Part 3: Programme Performance

PART 3: PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE 58 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 59

PART 3: Programme Performance

To be appropriated by Vote R 2 243 555 000

Statutory appropriations -

Responsible Minister Minister of Foreign Affairs : Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma

Administering Department Department of Foreign Affairs

Accounting Offi cer Director-General: Dr A Ntsaluba

AIM OF THE VOTE

The Department of Foreign Affairs is respon- Programme 2: Foreign Relations Programme 3: Public Diplomacy sible for the formulation, co-ordination, im- Purpose: Promote relations with foreign and Protocol plementation and management of South countries, and participate in international Purpose: Promote an understanding, both Africa’s foreign policy and international re- organisations and institutions, in pursuit of domestically and internationally, of South lations programmes throughout the world. South Africa’s national values and foreign Africa’s role and position in international policy objectives. relations, and provide protocol services. KEY PROGRAMMES AND OBJECTIVES Measurable objective: To promote South Measurable objective: To project a positive Africa’s foreign policy internationally and image of South Africa by marketing the Programme 1: Administration within multilateral institutions, through dip- Department’s programmes and providing Purpose: Conduct the overall policy devel- lomatic interventions to strengthen foreign protocol services. opment and management of the Depart- relations. ment. 58 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 59

Programme 4: Foreign Properties - building the economy and creating of action for its practical implementation Purpose: Provide secure, economical hous- jobs; and is the host to the NEPAD secretariat. ing and offi ce accommodation to all staff - combating crime and corruption; Beyond Africa, the Department’s multilat- members abroad, and maintain immov- - transforming the state; eral engagements and its leadership within able properties abroad. - building a better Africa and a better the South bloc of developing countries, are Measurable objective: To acquire and world. driven by its desire to contribute towards the maintain South Africa’s properties abroad creation of a more equitable and humane in a cost-effective manner in order to facili- These fundamental priorities inform and world for all of humankind. The Department tate delivery of foreign policy objectives. direct the work of the Department of For- identifi ed the following key strategic priori- eign Affairs as we go about our business of ties for 2003-04 fi nancial year: Programme 5: Auxiliary and projecting South Africa’s domestic values - Consolidation and Implementation of Associated Services and national interests abroad. All these the African Agenda. Purpose: Provide for the payment of mem- elements are captured within the holistic - Bilateral Relations bership fees to international organisations, vision of an African Renaissance bringing - South-South Co-operation. transfer payments, and support services for in its wake peace, prosperity, democracy, - North-South Dialogue. all offi cials on transfer abroad, and make sustainable development, progressive - Multilateral Diplomacy provision for the inauguration of the Presi- leadership and good governance. - Focusing on Imaging and Branding dent. by projecting a positive image of Measurable objective: To contribute to The African continent and, in particular, South Africa and Africa, enhancing multilateral development co-operation. the Southern African region commands understanding of the country’s foreign the highest priority for the Department. Our policy objectives, and ensuring that KEY STRATEGIC PRIORITIES focus is shifting from the conceptualisation the message of its leaders is better of the African Renaissance to its opera- understood across the world. Our Foreign Policy objectives, priorities and tionalisation through the initiative currently activities although broad, nevertheless known as “NEPAD” – the New Partnership STRATEGIC OVERVIEW AND KEY support the country’s fi ve key strategic pri- for African Development. South Africa has POLICY DEVELOPMENTS: 2003/04 orities, namely: taken the lead in developing the NEPAD, - speeding up delivery of basic needs and together with key African partners, is South Africa’s re-entry into the global com- and developing human resources; in the process of elaborating a programme munity has resulted in a new foreign policy 60 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 61 60 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 61

dispensation. There is now wider acknowl- The New Partnership for Africa’s Develop- on: the economic development agenda edgement of the role South Africa plays ment (NEPAD) and the African Union (AU) of the south; the World Trade Organisa- in global affairs. The country is viewed as are two new institutions established to tion (WTO) Doha Development Round; the a key player in global efforts to normalise achieve these ends, particularly in Africa. recommendations of the World Summit international relations, particularly in Africa. Through the Department, South Africa has on Sustainable Development (WSSD); and South Africa is also involved in creating the played a central role in both. championing African interests in other mul- conditions for sustainable socio-economic tilateral organisations. development, peace and good govern- International co-operation for sustainable ance. The Department of Foreign Affairs development It is recognised that the developed world was responsible for playing this role in ways has a major role to play in the economic that advance the interests of the devel- South Africa continued to play a leading development of the developing world. oping world and Africa, in order to foster role in articulating the interests of Africa South Africa promoted the interests of sustainable development of South Africa and developing countries in the global developing countries on the international itself. economy. Key problematic areas includ- agenda, and mobilised development re- ed: disparities and inequalities resulting sources and co-operation to tackle pover- These responsibilities were executed from globalisation; the marginalisation of ty and underdevelopment. Issues included through three broad strategic priority ar- Africa in the global economy; the recent debt relief and the democratisation of eas: weakening of the global economy; and international relations. Activities included: - Strengthening solidarity within the the resurgence of regionalism. The role of high level interactions with developed developing world, and building multilateral fi nancial institutions and the countries through the G-20, in the context partnerships with the developed world United Nations (UN) in international eco- of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to foster sustainable development nomic development was also of interest. and the World Bank; discussions with the - Promoting good governance, The Department was involved in promot- G-8 at their summits; and initiatives at other sustainable socio-economic ing economic co-operation through UN forums. development and poverty eradication strengthening multilateralism and inclusive in Africa governance in the world economy and Focus on Africa - Participating in international efforts its trade system. This included the reform to seek lasting peace and stability in and strengthening of global rules and in- Good governance and sustainable so- confl ict-ridden areas. stitutions. Particular emphasis was placed cio-economic development in Africa are 62 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 63

fundamental to South Africa’s foreign energy infrastructure; human resources development and peace and stability. Politi- policy. During 2002, South Africa actively velopment, including education, skills de- cal confl icts in Africa, the Middle East, and participated in the establishment of the velopment, and reversing the brain drain; other parts of the world continue to under- African Union (AU). The African Union health; agriculture; and the market access mine efforts to tackle sustainable develop- brings together continent-wide hopes for initiative. ment holistically. The Department has also an Africa free of political confl ict, poverty noted a shift from the previous risk of super- and underdevelopment. Emphasis during Within Southern Africa, South Africa was power nuclear confrontation to other forms the reporting period was on facilitating the actively engaged in the restructuring of the of insecurity, often of a more regional or establishment and effective functioning of Southern African Development Commu- domestic nature. Extremism, civil confl icts, the structures of the African Union. nity (SADC), to place it in a better position organised trans-national crime, drug traf- to respond to the changing development fi cking, internally displaced people, and The New Partnership for Africa’s Develop- challenges facing the region. Particular small arms proliferation are all elements ment (NEPAD) is key to Africa’s develop- emphasis was placed on the ratifi cation of that lead to heightened states of tension, ment, within the broader theme of an the new Southern African Customs Union and often also to internal and cross-border African Renaissance. The Department of (SACU) Agreement, the fi nalisation of the friction. During the reporting period, the Foreign Affairs led the establishment of in- Strategic Indicative Plan for SADC, and the Department has therefore given particular stitutional arrangements for the implemen- fi nalisation of the SADC Mutual Defence attention to the following priority areas: the tation of NEPAD. The Department was also Pact. development of early warning systems; actively involved in implementing current confl ict resolution and post-confl ict recon- NEPAD priority areas that span countries Peace and security struction; security co-operation; and the and regions. These included: bridging the pre-eminence of multilateralism. infrastructure gap, especially in information The Department is aware of the intercon- and communications technology (ICT) and nectedness between socio-economic de- 62 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 63

PROGRAMME 1: Administration OUTPUT AND SERVICE DELIVERY TRENDS: AIM: The programme conducts the overall policy development and management of the Department. It provides for policy formulation by the Minister, the Deputy Minister, Achievements and outputs produced the Director-General and other members of the Department’s management. Other during the fi nancial year 2003/04 are cov- functions include: organising the Department; rendering streamlined and co-ordinated ered under the respective business units as administrative offi ce support and parliamentary services; managing departmental per- follows: sonnel and fi nances; determining working methods and procedures; exercising internal control; and providing the internal audit function. The programme also includes providing Chief Financial Offi cer (CFO) consular and agency services in Pretoria and abroad, and purchasing vehicles for the Department. The aim of the PFMA is to modernise budget and fi nancial management practices in departments in order to maximise the Technology (ICT) • CORPORATE SERVICES capacity of departments to deliver services - Implement Human Resource to all its stakeholders (citizens, customers, Development and Performance The following 8 key objectives were identi- etc.) Management System fi ed by Corporate Services in its quest of - Attraction and retention of competent providing an effective support function to The Department has been able to imple- people the line objectives of the Department. ment the Act in a sequenced and priori- - Decentralisation of decision making in tised manner, focussing on reforms of inter- order to improve effi ciency KEY OBJECTIVES nal processes, practices and policies, and - Improving customer service delivery embarking on qualitative implementation - Ensuring integrated and optimum - Proper implementation of Public as guided by the National Treasury (GRAP, functioning of our missions abroad Finance Management Act and Public Procurement Reforms, etc.) The following - Ensuring that the transformation of the Service Regulations. key initiatives were undertaken in a phased Department of Foreign Affairs is in line - Provision of a stable and adequate manner and an indication is given of activi- with and in support of the Constitutional Information Communication ties during 2003/04: mandate 64 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 65

Decentralisation South African Mission in Berlin As reported in the previous fi nancial year, the Department embarked on a process to decentralise some corporate services function to Branch level. During the review period the Department managed to select suitable candidates for deploy- ment at Branch level. When the process is complete each Branch will have a staff well for the Department in meeting section compliment of four offi cials from corporate 32 reporting requirements of the PFMA. It services. These offi cials will also be responsi- will also contribute to timeous information ble for co-ordinating missions operations as being available in order for departmental the missions report directly to business units managers to make informed decisions. within Branches. With this process being completed and an implementation strat- Financial Training egy developed the decentralisation process will be implemented during the course The changed practices (from a one-di- of 2004/05 fi nancial year. mensional situation, fi nancial processes that were generally centrally controlled by Financial Systems prescribed bureaucratic rules, and regulations that stifl ed managerial effi ciency, The AxsPoint software, a product of AX- inhibiting innovation and often resulting Sone, was chosen as the preffered fi - in poor decision-making) has required nancial system to be introduced at our fi nance and non-fi nance departmental missions abroad. As part of the fi rst phase staff at senior and lower levels to undergo of implementation, the interim solution, training to ensure that the quality of fi nan- which is spreadsheet based, has been in- cial management and implementation of troduced at 80% of our missions. This augurs the PFMA improve. Workshops on the PFMA 64 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 65

are ongoing and have proved disclosure and reporting, and the been factored into the De- prudent management of department’s partment’s overall annual assets and liabilities. training interventions. Despite chronic capacity constraints, the The challenge facing most Department has made good progress in departments is the lack of most of the compliance aspects relating to skills by fi nance offi cials to the implementation of the PFMA, e.g: adequately implement the PFMA. In its forward-plan- 1. Annual fi nancial statements were ning strategy, the Depart- compiled and submitted timeously to ment intends to address the Auditor-General; this crucial issue. 2. Strategic Plans aligned to the National Strategic Objectives of Government Normative Measures for were developed; and Financial Management 3. An Internal Audit and Audit Committee continued to be operational to giving In line with the national effect to international good corporate norms and standards as governance practices. developed by the National Treasury, the Department Human Resources has embarked on review- ing its internal procedures, Human Resources exists to provide sup- processes and systems in port and ensure that Business Units are in a order to facilitate better position to deliver on their objectives. This is performance, measur- achieved through various facilitative proc- able outcomes, reformed esses as outlined under part 2. accounting practices, im- 66 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 67

