Assessment of Assessment Report

Prepared By Waste Collection Practical Action

System Waste Collection Services by WORD, Faridpur October2013 Compost User & Agro Market

National 3R Goal

The national 3R goal for waste management is to achieve complete elimination of waste disposal on open dumps, rivers, flood plains by 2015 and promote recycling of waste through mandatory segregation of waste at source as well as to create a market for recycled products and provide incentives for recycling of waste.

Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. STUDY BACKGROUND

2.1 Faridpur Municipality 7 2.2 Compost Plant 7 2.3 Serve & Unserve Areas 8 2.4 Solid Waste Transfer Station 8 2.5 Objective 9 1 3. STUDY APPROACH 3.1 Survey methods 9

3.2 Survey Limitation 10

4. Resident Participation and Attitudes about Waste Management 4.1 Waste collection frequency 11 4.2 HH practice of waste dumping & cleanliness 11 4.3 Willingness to increase service charges 11 4.4 Coordination with Service Provider (WORD) 12

HH Survey HH 5. Customer satisfaction on waste collection Services 12-13

– CHAPTER TWO Result of Compost user & Agro Dealers 14-16 CHAPTER THREE Plant assessment: Scope for development and overall Management cycle 17-19

CHAPTER FOUR Findings Recommendation & Conclusion 20-27 APPENDIX A:

Pictorial: Community Bin/Solid Waste Transfer Station 28-30 CHAPER ONE ONE CHAPER

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

ABBREVIATION

% Percentage 3R Reduce, Reuse, Recycle BFF Beneficiaries Friendship Federation CBO Community Based Organization 2

EST Environmentally Sound Technology FGD Focus Group Discussion FM Faridpur Municipality GHG Green House Gas HH Households MSW Municipal Solid Waste NGO Non-Governmental Organization SUP Society for the Urban Poor SUSPER Sustainable Soil Management for Food Security of Poor Marginal & small farmers of active flood plain & Char Lands of Bangladesh TLCC Town Level Coordination Committee WORD Welfare Organization for the Rural Disabled WLCC Ward Level Coordination Committee WM Waste Management WMSC Waste Management Steering Committee

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

Acknowledgement

We are very much thankful to those who provided their valuable suggestion and time to complete the survey amidst political unrest prevailing during our survey. We like to express our gratitude to the honorable Mayor, Mr. Mahtab Ali Methu of Faridpur Municipality for his valuable time to share the initiatives.

Furthermore, we would like to recall the name with honor of Mr Anisur Rahman Choudhury, Councilor Ward no. 2 & Vice-President of Waste Management Steering Committee for his enthusiastic support all through along with Mr Idris Ali Khan, Councilor Ward no. 4 & President 3 of Waste Management Steering Committee.

We would like to dedicate all our efforts to the Head of Energy & Urban Services, Mr Uttam Kumar Saha who initiated the drive with a broad vision for a Sustainable Waste Management System in Faridpur Municipality and an access to a competitive Agro Market for compost

The team likes to express sincere thanks to them for their assistances and supports in a roll of honor

Mr Md Abul Kalam Azad ED, WORD Mr Nazrul Islam Coordinator, Waste Collection System, WORD ANM Fazlul Hadi Sabbir Secretary, SUP & Focal Person, IUD-II Project

Apart From my desk, my heartiest thanks to all team members

Mr Proshenjit Pal Field Coordinator, SUP Mr Nahid Rana Community Development Officer, SUP Mr Monjurul Islam Account & Field Officer, SUP

Mr Mahobul Islam Senior Environment Officer, Practical Action Bangladesh Mr Fariduzzaman Engineer & Urban Planner, IUD-II, Practical Action Bangladesh Mr Delwar Hosssain Mechanical Engineer, Innovation Center, Practical Action Bangladesh Mr Ibrahim Khalilullah Environment Officer, IUD-II, Practical Action Bangladesh Mr Piarul Islam Technical Officer, IUD-II, Practical Action Bangladesh Mr Enamul Hossain Accounts Officer, Practical Action Bangladesh

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Faridpur Municipality engaged only an NGO named WORD to provide door to door waste collection services and operation of Compost Plant since 2009. The objective of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive assessment of existing HH waste collection system by WORD and user satisfaction of compost so that necessary initiatives can be taken for 1. A sustainable waste management system in broader context covering the entire Municipal areas of its 25,941 HHs and 2. A developed and sustainable market chain for compost. 4

Considering 2 (two) indicators (1) Service Charge & (2) Behavior of waste collectors 66% respondents are satisfied with the services, 32% opine as average and only 2% are not satisfied.

Reasons for dissatisfaction (1) Subscription = 2% HH (2) Irregular in service 14% and (3) Behavior of waste collectors = 3.3 % HH

Willing to increase service charges for better management of waste 45% HH are found willing to contribute more, 30% HH were not willing to pay and 24% HH think existing system is ok. The main factor determining the “Willingness to Pay” is income.

