10 years - ANNIVERSARY EDITION TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 10, No 2, pp 1-9, 2012 Copyright © 2012 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1313-7050 (print) ISSN 1313-3551 (online)

Original Contribution SOME RARE AND NOTEWORTHY LARGER FUNGI IN

B. Assyov*, D. Y. Stoykov, M. Gyosheva

Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, , Bulgaria

ABSTRACT The paper reports 23 rare and noteworthy Bulgarian larger fungi including the confirmation of the presence of rubicundulus in the country and the second records of pallens, Crinipellis mauretanica, Ditiola peziziformis, Geopora arenicola, Laccaria proxima, Marasmius collinus and Pterula multifida. Brief descriptions are provided for Cantharellus pallens, Ditiola peziziformis, Geopora arenicola, Gymnopus quercophilus, Marasmius collinus, and Paxillus rubicundulus based upon the Bulgarian specimens. Geopora arenicola, Trichoglossum hirsutum var. hirsutum, Cantharellus amethysteus, C. pallens, Laccaria proxima and Paxillus rubicundulus are illustrated. In addition, new collections of some threatened, rare and less known species are also included.

Key words: ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, Bulgarian mycota, fungal conservation, larger fungi

INTRODUCTION the determination are listed under every Recording of fungi is an important task which particular taxon as ‘Reference literature’. serves different scientific and practical purposes. Some peculiarities of the Bulgarian The microscopic examination of fungi was mycological literature were reviewed by conducted in water and 5% KOH. The Denchev & Bakalova (1), who found a pattern amyloidity was tested with Melzer’s solution suggesting that possibly many species might be (recipe after 5). under-recorded. The conscientious recording is The previous records are listed according to the especially important for rare species worthy of respective checklists for the different groups of conservation, which has been emphasized by fungi (6-8), unless other references are provided. several authors (2-4, and others). This report Wherever indicated, the threat status follows the presents information about some rare and Red list of fungi in Bulgaria (9). noteworthy fungi from Bulgaria. Ascomycetes MATERIALS AND METHODS confusa Bres. Fungi were collected during mycological field Specimen examined. Northern Pirin Mts, ca 1 trips in different parts of the country. The km below Bunderitsa chalet, in a coniferous examined specimens are kept in the forest, dominated by Picea abies (L.) H. Mycological Collection of the Institute of Karst., 25 Aug 2009, leg. et det. B. Assyov & Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (SOMF) D. Stoykov (SOMF 29338). and are documented with photographs and/or Rarely recorded species, known so far only appropriate field notes. The sources used for from Rila Mts (10; 11). ______Reference literature (12). *Correspondence to: Boris Assyov, Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute Discina ancilis (Pers. : Fr.) Sacc. of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Specimen examined. Znepole region, Golo Burdo Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St, bl. Mt, near Orlite chalet above Radomir town, in a 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: pine plantation, on damp soil, 7 May 2004, leg. et [email protected] det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29315).

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ASSYOV B., et al. Vulnerable species, reported from Western splitting into irregular rays; outer surface with Stara Planina Mts, Vitosha region (Vitosha Mt), light brown up to 1 mm long hairs, binding and Pirin Mts. particles of the substrate. Hymenophore Reference literature (13, 14). smooth, grey or whitish grey. Asci 8-spored, non amyloid. Ascospores uniseriate, 20–30(32) Geopora arenicola (Lév.) Kers (Fig. 1) × 14–17 µm, ellipsoid, with one central Specimen examined. Thracian Plain, guttule. Paraphyses cylindrical, septate. Besaparski Ridove, on sandy soil, 17 Apr 2010, leg. R. Natcheva, det. M. Gyosheva This species has been reported only once (SOMF 29136). before in Bulgaria, from the Northern Black Sea coast (near Galata village). Apothecia sessile, immersed in the substrate, globose, up to 15 mm in diam.; the margin Reference literature (15, 16, 17)