Security ised ID card system will ensure effi cient and in Pretoria. Support was provided for Presi- effective access control and save on pro- dential and Ministerial overseas visits. The following achievements for the fi nan- duction costs. cial year in respect of the Department Se- A security policy was drafted and forward- Mission Computer Upgrades curity can be tabled: ed to the National Intelligence Agency for comments and inputs. Mission Relocations:Two missions were up- The vetting backlog has been addressed graded during the relocation of the chan- whereby all offi cials posted abroad were Chief Information Offi cer ceries. Computer systems were installed at vetted prior to their departure on a foreign four new missions and at the same time posting and two vetting offi cers were ap- MSP maintenance and repairs visits were under- pointed and successfully completed their taken in fi ve other missions and this included training at the SANDF. The Master Systems Plan investigation was the installation of additional equipment. Due to the non-compliance of security completed and the fi nal draft MSP report measures at Departmental buildings, as- was submitted to SITA for certifi cation. The Update of Head Offi ce Voice and Data sessments were done and the upgrading SITA is in the process of developing the Network of physical security at Departmental build- data models for the MSP in preparation for ings has commenced. certifi cation. The outdated Token-ring data network that A security committee has been established existed in four of the department’s build- in the Department. The security commit- Presidential and Conference Support ings in Pretoria and the DFA offi ces in Cape tee will serve as a binding mechanism to Town was upgraded to a Catt-5 converged all stake-holders to ensure the formulation ICT provided data, computer and com- voice and data structured cable installa- of policies and to enhance delivery with munications infrastructure at AU Ministerial tion. The data network was upgraded to regards to security services in the Depart- meeting at Sun City and Sandton City. ICT an Ethernet network. This project took ap- ment in conjunction with the National Intel- also provided user support during these proximately fi ve months to complete and ligence Agency and South African Police evens to delegates, the media and De- was completed ahead of schedule and Services. partment’s staff. Secure, encrypted links within budget. All departmental building Approval was granted for the implementa- were also established to enable secure are now running on Ethernet. tion of a new computerised ID card system communicaions for Department’s staff be- for the Department. The new computer- tween the various vanues and Head Offi ce 66 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 67

Financial Systems

In 2003 National Treasury changed to the BAS fi nancial system. ICT assisted with this conversion within the department.

SITA approved the procurement of the AxsPoint fi nancial software package for mission fi nancial reporting. Phase One, the development of web access and the development and distribution of standardised spreadsheets to missions, was completed. Missions are now able to report fi nancial data to Head Offi ce in a standard format. The next phase of the development of the mission fi nancial system will continue in 2004.

Project Support

ICT is providing technical support to Consu- lar Services and to Protocol (DIAP) for the development of their specialist systems. SITA is undertaking the investigations into Deputy Ministers Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, Brigitte Mabandla and the business requirements and will propose Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge during President Thabo Mbeki’s state visit abroad solutions. ICT will ensure that SITA takes the MSP into account and that common aspects of the systems are considered to reduce duplication. 68 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 69

Other Achievements 109 South African citizens from abroad; Facilities were also put in place to make it General assistance rendered to approxi- possible for South African citizens tempo- The Department’s Intranet browser was mately 144 distressed South African citizens rarily absent from the Republic to vote at all upgraded to Internet Explorer version Six. abroad and their relatives in South Africa; our missions. Assistance was also rendered The secure e-mail system was introduced to the SANDF, in cooperation with the IEC, within the DFA domain. The Department’s Assistance rendered in 3 364 cases of serv- with troops deployed on peace missions anti-virus software was updated and this ice of process, evidence on commission, in Africa amounting to 3400 individuals, ensured that the DFA network was not extradition, maintenance orders, etc; as well as the Navy Project Teams based affected by the two major virus attacks in Hamburg and Kiel amounting to 189 experienced on the government network. Determined the whereabouts of 73 South individuals; However, the department’s operations African citizens abroad and of 29 foreign were hampered because of the problems nationals in South Africa; Assistance rendered to the British High experienced as a result of these attacks. Commission in respect of their nationals Assisted with 24 social welfare cases, eg. killed in a road accident; Consular and Agency Services with cases involving abductions and adop- tions; Represented the Department at the Im- The Directorate: Consular and Agency migration Advisory Board and Chaired the Services strives to provide a world class Assisted in dealing with scams and other Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, consular service to South African citizens fraudulent activities, approximately 290 Trade and Tourism for the period May 2003 abroad in accordance with the Batho Pele cases; to March 2004. Principle and in line with the Department’s strategic objectives. The following selection Legalised/authenticated 16 502 docu- Foreign Service Institute of consular interventions are highlighted: ments; Transformation & Repositioning Assistance rendered to 809 South African Coordinated, on behalf of the IEC, with 104 citizens detained or imprisoned abroad; of our missions abroad, making it possible Having realised the challenges facing the for 1082 South African citizens on Govern- FSI, the Department initiated a project to Assisted with the return of mortal remains of ment service and their families to vote. reposition and transform the Institute. This 68 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 69

President Thabo Mbeki, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and President Abdelaziz Boutefl ika during the WSSD held in Johannesburg 70 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 71

is aimed at increasing its capability to be- a mid-career refresher course to ensure ess of being fully converted into Learn- come a leading and recognised Training re-integration at Head Offi ce and to allow ership programmes. Draft Learnership Institute that is well positioned to contribute them to share their experiences. programmes have been designed in con- towards creating outstanding diplomats junction with DIDTETA and have been pro- who will continue taking a leading role on Unit Standards and Qualifi cations visionally registered with the Department of the African continent and in the interna- Labour. tional arena. The FSI made signifi cant progress in the generation of unit standards and qualifi - Training In October 2003 an international scan of cations. The Standards Generating Body diplomatic training in 5 countries around (SGB) which was formed and launched in During the period under review the foreign the world was conducted. The purpose July 2002, with the assistance of DIDTETA Service Institute offered several training of the study was to benchmark for best in- (Diplomacy, Intelligence, Defence & Trade programmes. These programmes provided ternational practice and to assist the man- Education and Training Authority) com- participants with management, adminis- agement of DFA in the transformation and menced with the generation and writing of tration, language and leadership skills that repositioning of the Foreign Service Institute unit standards in January 2003. Through a would enable them to serve and manage so as to enable it to compete favourably rigorous consultative process with relevant in South African missions competently, and with its counterparts, both nationally and stakeholders such as SAQA, DIDTETA and to meet the challenges of global diplo- internationally. subject matter experts from the Depart- macy. The following training programmes ment, the following qualifi cations have were offered: After the benchmarking exercise was com- been registered on the NQF: - Heads of Mission Orientation pleted the Director-General appointed a - National Diploma in Diplomacy programme Task Team to look into the repositioning of - Advanced National Certifi cate in - Diplomatic Training programme the FSI. The Repositioning Task Team re-de- Mission Management - Mission Administration programme signed the training programmes and de- - National Certifi cate in Mission - Mission Foreign Affairs Assistants veloped a draft structure for the Institute. Administration programme According to the re-designed model, all - English and Foreign Language Training offi cials returning from missions will undergo The above qualifi cations are in the proc- - Spouses’ Orientation programme. 70 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 71

President Thabo Mbeki, accompanied by Ambas- sador Sisa Ngombane, Ministers Stella Sigcau, Dr Manto Tshabalala- Msimang and Alec Erwin in Kinshasa, DRC following the opening of the SA Diplomatic Village

Co-operation Agreements tries. The protocol includes co-operation - The exchange of visits between between the South African Foreign Service members of both institutes; and During the Sixth Joint Bilateral Commission Institute and its Egyptian counterpart, the - The exchange of visits between the in July 2003, a Protocol of Co-operation be- Egyptian Diplomatic Training Institute. The trainees of both institutes through tween the Arab Republic of Egypt and the areas of agreement include, inter alia: - training trips. Republic of South Africa was signed by the - The exchange of academic curricular Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the two coun- between the institutes; 72 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 73

PROGRAMME 2: Foreign Relations Presidential political Advisor Billy Masetla (far left) and Ambassador Monaisa (far right) in discussion with President de Menezes of AIM: This programme promotes relations with foreign countries and facilitates the De- Sao Tome and Principe partment’s participation in international organisations and institutions, in pursuit of South Africa’s national values and foreign policy objectives. While all the objectives are ap- as the UN Security Council. South Africa plicable to all regions, the emphasis may differ depending on current circumstances or is currently committed to initiatives in An- anticipated developments in a particular region. gola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Côte d’ Ivoire, DRC Ethiopia, Erit- rea, Liberia, Rwanda, Sao Tomé and Princ- PROGRAMME POLICY ipe, Sudan, Western Sahara, Zimbabwe, the continent including at all major inter- and the Palestine-Israeli confl ict. There has DEVELOPMENTS national and regional institutions such as been remarkable progress recorded in var- the UN, G8, ASEAN, MERCOSUR, GCC and ious peace processes underway, among Foreign Relations played a signifi cant role EU. One of the most crucial aspects of the the most signifi cant achievements being in the transition of the Organisation of Afri- NEPAD process is to ensure success in the the following: Burundi, DRC, the Comoron can Unity (OAU) to the African Union (AU), implementation of the African Peer Review peace processes, the Rwandan and Ken- with South Africa assuming the role of Chair Mechanism (APRM). South Africa is among yan presidential and parliamentary elec- until the July 2003 Maputo Summit. South the fi rst group of countries to have agreed tions, democratic elections in Madagascar Africa continues to play a signifi cant role to be reviewed. and the Sudan Peace process. as part of the AU Troika and although it will remain a member until July 2004 it is The programme also provides for South During 2003/04, new missions were opened expected to continue active participation Africa’s involvement in peace initiatives, in Africa (Antananarivo, Bujumbura, Khar- well beyond. The Department participated including the management of confl icts on toum, Lubumbashi and Yaundé) and in actively in the process that facilitated the the continent, the development of security Asia (Almaty, Hanoi, Muscat and Shang- recognition and acceptance of NEPAD as structures in the region and at the AU level, hai), and in the Middle East (Damascus the primary development programme of and reform of international institutions such and Doha). 72 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 73

OUTPUTS AND SERVICEDELIVERY TRENDS:

• CONSOLIDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AFRICAN AGENDA

Restructuring of SADC and SACU

The SADC National Contact Point in the Department of Foreign Affairs continued to co-ordinate South Africa’s participation in all SADC activities and to facilitate regional integration in Southern Africa.