754 HH with 3359 population of 11 settlements one of our major beneficiaries is not under this service. The service was discontinued due to non-payment of service charges as said by WORD authority.

Communication & Coordination 13% HH said they communicate if they need, 54% HH said they don’t need to communicate or they didn’t face any such situation either. 16% HH don’t know about the facilities for emergency communication. 18% HH don’t feel they should communicate. They think it will be no use. HH Practice of waste dumping & Cleanliness 3% HH throw waste in pond ditches /drain, 1% throws scatterly, 1.33% in dustbin. The majority 29% HH keeps waste in basket till collected by waste collectors. Compost user satisfaction the users are satisfied and willing to use compost if supply is available. But the challenge is their understanding, information about the merits of using compost including price. Agro dealer opinion the fact is we didn’t make any initiative to create a market access of our product. What was happened just to distribute few tons of compost under a project. Under this situation it was very tough to make any such comments from the dealers which could serve our purpose. In fact dealers like to cooperate through a marketing drive from our end. Condition of Community Bins & Secondary dumping Stations both are in pitiable conditions. There are 8 secondary dumping stations constructed under UGIIP 2. Only two stations are being used by WORD. One station near Medical Collage is being used by Municipality where some clinical wastes are dumped. The rest 5 remained under lock. The scenario of community bins is not satisfactory. Most of them are broken and found unhygienic. In fact people are not willing to re-construct within their congested residential arrangements. Pictorial Annex-A

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

We have 4 chapters in our report. In CAHPTER ONE we have covered survey on HH waste collection. CHAPTER TWO contains survey result on compost user and Agro Dealers, CHAPTER THREE contains a report on Plant assessment for further scope for development and Chapter overall management cycle with a view to strengthen WORD’s operation. In CHAPTER FOUR includes survey outline findings, recommendation and finished with a conclusion. 5

Snap Shot

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

1. INTRODUCTION

Solid waste management is a burning issue in the context of urban environmental degradation. This paper tries to show the household behavior of Faridpur Municipality residents towards kitchen waste management. The paper is the outcome of a primary survey of 300 households covering 9 WARD of the Faridpur Municipality.

It is one of the prime demands to develop a waste management system in Faridpur Municipality which comply with her vision 2030 to make a health environment for its residents. The task for 6 conservancy team of Municipality is very tough to cover its 22.39 territorial area with 25,941 HH, 1, 46, 921 populations and 15 km drains for a clean city.

The compost plant was established in the year April 2008 by Practical Action Bangladesh and continues its operation till hand it over to WORD. Municipality firstly engaged SUP, then BFF & WORD together for HH waste collection. In the year 2009 Faridpur Municipality decided to engage WORD alone both for waste collection and operation responsibilities of the compost plant. Since then WORD made its challenging pathway and increase its HH area from 1539 to 3275 in 3 years, without any project subsidy. In fact, Municipality provided 10 more cycle van for waste collection during this time span.

At this stage we feel the need for developing a sustainable, environment friendly waste management system in broader extent in the Faridpur Municipality so as to cover all Unserve areas. And to hold a place /position in the Agro Market for selling compost which will revive the waste re-cycling process and generate revenues for the plant itself. So, we need an assessment on waste collection service and compost user satisfaction. Side by side, the scope for further development of the plant is to be assessed along with the arrangement of necessary documents like certification of DoE for compost, Tax, VAT documents, record keeping of Inventory, Accounts & Finance which will strengthen the management cycle of WORD.

Therefore, scaling out the service satisfaction of existing HH waste collection system and market assessment for compost along with user (farmer/gardener) satisfaction and their comments, these were the main areas to achieve our objective to develop a sustainable waste management system for Faridpur Municipality and an access to agro market for compost.

We selected 300 HHs for waste collection system analysis randomly in 9 wards. For compost users 30 farmers/gardeners were selected from Sadarpur , to whom compost were distributed through a project, SUSPER in the year 2010. There were packets of different weight of compost starting from 1 kg to 10 kg. In Faridpur only 1 Agro Dealer was listed. The maximum 07 Dealers were listed from Rajbari, the adjacent district of Faridpur. We included them in our survey.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______2. STUDY BACKGROUND

2.1 Faridpur Municipality

Faridpur Municipality established in the year of 1869. Situated in the bank of river Padma the city houses 1,46,921 residents with 25,941 HHs in its 22.39 Sq Km territorial boundary.

Soon after commissioning as 7 Municipality it started with a drive in Solid waste Management because the issue emerged as the first stone in the way of developing a modern Municipality. At present the conservancy section has 155 sweepers, 4 supervisor, 1 conservancy inspector and 4 garbage carrying trucks as their last resources.

The city produced 54 tons of garbage every day and only 10 tons are collected. The rest 44 tons of garbage are being dumped in HH surroundings, drains, Pond, River posing an environmental threat in the Municipality. All its 15 km drains chalked Sanitary Landfill up in different spots causing water logging during rainy seasons. People don’t like dustbins in their residential areas as they are in pitiable condition due to proper maintenance. Many dustbins are destroyed from locality.