Fig. 1. Fruitbodies of Geopora arenicola

Leotia lubrica (Scop. : Fr.) Pers. Kadiev Gyol lake, among Sphagnum fallax (H. Specimen examined. Znepole region, Klinggr.) H. Klinggr., 17 Aug 2010, leg. R. Konyavska Mt, near Momin Kladenets chalet, Natcheva, det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29313). among Dicranum sp., 30 Sep 2007, leg. et det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29314). Endangered species, so far reported only from Vitosha region (Vitosha Mt). Endangered species, known from Central Stara Reference literature (15, 16, 20) Planina Mts, Vitosha region (Vitosha Mt, Plana Mt), and Rila Mts. Basidiomycetes Reference literature (15, 16, 18) Amanita strobiliformis (Paulet) Bertillon Specimen examined. Znepole region, ca 1 km Spathularia flavida Pers. : Fr. south of Sushitsa village (Treklyano Specimen examined. Central Stara Planina municipality), dry grassy places and plantation Mts, in a forest near Haydushka Pesen of Pinus sp. and Betula pendula Roth along the chalet above Chiflik village (Troyan distr.), road to Zlogosh village, 27 Jun 2009, leg. I. 42°48'19.2"N, 024°31'26.3"E, 20 Aug 2009, Assyova, B. Assyov & D. Stoykov, det. B. leg. et det. B. Assyov & D. Stoykov (SOMF Assyov & I. Assyova (SOMF 29347). 29346). Reference literature (15, 16, 19). Amanita strobiliformis is considered to be an Endangered species. Prior records from this Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers. : Fr.) Boud. region are from Golo Burdo Mt. var. hirsutum (Fig. 2) Reference literature (21, 22). Specimen examined. Central Rhodopi Mts: Chairski Ezera lakes, the waterside zone of 2 10 years - ANNIVERSARY EDITION TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, Vol. 10, No 2, 2012

ASSYOV B., et al.

Fig. 2. Fruitbodies of Trichoglossum hirsutum var. hirsutum

Cantharellus amethysteus (Quél.) Sacc. (Fig. 3) Cantharellus friesii Quél. Specimen examined. Central Stara Planina Specimen examined. Central Rhodopi Mts, Mts, Boatin Reserve, in a pure stand of Fagus Smolyanski Ezera lakes above Smolyan town, sylvatica L., 9 Jun 2003, leg. et det. B. Assyov in a mixed forest of Picea abies and Fagus & D. Stoykov (SOMF 29370). sylvatica, 9 Jun 2003, leg. et det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29324). Possibly not a rare species, but recently recorded for the Bulgarian mycota and so far Endangered species, in Bulgaria known from known only from Western Stara Planina Mts. the Western Forebalkan, Central Stara Planina Reference literature (23, 24, 25). Mts, Vitosha Mt, and Central Rodopi Mts (near Dedovo village). Reference literature (23, 24, 25, 26).

Fig. 3. Fruitbodies of Cantharellus amethysteus Cantharellus pallens Pilát (Fig. 4) and interveined, cream, yellowish to pale Pileus up to 2.5 cm in diam., convex to yellowish apricot. tapering below, firm, depressed or funnel-shaped, ivory, dry, smooth cream or somewhat concolorous with the to finely scaly, unchanging or slightly pileus, surface bruising pale rusty. Context yellowing when handled. Hymenophore cream; odour and taste agreeable. Basidia strongly decurrent, plicate or ridged, furcate elongate clavate; clamp-connexions present. 10 years - ANNIVERSARY EDITION 3 TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, Vol. 10, No 2, 2012

ASSYOV B., et al. Basidiospores 8–9 × 4.5–5 µm, broadly This striking chanterelle was previously ellipsoid to oblong ellipsoid, hyaline, thin- reported once from the country based on a walled, with refractive content. collection made by J. Kuthan and F. Kotlaba (27) in the Eastern Stara Planina Mts (near Specimen examined. Western Stara Planina Vlas village). No samples of this species were Mts, above Berkovitsa town, in a mixed available so far in the Bulgarian mycological deciduous forest (Carpinus betulus L., collections. Castanea sativa Mill., Fagus sylvatica), 18 Jun Reference literature (23, 25, 28). 2003, leg. et det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29325).

Fig. 4. Fruitbodies of Cantharellus pallens Clitocybe radicellata Gillet Specimen examined. Western Predbalkan, Specimens examined. Vitosha region, Vitosha Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park, Voyvodin Dol Mt, Rudartsi village, in a plantation of Pinus ravine above Vratsa town (Montana distr.), on sylvestris L., among litter, 16 Feb 2007, leg. A. dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica, 30 Sep 2008, Grozdanov, det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29320); leg. et det. B. Assyov (SOMF 29356); Western Western Sredna Gora Mt, Lozenska Mt, above Stara Planina Mts, between the villages Kokalyane village, under Pinus sylvestris, 20 Tsaricthina and Tchibaovtsi, on fallen leaves Mar 2011, leg. P. Somov, det. M. Gyosheva of Fagus sylvatica, 17 Aug 2009, leg. et det. B. (SOMF 29321). Assyov & I. Assyova (SOMF 29350).