The National Contact Point was responsible for arranging South Africa’s participation in all the major SADC meetings such as the fi rst SADC Integrated Committee of Minis- ters meeting in May 2003, the HIV and AIDS Summit in July 2003, the SADC Summit in August 2003 and the SADC Council of Min- isters meeting in March 2004. The Contact Point also contributed to the good progress made in the establishment of the Trade and Industry, Finance and Investment sector of SADC, with the Trade Protocol being 74 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 75

President Thabo Mbeki meets President Joaquim Chissano ahead of handing over the chairpersonship of the AU to Mozambique 74 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 75

implemented to liberalise intra-regional Southern African region for the next 15 The setting up of the Commission of the AU trade. Work has also progressed well in years. The Department also participated commenced in July 2003, with the election concluding the Finance and Investment in the development and fi nalisation of the of former President Konaré of Mali and Mr Protocol for the region by the end of 2004, Strategic Plan for the Organ of Politics, De- Patrick Mazimhaka of Rwanda as the new with many Memoranda of Understanding fence and Security (SIPO) and the SADC Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson of (MoU) in place to govern activities related Mutual Defence Pact. The SADC Summit the Commission respectively. Eight Com- to harmonised macro-economic conver- adopted all three instruments in August missioners were also appointed. It should gence and the work of regional develop- 2003. be noted that fi ve of the Commissioners ment fi nance institutions. are female, thereby achieving complete The Department has facilitated South Af- gender parity in the top management of The Department has in the past year also rica’s ratifi cation of seven SADC Protocols the Commission. The expected process in represented South Africa on the SADC during the past year. fully establishing the AU Commission will Review Committee which was tasked with include the assessment of current staff the institutional restructuring of SADC. As Transformation of the Organisation and the appointment of new staff (already a member of this Committee, South Africa of African Unity (OAU) into the commenced), resulting in a 755 strong played an important role in the review of African Union (AU) Commission. SADC institutions and has overseen the implementation of the new SADC structures At the Maputo Summit in July 2003, South The Commission has developed a fi rst draft that are now in operation. The Review Africa handed over the Chair of the African vision, mission and framework on which its Committee has largely completed its man- Union to Mozambique. South Africa will still programme will be based. date and will provide a fi nal report to the be part of the AU troika as outgoing Chair SADC Summit in August 2004. until July 2004. The Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the AU has been established in terms of a South Africa, through the Department of The main challenge for the fi rst year of the Protocol which came into force on 26 De- Foreign Affairs and other relevant depart- AU was the setting up of its priority struc- cember 2003. The sub-structures of the PSC ments, contributed towards the develop- tures. Another challenge was the laying of yet to be constituted are: ment of the SADC Regional Indicative the groundwork for the rest of its proposed - the African Standby Force, consisting Strategic Development Plan (RISDP), which structures as enshrined in the Constitutive of fi ve stand-by Brigades, one in each is the blueprint for the development of the Act of the AU. region of the AU, 76 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 77

- the Panel of the Wise, consisting of ty Policy (CADSP) as mandated by the Dur- concluded. South Africa launched its own fi ve eminent persons selected by the ban Summit in 2002.The Draft Framework chapter from the sectors outlined by the Chairperson of the Commission, that had been developed was considered Draft Statutes. - an Early Warning System with national by Ministers of Defence and Security. It has and regional components and, since been adopted as a Declaration by The Protocol on the Court of Justice was - a Peace Fund to support the activities the AU Assembly session in February 2004 in adopted by the Assembly in Maputo and of the PSC. Sirte, Libya. will now have to be ratifi ed. South Africa is in the process of ratifying this Protocol. The The members of the PSC were elected on 16 On the “people’s organs” of the AU, Court of Justice will, among other things, March 2004 by the Executive Council of the namely the Pan African Parliament and adjudicate on the interpretation of the AU. In accordance with the requirements the Economic, Social and Cultural Council Constitutive Act of the AU. South Africa was stipulated in the PSC Protocol, the PSC is (ECOSOCC), considerable progress has actively involved in the process leading to comprised of fi fteen member states, fi ve of been made. The Pan African Parliament the adoption of the Protocol to the African whom will serve for a three-year period, and Protocol has been ratifi ed by the requisite Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on a further ten, who will serve for a two-year 27 member states, and has entered into the Rights of Women in Africa on 16 March period each. The members are also repre- force. The Inaugural Session of the Pan 2004 in Addis Ababa. sentative of each of the fi ve regions of the African Parliament took place from 18 – 20 AU. The current members, who were elect- March 2004. South Africa offered to host The AU has also concluded discussions on ed to serve three-year terms, are Algeria, the Pan African Parliament. amendments to the Constitutive Act. The Ethiopia, Gabon, Nigeria and South Africa. amendments are now contained in a Pro- Cameroon, Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Le- ECOSOCC, as a meeting of civil society, tocol which has to be ratifi ed by member sotho, Libya, Mozambique, Senegal, Sudan, has been closely followed by the South states. South Africa has already ratifi ed this and Togo were elected for two-year terms. African Government because of its impor- Protocol. The historic launch of the PSC took place on tance in mobilising civil society and giving 25 May 2004. Members of the PSC will take them more than a nominal voice in Con- The Executive Council in Maputo con- the Chair on a monthly rotational basis. tinental affairs. ECOSOCC comes into be- fi rmed the decision by its 3rd Extraordinary ing once its statutes have been approved Session in Sun City, that the new scale of Related to the PSC is the development of and not by means of a Protocol. A fi rst assessment will include a two-tier fl oor, one the Common African Defence and Securi- draft of the ECOSOCC statutes has been of 0.25% and the other of 0.75%. Member 76 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 77

states’ population size, level of indebted- The Minister of Foreign Affairs has been launching a South African Chapter of the ness and GDP, among other factors, will mandated by Cabinet to lead the NEPAD Economic, Social and Cultural Commission. be used to calculate their level of contribu- process in South Africa, along with the It is designed to feed into the ECOSOCC to tion. Minister of Trade and Industry. A Quartet + be established at the AU level and will be two of Directors-General has been estab- used to engage key civil society stakehold- The Executive Council agreed on a ceiling lished to serve as a strategic management ers on NEPAD and the APRM. of 8.25%. Countries such as South Africa, tool for South Africa’s engagement in the Egypt, Algeria and Nigeria will fall in this NEPAD process. The Director-General of South Africa has played an instrumental category and will each be responsible Foreign Affairs serves on this Committee. role in the development of the generic ac- for 8.25% of the total budget of the Union tion plans and projects of NEPAD, including per year. The AU budget for 2004 currently Furthermore, an African Renaissance Com- the short-term Action Plan for Infrastructure stands at USD 43 million. mittee (ARC) has been established in the (STAP), the Comprehensive African Agricul- International Relations, Peace and Security ture Development Programme (CAADP), New Partnership for Africa’s (IRPS) Cluster to ensure inter-departmental the e-Africa Commission programme, the Development (NEPAD) co-ordination on the consolidation of the Health strategy, and the Environment initia- African Agenda, encompassing AU, NEPAD, tive. South African Ministers and Directors- South Africa’s focus during the past year SADC and SACU matters. The Department General play a leading role with regard to has been that of a core driver of the over- chairs and provides the Secretariat for the specifi c priority areas. all NEPAD process. The Department has ARC. As such, overall responsibility for the played a pivotal role in supporting the work co-ordination of NEPAD at the operational As regards the implementation of projects of President Mbeki, in his role as a member level resides with the Department. identifi ed under the NEPAD process, South of the NEPAD Heads of State and Govern- African parastatals and the private sec- ment Implementation Committee (HSGIC) The Department is also a partner with the tor are playing a critical role. ESKOM, for and the African Peer Review Mechanism Department of Trade and Industry in sup- example, is the key player in the imple- (APRM) Forum and in co-ordinating the en- porting the NEPAD Business Group (SA), mentation of NEPAD energy projects and is gagement of South Africa and the work of chaired by Mr Reuel Khoza of ESKOM, and already implementing a number of energy all Government Departments in the NEPAD in pursuing business opportunities arising inter-connector projects. The Development process. out of the NEPAD process. The Depart- Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA), the Indus- ment and the Presidency have assisted in trial Development Corporation, Transnet, 78 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 79

Minister of Trade and In- dustry Mandisi Mpahlwa and Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, jointly mandated to lead NEPAD in South Africa 78 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 79

and Telkom are all playing a catalytic role rundi, Ethiopia and Sierra Leone. mitted to supporting the implementation of in driving project implementation on the NEPAD and concrete initiatives are being continent and major investments have al- In line with its mandate, the Department taken in this regard. One such initiative is ready been made. continued to promote NEPAD in all inter- the offer of a $200 million line of credit from national fora and to ensure that concrete the Indian government. South Africa has been hosting the NEPAD support for its implementation is forthcom- Secretariat since its establishment, as well ing from the political commitments secured Lastly, the Department has been closely as the APRM Secretariat, and has been in its support. Critically, this work entails ne- involved in the process of operationalis- the biggest fi nancial contributor to the gotiating a new paradigm of partnership ing the organs of the AU and ensuring its budgets of both to date. In addition, it has with the international community, secur- functioning and effectiveness, as NEPAD’s seconded the Economic Advisor of the ing a more equitable international system institutional parent body. Furthermore, the President to head the Secretariat and the and environment for Africa and ending Regional Economic Communities (RECs) Steering Committee and has seconded a the marginalisation of the continent in the are the building blocks of the AU and the number of offi cials, including Departmen- era of globalisation. Much progress in this key implementing agents of the NEPAD tal offi cials, on a full-time basis to the Sec- regard has been achieved in interactions programme. The Department has been retariat. with the G8 states, the European Union, the working within SADC to fi nalise the restruc- United Nations, the World Bank, the IMF and turing and rationalisation process and the South Africa played a critical role in the the OECD. fi nalisation of the Regional Indicative Stra- development and design of the APRM tegic Development Programme (RISDP), as an innovative collective expression of A major focus of the Department during which is aligned to the NEPAD programme, the determination of NEPAD leaders to the year has been on expanding South- to ensure the effectiveness of SADC. promote good governance, peace and South co-operation in support of NEPAD. stability in a collaborative, non-punitive The Sino-Africa Ministerial in December Peace, Stability and Security in approach. South Africa acceded to the 2003, the AASROC Ministerial in Indonesia Africa APRM in March 2003. South Africa, led by in July 2003 and the establishment of the the Department, also actively supports the India-Brazil-South Africa partnership are il- The National Offi ce for the Co-ordination of peace and security element of NEPAD and lustrative of this thrust. As a result of this Peacekeeping Missions (NOCPM) South African troops are presently involved process of international engagement, the in peacekeeping missions in the DRC, Bu- entire international community is now com- South Africa’s involvement in Peacekeep- 80 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 81

ing Operations has rapidly developed over the last few years and its role and capacity has resulted in high expectations regarding its involvement in various peace operations in Africa.

The South African Parliament adopted a White Paper on South Africa’s participation in international peace missions in Oc- tober 1998. The White Paper provided a comprehensive policy framework on the country’s approach and participation in international peace missions. The docu- ment also casts peace missions within a wider, peace-building framework that em- phasises that peace missions are just one of the numerous options available for engagement. Furthermore, the White Paper states that South Africa’s involvement in any peace mission should be based on the country’s capacity and on the likelihood of a peace mission’s contribution to long- term peace, stability and development in the area of confl ict.

