623-5302 o Training Program TRAINING PROGRAM for Universal Waste & Transit Orient Road Tampa, Florida m ^^^^ HAZARDOUS WAb 1 P.ER^AlTTlNG TRAINING PROGRAM MASTER INDEX CHAPTER 1: Introduction Tab A CHAPTER 2: General Safety Manual Tab B CHAPTER 3: Protective Clothing Guide Tab C CHAPTER 4: Respiratory Training Program Tab D APPENDIX 1: Respiratory Training Program II Tab E CHAPTER 5: Basic Emergency Training Guide Tab F CHAPTER 6: Facility Operations Manual Tab G CHAPTER 7: Land Ban Certificates Tab H CHAPTER 8: Employee Certification Statement Tab. I CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION prepared by Universal Waste & Transit Orient Road Tampa Florida Introducti on STORAGE/TREATMENT PERSONNEL TRAINING PROGRAM All personnel involved in any handling, transportation, storage or treatment of hazardous wastes are required to start the enclosed training program within one-week after the initiation of employment at Universal Waste & Transit. This training program includes the following: Safety Equipment Personnel Protective Equipment First Aid & CPR Waste Handling Procedures Release Prevention & Response Decontamination Procedures Facility Operations Facility Maintenance Transportation Requirements Recordkeeping We highly recommend that all personnel involved in the handling, transportation, storage or treatment of hazardous wastes actively pursue additional technical courses at either the University of South Florida, or Tampa Junior College. Recommended courses would include general chemistry; analytical chemistry; environmental chemistry; toxicology; and additional safety and health related topics. Universal Waste & Transit will pay all registration, tuition and book fees for any courses which are job related. The only requirement is the successful completion of that course.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
    Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride
    [Show full text]
  • Lntwrattti Nx Aremta College of Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Station
    Base Exchange in Orthoclase Item Type text; Book Authors Breazeale, J. F.; Magistad, O. C. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 23/09/2021 18:51:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190615 Technical Bulletin No. 24 August 1, 1928 lntwrattti nx Aremta College of Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Station BASE EXCHANGE IN ORTHOCLASE J. F. BRK\ZF\Lb AND O. C. PUBLISHED BY of Arizona UNIVERSITY STATION TUCSON, ARIZONA ORGANIZATION BOARD OF REGENTS EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS HIS EXCELLENCY, GEORGE W. P. HUNT, Governor of Arizona Phoenix HON. CHARLES O. CASE, State Superintendent of Public Instruction - Phoenix APPOINTED MEMBERS HON. ROBERT E. TALLY, Chancellor ______ Jerome HON. LOUIS R. KEMPF, LL.B., Secretary _ _ Tucson HON. CLEVE W. VAN DYKE 1 - Miami HON. CHARLES M. LAYTON Safford HON. GEORGE M. BRIDGE - Somerton HON. ROY KIRKPATRICK _ _ ___ Globe HON. THEODORA MARSH, Treasurer _ . _. Nog-ales HON. FRANKLIN J. CRIDER, M.S - -. Superior HOMER LEROY SHANTZ, Ph.D., Sc.D.__ President of the University AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION JOHN J. THORNBER, A.M Dean and Director JAMES G. BROWN, Ph.D - - Plant Pathologic WALKER E. BRYAN, M.S Plant Breeder PAUL S. BURGESS, Ph.D Agricultural Chemist WALTERS. CUNNINGHAM, B.S Dairy Husbandman HARRY EMBLETON, B.S.- - Poultry Husbandman RALPH S. HAWKINS. M.S Agronomist ALLEN F. KINNISON, M.S Horticulturist GEORGE E. P. SMITH, C.E. Africultural Engineer ERNESTS. STANLEY, M.S Animal Husbandman CHARLES T. VORHIES, Ph.D Entomologist *JAMES F.