Relatively rare species, so far known from Pileus up to 0.5 cm in diameter, convex or Pirin Mts and Eastern Rhodopi Mts. slightly depressed on the disk or with a small Reference literature (29, 30) umbo, later flattened; surface slightly sulcate, pale beige or pale buff with faint pinkish tint, Crinipellis mauretanica Maire darker at the center, paler to whitish towards Specimen examined. Eastern Forebalkan, near the edge. Stipe 1–3 cm long and less than 0.5 Golyama Zhelyazna village, in grassy places, mm wide, filiform, initially finely pubescent, 12 Oct 2008, leg. D. Stoykov, det. M. later glabrous, reddish brown to dark brown Gyosheva (SOMF 29317). with red tint, paler at the upper part below the

pileus. Context thin; smell not distinctive. Gills Endangered species, known so far only from whitish, distant. Cheilocystidia broadly the Thracian Lowland (Lauta Park in Plovdiv clavate, of broom-cell type. Basidiospores city). Reference literature (31). (7–)7.3±0.4(–8) × (4–)4.5±0.3 (–5) µm (n=10).

Gymnopus quercophilus (Pouzar) Antonín & This species is most probably not rare, but Noordel. more likely under-recorded due to its very Marasmius quercophilus Pouzar; Setulipes small size. It usually inhabits oak leaves, but quercophilus Antonín records on leaves of other Fagaceae (Fagus, Castanea) are also known (32). The very few 4 10 years - ANNIVERSARY EDITION TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, Vol. 10, No 2, 2012

ASSYOV B., et al. previous Bulgarian records are mostly high elevations may well belong to another published as Marasmius splachnoides marasmioid , although this cannot be (Hornem.) Fr. Some of them, however, may justified as the corresponding specimen is not be referable to G. quercophilus. nowadays lost. Burzakov’s findings (33) from forests at Reference literature (32, 34, 35, 36)

Laccaria proxima (Boud.) Pat. (Fig. 5)

Fig. 5. Fruitbodies of Laccaria proxima

Specimen examined. Central Rhodopi Mts, compactus (P. Karst.) Neuhoff Smolyanski Ezera Lakes, Lagot Lake, the Specimen examined. Western Sredna Gora Mt, floating turf in the lake, among Sphagnum Lozenska Mt, under Lalina Mogila peak, on fallax, S. obtusum Warnst. and Polytrichum calcareous soil in a beech woodland, 12 Jul sp., in a small bog-forest of Picea abies, 13 2009, leg. H. Pedashenko, det. M. Gyosheva Oct 2011, leg. D. Ivanova & R. Natcheva, det. (SOMF 29322). M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29343) Reference literature (29, 37, 38, 39). Critically endangered species, so far recorded from Znepole region (Konyavska Mt), Western Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke and Central Rhodopi Mts. Specimen examined. The Valley of River Reference literature (29, 42) , south of Kamenitsa village (Strumyani municipality, Sandanski distr.), above the Marasmius collinus (Scop. : Fr.) Singer graveyard, in a sparse woodland of Quercus Specimen examined. Slavyanka Mt, Parilski coccifera L., ca 195 m s. m.; 41°38'56.7"N, Dol ravine, in a grassy place on calcareous 023°9'52.2"E, 21 Oct 2009, leg. et det. B. soil, 19 Jun 2003, leg. D. Stoykov, det. M. Assyov & I. Assyova (SOMF 29348). Gyosheva (SOMF 29318). Reference literature (29, 37, 38, 39) Basidiomata collybioid. Pileus up to 3 cm in Leucocortinarius bulbiger (Alb. & Schwein : diam., convex, more or less hygrophanous, Fr.) Singer ochraceous to ochraceous brown; margin Specimen examined. Northern Pirin Mts, ca 1 slightly striate. Stipe up to 7 cm, cylindrical, km below Bunderitsa chalet, in a coniferous concolorous with the cap; surface smooth. forest, dominated by Picea abies, mixed with Gills free, moderately distant, whitish to Abies alba Mill., 26 Aug 2009, leg. B. Assyov cream. Context brittle, whitish; odour not & D. Stoykov, det. B. Assyov (SOMF 29349). distinctive. Cheilocystidia absent. Reference literature (40, 41) Basidiospores 7.5–10 × 4–6 µm, ellipsoid or oblong. Pileipellis of smooth clavate or difform elements, broom cells absent.