The National Offi ce for the Co-ordination of Peace Missions (NOCPM) within the SANDF (South African National Defence Force) Department was established to meet the peace keeping force members in the DRC various challenges presented by the White Paper. 80 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 81

The NOCPM also initiates actions pertain- Organisation for African Union Mission in taxation, aviation, science and technol- ing to the country’s present and future Ethiopia and Eritrea (OLMEE). Both these ogy, culture and tourism. During this report- participation in attempts to resolve con- Peacekeeping missions were authorised ing period 59 Bilateral Agreements were fl icts through such means as preventative by the AU but till recently not specifi cally also concluded. diplomacy or direct participation in peace mandated by the United Nations Security missions as mandated by the AU and UN. Council as currently the case with AMIB. Bilateral Relations with Africa

During the reporting period South Africa • BILATERAL RELATIONS During the period under review, South was listed as the eleventh largest Troop Africa has seen consolidation of bilateral Contributing Country (TCC) to the United The Department continues to play an relations with a number of countries on Nations, a remarkable achievement bear- active role in the expansion and further the continent. Currently, South Africa has ing in mind that the country only became development of bilateral relations with all thirty-four missions that are fully operational directly involved in UN Peacekeeping op- nations and peoples, especially in areas throughout the continent. erations in 2001. and regions where South Africa has not previously been represented. Southern Africa South Africa’s TCC contribution centres on UN Peacekeeping Missions in Africa. In During the period under review, the expan- Southern Africa remained essentially this regard, during the review period there sion of bilateral relations was further consol- peaceful and stable during the year under were 1 418 South African National Defence idated through structured interactions tak- review. On the economic front, although Force members serving in the United Na- ing place at Presidential or Ministerial level, Southern African countries co-operated tions Mission in the DRC (MONUC), ten in and through Embassies, High Commissions closely through SADC and AU structures, the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and and Consulates. Furthermore, South Africa there was also increased bilateral co-op- Eritrea (UNMEE) and three in the recently pursued relations with strategic countries eration between South Africa and the created United Nations Mission in Liberia and partners through Bi-national Commis- countries of the region. (UNMIL) - a total of 1 431 SANDF members. sions, Joint Co-operation Commissions, Partnership Forums and other structured In Angola, efforts aimed at peace and re- An additional 1 500 SANDF members serve mechanisms. This has enhanced co-op- construction have continued unhindered. in the African Mission in Burundi (AMIB) and eration and relations in fi elds such as trade, Both the governing MPLA and opposition four SANDF personnel are seconded to the UNITA held successful party congresses 82 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 83

in 2003 and the process of reconciliation R100 million to the World Food Programme, ing the trade imbalance between the two made visible progress. Since the beginning specifi cally targeted at six Southern African countries. of 2004, two co-operation agreements countries (Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, have been signed with Angola, one on Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe). The Tanzania continued to play a crucial role in health and the other on agriculture. Dur- Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) the peace and security of the Great Lakes ing the March 2004 meeting, several draft will draw up the implementation plans. region, especially in the deliberations re- agreements were initialled and it is expect- garding the Burundi Peace Process, which ed that they will be signed later in 2004. The third session of the South Africa/Namibia is being facilitated by Deputy President JPC on Defence and Security took place in Jacob Zuma. South Africa, as is the case with other in- Pretoria in 2003. The South African Minister ternational role players, is aware of the of Defence, Mr Mosiuoa Lekota, hosted the Consultations on the establishment of a political, economic and social challenges meeting, which was also attended by his Presidential Economic Commission be- Zimbabwe is facing. It is becoming more Namibian counterpart, Mr Erkki Nghimtina, tween the Governments of South Africa evident that a process of negotiation be- as well as the Namibian Minister of Home and Tanzania also took place. The Com- tween the MDC and the ZANU-PF is the Affairs, Mr Jerry Ekandjo. mission would provide the necessary co- only solution to the political challenges fac- operative framework to manage the de- ing Zimbabwe. South Africa’s efforts spring A number of bilateral meetings between velopment and implementation of bilateral from the premise that ways and means South Africa and Mozambique during 2003 projects as well as the Spatial Development should be identifi ed and pursued to assist have played an important role in cement- Initiatives (SDI’s) Programme, in particular Zimbabweans in their endeavour to fi nd a ing closer relations while simultaneously the Mtwara and Central Development home-grown solution to their political chal- monitoring the successful implementation Corridors, which have been identifi ed as lenges. of macro-economic projects in Mozam- regional NEPAD priority programmes. bique such as the Temane Natural Gas South Africa enjoys cordial relations with Project. This project was completed with On 1 August 2003 the 5th Heads of State Swaziland and both countries are working the fi rst batch of gas transported from Economic Bilateral Meeting between South towards the establishment of a joint bilat- Temane to Secunda in February 2004. It is Africa and Namibia was held in Windhoek. eral commission for co-operation. envisaged that the export of gas to South The items on the agenda focused primarily Africa will contribute substantially to rectify- on various economic co-operation projects On 29 March 2004, South Africa contributed 82 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 83

such as Spatial De- 11 - 13 March 2003. velopment Initiatives The two countries (SDI), tourism, energy entered into an and the ongoing ne- agreement on gotiations between the establishment SACU members and of a Joint Perma- the USA. Two bilat- nent Commission eral agreements for Co-operation were signed viz. the (JPCC), which Natural Gas Trade was signed by the Agreement and Ministers of For- the Treaty for the eign Affairs. History Establishment of the was made when !Ai-!Ais/Richtersveld President Mbeki Transfrontier Conser- addressed the Bot- vation Park. swana Parliament on 11 March 2003, In line with the The Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma the fi rst foreign agreement signed and her Angolan counterpart MinisterJB de Miranda President ever to between Lesotho exchange an accord signed in Pretoria be accorded this and South Africa in honour. 2001, a Donor Briefi ng took place on 10 the Geochemical Mapping Project was April 2003 in Maseru. The briefi ng was aimed approved. In addition President Mbeki in- Relations with Malawi and Zambia were at soliciting international funding for various augurated the Lesotho Highlands Water given a boost when a delegation of sen- projects in Lesotho, which would promote Project Phase 1B at Mohale Dam, a bi- ior offi cials visited Malawi and Zambia in the objective of assisting Lesotho to gradu- national project between the Republic of March 2004 to discuss ways and means of ate out of the classifi cation of Least Devel- South Africa and the Kingdom of Lesotho. establishing a formal platform to guide co- oped Countries. In this regard, funding for operation between South Africa and the the Hydrological Water Project as well as The President paid visit to Botswana from two countries. 84 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 85

Central & West Africa

During the Inter-Congolese Dialogue (ICD) at Sun City in 2003 the All-Inclusive and Global Agreement on the Transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Transitional Constitution were endorsed. Representatives of the different groups signed the Final Act, which comprises the 36 resolutions adopted during the previous session of the ICD at Sun City.

President Mbeki paid a state visit to the DRC in January 2004. This visit culminated in the signing of a General Co-operation Agreement as a result of which a Joint Bi- lateral Commission was established which laid the foundation for future co-operation between the two countries and is expected Minister Dlamini Zuma visited the Republic South Africa at the beginning of December to be inaugurated in the course of 2004. of Congo (RoC) and the Republic of Ga- 2003 during which the two countries signed bon in November 2003 during which she a General Co-operation Agreement whilst The Minister of Provincial and Local Gov- signed a co-operation agreement with the a Bilateral Promotion and Protection of In- ernment, Mr FS Mufamadi, hosted a del- RoC and a co-operation agreement as vestments Agreement was signed during egation of the DRC on 18 March 2004 for well as a tourism agreement with Gabon. February 2004. the South Africa/Democratic Republic of The co-operation agreements will establish Congo Joint Ministerial meeting in Pretoria. structured bilateral mechanisms with both South Africa, as part of an AU delegation, This meeting took place within the context countries. assisted in the negotiations that restored of the General Co-operation Agreement President Fradique de Menezes to power signed earlier between the two Heads of President Obiang Nguema M’Basogo of in July 2003, following the bloodless coup State. Equatorial Guinea paid a working visit to d’état in Sao Tomé and Principe. South 84 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 85

are currently in the process of being re- 4 June - 18 August 2003 on the resolution solved through the implementation of the of the Liberian crisis. President Mbeki wit- Minister of Provincial and Local Government Marcoussis Agreement (Côte d’Ivoire) and nessed the resignation of former President Mr Sydney Mufamadi, who on behalf of Min- the Comprehensive Peace Agreements Charles Taylor and attended the inaugural ister of Foreign Affairs Dr Nkosazana Dlamini (Liberia). Throughout both confl icts, South ceremony of Vice President Moses Blah as Zuma assisted to facilitate the Inter-Congo- Africa has supported initiatives aimed at President of Liberia. lese Dialogue bringing effective resolution to the cri- ses. South Africa will continue to play a In an effort to support post-confl ict recon- constructive role, under the auspices of struction in Guinea-Bissau and in response Africa subsequently made a donation of ECOWAS and the AU, to assist both Côte to the call by the ECOSOC Ad Hoc Advi- non-lethal equipment to the armed forces d’Ivoire and Liberia to fully restore peace sory Committee on Guinea-Bissau for the of that country and remains committed to and stability. The political situation in Benin, international donor community to give participation in the International Commit- Ghana, Niger and Togo has remained rela- emergency assistance to the people of tee of Guarantee and Follow-up which will tively stable, but in Burkina Faso a group of Guinea-Bissau as they put in place a cred- ensure that the conditions which led to the military offi cials unsuccessfully attempted ible government and to rebuild their coun- abortive coup will be addressed. to overthrow President Compaore in mid- try, the South African government made 2003. a contribution to the UNDP Trust Fund for Following the successful coup d’état in the Guinea-Bissau in February 2004. Central African Republic (CAR) by General President Mbeki attended the 2003 ECOW- Francois Bozize in March 2003, South Africa AS Summit in Accra in September and, in Bilateral co-operation on the promotion of maintained a careful watch on the progress his capacity as Chair of the African Union, peace, stability and security in Africa was made by the new regime in that country the October meeting of the ECOWAS me- comprehensively discussed during the of- towards democratic elections to be held diation committee in Abidjan. The President fi cial visit to South Africa by Cape Verdean early in 2005. Minister Dlamini Zuma visited also attended the Paris Summit, which lead Prime Minister José Maria Neves in July 2003. Bangui during November 2003 where she to the Marcoussis Agreement, at the end of Similar discussions continued during the 5th was briefed on the efforts to return the CAR January 2003. annual session of the South Africa-Nigeria to constitutional government. Bi-national Commission of Co-operation South Africa supported the Liberian Peace (BNC) held in Lagos from 8 to 12 December The confl icts in Côte d’Ivoire and Liberia Talks convened in Accra, Ghana, held from 2003. 86 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 87