The city has no waste disposal ground therefore waste are being dumped in a corner part inside the city area. Under objection from civil society, WLCC, TLCC Municipality is trying to acquire land for establishing a sanitary landfill complying with her vision for a healthy city.

In a drive of promoting decentralized informal systems for recycling this waste (e.g. Composting, Generation of Bio-gas) Faridpur Municipality provide cooperation to establish a Compost Plant with the technical & financial assistance of Practical Action Bangladesh in the year 2007. Municipality decided to involve SUP – a forum of 13 working local NGOs for HH waste collection. But later two member NGOs (BFF & WORD) of SUP took over the responsibility for waste collection and finally Municipality assigned WORD alone to shoulder up the whole waste collection services. Practical Action Bangladesh supervised the whole system and shared the report in Waste Management Steering Committee. Coordination was established with conservancy section of Faridpur Municipality and WORD officials to expedite the collection and dumping system.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

2.2 Compost Plant

Practical Action Bangladesh handed over the plant to the Municipality in the year 2009. Since then WORD is continuing its operation. The plant has a unit for producing Bio-gas for HH use with the capacity of serving 5 HHS within 400 feet distance from the production unit and a waste recycle unit for composting with a monthly production capacity of 3 ton.

2.3 Serve & Un served Areas

Out of 25,941 HHs WORD is serving 3275 HHs in all 9 WARDs of Faridpur Municipality. Huge area of 22,666 HHs still remains un served with scope for extended services. 8

2.4 Status of Waste Transfer Stations/secondary dumping points

There are 8 Waste Waste WARD Transfer Stations among Transfer Location Status No. which only 3 stations are Station (nos.) in use by WORD and 1. New Bus Stand 1. Not in use 1 2 Municipality. The rest 5 2. Khodabox Road 1 2. Occupied 1. Shariatullah Bazar 1. Not in use stations remained under 2 2 lock among which 2 2. Old Bus Stand 2. in use by WORD stations are occupied by 3 1 1. Near Medical Collage 1. In use by Municipality other business in city road 1. Onathermor Road 1. In use by WORD 4 2 side and in cattle bazar. In 2. Opposite to Sonali Bank 2. Not in use remain dirty WARD no. 4 one station 9 1 1. Tepakhola Cattle Bazar 1. Not in use Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______which is located just opposite to Sonaly Bank main branch remained closed at the request of residents of that locality. In fact, there found some waste open. In WARD no.3, near Faridpur Medical Collage we found clinical waste mismanagement might pose an environmental threat and health hazards. Picture Annex 1

2.5 Objectives:

The objective of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive assessment of existing waste collection services and user satisfaction of compost so that necessary initiatives can be taken for 9 1. A sustainable waste management system in broader context covering the entire Municipal areas of its 25,941 HHs and 2. A developed market chain for compost.

3. STUDY APPROACH

3.1 Survey methods

3 types of questions were developed for HH survey, compost user (farmer) satisfaction and Agro Dealers. Information was collected using these structured questionnaires included questions on:

A. HH Waste Collection: . Satisfaction on Services . Household waste management practices . Willingness to increase service charges for a developed waste management system B. Agro Dealers: . Quality of compost in a competitive Agro Market in terms of price, weight C. Compost User . User Satisfaction

Selection of Areas and size of the Sample:

300 Households were randomly selected from each 9 wards covering 10% of 3275 HHs under existing service coverage. Wards are not homogenous but heterogeneous in terms of population density and land use patterns. To make the sample more representatives, HH were selected in such a way that they covered all the zones i.e. beginning to end.

For compost we select 10 users from a list provided by WARD and 20 Agro traders who sold the compost during piloting a project for farmers. A list of dealers has been attached in ANNEXURE B. Table 1 shows the HHs Under Sample HHs HHs Under Sample HHs Ward Ward detail regarding the Service(Nos.) (Nos.) Service(Nos.) (Nos.) selected wards and 1 245 24 6 387 38 size of the sample HH. 2 478 47 7 282 28 3 388 38 8 368 36

4 675 45 9 225 22 5 227 22 Sub Total 1262 124

Sub Total 2013 176 Grand Total 3275 300

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______The compost user (farmer/gardener) were selected from of Faridpur who were given 3 ton of compost distributed under a project SUSPER in several groups of 300 farmer/gardener with free of cost.

Data gathering techniques used:

Household level Individual interview and Agro shop, farmers, gardener (for compost). We had considered mostly a range of 31-40 years interval as respondent because of considering mature one. Our respondents were female/house wife as they deal with the service directly.