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ASSYOV B., et al. This species has been reported only once from Valley of River Struma, Petrich distr., Bulgaria, more than 80 years ago from Sofia city woodland at Skrat village, ca 415 m s. m.; by B. Burzakov (43). All Burzakov’s specimens 41°21'53.2"N, 022°59'21.9"E, under A. are likely lost and this is the only confirmation glutinosa, 24 Sep 2009, leg. B. Assyov, I. for the presence of the fungus in this country. Assyova & D. Stoykov, det. B. Assyov (SOMF Reference literature (31, 44, 45, 46, 47). 29351); in alder tickets along the road between Gabrene village and Zlatarevo border point, ca Mutinus caninus (Huds. : Pers.) Fr. 287 m s. m.; 41°22'37.1"N, 022°58'1.9"E, under Specimen examined. Western Stara Planina Mts, A. glutinosa, 24 Sep 2009, leg. B. Assyov, I. between Tsaritchina and Tchibaovtsi villages, in Assyova & D. Stoykov, det. B. Assyov (SOMF oak woodland, on rotting wood, 6 Aug 2009, leg. 29352); Western Sredna Gora Mts, above Lozen B. Assyov & D. Stoykov (SOMF 29318); village, in alder thickets, 15 Jul 1975, leg. et det. Znepole region, Konyavska Mt, near Momin Cv. Hinkova & M. Drumeva (as P. filamentosus), Kladenets chalet, under Fagus sylvatica, 16 Jun rev. B. Assyov & D. Stoykov (SOMF 12419); 2004, leg. et det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29345). Lozenska Planina Mt, in alder thickets, 27 Sep 1968, leg. et det. Cv. Hinkova & V. Fakirova (as Vulnerable species, not recorded previously from P. filamentosus), rev. B. Assyov & D. Stoykov Stara Planina Mts. (SOMF 6987); Strandzha Mt, in riverside Reference literature (48, 49, 50). communities of A. glutinosa at the springs of Paxillus rubicundulus P.D. Orton (Fig. 6) Mladezhka River not far from Mladezhko Specimens examined. Eastern Forebalkan, near village, 6 May 2004, leg. et det. B. Assyov Golyama Zhelyazna village, under Alnus (SOMF 29371); Marina Ryaka protected site, at glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., 24 May 2009, leg. D. the bottom of the ravine, under A. glutinosa, 07 Stoykov, det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29327); the Jun 2007, leg. et det. B. Assyov (SOMF 29372).

Fig. 6. Fruitbodies of Paxillus rubicundulus

Cap up to 8 cm in diameter, depressed to funnel (4–)4.5±0.3(–5) µm (n=30), length/width ratio shaped, smooth to velvety or scaly, ochraceous, (1.3–)1.6±0.1(–1.8). Pileipellis hyphae mostly ochraceous brown, yellowish brown, reddish broader than 5 µm. brown or rusty, often with reddish hues, cap margin tomentose to smooth, more or less The name Paxillus filamentosus Fr. was inrolled. Stipe cylindrical, not exuding droplets at extensively used in the past and sometimes even the base, concolorous with the cap or slightly more recently to denote the species now known paler, darkening when bruised. Gills forking, pale as P. rubicundulus. Under this name the fungus ochraceous, more brownish at maturity, bruising was possibly recorded from under A. glutinosa in reddish. Flesh pale yellowish, turning more Bulgaria a long time ago by C. Hinkova and V. reddish when exposed to air. Spore print pale Fakirova (see 51). Assyov & Denchev in the rusty. Basidiospores (5.5–)7.0±0.4(–8) × Checklist of larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria (8) followed Legon & Henrici (52) and listed P. 6 10 years - ANNIVERSARY EDITION TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, Vol. 10, No 2, 2012