South African trade exports to West Africa by the region, the AU and the UN resulted implementation of the Arusha Peace and saw a slight increase during 2003 but im- in the establishment of transitional arrange- Reconciliation Agreement. ports from the region fell signifi cantly from ments in the two countries. South Africa just over R 4 billion in 2002 to just over R 3 supported Rwanda in the preparation of South Africa continued to engage the billion in 2003. This resulted in a decline in the electoral system and successful demo- Burundi role-players in addressing the out- total trade with the region from R 9,1 billion cratic presidential and parliamentary elec- standing issues on power sharing with a in 2002 to R 8,3 billion in 2003. Despite this tions were held in August and September view to Burundi holding elections in terms overall decrease in trade volume, South Af- 2003. South Africa further commended of the stipulations of the Arusha Peace and rican exports to countries such as Ghana, Kenya and Uganda for their efforts towards Reconciliation Agreement of 28 August Guinea, Togo, Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso constitutional reviews and good govern- 2000. and Liberia increased substantially. ance. South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda worked closely in encouraging the Burundi South Africa has begun a process of estab- Nigeria, followed by Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire parties to reach a political settlement. lishing formal structural frameworks to man- and Guinea, remained South Africa’s larg- age bilateral relations with countries of the est trading partner in West Africa, with total The continued confl ict and instability in the region during 2002. A Joint Commission of trade with Nigeria representing 63% of its region contributed towards the poor eco- Co-operation (JCC) has been established total trade with the region in 2003. nomic performance and breakdown in with Rwanda, while the JCCs with Burundi, communal structures. The continued con- Kenya, and Uganda are in the process of East Africa fl ict has exacerbated poverty and contrib- being fi nalised. The JCCs will focus on the uted to the slow resettlement of refugees areas of trade, investment, tourism, agricul- The political and socio-economic land- and internally-displaced people. South ture, defence, education, health, fi nance, scape in the Great Lakes region countries, Africa’s bilateral relations with countries in transport, police, sports and culture. (that is Burundi, DRC, Kenya, Rwanda, Tan- the Great Lakes Region improved steadily zania and Uganda) was largely shaded during the period under review. South Africa continues to support the Ken- by confl ict, instability and a general lack yan government in its efforts towards con- of security. The efforts aimed at secur- South Africa’s engagement in Burundi will stitutional review. South Africa and Uganda ing a successful political settlement and continue to be informed by the leading have established an annual educational cease-fi re in Burundi and the DRC under role that South Africa has assumed in man- exchange program that involves the prov- the leadership of South Africa, supported aging the process towards the successful inces. The Free State Education Depart- 86 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 87

Left to right: Pierre Nkurunziza, Acting President Domiteen Ndayizeye of Burundi, Former President Nelson Mandela, Jean Menani and Deputy President Jacob Zuma

ment and selected schools visited Uganda lishment of a Joint Ministerial Commission a developmental approach to bilateral in 2003. (JMC). relations and co-operation between South Africa and Ethiopia. During a visit in March 2004, Minister Nkosa- As one of the least developed countries in zana Dlamini Zuma signed a General Co- the world, and as a fl edgling democracy, President Mbeki convened a meeting of operation Agreement with her Ethiopian Ethiopia is faced with enormous socio-eco- the AU Troika and the Countries of the Re- counterpart which provides for the estab- nomic challenges. There is thus a need for gion, in his capacity as Co-ordinator of the 88 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 89

Countries of the Region on the situation in shown phenomenal growth in trade fl ows The initiative of South Africa in bringing to Comoros, in 2003. The meeting culminated and direct foreign investment by South closure the Lockerbie impasse eventually in the signing of the Moroni Agreement by African business interests. South Africa is led to a successful settlement by the lifting the four Presidents of the islands of the Un- currently the largest foreign investor in the of United Nations sanctions against Libya ion of the Comoros which paved the way region with a substantial investor presence in 2003. Consolidation of bilateral rela- for the holding of Parliamentary elections in in Kenya, Mauritius, Rwanda, Tanzania and tions has been enhanced by the state visit March and April 2004. Uganda. Madagascar is viewed as an ex- of President Mbeki to Libya in June 2002, cellent investment destination for South Af- which also coincided with the inaugural There are real prospects for an end to the rican business interests. A large number of session of the South Africa-Libya Joint Bilat- Sudanese civil war following the signing of South African investors are already present eral Commission (JBC). The next session of the Machakos Protocol in July 2002. The in Madagascar, with many others poised to the JBC is scheduled to take place in 2004. Government of Sudan and the Sudan Peo- enter the domestic economy. As a result of ple’s Liberation Army (SPLA) have reached South Africa’s efforts to grant preferential During the reporting period South Africa an agreement on one of the most conten- access to products originating from the re- sent a search and rescue team, headed tious issues, i.e. self-determination for South- gion, there have been encouraging signs by the SANDF, to assist in the aftermath of ern Sudan, by means of an envisaged ref- of a shift towards greater equilibrium in the the devastating earthquake in Algeria and erendum that will pose the alternatives of current trade balance with South Africa. its environs. Within the multilateral sphere, continued unity or secession by the South, particularly on matters affecting the Af- at the end of a six-year interim period. North Africa rican continent, the South Africa-Algeria partnership continues in earnest. In line An agreement reached on Security Ar- The implementation of NEPAD and its suc- with the AU and NEPAD ideals, it exemplifi es rangements during the Interim Period on cess hinges on the effective co-operation successful co-operation and collaboration 25 September 2003 paved the way for the and economic integration of Africa’s re- based on solidarity, equality and mutual negotiating parties to reach an agreement gional groupings. The North African states benefi t. These benefi ts are evident in areas on Wealth Sharing During the Pre-Interim constituting the Arab Maghreb Union like technology, defence and, arts and cul- and Interim Period on 7 January 2004. (AMU) remain the only African non-op- ture. Besides the regular consultations and erational regional grouping. Nevertheless, bilateral visits under the BNC’s Technical Bilateral trade between South Africa and bilateral relations and co-operation with Working Groups, a BNC Mid-Term Review countries of the East African region have North Africa continue to grow in strength. Meeting took place in Algiers from 28 April 88 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 89

2003 to 2 May 2003. President Mbeki will host Algerian President Boutefl ika during the 5th session of the South Africa-Algeria BNC in October 2004 in Cape Town.

Algeria and South Africa will, throughout 2004, continue to co-operate in various events marking South Africa’s 10 Years of Freedom and the 50 years of the founding of Algeria’s Front for National Liberation (FLN). Other co-operation projects include the SITEV (Algerian Tourism Fair) and SAFEX. Since the establishment of the Joint Bilat- eral Commission of Co-operation in 1998 and the subsequently Bi-national Commis- sion (BNC), 20 bilateral agreements have been concluded in the fi elds of transport, trade, minerals and energy, science and technology.

Morocco is South Africa’s largest trading Minister Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma with her Tunisian counterpart Minister HB Yahia partner in North Africa. The largest com- during the South Africa-Tunisia Joint Bilateral Commission ponent of the trade between South Africa and Morocco is coal. A large South African ice (SARS) visited Morocco to discuss and intensify the bilateral relationship between delegation attended the South-South Sum- intensify bilateral relations. A large delega- South Africa and Morocco. The second mit in Marrakech towards the end of 2003. tion of South African women also attended session of the Joint Bilateral Commission will Apart from this, South African delegations the Global Summit on Women. be held in Morocco during the second half from the Department of Trade and Industry of 2004. (DTI) and the South African Revenue Serv- Greater effort will be made during 2004 to 90 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 91

The meeting of Senior Offi cials in prepara- turmoil and disagreement regarding the to fi nd resonance with both Canada and tion for the Fourth Session of the Joint Bilat- USA’s invasion of Iraq and generally nega- the USA in the context of African regional eral Commission (JBC) between the Re- tive economic perceptions about the USA. initiatives. The visit to South Africa by Presi- public of Tunisia and the Republic of South The failure of the WTO talks in Cancun in dent Bush in July 2003 was signifi cant in that Africa was held in Tshwane during the 2003 had implications for bilateral rela- it afforded President Mbeki and President period under review. Parallel to the Senior tions beyond trade issues, particularly in Bush the opportunity to discuss bilateral Offi cials meeting, the Tunisia-South Africa the case of the USA. Interactions between and regional issues personally. After their Business Forum was held. Business leaders South Africa and its partners in this region, meeting, President Bush acknowledged from the food processing, telecommuni- the USA and Canada, continued to focus President Mbeki’s efforts to bring about a cation, textiles, automotive services (engi- primarily on garnering understanding and resolution to the ongoing challenges fac- neering, technical), electrical parts, steel support for the implementation of NEPAD, ing Zimbabwe. The USA has also expressed and leather products sectors attended regional peace, security and stability ini- consistent support and appreciation for this meeting. The parties exchanged pro- tiatives, and economic development and South Africa’s ongoing regional role in at- grammes related to exhibitions and trade co-operation. tempting to secure peace and stability in fairs and agreed to promote mutual par- the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ticipation in these events. Bilateral engagements with the USA in Burundi, the Ivory Coast and the Comoros. particular were also used by senior South Despite announcing the creation of the The Sixth Session of the Joint Bilateral Com- African Government representatives to $15 billion Millennium Challenge Account, mission between the Republic of South continue to underline South Africa’s stance which would be its contribution to support- Africa and the Arab Republic of Egypt was in line with its deep and principled belief ing the NEPAD, the USA did not announce held in Tshwane, South Africa, from 14 to 15 in the importance of seeking consensus benefi ciary African states during this period July 2003. and multilateral solutions to challenges because it was still developing its eligibility facing the international community. In this criteria. Bilateral Relations with North regard, Canada has been like-minded, America given its strong traditional emphasis on The Department facilitated inclusion of a multilateralism. NEPAD focus in the Corporate Council on Relations between South Africa and North Africa’s fi rst Capital Flows to Africa Confer- America during this period largely played Despite differing with the USA over its inva- ence, in New York in October 2003. A result out against a background of international sion of Iraq, this approach has continued of this participation was the decision to 90 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 91

President and Mrs Thabo Mbeki with President and Mrs George Bush in Pretoria

host the next conference in South Africa in announce concrete measures in support of Progress with regard to the implementation September 2004. Canada has also been the NEPAD with the creation of the CS$500 of the NEPAD was one of the issues dis- particularly prominent amongst G-8 mem- million Canada Fund for Africa, it was also cussed with Prime Minister Chrètien and his bers with regard to supporting the NEPAD. responsible for co-ordinating the G-8 re- Cabinet during President Mbeki’s state visit Apart from being the fi rst G-8 country to sponse to NEPAD. to Canada in November 2003. The visit also 92 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 93

afforded the opportunity to address trade SACU-US Free Trade Negotiations, which, and investment opportunities, especially in once completed will have the potential Minister of Foreign Affairs the fi elds of mining, agro processing and of encouraging new capital investment; Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma host information and communication technol- and continuing to support the extension by her French counterpart, ogy. Minister Dlamini Zuma and her Cana- the USA Congress of the life span and key Minister Dominique De Villepin for dian counterpart, Mr Bill Graham, signed a textile provisions under the AGOA by the US Bilateral discussions in Cape Town Joint Declaration of Intent on Strengthened Congress. Co-operation between the two countries. It made provision for annual consultations Bilateral Relations with Europe between South Africa and Canada at sen- Council, disarmament and human rights. ior offi cial level. The fi rst consultations took In addition to the dialogue at the multi- place in Pretoria in February 2004. They lateral level of the EU and G8, Africa has The European region is also a signifi cant centred on concrete bilateral interaction historical links with Europe and continues to role-player in the furtherance of the African especially in the fi eld of development co- seek a special relationship for political and Agenda, with France, Belgium, Italy, Spain operation as well as the promotion of the socio-economic development. South Afri- and United Kingdom particularly engaged African Agenda. ca’s relations with Europe have improved in confl ict resolution, as well as post-confl ict signifi cantly through political interaction, reconstruction efforts. South Africa also Levels of capital investment remained sta- economic relations and development as- found like-minded partners in Europe on ble, but did not increase as hoped. The sistance since 1994. Interactions with Eu- important global issues such as UN Reform, USA remained the largest single foreign in- ropean countries continue to expand with multilateralism, Millennium Development vestor in the South African economy since several reciprocal high-level visits, regular Goals, reform of the global fi nancial sys- 1994 and Canada maintained its status as political dialogue, numerous structured tems and in addressing challenges of the one of the largest foreign investors in the bilateral mechanisms, and continuous civil South. South African mining industry. Renewed society and business level interaction dur- efforts will be required to increase capital ing this reporting period. Diplomatic activ- Countries in the Eastern and Central Eu- investment to levels in line with South Afri- ity focused on issues such as economic rope regions are at various levels of politi- ca’s stable economic prospects. Economic globalisation, market access, trade, invest- cal, economic and social transformation. priorities with regard to the USA during this ment, tourism, development co-operation, Furthermore, more countries of the region period were twofold: participation in the debt relief, the reform of the UN Security will join the EU during April 2004, while sev- 92 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 93

Co-operation (ITEC) again demonstrated that it is the most important instrument in facilitating relations.