Data Processing 10

As soon as the filled-in questionnaires were received from the field, editors edited all questionnaires to remove the error and inconsistencies. The editing consisted following stages:

i. Check individual questionnaire to search for errors such as legibility, range, skip and consistency. For inconsistent data, it is been assumed which of the inconsistent answers is more likely to be correct and take appropriate action accordingly. For missing data, either found correct answer from other answers through mobile communication. ii. Cross-checked individual questionnaires against individual summaries. Further editing was done after data entry by computer to detect all kinds of inconsistencies and finally analyzed data. The analysis work done by using SPSS and in some part of MS Excel

3.2 Survey Limitation

The information in this report were basically derived from the analyses of information collected through household survey questionnaire from respondents of sampled 300 household of the 09 wards, 10 compost users of Sadipur Upazila and Rajbari Sadar Upazila. 07 Agro dealers of were interviewed.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

4. RESIDENT PARTICIPATION AND ATTITUDES ABOUT WASTE MANAGEMENT

4.1 Waste collection frequency Generally the waste collectors collect waste in 6 days in a week. Sunday is their holiday. But, sometimes they have to work in some particular area on Sunday. For long vacation, all HHs are informed by WORD office to avoid any difficulties or nuisance. 4.2 HH Practice of waste dumping & Cleanliness Normally they keep waste in 11 bucket, bin, basket, poly bag or any empty pot suitable for them till the waste are collected. The graph shows 3% HH throw waste in pond ditches /drain, 1% throws scatterly, 1.33% in dustbin. The majority 29% HH keep them in basket till collected by waste collectors. The result reveals the fact that, changing behavior is essential to stop dumping waste everywhere scatterly. 4.3 Willingness to increase charges Everybody believes a sound waste management system is essential to keep environment clean and healthy. In fact, in the issue for a developed system 45% HH were found willing to contribute more, 30% HH were not willing to pay and 24% HH think existing system is ok. From the graph shows 24% HH think the existing system is ok. This portion of HH/people needs to be oriented on a developed waste management system. Broadly speaking, they need to know like others.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

4.4 Coordination with Service Provider (WORD) In case of any irregularities they communicate with WORD official. Each HH were provided a monthly subscription book where there are instructions to meet emergency.

There is a scope to increase coordination and

communication 12 with HHs. People are not

clearly aware about their participation for a developed waste collection system

However, 13% HH said they communicate if they need, 54% HH said they don’t need to communicate or they didn’t face any such situation either. 16% HH don’t know about the facilities for emergency communication. 18% HH don’t feel they should communicate. They think it will be no use.

5. Customer Satisfaction on waste collection services Type of HH Ownership: Among the respondents 44% were tenant and 56% were owner of that particular HH. Length of service: The service length of 54% HH Service Length was less than a year, 31% HH More 3 Yr 11 were between the service lengths of 1 to 2 years, 11% HH were between the service 2-3 Year 32 lengths of 2 to 3 years and only 4% HH were taking this 1-2 Year 94 service for more than 3 years. No. of HH

Less 1 Yr 163

0 50 100 150 200

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

Customer Satisfaction:

We introduced 2 (two) indicators for Customer Satisfaction measuring customer satisfaction. No These were 2% 1. Service charges 2. Behavior of waste collectors Average 32% Considering these 2 (two) indicators Yes the quality of services were recorded 66% 13 from the respondents which the graph reveals that 66% respondents are satisfied with the services, 32% opine as average and only 2% are not satisfied. Besides, opinions of individual HH Service satisfaction comparing service were taken on 2 (two) indicators charges separately to identify the strength Yes No and weakness area for future 22% development. The graph shows

78% Satisfaction on waste collector behaviour

Yes No

16% that 78% are satisfied and 84% 22% are not satisfied with services comparing the service charges. 84% HH are satisfied with the behavior of waste collectors while 16% are not.

All through we were trying to identify the reasons for dissatisfaction among those HHs.

The graph shows the reasons:

Subscription = 2% HH Irregular in service = 14% and Behavior of waste collectors = 3.3 %

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5. RESULTS 5.2 Compost user satisfaction 5.3 Market assessment (Selected Agro Dealers) 14

Dealers

Compost Compost userAgro &

–

CHAPER TWO CHAPER

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

5.2 Compost user’s Satisfaction We interviewed 10 users in Faridpur, Sadar upazila and Rajbari Sadar upazila who were basically farmer. We recorded two cases each from Faridpur and Rajbari.

CASE 01: Faridpur, Sadipur Upazila, Village: Shoilodubi Farmer Name: Md Chand Mia Matabbar & Md Khabir Uddin Contact : 01715 888203 & 01717 564736 Compost used: 10 Kg each farmer 15 Result: Both Chand Miah and Khabir Uddin were satisfied with the results. Chand Miah said that he had a mango plant very weak and about to die which he planted in his courtyard. Soon after 3days the plant got life become fresh and stable. Md Khabir Uddin also noted satisfactory results in his small vegetable garden.

CASE 02: Rajbari District, Sadar Upazila, Village: Kamalpur Farmer Name: Md Samsu Sheikh Contact : 01854970987 Compost used: 125Kg Result: Md Samsu Sheikh is one of the group members holding a position of Group President. He applied 125 Kg of compost in his 27 decimal vegetable (pink lentil) garden. In the year round he got a production of 145 Kg which was only 80 Kg as usual. Many villagers came to visit his vegetable production. He also found good result in paddy field.

