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Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence)

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Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence) Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, pp. 47-58 47 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 1(1): PP 47-58. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence) 1* Muchamad Mufid, 2Herlina 1,2 Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teaching Science, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Some people still think that sexual education is forbidden things and unnecessary, because they assume that sexual education only teaches sex between men and women. Whereas sexual education is not just about sex but gives lessons about sexual development, reproductive health, and social relationships. In khazanah Fiqh pesantren has explained both sexually explicit and implicit sexual education. This research is a kind of literature research by seeking sexual education in fiqh books often studied in pesantren (Islamic Boarding schools). As a result, in khazanah Fiqh pesantren sexual education in general is divided into two parts. The first part, discussed about thaharah (purification), covering aurat, signs of puberty, and related to women Fiqh such as menstruation, childbirth, or wiladah. In the second part discussed from marriage, the importance of marriage, manners, and so on to establish a harmonious psychological relationship between husband and wife. Keywords: Sexual Education; Fiqh; Pesantren 1. Research Background As a social being, humans cannot Many people who prejudice sex avoid associations of others. He has the education as providing information freedom to mingle and enters a diverse about reproduction and sexual relations. community of diverse backgrounds. But Sex education is actually not just that. freedom is not always absolute. Of Haffner (1990) states that comprehensive course, there are certain limits that are sexuality education covers biological, normatively approved by the community sociocultural, psychological, and spiritual as well as religious teachings that he dimensions including teaching someone believes is true. Without that limitation, to be self-protective and responsible he would lose his perfection and glory, as (Zarina and Felianti, 2012). he would be trapped in moral impairment which would impossibly damage his soul In addition, during this time there (Sahal, 97). was also a mistaken view among Muslims who considered sexuality as taboos and Islam as a universal religion has did not need to be discussed at length. given the guidance of life for man, as well This view is denied by Yusuf Qardhawi. as being the difference between the right He acknowledged that the books of and the wrong (Al-Baqarah: 185). All tafsir, hadiths, fiqh, literature, and so aspects of life have clear guidance both forth, many talks about sexuality issues. explicitly and implicitly. From small Even still Qardhawi, not even a Muslim things like purification (hygiene), to great scholar who forbids this talk during the things like leadership in state affairs. course of science and lessons (Moqsit, Likewise, in Islam it is discussed about 2002). Received, February 11, 2019 Revised, March 3, 2019 Accepted, March 13, 2019 Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58 sexuality from childhood to matters important steps in scientific activities relating to husband and wife. (Subagoyo, 2006). In literature study there are at least In Islamic tradition, Fiqh has a four main characteristics that researchers central role as a legal instrument to need to pay attention to, among them: regulate the lives of Muslim societies. First, that the writer or researcher is They need legal tools whose characters dealing directly with text (nash) or are not purely normative textual (Qur'an numerical data, not directly with and Hadith), but have been structured knowledge from the field. Second, the into a lawful application of Fiqh. library data is "ready to use" meaning that Therefore, Fiqh is codified to manage the the researcher is not directly spacious entire operational activities of human because the researcher is dealing directly beings, ranging from religious ritual to with the data sources in the library. Third, profane, political, social, economic, and that library data is generally a secondary cultural issues (Thoha, 2004). source, in the sense that researchers Pesantren is Indonesia's original obtain material or data from the second Islamic educational institution, which is hand rather than the original data from currently a legacy of Indonesian wealth the first data in the field. Fourth, that the that continues to grow. Even when condition of library data is not limited by entering this third millennium becomes space and time (Mestika, 2003). one of the most important buffs for the So, in this study, researchers nation and state of Indonesia discussed sexual education found in (Zamakhsyari, 2015). Usually every khazanah Fiqh pesantren. The source of pesantren gives fiqh material that the literature is found in the books of includes ritual procedures to the way of Fiqh which are often referred to by life, even arrange until the smallest, such Pesantren both in routine recitation and as manners in the toilet or sexual bahtsul masail activities. morality. About sexuality, in the study of the fiqh has been discussed extensively 3. Sexual Education from the signs of puberty to how to have Sexual education is a lifelong a good husband and wife. process of obtaining information and Therefore, the writer is interested forming behaviors, beliefs, values about to present the writings of "sexual identity, relationships and intimacy. education in khazanah fiqh pesantren." Sexual education deals with sexual development, reproductive health, 2. Method interpersonal relationships, feelings In this study, researchers used library (affection), intimacy, body concepts and research, namely research by studying gender roles. Sexual education deals with and reading (Sanjaya, 2013). Each study the biological, sociocultural, requires materials sourced from the psychological and spiritual aspects of library, including books, magazines, and three domains, namely cognitive, other documentary materials (Nasution, affective, and behavioral including the 2012). Library research is intended to ability to communicate effectively and obtain complete information, and to make responsible decisions (Nur determine the actions to be taken as Mahmudah, 2015). 48 Cite this as: Mufid, Herlina. Sexual Education in Khazanah Fiqh Pesantren (Islamic Jurisprudence). Islamic Insights Journal. 2019: Vol. 01(1): PP 47-58. Islamic Insights Journal; Volume 01 Number 01, May 2019, pp. 47-58 Sexuality is an urgent study to be 5) Build personal and social introduced to children. Therefore, Alya competence. Andika informs in her book entitled 6) Provides functional knowledge thas Talking Together Sex with Children, is basic, accurate and directly talking that she deserves special attention contributes to health promoting with the aim of minimizing the decisions and behaviors. emergence of errors due to 7) Uses strategies designed to misunderstanding of definitions or can personalize information and engage also fix children's mind set about student sexuality (Alya Andika, 2010). The same 8) Provides age-and developmentally- thing was agreed by Madani by giving the appropriate information, learning meaning of sex education which was not strategies, teaching method and much different from the previous materials. opinion, namely an effort to provide 9) Incorporates learning strategies, knowledge about sex in order to prepare teaching methods and materials it to be able to interact well with its that are culturally inclusive. environment (Alya Andika, 2010). 10) Provides adequate time for Furthermore, sexual teaching can instruction and learning. begin when a child is 5 years old (Nicole 11) Provides opportunities to reinforce Haberland and Deborah Rogow, 2015). skills and positive health behaviors. Important early knowledge is given so 12) Provides opportunities to make that they recognize and know the connections with other influential functions of their vital organs so that they persons. can guard them from bad behavior. 13) Includes teacher information and Today, parents give positive feedback if plan for professional development sex education is implemented in schools. and training to enhance it means the introduction of education effectiveness of instruction and for sex is not only applied by the family student learning (2007). but also by the teacher and others (Salmi Ahmad Sudan, 2015). From these characteristics, there is The steps to provide sexual also a standard for providing knowledge education that can be carried out have in providing an understanding of sex several characteristics for the education. The key points in the Sex effectiveness of sex education in Education Standard concept include: children, including: 1) Personalization 1) Focuses on Specific behavioral 2) Susceptibility outcomes 3) Self-Efficafy 2) Addresses individual values and 4) Social Norms group norms that support health- 5) Skills (2007). enhancing behaviors. 3) Focuses on increasing personal The results of the research perceptions of risk and harmfulness presented by Leafio Rinta reveal how of engaging in specific health risk sexual education is for adolescents. The behaviors, as well as reinforcing results of his research show that sexual protective factors. education has a positive impact on the 4) Addresses social pressures and psychological
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