The Trade, Development and Co-operation Agree- ment (TDCA) entered into with the European Union provisionally entered into force in January 2000 and full implementation is expected to commence on 1 May 2004. At the com- mencement of the TDCA the EU’s two-way trade with South Africa amounted to R132 billion. By 2002 trade had signifi cantly increased to R280 billion, but 2003 trade was reduced to R185 billion owing to diffi cult global market conditions.

In multilateral fora, the EU and its associated states, to- eral others may do so by 2007. Hence, rela- is steadily improving. In the case of the gether with other western countries form a tions with this region are becoming increas- Russian Federation, the Joint Inter-Govern- formidable block in articulating their inter- ingly important and interaction with them mental Committee on Trade and Economic ests during multilateral negotiations. The EU 94 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 95

is on the verge of changing its “character” involvement in South Africa, Africa and set of administrative procedures will apply, through enlargement, constitutional reform NEPAD. which will in turn simplify dealings for South and the search for a Common Foreign and African operators within Europe. In general, Security Policy. It is, however, foreseen that The TDCA governs South Africa’s relations the EU’s tariffs are lower than those of the the EU’s interest in South Africa and NEPAD with countries within the EU. The TDCA acceding countries so enlargement will re- will be steadfast and continue to develop has been complemented by two Secto- duce tariffs rather than increase them. in a positive way. ral agreements, namely the Science and Technology Agreement and the Wines In addition, European countries have re- Europe’s economic strength makes it a and Spirits Agreement in addition to the peatedly expressed their commitment to potentially vital international partner in development co-operation instrument, contribute to poverty reduction in the de- achieving the objectives of NEPAD. the European Programme for Reconstruc- veloping world, as well as to sustainable tion and Development (EPRD). The EPRD developmental growth and the gradual It is important that the European Parlia- has an annual package of Euro 127,5 mil- integration of developing countries into ment, which has budgetary powers, should lion and is the single largest development the global economy. The recent launching be continuously informed of identifi ed programme in South Africa fi nanced by a of the Economic Partnership Agreements projects of NEPAD. Some countries, as well foreign donor. The 2003 2006 framework for (EPAs) negotiations with the ACP, and the as the President of the European Commis- development co-operation has an indica- EU’s emphasis on “Everything but Arms” sion, have already appointed Special Rep- tive fi nancial envelope of approximately initiative, provide opportunities to work in resentatives to work with the NEPAD Secre- Euro 126 million per annum. this direction. tariat and identify areas of co-operation in NEPAD projects. The TDCA is expected to substantially in- South Africa also interacts with the EU as crease South Africa’s trade with Europe. a member of the ACP, particularly to lend Europe remains South Africa’s largest trad- South Africa already ranks as the EU’s 15th support to the active engagement of the ing partner and its main source of Foreign largest trading partner. South African ex- EU in developing trade opportunities for Direct Investment (FDI) and Overseas De- ports will benefi t from an increase in the ACP countries. Although South Africa has velopment Assistance (ODA). Regular con- size of the EU market, which will create qualifi ed membership of the ACP-EU Cot- sultations with the EU and its Member States new opportunities for South African en- onou Partnership Agreement (CPA), and is also take place on the maintenance and trepreneurs. A single set of trade rules, for therefore excluded from the trade regime possible expansion of their constructive example, common tariff rates and a single and development assistance, it partici- 94 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 95

pates fully in dialogue on important issues relations continued to cement relations an offi cial visit to the Bahamas. such as peace-building, confl ict preven- enhanced by the consistent exchange of tion, respect for human rights, democratic high level visits. In respect of the subsequent developments principles and the rule of law, good govern- in Haiti, South Africa criticised the political ance and other issues of mutual interest. President Mbeki paid a successful state unrest that ensued and the unconstitutional visit to Jamaica during July 2003, which also removal of Haiti’s democratically-elected Bilateral Relations with Latin consolidated SA’s relations with CARICOM President. America and the Caribbean when the President addressed its Summit in Montego Bay, Jamaica, during the same Economic co-operation between South South Africa has sought to strengthen visit. Africa and Mexico has increased substan- bilateral relations with this region since tially with growing South African invest- 1994. Hence South Africa has established SA in keeping with the AU’s decision has ment not only in Mexico, but also in Central resident Embassies in Cuba, Peru, Jamaica, been prominent in the quest for enhancing American countries, such as Honduras and Mexico and Venezuela, whilst Mexico, Co- Afro-Diaspora solidarity. At the meeting of El Salvador. This has been enhanced by lombia, Cuba, Peru and Venezuela estab- the Heads of State and Government of the President Mbeki’s visit to Monterrey during lished resident Embassies in South Africa, Caribbean (CARICOM) in Jamaica in 2003, 2002 and President Vicente Fox’s attend- signifying an expansion and deepening of President Mbeki stressed the unique and ance of the WSSD in South Africa. relations. historic symbolism of Haiti’s Independence as the fi rst Black Republic in the world. South Africa’s relations with the member Relations with Cuba received priority atten- countries of Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, tion with co-operation projects being co- At the Haiti Bicentennial Celebration, the Paraguay and Uruguay, with Chile as ordinated through the Joint Bilateral Com- President noted that the celebration of Observer) have greatly improved. Brazil mission. Priority areas included human re- Haiti’s Revolution and South Africa’s Dec- remains by far South America’s largest source development in the fi elds of health, ade of Liberation “must serve to inspire economy and is a driving force in Mercosur. education, housing, and water affairs and all Africans to act together, decisively, to At the invitation of the Brazilian Foreign Min- forestry. The respective Foreign Ministries end their poverty, underdevelopment, ister, South Africa was represented at the utilised the Consultative Mechanism as dehumanisation and marginalisation”. The June Summit, when the six-month pro-tem- the ideal platform to review bilateral and President also used the opportunity of his pore Presidency of the organisation passed multilateral relations. The excellent bilateral participation in the Haiti celebration to pay to Uruguay. The next round of negotiations 96 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 97

between SACU and Mercosur had been due to take place on the fringe of the summit, but was eventually held in Montevideo, Uruguay, on 9 October 2003. The Montevideo talks provided new impetus with specifi c target dates and actions agreed upon by all sides. At the conclusion of the SA/SACU-Mercosur Free Trade Agreement, Mercosur, with more than 260 million people, will become an important market for South African products.

Brazil is South Africa’s largest trading partner in Latin America and has grown as an important tourist market for South Africa. Increasing numbers of tourists are also visiting South Africa from the other member countries of President Thabo Mbeki with his Brazilian counterpart Mercosur. South African Airways President Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva in Pretoria has launched a sixth weekly fl ight between Johannesburg and Sao Paulo and demand already war- group of countries, Brazil seeks to maintain bique during his visit to Southern Africa in rants a seventh weekly fl ight. close relations with the Portuguese-speak- November 2003 when he paid an offi cial ing countries in Africa. President da Silva’s working visit to South Africa. Brazil is also As an infl uential member of the Lusophone itinerary included Angola and Mozam- signifi cant as regards the African Diaspora, 96 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 97

having the largest population of African South Africa’s relations with Argentina, However, changes began to emerge in origin outside of the African continent, and Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile have stead- 2002 when President Mbeki was invited second only to the population of Nigeria. ily improved and it is expected that with to address the 9th Summit of the Associa- Argentina’s current economic recovery, tion of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) The current Brazilian administration has after a lengthy period of severe economic in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. This address accorded a high priority to Brazil’s rela- diffi culty, new opportunities for trade will led to an initiative by Indonesian President tions with Africa. In his fi rst public speech arise. Specifi cally in Argentina and Chile, Soekarnoputri for the forging of a New Stra- after being elected, President Lula da Silva the democratisation process is now fi rmly tegic Partnership between Asia and Africa emphasised that Africa would occupy an entrenched which augurs well for building with the specifi c aim of fostering closer important position in his foreign policy, with fi rm relations with like-minded partners in co-operation between Asian and African South Africa foremost in that regard. This that part of the world. regional and sub-regional groupings. The sentiment was echoed by Foreign Minister fi rst Asia-Africa Sub-Regional Organisa- Celso Amorim on more than one occasion Bilateral Relations with Asia and the tions Conference (AASROC I) took place during the Second Meeting of the South Middle East in Bandung, Indonesia, at the end of July Africa-Brazil Joint Commission in May 2003. 2003. The second AASROC conference The fact that Brazil agreed to participate at South Africa’s 13 Missions in the Asian re- will be held in South Africa during August that meeting, barely four months after the gion, fi ve years ago increased by end of 2004, to be co-hosted by South Africa and assumption of the new administration testi- 2003 to 16 Missions in twelve countries, plus Indonesia. These Conferences will pave the fi ed to that commitment. the territory of Taiwan. In addition, South way for the Asia-Africa Summit Meeting in Africa’s missions in Japan, China, India Bandung, Indonesia, on 25 April 2005 - on Brazil’s desire to further strengthen bilateral and Malaysia are in the process of being the 50th anniversary of the historic Asia-Af- and multilateral co-operation was further strengthened to refl ect the strategic impor- rica Conference held in Bandung in 1955. demonstrated during the visit by Minister tance of these countries. Dlamini Zuma to Brazil in June 2003. The It is estimated that South Africa’s total trade Brazil-Africa Forum, a joint initiative of the However, even as recently as 1999, South with the Asian region has risen from less group of African Embassies and the Brazil- Africa still had no contact with any Asian than R60 billion in 1999 to more than R140 ian Foreign Ministry, showcased NEPAD and regional organisations. The reason was that billion in 2003. South Africa’s top six trading opportunities for Brazilian engagement in these organisations limited participation in partners in the region are Japan, the Peo- that endeavour. their activities to countries in their region. ple’s Republic of China, Australia, Taiwan, 98 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 99