User comments: The user expressed their willingness to use this compost if supply is available.

Limitation: We collected information from the users who were distributed compost in the year 2009-10 under a project for single time only. Moreover due to shortage of time we could not cover more users directly.

We are trying to note any remark of dissatisfaction from the user end. We frequently asked our interviewee if they received any complain from their group members. They said they didn’t find any in their group meetings.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

5.3 Market Assessment (Selected Agro Dealers) 07 Agro dealers were participated in market assessment in our 1st round 5 questions were – 1. Available brand of compost in the market 2. Price of compost of different brand 3. Top product demand 4. Availability of compost 5. Monthly market demand 16

Product Line: There is hardly any supply of compost in the market. We found 3 types of compost among which one product is manufactured by poultry waste and it’s a local brand. Among the others two are- 1. ‘Waste Concern Joibo shar’ - a production of WWR Bio Fertilizer Bd Ltd. A joint venture of Bangladesh & Netherlands 2. ‘Joibo Shakti’ – a production of a Local company, 3. ‘Pusti Joibo Shar’ – a production of a local company, Fridpur

Product Price: ‘Waste Concern Joibo shar’ is a 1 Kg packet and its price is Tk 75. ‘Joibo Shakti’ is a 1 Kg packet and its price is Tk 45 ‘Pusti Joibo Shar’ is a 1 Kg packet and its price is Tk 35

Product Demand: The demand is very slim as compare to chemical fertilizer. The product has a very steady market trend prevailing.

In our 2nd round we placed 5 questions to know about the quality, price, market demand and their willingness to sell our compost and if they are not willing then the reasons for that. The fact is we didn’t make any initiative to create a market access to our product. What was happened just to distribute few tons under a project. Under this situation it was very tough to make any such comments from the dealers which could serve our purpose. In fact dealers like to cooperate through a marketing drive from our end.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

Scope for development and overall Management cycle 17

CHAPTER THREE Plant Assessment Office Management

Plant Assessment Plant

– CHAPER THREE THREE CHAPER

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

PLANT ASSESSMENT

A team lead by Mr Delwar Hossain, Assistant Project Engineer, Practical Action Bangladesh visited compost plant and all cycle-vans with the presence of van puller and WORD’s officials. The objective was to assess necessary maintenance and costing.

Cost Calculation: (Upgrade Cycle van)

Unit Cost Total Cost Sl Description of works Unit Remark (s) (Tk) (Tk) 18 Repairing and replacement of few 1 3 11000 parts for Van no. 1,2 & 4 33,000.00 Without

service charges Replacement of all kind of Van 2 accessories for Van no. 3,5,6,7,8,9 & 7 17000 1,19,000.00 10 Total 1,51,000

Note: . For motor driven van additional Tk 50,000 (Fifty Thousand) will be added for single van . Costing may be fluctuate due to market price trends

Monthly Maintenance Expenditure: Year 2013 A report on monthly maintenance/repair expenditure for the year 2013 has been shown in a Table below. The report reveals some findings: Maintena Maintenance . The total yearly expenditure for 11 cycle-van is Month Month nce Cost Cost (Tk) Tk 45,089 (Tk) January 2990 July 3380 Maintenance Cost (Tk) for Year 2013 February 3285 August 4350 March 3420 September 4084 5000 April 2360 October 4230 May 3890 November 4690 June 3640 December 4770

0 Total 19.585.00 Total 25,504.00

July

May June

April . Maintenance cost is increasing

March

August

January October

February . In January it was Tk 2990 but in

December November September December it increases to Tk 4770 Maintenance Cost (Tk) . Average monthly expenditure for 11 vans is Tk 3757

Recommendation

. The condition of cycle van is pitiable. It will be tough to continue services if Immediate maintenance not done. In fact it won’t be cost effective because the cycle vans are almost at their end of life cycle (around 6 years).

. A new cycle van will cost around Tk 25,000 (Twenty Five Thousand). Therefore, it will be cost effective in course of time and longevity of services.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

OFFICE MANAGEMENT

A team lead by Mr Enamul Hossain, Accounts Officer, Practical Action Bangladesh visited WORD’s office in a documents review meeting with WORD’s officials. The objective was to assess for a smart office management which includes record keeping and reporting in the area of Staff Management, Procurement and Accounts & Finance.

CHECKLIST FOR AVAILABLE OFFICE DOCUMENTS

Category A: 19

MoU among PAB, SUP Faridpur Municipality (April 2007 to March 2017), Trade License from Municipality, Certification from Faridpur Municipality, TOR/Agreement on Compost Plant, Bank account by the name of Compost Plant, Waste Collection Register, Compost Production Register, Yearly Income & Expenditure Budget, Financial Report, TIN/VAT/TAX no, Certification from DoE

Category B:

Staff Attendance, Staff Movement, Staff Meeting Register, Staff Work Plan, Log Book, Pay Roll Register, Leave Register, Logistic Supply Register, Procurement Register, Maintenance Register, Monthly Subscription Register, Customer Complain Register, Customer Database, Monthly Progress Report, Cash Book, Petty Cash Register, Ledger Book, Inventory Register etc.