    [Show full text]
  • Salts of Oxometallic Or Peroxometallic Acids 2841 Fifth Edition
    28.41 28.41 - Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids. 2841.30 - Sodium dichromate 2841.50 - Other chromates and dichromates; peroxochromates - Manganites, manganates and permanganates : 2841.61 - - Potassium permanganate 2841.69 - - Other 2841.70 - Molybdates 2841.80 - Tungstates (wolframates) 2841.90 - Other This heading covers the salts of oxometallic and peroxometallic acids (corresponding to metal oxides which constitute anhydrides). The main groups of compounds covered by this heading are : (1) Aluminates. Derivatives of aluminium hydroxide. (a) Sodium aluminate. Obtained by treating bauxite with sodium hydroxide solution. Occurs as a white powder soluble in water, in aqueous solutions or in paste form. Used as a mordant in dyeing (alkaline mordant); in the preparation of lakes; for sizing paper; as a filler for soap; for hardening plaster; for manufacturing opaque glass; for purifying industrial water, etc. (b) Potassium aluminate. Prepared by dissolving bauxite in potassium hydroxide. White, micro-crystalline masses, hygroscopic and soluble in water. Same uses as sodium aluminate. (c) Calcium aluminate. Obtained by the fusion of bauxite and calcium oxide in an electric furnace; white powder, insoluble in water. Used in dyeing (mordant); for purifying industrial water (ion exchanger); in paper-making (sizing); in the manufacture of glass, soap, special cements, polishing preparations and other aluminates. (d) Chromium aluminate. Obtained by heating a mixture of aluminium oxide, calcium fluoride and ammonium dichromate. Ceramic colour. (e) Cobalt aluminate. Prepared from sodium aluminate and a cobalt salt. It constitutes, either pure or mixed with aluminium oxide, cobalt blue (Thenard’s blue). Used in the preparation of cerulean blue (with zinc aluminate), azure blue, smalt blue, Saxony blue, Sèvres blue, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIATE Version 5.1 Database Development Documentation
    Addendum SPECIATE Version 5.1 Database Development Documentation June 2020 EPA/600/R-20/189 EPA SPECIATE Workgroup US Environmental Protection Agency Abt Associates EPA Contract No. EP-BPA-17H-0012 The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. EPA. This document has gone through review process within the Agency and is cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Abt Associates Report Title Insert Date ▌1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary EPA is releasing an updated version of the SPECIATE database, SPECIATE 5.1, about a year after the release of SPECIATE 5.0. In lieu of full documentation, this document provides highlights of the revisions to SPECIATE 5.0. Full documentation of the SPECIATE program can be found in the SPECIATE documentation section of EPA’s air emissions modeling website. SPECIATE is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) repository of speciation profiles of air pollution sources that provide the species makeup or composition of organic gas, particulate matter (PM) and other pollutants emitted from these sources. Some of the many uses of these source profiles include: (1) creating speciated emissions inventories for regional haze, PM, greenhouse gas (GHG), and photochemical air quality modeling; (2) adding PM species in the EPA’s National Emissions Inventory (NEI); (3) developing black carbon assessments and particulate carbonaceous inventories; (4) estimating air toxic pollutant emissions from PM and organic gas primary emissions; (5) providing input to chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor models; and, (6) verifying profiles derived from ambient measurements by multivariate receptor models (e.g., factor analysis and positive matrix factorization).
    [Show full text]
  • Human Health Risk Assessment for Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, and Aluminium Hydroxide
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications Pharmaceutical Sciences 2007 Human Health Risk Assessment for Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, and Aluminium Hydroxide Daniel Krewski University of Ottawa, Canada Robert A. Yokel University of Kentucky, [email protected] Evert Nieboer McMaster University, Canada David Borchelt University of Florida See next page for additional authors Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ps_facpub Part of the Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons Authors Daniel Krewski, Robert A. Yokel, Evert Nieboer, David Borchelt, Joshua Cohen, Jean Harry, Sam Kacew, Joan Lindsay, Amal M. Mahfouz, and Virginie Rondeau Human Health Risk Assessment for Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, and Aluminium Hydroxide Notes/Citation Information Published in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews, v. 10, supplement 1, p. 1-269. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews on April 7, 2011, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10937400701597766. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC The copyright holders have granted the permission for posting the article here. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10937400701597766 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ps_facpub/57 This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews on April 7, 2011, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10937 400701597766.
