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Contenu Sur Les Premiers Peuples Support à l’élaboration des modules Centre des niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens Janvier 2021 Contenu sur les Premiers peuples TABLE DES MATIERES TABLE DES MATIERES ........................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Avant de commencer la rédaction ....................................................................................................... 7 Contexte historique et actuel .............................................................................................................. 10 1. Qui sont-ils ? ............................................................................................................................................10 2. Les pensionnats .......................................................................................................................................17 3. Processus de réconciliation ......................................................................................................................21 4. Femmes autochtones .............................................................................................................................. 22 5. Le contexte socioéconomique ................................................................................................................ 27 6. Emploi ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 7. Les préjugés envers les Autochtones ...................................................................................................... 34 8. Droits....................................................................................................................................................... 34 9. Contributions à la société canadienne .................................................................................................... 35 10. Pour en savoir plus ................................................................................................................................ 38 Les Premières Nations ....................................................................................................................... 39 1. Histoire spécifique des Premières Nations ............................................................................................ 39 2. Les traités ................................................................................................................................................ 43 3. Langues et culture................................................................................................................................... 46 4. Arts et traditions ...................................................................................................................................... 50 5. Les Premières Nations aujourd’hui ........................................................................................................ 55 6. Modèles inspirants .................................................................................................................................. 55 7. Pour aller plus loin .................................................................................................................................. 56 Les Inuits ............................................................................................................................................ 58 1. Territoire ................................................................................................................................................. 58 2. Histoire spécifique des Inuits ................................................................................................................. 60 3. Langue et culture .................................................................................................................................... 63 4. Personnages inspirants ........................................................................................................................... 79 5. Pour aller plus loin .................................................................................................................................. 82 Les Métis ............................................................................................................................................ 83 1. Histoire spécifique des Métis ................................................................................................................. 83 2. Territoire, langues et culture................................................................................................................... 89 Janvier 2021 - Support à l’élaboration des modules pour le CNCLC - Élaboré par UTAPI Consultants 2 3 Mode de vie et alimentation..................................................................................................................... 94 4. Habits traditionnels ................................................................................................................................ 95 5. Les Métis aujourd’hui ............................................................................................................................. 97 6. Modèles inspirants .................................................................................................................................. 98 7. Pour en savoir plus sur les Métis ........................................................................................................... 102 Vidéos authentiques ......................................................................................................................... 103 Ressources pédagogiques ................................................................................................................ 104 Références et bibliographie .............................................................................................................. 107 Janvier 2021 - Support à l’élaboration des modules pour le CNCLC - Élaboré par UTAPI Consultants 3 Introduction Depuis plusieurs années, on a enseigné l’histoire du Pays du point de vue des colonisateurs : des peuples français et des peuples anglais. L’envie irrépressible d’assimiler l’indien dans cette nouvelle société eurocentrique a fait des ravages au cours de l’histoire, et les répercussions se sentent toujours aujourd’hui. Cependant, nous sommes encore là. Vivants et fiers. Les consciences s’éveillent, et le processus de réconciliation est amorcé. Il est temps plus que jamais de redonner la voix aux peuples autochtones qu’on a longtemps tus. Des organisations, des mouvements, des mobilisations, où s’allient peuples autochtones et allochtones, ont vu le jour à travers l’Amérique du Nord dans le but de militer pour les droits des premiers peuples. Dans la foulée, plusieurs institutions à travers le Canada ont pris l’initiative de passer à l’action pour reconnaître la présence et l’apport des Premiers peuples au pays et amorcer la discussion. Dans cette foulée, l’entreprise UTAPI Consultants a vu le jour en 2019, pour faire valoir sa mission de créer des Allié.e.s pour les causes autochtones au Canada. «L’éducation peut continuer à imposer une domination ou la renverser. Elle peut perpétuer la colonisation par des pratiques néocolonialistes ou assurer une décolonisation. Chaque école est soit un lieu de reproduction, soit un lieu de changement.» - Marie Battiste (2000) En tant que directrice et fondatrice de UTAPI Consultants, il me fait plaisir de vous offrir ici du contenu de référence sur la thématique des Peuples autochtones dans ce qu’on appelle aujourd’hui le Canada, adressé aux instructeurs du Centre de Niveau de Compétence Linguistique Canadiens (CNCLC). Ceci constitue une action concrète vers une meilleure compréhension des réalités hétéroclites des peuples autochtones de ce territoire. Janvier 2021 - Support à l’élaboration des modules pour le CNCLC - Élaboré par UTAPI Consultants 4 (Crédit photo: Radio-Canada/Alexandre Lamic) Notre équipe a privilégié les informations essentielles à la compréhension des réalités des peuples autochtones d’aujourd’hui, dans une optique d’un mieux vivre ensemble pour les Nouveaux arrivants, les Canadiens et les Premiers peuples. Tout d'abord, je tiens à préciser qu’il est essentiel pour les instructeurs, de tenir compte de certaines bases avant l’élaboration de contenus. C’est pourquoi, le chapitre suivant Avant d’élaborer du contenu pédagogique sur les Premiers peuples vous sera présenté au préalable. Ensuite, nous entrerons dans le vif du sujet en commençant par le chapitre Contexte historique et actuel des Peuples autochtones, qui vous donnera l’heure juste des thématiques principales et incontournables pour bien comprendre les notions sur le sujet en sol canadien. Ensuite, un chapitre pour chacune des trois grandes familles des Premiers peuples reconnues selon la constitution, soit : Les Premières Nations, les Inuits et les Métis. Pour faciliter la tâche des instructeurs, un chapitre sur les ressources pédagogiques qui existent en ligne est mis à contribution, suivi d’une conclusion et des remerciements, ainsi que la liste de références utilisées pour créer ce document. Des ressources et du contenu canadiens en français Les ressources proposées dans cet ouvrage sont presque entièrement en langue française
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