the Republic of Korea and India. Some 27 President Mbeki made two important visits Korea, tensions have dissipated consider- % of South Africa’s total trade is currently to the region in 2003: state visits to India ably. conducted with the Asian region. Trade (15 - 19 October), and participation in with ASEAN has grown markedly and now the Tokyo International Conference on The cease-fi re agreement between the Sri totals approximately R20 billion. African Development (TICAD) (29 Septem- Lankan Government and the Liberation ber - 1 October). During the period under Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) has remained The impact of the attacks in the USA on review, the President also paid a state visit to in force despite a hold-up in the continua- September 11, 2001, and the resultant US- Malaysia. tion of the peace negotiations. During 2002 led campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq, South Africa was approached by both the and globally against international terror- Discussions are under way between SACU Norwegian facilitators of the Sri Lankan ism, as well as a spate of terrorist attacks and China and SACU and India for the peace talks and the Sri Lankan Govern- in South, Central and South East Asia, development of framework agreements, ment to consider hosting a round of peace have resulted in a signifi cant projection of towards eventual FTAs with both countries. talks in South Africa between the LTTE and American infl uence into the Asian region. the Government of Sri Lanka. A delegation Australia, India, Japan, Pakistan, the Philip- The Asian region experienced some seri- of LTTE representatives visited South Af- pines, Singapore, Thailand, the Republic ous tensions that threatened peace and rica during 2003 on a fact-fi nding mission. of Korea and Uzbekistan, in a variety of security involving the possible use of nu- However, tensions within the Sri Lankan ways, have all strengthened their relations clear weapons. For example, India and Government, between the President and with the United States as a result of the Pakistan (both nuclear states) were on the the former Prime Minister, have led to the campaign against international terrorism. brink of an all-out war over the question of temporary withdrawal of the Norwegians Japan’s military policy is also beginning Kashmir. Similarly, the crisis over the refusal from the peace process. Consequently, the to change toward a more active use of its of the Democratic People’s Republic of Ko- anticipated hosting of a round of peace military resources in support of the US. It is rea (DPRK) to permit international inspec- talks by South Africa is dependent on a noteworthy that both Japan and Germany tions of its nuclear facilities stirred fears of resumption of the peace process with full had to amend their constitutions to over- nuclear weapons being directed at South participation of the main role players. come the ban imposed on them by Allied Korea and Japan should the stand-off with Powers after the Second World War on us- the USA escalate. However, with the re- Both Australia and New Zealand, especially ing troops outside their countries. cent rapprochement between India and through the participation of their respec- Pakistan, and some concessions by North tive private and semi-private institutions in 98 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 99

South Africa-Sri Lanka Joint Binational Commission: Minister Tyronne Fernando of Sri Lanka with Minister Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma

the fi eld of education, have contributed signifi cantly to development projects in South Africa. For instance, an exhibition devised by the Australian National Univer- sity (ANU) in Canberra entitled, “Science on the Move”, whose aim was to familiarise disadvantaged communities with physical science, toured South Africa in early 2003.

The close co-operation between South Af- rica and the region in the fi eld of environ- species. The Viarsa I, together with its crew technical co-operation and trade and mental conservation was demonstrated of 44, was initially escorted to Cape Town. investment. Australia is the 12th largest when the South African Navy and Air Force The Australian navy later escorted it to economy in the world and is South Africa’s participated in a successful operation with Freemantle in Western Australia, where the third largest trading partner in the Asian their Australian counterparts in the arrest, crew was tried and sentenced. region, after Japan and China and South in Antarctic (Australian) waters, of the Uru- Africa is Australia’s largest trading partner guayan-registered fi shing vessel, Viarsa I. Bilateral relations between South Af- on the African continent. This vessel was caught with an illegal cargo rica and Australia in all other fi elds grew of Patagonian toothfi sh - an endangered - including people-to-people contact, Two bilateral agreements with Australia, 100 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 101

one on fi shing and the other on co-opera- includes a radical permanent solution for all tion in science and technology, are under issues including borders, Jerusalem, and the discussion and will probably be signed in right of return of Palestinian refugees. Discus- 2004. The meetings between senior gov- sions on taking the Geneva Accord further ernment offi cials from South Africa, Aus- took place with the Foreign Minister of Swit- tralia and New Zealand that are scheduled zerland in February 2004 and the Depart- to take place during the second half of the ment participated in a Workshop in March following fi nancial year will further strength- 2004 on the same issue. en relations with the Australasian region. On 23 February 2004, Deputy Minister Pa- In the Levant Region South Africa has dip- had delivered an oral statement to the lomatic representation in Israel, Jordan, International Court of Justice on the issue Palestine and Syria, with a Mission in Iraq of the Legality of the Separation Wall being still to be opened once the situation in the erected by Israel. This presentation was in country stabilises. addition to a written statement that South Africa submitted to the court on 30 Janu- South Africa has been one of the strongest ary. voices in calling for the immediate implementation of the ‘Road Map’, without pre- The ongoing Israeli-Palestinian confl ict and conditions in order to achieve a compre- the situation in Iraq following the US-led in- hensive and lasting peace between Israel vasion of the county in March 2003, contin- 2003), South Africa had urged Iraq to of- and Palestine. Real progress will necessi- ued to be the principal focus in the Middle fer full co-operation with the UN weapons tate compliance by both parties with obli- East region during the period under review. inspectors and compliance with the Secu- gations as outlined in the Road Map to be rity Council resolutions which required that implemented without any preconditions. Prior to the outbreak of the Iraq war, South Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) Africa was an integral part of international be destroyed. As a Special Envoy of Presi- On 12 October 2003, the Geneva Accord efforts to fi nd a peaceful, diplomatic solu- dent Mbeki, Deputy Minister Pahad visited was made public in Jordan. The docu- tion to the Iraqi crisis, within the framework Iraq several times, including a visit three ment focuses on a peace agreement that of the UN. As Chair of NAM (until February weeks before the war started, with a team 100 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 101

Post-war, South Af- peacekeeping force, and establish rep- rica has focused its resentative governance institutions. South efforts on support- Africa agrees that peace, security and ing and promot- development in Iraq can only be achieved ing a multilateral with and by the Iraqi people themselves. approach and a central role for the From 5 to 12 June 2003, a humanitarian re- UN in the transition lief mission was co-ordinated between the in Iraq. The restora- Department of Foreign Affairs and a civil tion of sovereignty society initiative under the auspices of the to the Iraqi peo- Gift of the Givers Foundation. A humanitar- ple, as soon as ian fl ight was sent to Baghdad to deliver practicable, is a and distribute relief aid to civilians and refu- goal South Africa gees in the aftermath of the war. shares with many countries. South Af- South Africa attended the 23 –24 October rica had concurred 2003 Madrid International Donors Confer- with the adop- ence on Iraq as an Observer. tion of UN Security Council Resolution Beyond the Middle East confl ict and the 1483 (March 2003) Iraqi situation, South Africa remained en- Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma in and subsequently gaged with this sub- region. It represents discussion with Swiss Foreign Minister Calmy-Ray in Pretoria with 1511 (October a potential market for South Africa’s indus- 2003), which called trial, commercial and agricultural products. for a strengthening It is also a promising source of tourism, in- of South African disarmament experts. of the “vital role” of the UN in Iraq with a vestment and technical co-operation. However, all efforts to avert the war proved workable Chapter VII mandate to provide unsuccessful. humanitarian relief, promote economic Total trade with the region more than reconstruction, establish a multinational doubled in the past seven years. Although 102 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 103

modest in absolute fi gures, trade with the grow in the Persian Gulf region. Not only is Saudi Arabia, Iran and Kuwait. Iran, Saudi Levant region is notable for the largest posi- the area of strategic interest to South Afri- Arabia, Kuwait and the United Arab Emir- tive trade balances that South Africa has in ca, but it is also becoming a valued trading ates (UAE) remain South Africa’s major the wider Middle East. Israel ranks as one partner and source of Foreign Direct Invest- export markets in the region. Saudi Arabia of South Africa’s most profi table trade partment (FDI). South Africa maintains good and Kuwait are, on the other hand, the ners, with a positive trade balance of R4, 2 relations with all eight countries of the Gulf main sources of investment. billion having been realised in 2003. and has resident diplomatic missions in all, apart from Yemen and Bahrain, where The 7th Iran – South Africa Joint Binational South Africa established an Embassy in South Africa is represented by an honorary Commission was held in Pretoria in July 2003. Damascus, Syria, in December 2003 and consul and a consular agent respectively. Several Memoranda of Un derstanding were an Honorary Consul for South Africa was A number of bilateral agreements, which signed between South African Government appointed in Beirut, Lebanon, both steps will provide a framework for further co-op- Departments and their Iranian counterparts. that in time will further enhance South Af- eration, were concluded during the period The South Africa-Iran Business Forum, es- rica’s relationship with the Middle East. A under review. tablished during the JBC, aims to stimulate trade delegation of prominent Lebanese bilateral trade, bring the two countries’ businesspeople visited South Africa from 22 During this period, bilateral trade between private sectors closer together, and enable November to 1 December 2003. South Africa and the Gulf States exceeded the two countries to explore business and R25 billion. These fi gures include the pur- investment opportunities. South Africa’s involvement continues to chase of oil by South Africa, largely from 102 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 103

LIST OF BILATERAL AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED DURING 2003/04

20030404 Germany Agreement concerning Financial Co-operation Rural Electrifi cation (Photovoltaics).

20030404 Germany Agreement concerning Financial Co-operation (Municipal Infrastructure 111)

20030408 EU Financing Agreement concerning EPRD Support Facility : (SA/1005/000)

20030414 UNEP Agreement regarding the establishment of the UNEP Offi ce on the Dams and Development project in Cape Town. Entered into force 14. 04. 2003

20030423 Sweden Implementing Agreement on a Programme between Sweden and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality in the Area of Urban Development and Housing.

20030423 Sweden Implementing Agreement on Institutional Co-operation between the South African Revenue Service and the Swedish National Tax Board 2002 - 2005.

20030423 Sweden Specifi c Agreement on Urban Development 2003-2005 in Sol Plaatjie

20030425 Finland Agreement on Finnish Assistance to the Education Sector in the Republic of South Africa.

20030506 Denmark Memorandum of Understanding on Development Co-operation 2002 - 2006.

20030507 Romania Memorandum of Understanding concerning Defence Co-operation

20030512 Spain Agreement on Scientifi c and Technological Co-operation.

20030523 Switzerland Agreement concerning Values in Education Project.

20030526 Austria Agreement on Police Co-operation.

20030604 Brazil Agreement on Co-operation in Defence-related Matters.

20030606 Sweden Specifi c Agreement on Education Support to the Implementation of White Paper on Special Needs Education 2003 -2006.

20030610 Switzerland Declaration of Intent on Joint Co-operation in Africa.

20030618 EU Financing Agreement concerning Local Economic Development Support Programme in KwaZulu Natal Province (SA/1009/000) 104 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 105

20030620 EU Financing Agreement concerning Urban Development to the Ethikwini Municipality (SA/1007/ 000).

20030625 EU Financing Agreement concerning Confl ict and Governance Fund (CAGE) (SA/1011/000)

20030626 France Agreement regulating Technical Assistance.

20030626 France Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement regarding the Abolition of Visa Requirements for Diplomatic, Offi cial and Service Passport Holders.

20030714 EU Financing Agreement concerning Sector Wide Enterprise, Employment Equity Programme (SWEEEP) : (SA/1006/000)

20030731 EU South Africa - European Community Country Strategy Paper and Multi- Annual Indicative Programme for the Period 2003 - 2005.

20030801 Namibia Treaty on the Establishment of the !Ai-!Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Conservation Park.

20030801 SADC Memorandum of Understanding on Regional Projects and Programmes funded from the European Programme for Reconstruction and Development (EPRD).