    [Show full text]
  • Action of Caustic Hydroxides Upon Aluminum
    Scholars' Mine Bachelors Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 1899 Action of caustic hydroxides upon aluminum Herbert Fordyce. Rogers Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/bachelors_theses Part of the Chemistry Commons, and the Metallurgy Commons Department: Chemistry; Materials Science and Engineering Recommended Citation Rogers, Herbert Fordyce., "Action of caustic hydroxides upon aluminum" (1899). Bachelors Theses. 357. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/bachelors_theses/357 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars' Mine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bachelors Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholars' Mine. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FOR THE Degree of Bachelor· of Science IN u _ H. F. ROCERS, 1899~ .Action of Caustic Hydroxidas Upon Aluminium. ACTION OF CAUS~lIC HYDROXIDES UPON ALU1~INIUM. It is commolzly stated,in the text books, that caustic soda and caustic potash dissolve aluminium with the evolution of hydrogen and formatiol1 of all1mil1ates. A number of alurninates have been obtailzed by treating the oxide or hydroxide of aluminillln with alkalies either in solutio!! or in the fused state. Thus Unverdorben :# gives all aCCOlult of the preparation of potassium aluminate by treating aluminium with a solution of caustic potash. He says that the solution saturates itself almost completely, though there always remains some free potash. He separates this from the aluminate by washing with alchol after evaporating to dryness. No data were given but he claims the compound contained.
    [Show full text]
  • Circular of the Bureau of Standards No
    DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF STANDARDS George K. Burgess, Director CIRCULAR OF THE BUREAU OF STANDARDS, No. 14S SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL METHODS FOR THE UTILIZATION OF MOLASSES COLLATED FROM PATENT LITERATURE January 28, 1924 PRICE, IS CENTS Sold only by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Ptintine Office Washineton, D. C. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1924 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF STANDARDS George K. Burgess, Director CIRCULAR OF THE BUREAU OF STANDARDS, No. 145 SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL METHODS FOR THE UTILIZATION OF MOLASSES , COLLATED FROM PATENT LITERATURE January 28, 1924 PRICE, 15 CENTS Sold only by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFiCE 1924 SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL METHODS FOR THE UTILI¬ ZATION OF MOLASSES. COLLATED FROM PATENT LITERATURE. ABSTRACT. Economic conditions the world over have made it generally recognized that the future of the American beet-sugar industry is to a great extent dependent on the profitable utilization of the molasses produced. The latter contains numerous val¬ uable substances which have never been successfully recovered outside of Germany. For many years that country has seen fit to veil its developments and discoveries and to maintain the strictest secrecy regarding the operation of its molasses plants. The scientific literature on the subject is practically barren, so far as the actual results achieved in Germany are concerned. In order to carry out the necessary experi¬ mental work for the American industry every possible source of information has been investigated. After a few clues were obtained the United States Patent Office liter¬ ature was searched and eventually over 1,000 German patents on molasses utilization and associated subjects were uncovered.
    [Show full text]
  • Processes of Producing Potassium Fluoroaluminates
    Europaisches Patentamt European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets © Publication number : 0 597 652 A1 EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (2j) Application number : 93308900.5 © int. ci.5: C01F 7/54, B23K 35/363 (22) Date of filing : 08.11.93 © Priority: 09.11.92 US 973721 Inventor : Kumar, Sampath H. 11323 E. 23th Street Apt. 18-8 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74129 (US) @ Date of publication of application : Inventor : Bhagat, Sudhir S. 18.05.94 Bulletin 94/20 8810 South Delaware, Apt. 5 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74137 (US) Inventor : Contractor, Dinshaw B. @ Designated Contracting States : 8910 E. Marshall Place BE DE FR GB Tulsa, Oklahoma 74115 (US) Inventor : Meshri, Sanjay 2621 E. 46th Street © Applicant : ADVANCE RESEARCH Tulsa, Oklahoma 74105 (US) CHEMICALS, INC. 1085 Fort Gibson Road Catoosa, OK 74015 (US) (74) Representative : Mock, Hans et al MARKS & CLERK, Suite 301, Sunlight House, Quay Street (72) Inventor : Meshri, Dayal T. Manchester M3 3JY (GB) 2621 E. 46th Street Tulsa, Oklahoma 74105 (US) © Processes of producing potassium fluoroaluminates. (57) Potassium tetrafluoroaluminate and potassium hexafluoroaluminate have been produced by three new processes : (a) by reacting alumina trihydrate with freshly produced, hot, solvated potassium fluoride solution in presence of stoichiometric amounts and/or an excess of hydrogen fluoride, or (b) by reacting aluminum trifluoride trihydrate with hot aqueous solution of potassium fluoride or potassium bifluoride, or (c) by generating in situ potassium aluminate by reacting alumina trihydrate with hot aqueous potassium hydroxide and treating the same with aqueous or anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. CM If) CO h- o> If) LU Jouve, 18, rue Saint-Denis, 75001 PARIS EP 0 597 652 A1 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION: 5 The present invention relates to several si mple, energy efficient and advantageous processes of producing potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, potassium hexafluoroaluminate and their mixtures.