Findings - The Following documents under category A’ & B’must be available for a stable organization as it’s strength.

Category A:

TOR/Agreement on Compost Plant, Bank account by the name of Compost Plant (they use a A/C by name of WORD), Waste Collection Register, Compost Production Register, Yearly Income & Expenditure Budget (Particularly on Waste Collection), Financial Report, TIN/VAT/TAX no, Certification from DoE.

Category B:

Procurement Register, Customer Database/Register, Cash Book, Ledger Book

Recommendation

For better management it is important to ensure the documents/files/records which are mentioned in Category A & B. Moreover,

. Progress Report and Financial Report should be prepared monthly basis and shared with concern for necessary follow up and support.

. There should be a TOR between Faridpur Municipality and WORD

. Customer Database and Customer Complain register are very important and should be updated monthly basis.

. Maintenance Register for cycle-van should include a routine checklist to avoid major defects on a sudden and hamper in service.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

Findings 20

A. WASTE DISPOSAL & COLLECTION SYSTEM

B. WASTE TRANSFER STATION / SECONDARY DUMPING POINTS C. COMPOST USER D. COMPOST MARKET E. FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

1. Waste Management Steering Committee Synopsis

2. General Committee Meeting of SUP members

– 3. Waste Collectors/Cycle van puller 4. WORD Officials

Recommendation & Conclusion

CHAPER FOUR FOUR CHAPER

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______6. FINDINGS

A. WASTE DISPOSAL & COLLECTION SYSTEM

Waste Disposal Ground

Disposing of solid waste in open fields is the most common method used for final disposal of urban solid waste so as it happened in Faridpur Municipality. Municipality has 21 temporary designated a dumping site where the collected waste is dumped in unsanitary manner. No waste segregation, waste compaction or daily top seal are used in this dump site. Much of the uncollected waste is also disposed in the same manner. The entire waste disposal system is unsanitary which needs urgent improvement.

Scatterly waste disposal by HHs

Still now there found many HHs who are not taking this service. The reasons are either they have own land area to dump in that particular place or there is some open land to dump scatterly. The second option is posing a threat.

In Alipur, near Chadni Building and Rotkhola there are some HH not taking the services and they dump waste scatterly. People hung notice board not to dump kitchen waste scatterly but no use. It causes menace. Distance of Covered % In Choudhury para Mr Rezwan Ali, dump waste scatterly but Dustbin HH soon he was given notice by neighboring HH not to dump in 100 Yrd 8 2.66 that way. Now he is taking door to door waste collection 200 Yrd 30 10 service by WORD. 300 Yrd 42 14

Dustbin / Community bin (Annex: 1) More 400 Yrd 14 4.6 No Dustbin 206 68.66 In Faridpur there are some dustbins but most of them are in pitiable condition. Residents are not willing to place dustbins because most of the areas have been occupied by residential buildings leaving no particular/suitable corner place for dustbins. The residents rather prefer door to door waste collection system and they are willing to pay more for safe disposal of waste.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

Waste Collector

The existing door to door waste collection system by WORD is traditional. The collectors are not using any uniform nor any safety musk and gloves. Most of the cases the collectors could not maintain cleanliness which makes them un- presentable before HH.

Behavior of Waste Collectors 22

We found very few cases against waste collectors. In fact the common allegations were – 1. Refuse to take waste like different fruits particularly jackfruits, sanitary etc 2. Refuse to take waste for the day if the HH miss his alert whistle even for a minute 3. Some time they demand for extra charges 4. Misbehave with HH

Waste Collection time

Normally the operation of waste collection started from 8 am till 4 pm. The first door knocked at 8:30 am. Existing time is found ok with most of the HHs. In fact, some HHs preferring the time between 11: am to 2: pm.

Collection Van

At present 10 cycle-vans are running out of 20 vans with 11 collectors. The rest are almost out of order required intensive repair. In fact, the running 10 cycle-vans need immediate repair otherwise the collection system will be hampered or suspended.

Frequency of WARD Highest Lowest Service Charge for Collection Tk 80-100 We recorded the lowest service charge (monthly) W1 60 40 0 is Tk 30 and the highest charge is Tk 60. In fact W2 100 30 1 there we found only 6 HHs with the highest ever W3 60 50 0 service charge Tk 100 which is a contribution of W4 100 30 3 those respective customer. W5 100 40 1 W6 80 50 7 Settlements (Slums) are not under Services W7 N/A 50 0 One of the major beneficiaries of this services and W8 100 60 1 target group was our 11 settlements (slums). W9 60 50 0 Unfortunately, 754 HH with 3359 population of these 11 settlements are not under this service. The service was discontinued due to non- payment of service charges as said by WORD authority.

