Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, pp. 47-58 47 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 1(1): PP 47-58.

Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence)

1* Muchamad Mufid, 2Herlina

1,2 Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teaching Science, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract Some people still think that sexual education is forbidden things and unnecessary, because they assume that sexual education only teaches sex between men and women. Whereas sexual education is not just about sex but gives lessons about sexual development, reproductive health, and social relationships. In khazanah Fiqh pesantren has explained both sexually explicit and implicit sexual education. This research is a kind of literature research by seeking sexual education in fiqh books often studied in pesantren (Islamic Boarding schools). As a result, in khazanah Fiqh pesantren sexual education in general is divided into two parts. The first part, discussed about thaharah (purification), covering aurat, signs of puberty, and related to women Fiqh such as menstruation, childbirth, or wiladah. In the second part discussed from marriage, the importance of marriage, manners, and so on to establish a harmonious psychological relationship between husband and wife. Keywords: Sexual Education; Fiqh; Pesantren

1. Research Background As a social being, humans cannot Many people who prejudice sex avoid associations of others. He has the education as providing information freedom to mingle and enters a diverse about reproduction and sexual relations. community of diverse backgrounds. But Sex education is actually not just that. freedom is not always absolute. Of Haffner (1990) states that comprehensive course, there are certain limits that are sexuality education covers biological, normatively approved by the community sociocultural, psychological, and spiritual as well as religious teachings that he dimensions including teaching someone believes is true. Without that limitation, to be self-protective and responsible he would lose his perfection and glory, as (Zarina and Felianti, 2012). he would be trapped in moral impairment which would impossibly damage his soul In addition, during this time there (Sahal, 97). was also a mistaken view among Muslims who considered sexuality as taboos and as a universal religion has did not need to be discussed at length. given the guidance of life for man, as well This view is denied by Yusuf Qardhawi. as being the difference between the right He acknowledged that the books of and the wrong (Al-Baqarah: 185). All , , fiqh, literature, and so aspects of life have clear guidance both forth, many talks about sexuality issues. explicitly and implicitly. From small Even still Qardhawi, not even a Muslim things like purification (hygiene), to great scholar who forbids this talk during the things like leadership in state affairs. course of science and lessons (Moqsit, Likewise, in Islam it is discussed about 2002).

Received, February 11, 2019 Revised, March 3, 2019 Accepted, March 13, 2019 Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

sexuality from childhood to matters important steps in scientific activities relating to husband and wife. (Subagoyo, 2006). In literature study there are at least In Islamic tradition, Fiqh has a four main characteristics that researchers central role as a legal instrument to need to pay attention to, among them: regulate the lives of Muslim societies. First, that the writer or researcher is They need legal tools whose characters dealing directly with text (nash) or are not purely normative textual (Qur'an numerical data, not directly with and ), but have been structured knowledge from the field. Second, the into a lawful application of Fiqh. library data is "ready to use" meaning that Therefore, Fiqh is codified to manage the the researcher is not directly spacious entire operational activities of human because the researcher is dealing directly beings, ranging from religious ritual to with the data sources in the library. Third, profane, political, social, economic, and that library data is generally a secondary cultural issues (Thoha, 2004). source, in the sense that researchers Pesantren is Indonesia's original obtain material or data from the second Islamic educational institution, which is hand rather than the original data from currently a legacy of Indonesian wealth the first data in the field. Fourth, that the that continues to grow. Even when condition of library data is not limited by entering this third millennium becomes space and time (Mestika, 2003). one of the most important buffs for the So, in this study, researchers nation and state of Indonesia discussed sexual education found in (Zamakhsyari, 2015). Usually every khazanah Fiqh pesantren. The source of pesantren gives fiqh material that the literature is found in the books of includes ritual procedures to the way of Fiqh which are often referred to by life, even arrange until the smallest, such Pesantren both in routine recitation and as manners in the toilet or sexual bahtsul masail activities. morality. About sexuality, in the study of the fiqh has been discussed extensively 3. Sexual Education from the signs of puberty to how to have Sexual education is a lifelong a good husband and wife. process of obtaining information and Therefore, the writer is interested forming behaviors, beliefs, values about to present the writings of "sexual identity, relationships and intimacy. education in khazanah fiqh pesantren." Sexual education deals with sexual development, reproductive health, 2. Method interpersonal relationships, feelings In this study, researchers used library (affection), intimacy, body concepts and research, namely research by studying gender roles. Sexual education deals with and reading (Sanjaya, 2013). Each study the biological, sociocultural, requires materials sourced from the psychological and spiritual aspects of library, including books, magazines, and three domains, namely cognitive, other documentary materials (Nasution, affective, and behavioral including the 2012). Library research is intended to ability to communicate effectively and obtain complete information, and to make responsible decisions (Nur determine the actions to be taken as Mahmudah, 2015).