    [Show full text]
  • Capillary-Active Permeation Brochure
    Capillary-Active Permeation Metallisation Sprayseal Product Range Technical Data PRODUCT RANGE OVERVIEW Product Description Product Range Metallisation Sprayseal is a range of high- performance sealers for thermal spray SPRAYSEAL-F coatings. They are easy to use and can be applied by brushing, rolling, spraying or Penetrating sealer for fine porosity. dipping. The Sprayseal range is specially formulated to give full permeation into all Pore sizes from 0 up to 0.1 mm. porosity, voids and cracks in any thermal Temperature resistance up to 300°C. sprayed coating. The polymeric material is Touch dry in 6 minutes. resistant to physical, thermal and chemical stress. SPRAYSEAL-C Product Benefits Penetrating sealer for coarse porosity. Pore sizes from 0.1 up to 0.5 mm. Easy to apply: Temperature resistance up to 300°C. o Brush Touch dry in 8 minutes. o Roller o Spray SPRAYSEAL- HT o Dipping Penetrating sealer for high temperature service. Quick drying time. Pore sizes from 0 up to 0.1 mm. Transparent, clear. Temperature resistance up to 500°C. Enhanced surface finish. Must be cured 1 hour after application at 250°C Food and drinking water approved. for 3 hours. High pressure resistance. SPRAYSEAL-E Penetrating thermal spray epoxy sealer for excellent chemical resistance. Shelf Life Min. 12 months in the closed can, store cool and Pore sizes up to 0.5 mm. dry. Can be applied to hot surfaces (up to 120°C) Temperature resistance up to 200°C Package Size SPRAYSEAL-T 100 millilitre 1 litre Thinner for SPRAYSEAL F / C. 500 millilitre (Aerosol) 5 litre To adjust the viscosity.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Health & Safety in the Arts: a Guide for K-12 Schools, Colleges and Artisans
    Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Prepared by: print making Pratt Institute Technical Assistance by: ENSR Corporation photography metal working drawing painting working wood ceramics jewelry making jewelry calligraphy printing Environmental Health & Safety in the Arts: A Guide for K-12 Schools, Colleges and Artisans Proper Management of Waste and Residuals from Art Studios and Shop Practices This information set forth herein is being furnished free of charge and is based on public domain information that is believed to be reliable. The preparer makes no warranty as to the completeness or accuracy thereof. This guidance does not constitute rulemaking by EPA and may not be relied on to create a substantive or procedural right or benefit enforceable by any person. EPA may take action at variance with this guidance and its internal procedures. Any variation between applicable regulations and the information provided in this document is unintentional and, in the case of such variations, the requirements of the regulations govern. This document identifies governmental and non governmental resources that may be helpful to schools. While EPA made comments intended to improve the document, EPA does not endorse, make any guarantee or assume any liability with regard to any products, services or resources mentioned in this publication, including the use of information from or recommendations made by resources provided in this document. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation. This compliance assistance project was undertaken in connection with a settlement of an enforcement action taken by EPA against Pratt Institute for alleged violations of the regulations governing wastes.
    [Show full text]