Practical Action Bangladesh Assessment of Waste Collection System Compost user & Market 2013 ______

FINDINGS

B. WASTE TRANSFER STATION / SECONDARY DUMPING POINTS

1. Out of 8 only 3 stations are in use. The surrounding area of 2 stations is very unhygienic creating nuisance to the passerby as both stations are on road side. 2. Clinical wastes are found in the station near Faridpur Medical Collage which is unprotected. 3. Transfer station at Shariatullah bazar should use for dumping wastes from vegetable market, poultry, fish and slaughter houses to protect the river from pollution. 4. Rest unused 5 stations can be utilized properly soon after extending Households level waste collection system to Unserve areas. 23

C. COMPOST USER

1. All the compost users are found satisfied with the quality. 2. The farmers generally use cow-dung in their cultivable land as compost available with them. 3. The trend of using cow-dung the most available one is now using for cooking which is creating shortage of cow-dung for the crop field. As a result the farmers are now totally depending on chemical fertilizer. 4. The concept and merits of using compost is not clear to the farmers yet. They are so depended to the chemical fertilizer that they could not think of using compost.

D. COMPOST MARKET

Available product (compost)

With a very slim market demand we found only 3 products. Among which the product ‘Waste Concern Joibo shar’ - a production of WWR Bio Fertilizer Bangladesh Ltd. is found better than two comparatively. The product is manufactured in a joint venture of Bangladesh & Netherlands.

Our product quality

The dealers are found satisfied with the compost with the limited quantity they found.

Dealers Attitude

They like to market for our product if we can supply on regular basis

Limitation - What we have lost already!!

We have lost a very big opportunity from the beginning we started with. We should continue our communication with those groups and dealers of the project. Some demonstration plots were visited by project visitors as I mentioned about Mr Samsul Sheikh of Rajbari. There we could record the comments, write ups, photos to make it public through Newspaper or any suitable means.

In fact, during our study we found that there is prospect still live to work with farmers/ gardeners for a compost market.

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FINDINGS E. Focus Group Discussion

We arranged 4 FGDs separately with Waste Management Steering Committee of Faridpur Municipality, 13 members committee of SUP, WORD Official and with waste collectors/cycle van puller who are engaged directly with the service delivery. These FGD’s had objective to get their comments, recommendation for a better system management of existing waste collection system. The findings were noted below:

1. Waste Management Steering Committee

th Existing HH waste collection system was briefly discussed as an agenda in the meeting held on 9 24 January 2014 at Municipality Hall Room.

1. There is no reporting system to update the status (Management/Financial) of existing waste collection system 2. Municipality has no monitoring (through an organized way) on the services 3. Communication between Municipality’s conservancy section and WORD is very poor.

In fact, Municipality harbors the vision to extend the services for a clean city and safe environment for its inhabitants.

2. General Committee Meeting of SUP members

The objective of the FGD was briefly discussed as an agenda in the meeting held on 15th January 2014 at SUP Meeting Room.

1. Reporting System should be introduced as opined by most of the members of the committee 2. Area wise campaign to create awareness among people for the service 3. Modernization (auto rickshaw type) of cycle van for better coverage and time saving

3. Waste Collectors/Cycle van pullers WARD Sl Name The objective of the FGD was briefly discussed as an agenda no. in the meeting held on 29th December 2013 at the premises of 1 Md Akkas Mollah 2 & 3 Compost Plant. 2 Mr Liton Hajra 6 & 8 3 Md Sumon Mollah 2 1. Secondary Dumping station at Tepakhola at WARD no. 9 4 Md Alamgir 3 & 4 should open for dumping 5 Md Masum Mollah 2 & 7

2. Sometimes collectors have to face blame for theft or 6 Mr Prodip Roy 5 & 6 robbery as possible informer 7 Mr Sudip Roy 4, 7 & 9 3. Poor logistic support (Rain coat/boots/gloves/apron) 8 Mr Robi Kormoker 6 4. Municipality collect waste from some open areas (no 9 Mr Manik Chandro 5 & 6 dustbin) encouraging HHs to discontinue services. 10 Mr Shadhon Chad 7 5. Some collectors have to cover 2 or sometimes 3 WARDs at 11 Mr Bijoy Baroi 1 & 2 a time. On an average every day a collector has to cover 297 HHs.