48 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.

Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

Sexuality is an urgent study to be 5) Build personal and social introduced to children. Therefore, Alya competence. Andika informs in her book entitled 6) Provides functional knowledge thas Talking Together Sex with Children, is basic, accurate and directly talking that she deserves special attention contributes to health promoting with the aim of minimizing the decisions and behaviors. emergence of errors due to 7) Uses strategies designed to misunderstanding of definitions or can personalize information and engage also fix children's mind set about student sexuality (Alya Andika, 2010). The same 8) Provides age-and developmentally- thing was agreed by Madani by giving the appropriate information, learning meaning of sex education which was not strategies, teaching method and much different from the previous materials. opinion, namely an effort to provide 9) Incorporates learning strategies, knowledge about sex in order to prepare teaching methods and materials it to be able to interact well with its that are culturally inclusive. environment (Alya Andika, 2010). 10) Provides adequate time for Furthermore, sexual teaching can instruction and learning. begin when a child is 5 years old (Nicole 11) Provides opportunities to reinforce Haberland and Deborah Rogow, 2015). skills and positive health behaviors. Important early knowledge is given so 12) Provides opportunities to make that they recognize and know the connections with other influential functions of their vital organs so that they persons. can guard them from bad behavior. 13) Includes teacher information and Today, parents give positive feedback if plan for professional development sex education is implemented in schools. and training to enhance it means the introduction of education effectiveness of instruction and for sex is not only applied by the family student learning (2007). but also by the teacher and others (Salmi Ahmad Sudan, 2015). From these characteristics, there is The steps to provide sexual also a standard for providing knowledge education that can be carried out have in providing an understanding of sex several characteristics for the education. The key points in the Sex effectiveness of sex education in Education Standard concept include: children, including: 1) Personalization 1) Focuses on Specific behavioral 2) Susceptibility outcomes 3) Self-Efficafy 2) Addresses individual values and 4) Social Norms group norms that support health- 5) Skills (2007). enhancing behaviors. 3) Focuses on increasing personal The results of the research perceptions of risk and harmfulness presented by Leafio Rinta reveal how of engaging in specific health risk sexual education is for adolescents. The behaviors, as well as reinforcing results of his research show that sexual protective factors. education has a positive impact on the 4) Addresses social pressures and psychological resilience of adolescents, influences 49 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.

Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

namely the creation of teenagers who dakwah, on Mekkah Periode. have positive sexual behavior. It was only later that Muslim were Psychological resistance in question can gradually taught about worship in Madina be known as its characteristics, namely: (Aksin, 2016). Therefore, the obligations 1) Having sufficient knowledge about and rules as a servant of , and sexual education. worshid with full happiness. 2) Able to protect themselves and control themselves from negative In Pesantren itself, Fiqh is the most behaviors. important scientific branch because its 3) Able to solve problems, have roles very intensive as a basic in daily initiative, empathy, and self-efficacy. religious practice. This branch is very 4) Having the desire to prepare for the determining for the type of pesantren future (Leafio Rinta, 2015). later, namely: as an adherent of fiqh madzhabi. With that comprehense, The discussion of sexuality from Pesantren have made to build of generation to generation should be the fanaticism on be a mazhab, especially main focus in education. Today, young madzhab Syafi’i. in Pesantren, this people need to be provided with sexual comprehense is being a culture, and education in order to create strong being ideology, until to their kitab then control. If the news is often found known a al-kutub al-mu’tabarah, namely te criminal cases committed by young most autorithative kitab, Selective, women, from that it should be used as an recognized to use istinbath al- urgent record of sexuality to be applied in activities in Pesantren area, include NU various institutions both private and (Rijal, 2015). public schools. Scientific texts of Pesantren 4. Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) are closer to Fiqh is one of Islamic scientific Fiqh (syari’ah or Islamic ) which appear branch that usually is the most important normative rather than the other, such as considered. Cause Fiqh has various interpretation, , and theology, and concrete implication for person or ushul Fiqh. Fiqh is one of the most majority. Fiqh teached to the moslim interesting subjet for santri (Student). people about somethings like a behavior That’s all seem clearly from the term of are forbidden and recommended. who study deeply (Yazid, 2018). However, whether we look the Islamic This is rather not surprising history of Indonesia, essence of the Fiqh because the influence of Az- it seems like not stronger rather than this Zarnuji’s thought on his Kitab namely era. At first, Islam in Indonesia is very Ta’lim al-Muta’alli that is being basis of oriented for Tasawuf, and by gradually, educational pesantren’s thought. he that is being more oriented for Syariah recommends to study Fiqh science which (Bruinessen, 2015). That is, surely rather show up to the kindness and piety. The not make a confuse, because the Fiqh Science is science that show seeral spreading of Islam on the first periode is guidance ways and survivable self to implemented for Arab people that is another one’s. indeed, those who are planted and more relate to the Tauhid and Fiqh more feared by Devil rather than a akhlak, which interesting to the Tasawuf. thousand people who are worshiper’s The problem is appearing to the Nabi expert. 50 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.

Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

The Fiqh KItab in Pesantren is more al-Bantani is a study material to see the often read to bandongan or marathon relations of men and women are more system; a teacher reads the book lafdhan equitable (Nurcholish, 2015). The wa maknan (text and meaning), while the Qurratul Uyun is a classic book (Kitab) of santri write down the meaning given shura (explanatory) of Nazham Ibn Yamun complete with their position in the that written by Abi Muhammad Sayid structure of the grammar (nahwu Qasim bin Ahmad ibn Musa ibn Yamun. and sharaf) and the marks of each The classis book (kitab) is about shari'a position (as mubtada ', khabar, maf' ul, marriage, marriage, and fun things badal, and so on). Rarely does the yellow in marriage. Both of books are usually book study in pesantren use the method not included in the curriculum of of discussion (Yazid, 2018). pesantren, but are taught during the month of Ramadan which is usually referred to as The most popular works of recitation of posoan by reciting it during a jurisprudence include Taqrib (Al-Ghayah month. wa Al-Taqrib, which is also famous for Mukhtashar, by Abu Syuja 'Al-Isfahani) 5. Sexual Education in Fiqh and the direction of Fathul Qarib (by Ibn Pesantren Qasim Al-Ghazzi). Almost no pesantren does not use at least one of these texts Sexuality education in the (Bruinessen, 2015). In addition, the book jurisprudence of Islamic Fiqh is divided Safinah an-Najah (with Syarahnya into two parts, namely: first, discussing Kasyfiyatu al-Saja), and Kifayatul Akhyar. the sign for children who are considered The book of Islamic Fiqh wa Adilatuhu capable of carrying out religious order is also often used as a reference in bahtsul (taklif), menstruation problems, masail, although this book is not taught childbirth, istikhadhah for women, in recitation. something that require to take a bath, circumcision, ihtilam (wet dream) and a The most popular Fiqh namely number of other one’s (Mahmudah, Taqrib (Al-Ghayah wa Al-Taqrib, which is 2015). Although since childhood, the also famous for Mukhtashar, by Abu Syuja Islamic jurisprudence books (Fiqh 'Al-Isfahani) and the direction of Fathul Pesantren) have discussed about thaharah Qarib (by Ibn Qasim Al-Ghazzi). Almost (purity) after urinating or defecating. This no pesantren does not use at least one of is certainly related to maintaining health these texts (Bruinessen, 2015). In while maintaining the sanctity of the addition, the book of Safinah an-Najah body. Second, talking about sex in the (with the Syarah Kasyfiyatu al-Saja), and context of reproduction of the next Kifayatul Akhyar. The book of Fiqh wa generation of Muslims both related to Adilatuhu is also often used as a reference marriage, husband and wife relations, in bahtsul masail, although this book is not something that need to be considered in taught in recitation. connection and also the psychological relationship between husband and wife. The classic book that talks about sex in Islam is Uqud Al-Luja'in and 5.1. The First Qurratul Uyun. Both are generally studied 5.1.2. Purify in traditional Islamic boarding schools Everyone, in an overnight is always (Pesantren). In Indonesia the classic book removes dirt with various forms such as (kitab) Uqud Al-Lujain by Imam Nawawi 51 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.

Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

urine and feces. In a day, humans can will always maintain the cleanliness of excrete several times, such as urinating himself both physically and mentally. If that is not possible only once a day. not trained like that, it could be that a Although in the beginning the impurities child would be careless about their were contained in the human body, but hygiene, or even not purify after after leaving it became a filth and unclean urinating. in the view of Shari’a. Therefore, people need to clean the excretion site in a 5.1.2. Close the Genitals (Aurat) manner determined by Shari'a. Islam is also requiring the people to close or cover their genitals for each and In Fathul Qarib's book (kitab), when every male and female. Aurat is a part of a person is both a child and an adult to a person’s body that must be covered and urinate or defecate, it is obligatory to not seen by others. Especially on body purify. The way to purify is regulated by parts related to reproduction. Even to using water or holy stones to purify, or same sex, there are limitations that are both of them (al-, 2016). This private in nature that cannot be seen. indicates that Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh This indicates that in the human body Pesantren) is very concerned about the there are parts that need to be guarded cleanliness of the body to Muslims with and become his personal secret. This almost all fiqh books (kitab Fiqh) putting must be accustomed to someone from an the chapter of thaharah (purify) at the early age. beginning of the study. Especially on genital hygiene that is used as a place of Closing the genitals (aurat) in the unclean discharge. information technology era is not only done in the real world, but also in In Islamic boarding school cyberspace (social media). It is jurisprudence (Fiqh Pesantren) not only undeniable that people active on social pay attention in terms of physical media such as Facebook, Twitter, cleanliness, but spiritual cleanliness. Not Instagram, WhatsApp, Telegram and etc. surprising because in humans, in addition Even a person has all the social media to physical elements, there are also accounts and often in a day uploadable elements of reason, and spirituality. This several photos. In these circumstances a can be seen clearly in the provision of person have to close his genitals because recommended prayers. Starting from many people also see their self or aurat. entering the toilet, after washing, until it comes out of the toilet. Provisions when Wahbah Zuhaili defines the in the toilet are also discussed properly, aurat according to syara' is something that such as prohibited from mentioning must be hidden and forbidden to see it. names of Allah SWT verbally or mentally In opinion of the scholars number, those (with excessive). who pray are required to close their genitals, whether they are able to do so, Since childhood/baby a child even if the prayer is done alone in a dark should be trained to maintain cleanliness place. When performing prayers, a of the body. Because the baby cannot person is obliged to cover his genitals. clean the dirt or impurities that are on although at other times even when alone. him, the parents must immediately clean. Unless he needs to be naked like bathing, With habituation, when you can do it defecating, and having a rest (Az-Zuhaili, independently, it is expected that a child 2010). 52 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.

Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

Since childhood, a child should be Therefore, it is important for accustomed to close aurat even though children to be given knowledge of the for example a girl is not closed, all like social boundaries allowed by the Shari'a. adult women. With this habituation, a Education is not only provided by child has been implanted to have an schools, but family roles are also needed. embarrassed attitude. When later the In addition, the community can play a child grows up will be accustomed to role in social control, so that when there covering the aurat according to the is an association that exceed the limit, it provisions of the Shari'a. Even they will can immediately reprimand it. Because feel embarrassed if their genitals are seen one reason for the occurrence of by others, especially those who are not promiscuity in adolescent is the careless . of the community to the free association that occurs around it. 5.1.3. Signs of Baligh 5.1.4. Menstruation, Childbirth In Safinah an-Najah, it is stated that there are three signs of baligh (adult), Attention of ulama pesantren namely: reach the age of 15th for men (kyai) to sexual education for women. and women, ihtilah (wet dreams) for men In the book al-Mahidh written and women at the age of 9 years, and using Javanese Pegon language, Kyai menstruation for women at 9 years old Masruhan Ihsan clorified about (Salim al-Hadrami, 2009). Adults referred menstruation, childbirth and other to in this chapter (chapter) are not as intended in psychology, but a Muslim one’s that were generally experienced who has been subjected to the obligation by women. This indicates that Islamic to practice the Shari'ah and stay away attention to sexual health is so detailed from what is prohibited (mukallaf). not only the obligations of the Shari'a. Starting from when a woman Knowledge about the signs of baligh experiences menstruation, the should be given to children before they difference in blood menstruation with experience it. Because besides reaching istihadhah, the time limit for the age of 15 years, Ihtilam and menstruation, is related to childbirth menstruation cannot be planned when they will experience it. So, by being (nifas) and wiladah. taught before they experience, when they Associated with the beginning of experience it they already know what a woman experiencing menstruation happened and carry out their obligations. in the classic book, there is no In today's terms baligh is similar to difference with the classic books puberty experienced by someone. When (kitab) of other jurisprudence, namely a child experiences puberty, change will after the age of 9 years or 9th years less occur to him from physical change and 14 days. Whether menstruation comes psychological changes. In this time the out before even 9th years of age, it is child begins to have interest in the not considered menstruation. opposite sex. In addition, at puberty the impulse to lust in children is so great that The minimum menstruation the association between the opposite sex time limit is overnight without need to be limited to religious norms. stopping or if counted overnight if 53 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.

Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

there is a pause in menstruation The one that interesting in the bleeding. whether it is less than Qurratul Uyun of the classic book (kitab) overnight the blood is not punished by is before discussing about how to do menstrual blood but the blood is husband and wife relations well, stable. The maximum period of preceded by a discussion about marriage. menstruation is 15 days, even though In this case, marriage is an absolute condition for a Muslim to develop there is a pause. If it has exceeded 15 offspring. Without marriage, the days, it still bleeds, the rest is relationship between men and women is considered as istihadah blood. called adultery, which is a big sin. With Knowledge about menstruation, marriage ties in the Qur'an referred to as mitsaqan ghalizha (solid agreement), the childbirth, and wiladah does not only nasab of a child who is born becomes have implication for the reproductive clear or recognised. health of a woman, but also related to the obligations of the Shari'a. A Among the virtues of marriage woman who is experiencing which are explained in the Qurrotul menstruation, childbirth, or wiladah is Uyun book (kitab Qurratul Uyun), this is not subject to the obligation to carry to save sight, maintain farji (genitals), out several pillars of Islam such as expect better offspring, cleanse the heart, prayer and fasting. After the period and strengthen the determination to worship. When someone is married has stopped, a woman is obliged to someone will have a partner to share in jinabah bathe (obligatory bathe) with everything, especially in worship and some harmony (intention and wash kindness. the whole body with water). Unlike the prayer that is left when In Islam nasab (lineage) is very experiencing menstruation and important. Nasab here is not only a childbirth that does not need to be biological father but also a biological replaced at another time, fasting must father in marriage. Even when the be replaced at another time with the Prophet raised Zaid bin Harithah and pinned his name to become Zaid bin number of days according to what was Muhammad. But after that the word of left behind. God came down: 5.2. The Second Part "Call them (adopted children) with (using) 5.2.1. Marriage as an Effort to the names of their fathers." (QS. Al- Maintain the Existence of Religion Ahzab: 5 The existence of religion is very So, after that, his name returned to dependent on human existence. There is Zaid bin Harithah, and omitted no human being, then religion is gone. Muhammad's name because he was not Because it has become something that the biological father of Zaid. That's religion should discuss about where the importance of someone in the reproduction, paying more attention to Islamic view, so the bond of marriage other things. whether juxtaposed with the becomes very important in life. This is Islam religion, reproduction is equal in what distinguish sexual education in position to da'wah in Islam. Islam and the West. whether in the West 54 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.

Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

the purpose of sexual education is to Besides that, provision in prevent pregnancy and venereal disease, conducting intimate relationship is very in Islam it prevents from act of adultery much considered in the treasures of (free sex) which will result in nasab Islamic boarding school (Pesantren). discontinuation. Starting from how to start, things to avoid, prayers when you want to start and Besides relating to this matter, in after it's finished. When you want to start several Fiqh books (kitab) which are often it is recommended by author of classic used as a reference for Islamic boarding book (kitab) that a husband should clean schools discussed about marriage his heart and decorate himself with conditions, pillars of marriage, divorce, repentance from all sins and mistakes and matters relating to marriage. With the that have been made, then start in a holy provisions of the Shari'a that are so strict state, start doing sunnah things by putting it does not mean that Islam makes it your right foot first, then saying difficult for his people to do marriages. "Bismillahi wassalamu ala Rasulillah assalamu Especially when it comes to the various alaikum", and perform sunnah prayers 2 divorce if it is not known they could have rak'ah (twice) or more. mentally and mentally infected their wives. After this is done, it is recommended that a husband read the 5.2.2. The Provisions (-adab) in selected of verse above the crown of his intercourse wife as guards for all enemies. A husband After the marriage, the desire to is also encouraged to ask the goodness of have offspring is the main thing for his wife to Allah SWT so that it is kept married couples, so they try it with an away from ugliness and other prayers that intimate relationship (intercourse) both can keep the family in harmony. These of them. But in Islam, especially in the prayers are not only recommended when treasures of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh they want to have intimate relationships, Pesantren) in conducting intimate relations but in the morning and evening so that between husband and wife cannot be family life is given happiness all of time. done carelessly. There are provisions 5.2.3. Psychological Relationship (adab) that must be considered. These between Husbands and Wives provisions not only have implications for prohibitions or recommendations that In addition to discussing the bringable sin or reward, but on the quality intimate relationship between husband of the offspring that will be born. and wife, the Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh Pesantren) also explain the psychological The classic Book (kitab) of Qurrotul relationship between husband and wife in Uyun explains clearly the times which are the family sphere. Shaikh Nawawi al- performed during intimate relations. Bantani in his classic book (kitab) Uqudul Thus, there are days/dates that should be al-Lujain Fi Bayani Huququ al-Zaujain avoided to do so. The days that need to explained how the tasks of the husband be avoided are Wednesday at the end of and the obligations of the wife in family. the month, the third, fifth, thirteenth, sixteenth, twenty-one, twenty-four, and Among the obligations of a twenty-five in each month (al-Tihami). husband according to Shaikh Nawawi is to associate well (husn al-ashrah), provide 55 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.

Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

income (mu'ah), dowry (dowry), and teach 6. Conclusion about obligatory and sunnah worship The attention of boarding schools issues including menstrual issues and to sexual education is undoubtedly, see wife's obligation to obey against the the treasur of Islamic boarding school husband as long as not in the matter of (Pesantren) that discuss a lot about the immorality. Whereas the wife’s obligation theme. Besides the classic books (kitab) includes obedience to the husband as that are directly themed about sexual long as it is not in the matter of education, there are also classic book immorality, good relations, surrendering (kitab) that indirectly discuss them. his body to the husband, staying at home, Sexual education in Islamic jurisprudence guarding himself from infidelity with (Fiqh Pesantren) is divided into two parts, other men, taking the veil so that he is not namely sexual education from childhood seen as a face or palm hands, do not to adulthood and sexual education in demand anything that is beyond the marriage relationships. ability of the husband, keep the husband from using illicit asset and honest in In the first part, it was discussed menstrual matter. about being purify, closing the genitals, signs of baligh, as well as those related to Some contemporary scientists women's Fiqh such as menstruation, consider that Sheikh Nawawi in his childbirth, and wiladah. Such knowledge classic book (kitab) is too leaning towards is very important for someone in order to a husband following a patriarchal culture. live this life, especially worshiping Allah And the space to move as a wife is very SWT as the obligation of a servant. In the limited to try to minimize socializing in second part discussed from the marriage, the public space. This is certainly without the importance of marriage, the reason, because the influence of social provisions do intercourse, to build a life in the Grand at that time as harmonious psychological relationship the place of Sheikh Nawawi settled. between husband and wife. From the Different if social life in Indonesia gives explanation, marriage covers all aspects freedom to socialize to a woman in public of life, not just about intercourse space. orientation.

In this globalization era, the roles of References men and women in the public sphere already have the same opportunities both Abdul Moqsit Ghozali (2002), Tubuh, work and other activities. Moreover, the Seksualitas, dan Kedaulatan Perempuan; increasing economic needs to meet daily Bunga Rampai Pemikiran Ulama needs require a wife to work. This does Muda, Yogyakarta: Rahima. not mean Shaikh Nawawi's thinking Ahmad Nurcholish, et al. (2016), about the obligations of a wife which Seksualitas & Agama: Kesehatan limit her role in the public sphere. See Reproduksi dalam Perspektif Agama- this context, which is the pressure point Agama, Jakarta: PT. Elex Media of the obligation is to avoid infidelity and Komputindo. protect yourself from the views of other men. Aksin Wijaya (2016), Sejarah Kenabian dalam Perspektif Tafsir Nuzuli

56 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.

Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

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Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58

dan Visinya Mengenai Masa Depan Indonesia, cet. Ke 9, Jakarta: LP3ES.

58 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58.