ASSYOV B., et al. filamentosus as a nomen dubium owing to the Basidiospores 22–30 × 8–10 µm, ellipsoid, brief and putative original description (53). They oblong, elongate elliptic to nearly cylindrical, also commented that the Bulgarian record is septate at maturity. possibly referable to P. rubicundulus. Although there could have been little doubt that this Specimen examined. Western Rhodopi Mts, characteristic species is present in the country, its Longurli locality, on dead pine wood, 5 Jul occurrence is now confirmed with new 2004, leg. et det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29328). collections and reexamination of the older specimens of P. filamentosus, kept in SOMF. This species has been reported only once in the The reexamination of the specimen of Hinkova & country, from Vitosha Mt, more than half a Fakirova (SOMF 6987) produced the following century ago. spore measurements: (6–)6.8± Reference literature (26, 63, 64) 0.4(–8) × (3.5–)4.4±0.4(–5.5) µm (n=30), length/width ratio (1.3–)1.5±0.1(–1.8), while in ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SOMF 12419 they are (6–)6.5±0.4(–7) × The study of the Bulgarian larger fungi is held (4–)4.3±0.2(–5) µm (n=30), length/width ratio within the frame of the project ‘, (1.3–)1.5±0.1(–1.7). Those values are not conservation and sustainable use of fungi’. Some significantly different from those in the above samples were collected during the field work on description, which come from fresh collections. Grant DO 02-194/2008 of the National Science They allow drawing the conclusion that those Fund. The authors wish to thank to the collectors, collections are referable to P. rubicundulus. It is who provided part of the specimens cited above. interesting to note that all so far known Bulgarian collections are apparently associated with A. REFERENCES glutinosa in lower altitudes, although there has 1. Denchev, C.M. & Bakalova, G.G., been extensive search under other species of Centenary review of the fungal diversity , growing at different elevations. investigations in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Mycological Society & Bulgarian Reference literature (29, 54, 55, 56, 57, Biodiversity Conservation Programme, 58, 59). Sofia, 2002. 2. Gyosheva, M. & Georgieva, P., Pterula multifida E.P.Fr. : Fr. Macromycetes of the Parangalitsa Biosphere Specimen examined. Sofia region, Sofia city, in a Reserve. – In D. Ivanova (ed.). Proceedings garden on dead parts at the base of stems of of the IV Balkan Botanical Congress, Sofia, Fallopia sp., 27 Oct 2009, leg. V. Vladimirov, 2006. Pp 460–470. Institute of Botany, Sofia, det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29319). 2009. 3. Dimitrova, E. & Gyosheva, M. Hypogeous This species has been recorded from the country ascomycetes in Bulgaria. Phytologia very recently (60) and this is its second Bulgarian Balcanica, 14:309–314, 2008. collection. 4. Gyosheva & Dimitrova, E., New records of Reference literature (26, 61) larger fungi established in habitats of glacial relict plants in Bulgaria. Phytologia Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken Balcanica, 17:165–167, 2011. Specimen examined. Znepole region, Egalnitsa 5. Kirk, P.M., Canon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & village, in a pine plantation, 21 Oct 2010, leg. A. Stalpers, J.A. (eds), Dictionary of the fungi. Grozdanov, det. M. Gyosheva (SOMF 29323). th 10 edn. CAB International, Oxon, 2008. Endangered species in the country known from 6. Dimitrova, E. & Gyosheva, M., Bulgarian Western Stara Planina Mts, Rila Mts, Western Pezizales: diversity, distribution and and Central Rhodopi Mts. ecology. Phytologia Balcanica, 15:13–28, Reference literature (31, 62) 2009. 7. Dimitrova, E. & Gyosheva, M., Checklist of Dacrymycetes Bulgarian . Phytologia Balcanica, Ditiola peziziformis (Lév.) D.A. Reid 16:3–21, 2010. Basidiomata erumpent, stipitate turbinate to 8. Denchev, C.M. & Assyov, B., Checklist of flattened discoid, gelatinous, with light yellow the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria. flat or slightly depressed fertile disc up to 5–6 Mycotaxon, 111:279–282, 2010 + on-line mm in diam. and stipe-like white to cream version: 1–76 (http://www.mycotaxon.com structure; the outer surface (except the disk) /resources/checklists/denchev-v111- tomentose, with thick-walled hyphae. Basidia checklist.pdf). 2-spored, furcate, with basal clamp-connexion. 9. Gyosheva, M.M., Denchev, C.M., Dimitrova, E.G., Assyov, B., Petrova, R.D. 10 years - ANNIVERSARY EDITION 7 TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, Vol. 10, No 2, 2012

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