4. WORD Officials

1. Poor condition of Cycle-van 2. Facing problem to collect from 1262 HHs of WORD no.6,7,8 & 9 due to distance. 3. Some HHs discontinue services without any notice losing revenues 4. A TOR/MoU should be finalized between WORD and Faripur Municipality 5. Sometimes waste collectors were ill-treated by HHs and WORD has to cancel its services

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7. RECOMMENDATION

Waste Collection System

I. All 24 settlements should include under waste collection system. A different system can be introduced here with placing bins in some points and waste will be collected from these two or three bins rather from each HH. CIF and respective SICs will ensure payment II. Existing manpower is not enough for 3275 HHs to cover III. At least 2 Secondary dumping stations at WARD 9 and WARD 4 should open for dumping. But it should be ensured that waste from the stations particularly at WARD 4 must be collected by Municipality conservancy vehicle. Because the station is located in 25 residential area (picture: APPENDIX-A) IV. To expedite existing collection system at least 4 cycle vans should be automated for WARD no. 6,7,8 & 9 for covering the areas V. Policy for waste collectors should be introduced to ensure their safety during duty from any blame/charges against theft and robbery. VI. Waste collectors should be oriented on cleanliness, behavioral approach etc. It can be conducted during monthly meeting with WORD officials. VII. More supervision is necessary ensuring HH satisfaction with participation of community through meeting like program VIII. Some awareness building activity (Miking) can be taken with participation of WMSC of Municipality to discourage people not to dump waste scatterly in vacant land and drains. The activity should be continuous for each month. IX. Some promotional activities can be taken through providing waste bins to HHs X. Waste collectors can be more presentable providing them safety musk, aprons, gloves, to maintain hygiene along with logistic support like rain coat and others XI. Necessary maintenance of cycle van should be made to make it easy for puller and make them operational.

To accomplish the vision covering all its 26 Thousand HHs of Faridpur Municipality for a better clean and healthy City a comprehensive plan should be needed.

Waste Transfer Station / Secondary waste dumping station:

I. The Transfer Station in WARD 3, near Faridpur Medical Collage needs proper management for clinical waste dumping safely with human safety. Cleaners were found bear footed without gloves. II. Necessary measures should be taken to protect dumping station from illegal occupation (picture2: Appendix-A) III. Protection boundary of dumping station at onathermor (WARD 4) should be repaired to keep clean adjacent road (picture 6 : Appendix-A) IV. Waste from dumping station at WARD 4 opposite to Sonali Bank should be transferred regularly by Municipality to avoid bad odor and objection from residents. In fact the station remained un used for long. (Picture 7 : Appendix-A)

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Compost - A drive to Market Access

I. There is a huge scope for compost in the market. But the fact is nobody is taking a comprehensive drive to address the need and target those potentials farmers and dealers. It seems everybody is just trying to somehow meet up their responsibility as project required in a very limited scope. There is no frequent drive or initiative or any patronage.

II. We can utilize those groups of farmers both in Faridpur & Rajbari to introduce our compost who already used with satisfaction. Because the initial works are already done during the project which is a plus for us. 26 III. Agro dealers can be oriented on the product and its quality through an exposure visit to the plant and commission system to promote the product. IV. Market promotional activities can be taken through consultation with concerned. V. Primarily, some groups may be targeted in Faridpur or in Rajbari whichever is suitable on basis of cost and transportation and who will experience the results and gradually spread it over in the locality. Similarly, we can select some dealers from our existing list. VI. Our immediate step is to collect necessary certification (i.e. certificate from DoE/DOA,Trade license etc.) of compost which will make our path smoother.

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8. CONCLUSION

The overall waste collection situation is good comparing its 3275 HH coverage with insufficient man power and resources particularly cycle vans which are in pitiable condition. There is a gap between WORD and Municipality in monitoring and supervision the waste collection system. The coordination between Municipality and WORD should be more viable through a constructive reporting system to minimize communication gap. Waste Management Steering Committee should come forward with its active role for monitoring and assessment of ongoing waste collection system.

27 CIF should come forward to facilitate its SICs under this waste collection services with a role of supervision and monitoring over all cleanliness of settlements which will be a sustainable process of cooperation and coordination towards WORD as well as to Municipality.

Maintenance cost of existing cycle-vans is increasing day by day. Comparing the maintenance cost and also the repair cost decision should be taken whether to repair or purchase new cycle- van will be cost effective. Moreover, some van should be automated to cover areas which are in remote location especially for 1262 HHs in WARD no. 6,7,8 & 9.

Promotion of recycling of waste can reduce the cost of collection, transportation and disposal of waste. Besides, there are 8 waste transfer stations in Faridpur Municipality which can be used to facilitate the collection system. At this moment for a clean healthy environment of the city, waste collection service should be privatized with supervision and support of Municipality’s conservancy section.

The satisfaction of compost user is ensuring the good quality of compost. We have an opportunity to produce compost but what we are lacking is we didn’t put our steps forward to develop a sustainable compost market. Initiative should be taken to collect necessary certification from Agriculture and Environment Department. More waste more compost – we will have to ensure through extending the service areas.

In parallel, we should think for clinical waste management also which is in stake and no doubt will pose a threat in near future as the number of Hospital, Clinic, Laboratory is increasing rapidly within Municipality’s jurisdiction.

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APPENDIX-A: Pictorial Community bins & Secondary dumping Station

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6. Location: WARD -4 Onather Mor

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