20030805 Kenya Declaration of Intent on Co-operation.

20030807 Botswana Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income.

20030827 Mozambique Inter-Governmental Memorandum of Understanding on the North Mozambique Power Development Initiatives (“NMPD”).

20030828 Japan Agreement on Co-operation in Science and Technology. Entered into force: 28.8.2003

20030828 Ukraine Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal evasion with respect to Taxes on Income.

20030902 Japan Exchange of Notes concerning Japanese Cultural Co-operation for the supply of Audio- Visual Equipment.

20030902 Malaysia Agreement concerning Economic, Scientifi c, Technical and Cultural Co-operation.

20030902 Malaysia Memorandum of Understanding concerning the Establishment of a Joint Commission for Economic, Scientifi c, Technical and Cultural Co-operation. 104 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 105

20030920 Saudi Arabia Memorandum of Understanding concerning co-operation in the Military Field.

20031011 Iran Memorandum of Understanding in respect of Co-operation in the fi eld of Environment. Entered into force: 11.10.2003

20031014 Turkey Agreement on Co-operation in the fi elds of Education, Arts and Culture, Science and Technology, Sport, Recreation and Youth Affairs.

20031014 Turkey Agreement on Police Co-operation.

20031016 India Agreement concerning Co-operation in the fi eld of Electricity/Power.

20031016 India Agreement for Co-operation in Hydrocarbon Sector.

20031016 India Treaty on Extradition.

20031016 India Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters.

20031021 Qatar Agreement on Economic, Commercial and Technical Co-operation.

20031021 Qatar Agreement on the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments.

20031029 Benin Co-operation Agreement.

20031104 Canada Joint Declaration of Intent on Strengthened Co-operation.

20031108 Brazil Agreement on Scientifi c and Technological Co-operation.

20031108 Brazil Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income.

20031118 Czech Republic Agreement concerning the Protection of Classifi ed Defence Information.

20031201 Equatorial Guinea General Co-operation Agreement.

20031201 Sri Lanka Agreement on the Establishment of a Partnership Forum.

20031202 Cuba Agreement on Co-operation on Information and Communications Technologies (ICT).

20031214 Multilateral Agreement for the Establishment of a Tripartite Commission for the Voluntary Repatriation of Angolan Refugees. Entered into force: 14.12.2003 106 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 107

20040114 DRC General Co-operation Agreement.

20040123 Swaziland Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income.

20040127 Uganda Memorandum of Understanding in the Field of Health.

20040129 Angola Agreement on Health Matters.

20040203 Spain Agreement on Co-operation in the Fields of Arts and Culture.

20040301 Serbia & Montenegro Protocol on Co-operation. Entered into force: 1.3.2004

Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Aziz Pahad hosted his counterpart from Serbia and Montenegro Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr Dusan Crnigorcevic 106 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 107

LIST OF COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES WITH RESIDENT RSA HEADS OF MISSION as on 7/3/2004

COUNTRY MISSION HEAD OF MISSION

• ALGERIA Algiers Ambassador • ANGOLA Luanda Ambassador • ARGENTINA Buenos Aires Ambassador • AUSTRALIA Canberra High Commissioner • AUSTRIA Vienna (Emb) Ambassador Vienna (UN) Permanent Representative • BELGIUM Brussels (Emb) Ambassador • BELGIUM Brussels (EU) Ambassador • BOTSWANA Gabarone High Commissioner • BRAZIL Brasilia Ambassador Sao Paulo Consul-General • BULGARIA Sofi a Chargé d’Affairs a.i. • BURUNDI Bujumbura Liaison Offi ce • CAMEROON Yaoundé High Commissioner • CANADA Ottawa High Commissioner Toronto SA Trade and Investment Offi ce • CHILE Santiago Ambassador • CHINA (People’s Rep of) Beijing Ambassador Shanghai Consul-general • CHINA (Rep of) Taipei Representative • CONGO (Democratic Rep of) Kinshasa Ambassador Lubumbashi Consul-General • CôTE D’IVOIRE Abidjan Ambassador • CUBA Havana Ambassador • CZECH REPUBLIC Prague Ambassador • DENMARK Copenhagen Ambassador • EGYPT Cairo Ambassador • ETHIOPIA Addis Ababa Ambassador • FINLAND Helsinki Ambassador • FRANCE Paris Ambassador • GABON Libreville Ambassador • GERMANY Berlin Ambassador 108 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 109

Munich Consul-General • GHANA Accra High Commissioner • GREECE Athens Ambassador • HONG KONG Hong Kong Consul-General • HUNGARY Budapest Ambassador • INDIA New Delhi High Commissioner Mumbai Consul-General • INDONESIA Jakarta Ambassador • IRAN Tehran Ambassador • IRELAND Dublin Ambassador • ISRAEL Tel Aviv Ambassador

• ITALY Rome Ambassador Milan Consul-General • JAMAICA Kingston High Commissioner • JAPAN Tokyo Ambassador • JORDAN Amman Ambassador • KAZAKHSTAN Almaty Chargé d’Affairs • KENYA Nairobi High Commissioner • KOREA Seoul Ambassador • KUWAIT Kuwait City Ambassador • LESOTHO Maseru High Commissioner • LIBYA Tripoli Ambassador • MADAGASCAR Antananarivo Ambassador • MALAWI Lilongwe High Commissioner • MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur High Commissioner • MALI Bamako Ambassador • MAURITIUS Port Louis High Commissioner • MEXICO Mexico City Ambassador • MOROCCO Rabat Ambassador • MOZAMBIQUE Maputo High Commissioner • NAMIBIA Windhoek High Commissioner • NETHERLANDS The Hague Ambassador • NIGERIA Lagos High Commissioner Abuja Liaison Offi ce • NORWAY Oslo Ambassador • OMAN Muscat Ambassador. • PAKISTAN Islamabad High Commissioner 108 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 109

• PALESTINE Ramallah Representative Offi ce Gaza Liaison Offi ce • PERU Lima Ambassador • POLAND Warsaw Ambassador • PORTUGAL Lisbon Ambassador • QATAR Doha Ambassador • RUSSIAN FEDERATION Moscow Ambassador • RWANDA Kigali Ambassador • SAUDI ARABIA Riyadh Ambassador Jeddah Consul-General • SENEGAL Dakar Ambassador • SINGAPORE Singapore High Commissioner • SPAIN Madrid Ambassador • SWAZILAND Mbabane High Commissioner • SWEDEN Stockholm Ambassador • SWITZERLAND Bern (Emb) Ambassador Geneva (UN) Permanent Representative • SYRIA Damascus Chargé d’Affaires a.i. • TANZANIA Dar-Es-Salam High Commissioner • THAILAND Bangkok Ambassador • TUNISIA Tunis Ambassador • TURKEY Ankara Ambassador • UGANDA Kampala High Commissioner • UKRAINE Kyiv Ambassador • UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Abu Dhabi Ambassador Dubai Consul-General • UNITED KINGDOM London High Commissioner • UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Washington (Emb) Ambassador Chicago Consul-General Los Angeles Consul-General New York Consul-General New York (UN) Permanent Representative • URUGUAY Montevideo Chargé d’Affaires a.i. • VENEZUELA Caracas Ambassador • VIETNAM Hanoi Ambassador • ZAMBIA Lusaka High Commissioner • ZIMBABWE Harare High Commissioner 110 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 111

NON RESIDENTIAL ACCREDITATION 91 countries with which South Africa has diplomatic relations on TOGO the basis of non-resident accreditation SIERRA LEONE LIBERIA ARGENTINE Ambassador, Buenos Aires accredited to: CUBA Ambassador, Havana accredited to: PARAGUAY DOMINICAN REPUBLIC URUGUAY (* Also Mission) DENMARK Ambassador, Copenhagen AUSTRALIA High Commissioner, Canberra accredited to: accredited to: LITHUANIA NEW ZEALAND EGYPT Ambassador, Cairo accredited to: # COOK ISLANDS : These countries were previously non-resident LEBANON # FIJI : Accredited from Canberra. SYRIA (* Also Mission) # MARSHALL ISLANDS : Attention to move to another country # MICRONESIA : ETHIOPIA DJIBOUTI # SAMOA : SUDAN # SOLOMON ISLANDS : FINLAND Ambassador, Helsinki accredited to: # Not included in total of 91 countries ESTONIA

AUSTRIA Ambassador, Vienna accredited to: GABON Ambassador, Libreville accredited to: SLOVAKIA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SLOVENIA CHAD EQUATORIAL GUINEA BELGIUM Ambassador, Brussels accredited to: SAO TOMé & PRINCIPE LUXEMBOURG GREECE Ambassador, Athens accredited to: CHINA (People’s Rep. of) Ambassador, Beijing accredited to: BULGARIA (*Also Mission) KOREA - NORTH BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA MONGOLIA CYPRUS SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO CONGO, (Democratic Ambassador, Kinshasa accredited to: Rep. of) CONGO (Rep of) HUNGARY Ambassador, Budapest accredited to: CROATIA CôTE D’IVOIRE Ambassador, Abidjan accredited to: ROMANIA BENIN BURKINA FASO INDIA High Commissioner, New Delhi NIGER accredited to: 110 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 111

BANGLADESH NORWAY Ambassador, Oslo accredited to: MALDIVES ICELAND NEPAL SRI LANKA PERU Ambassador, Lima accredited to: BOLIVIA ITALY Ambassador, Rome accredited to: ECUADOR ALBANIA MALTA RUSSIAN Fed Ambassador, Moscow accredited to: SAN MARINO BELARUS

JAMAICA High Commissioner, Kingston RWANDA Ambassador, Kigali accredited to: accredited to: BURUNDI (* Also Mission) BAHAMAS BARBADOS SAUDI ARABIA Ambassador, Riyadh to be BELIZE accredited to: GRENADA BAHRAIN GUYANA YEMEN HAITI ST KITTS AND NEVIS SENEGAL Ambassador, Dakar accredited to: ST LUCIA CAPE VERDE ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES GUINEA SURINAME GUINEA-BISSAU TRINIDAD & TOBAGO THE GAMBIA MAURITANIA MALAYSIA High Commissioner, Kuala Lumpur accredited to: SINGAPORE Ambassador, Singapore accredited to: BRUNEI DARUSSALAM PAPUA NEW GUINEA PHILIPPINES SPAIN Ambassador, Madrid accredited to: MAURITIUS High Commissioner, Port Louis ANDORRA accredited to: COMOROS SWEDEN Ambassador, Stockholm accredited to: SEYCHELLES LATVIA

MEXICO Ambassador, Mexico City accredited to: SWITZERLAND Ambassador, Bern accredited to: COSTA RICA HOLY SEE (Vatican) EL SALVADOR LIECHTENSTEIN GUATEMALA HONDURAS THAILAND Ambassador, Bangkok accredited to: NICARAGUA CAMBODIA LAOS 112 Annual Report 2003/04 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa Annual Report 2003/04 113

MYANMAR The Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr TURKEY Ambassador, Ankara accredited to: Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma and the AZERBAIJAN KYRGYZSTAN Foreign Minister of Brazil Dr Luiz Nunes TADJIKISTAN Amorim for bilateral discussions TURKMENISTAN UZBEKISTAN in Pretoria

UKRAINE Ambassador, Kyiv accredited to: ARMENIA GEORGIA MOLDOVA

VENEZUELA Ambassador, Caracas accredited to: COLOMBIA PANAMA