Woodworking Project No. 1 2012
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A Guide to Maintaining the Historic Character of Your Forest Service Recreation Residence
United States Forest Department of Service Agriculture Technology & Development Program A Guide to Maintaining 2300–Recreation April 2014 the Historic Character 1423–2815P–MTDC of Your Forest Service Recreation Residence Cover: This photo in September 1923 shows a newly built recreation residence in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains at the Silver Creek tract of the Rainier National Forest, which is now part of the Mt. Baker- Snoqualmie National Forest in the Pacific Northwest Region. A Guide to Maintaining the Historic Character of Your Forest Service Recreation Residence Kathleen Snodgrass Project Leader USDA Forest Service Technology and Development Center Missoula, MT April 2014 USDA Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, 690-7442 or email at [email protected]. disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual’s income is Persons with Disabilities derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing or have speech disabilities and you wish to file either or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases an EEO or program complaint please contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) 877-8339 or (800) 845-6136 (in Spanish). -
Drill Bits 101 I've Used Dowels in a Variety of Woodworking Projects
Drill Bits 101 I’ve used dowels in a variety of woodworking projects having bought myself a pretty decent doweling jig a few years ago. The jig itself came with a twist drill bit for each of the three dowel sizes. For my dowel joinery I often need to drill holes of two different depths; so sometimes it is handy to have two bits of the same diameter with stops set at the different depths. One day I inadvertently was using both a twist bit and a brad point bit and noticed very different results. For example, drilling into end grain was far more difficult with a brad point bit than with the twist bit. All of this got me wondering about the different types of woodworking drill bits. Hence my investigation into the family tree of woodworking drill bits. Note that many drill bits may be multi-purpose, but generally speaking there are different families of bits for plastic, metal(s), tile, and masonry, etc. The basic job of a drill bit of course is to stay centered and not wander, cut the wood to form a round hole, and eject the chips. Seems simple, but not so perhaps, which is why there are so many types of drill bits and even options on lips, lands, flutes, margins, and other design elements – details beyond the scope of Bevel Cut. Of all the types, the common twist drill, invented by Steven Morse in 1863 and covered in US Patent 38119 is the simplest. The V-angle of the tip can vary from 60 to 118 degrees, with the latter being most common in today’s hardware stores according to my own research. -
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NAT
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-0018 (Oct. 1990) RECEIVED 2280 United States Department of the Interior $p National Park Service JUL - 5 I996 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NAT. REGISTER OF HiSiQfiiCKA CFS NATIONAL PARK SERVICE This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Hull, Ralph, Lumber Company Mill Complex other names/site number Hull-Oakes Limber Company Mill 2. Location street & number 23837 Dawson Road N/A not for publication city or town Monroe Kl vicinity state Oregon code OR county Benton code 003 zip icode 97456 As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this US nomination D request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property IS meets EH does not meet the National Register criteria. -
Code of Practice for Wood Processing Facilities (Sawmills & Lumberyards)
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES (SAWMILLS & LUMBERYARDS) Version 2 January 2012 Guyana Forestry Commission Table of Contents FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Wood Processing................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Development of the Code ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Scope of the Code ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Objectives of the Code ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Implementation of the Code ............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 PRE-SAWMILLING RECOMMENDATIONS. ............................................................................................. 11 2.1 Market Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... -
Dual Marking Gauge
Dual Marking Gauge U.S. Des. Pat. No. D677,179 The Veritas® Dual Marking Gauge has two rods mounted eccentrically in the reference face. One rod has a non-rotating wheel cutter whose bevel faces the reference face (outside cutter) and the other has a non-rotating wheel cutter whose bevel faces away from it (inside cutter), allowing the gauge to be used in a wide range of applications. The hardened steel wheel cutters cut wood fi bers rather than tear them, and produce fi ne cut- lines, ideal for chisel registration. The most common use for this gauge would be as a mortise gauge for scribing both sides of a mortise. Unlike other mortise gauges, the cutters on the Veritas Dual Marking Gauge are used independently, scribing just one line at a time. As a result, this marking gauge can be used anywhere a project requires repeated marking of two dimensions. The individual wheel cutters can be completely retracted into the reference face, and the gauge can function as a single-cutter marking gauge. For most traditional uses, the outside cutter (bevel facing the reference face) would be used; however, for thicknessing a workpiece, the inside cutter (bevel facing away from the reference face) would be used. The eccentric confi guration of the rods maximizes the size of the reference surface, while maintaining the overall size of the gauge. The short side can also be used if space is restricted. As an added advantage, the eccentric nature means this gauge is much less likely to roll off the work surface. -
Guide to the Mccleary Experimental Forest
akec Mt. A GUIDE TO THE ;0-c :f !•• McCLEARY EXPERIMENTAL FOREST Me CLEARY, WASHINGTON About This File: . This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Misscans identified by the software have been corrected; ho e · \f\/ r-_ some mistakes may remain. _ ANGELES L l OLYMPIC lI NATIONAL ';I I _,J PARK ;-' ) -,_ ___ 1 __, r' "1) --· .......... 'l::> :__ :.. ... -----.. _J C') ., C') : \\\ .. I ,,,.,[/,-. i:-:;:::-=- A RY 1 '·\·,..... ' c Al FOREST C') L_/_:---/ "' 'l::> <: MAINTAINED JOINTLY BY THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST S RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION Mt. Adams PUGET SOUND RESEARCH CENTER AND THE SIMP SON LOGGING COMPANY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE PORTLAND, OREGON 1954 - - - (I) A GUIDE TO THE ... <I) McCLEARY EXPERIMENTAL FOREST · 3: 0 - "' (I) The McCleary Experimental Forest is a co ... operative undertaking in forest research by private·industry and the United States Forest -0 (I) Service. Here, the Simpson Logging Company and - ::1 the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment e Station, through its Puget Sound branch, conduct 0 studies and demonstrations in management of young z ...: (I) growth forests. This is one of four experimental - -• I:: (I) forests in the Puget Sound region dedicated to ::1 u 0 improvement of management practices through coop >. >. c erative research. Under a long-term agreement, - u the Forest Service prepares the management plan, "'0 >. 0 ... 0 0 outlines experiments, and regulates cutting .... (I) schedules. The Simpson Logging Company provides -cu u I::0:2 fire protection, develops roads, and cuts and markets the products. An Advisory Committee of E c. 0 foresters actively engaged in forest management ->. -
Build a Plane That Cuts Smooth and Crisp Raised Panels With, Against Or Across the Grain – the Magic Is in the Spring and Skew
Fixed-width PanelBY WILLARD Raiser ANDERSON Build a plane that cuts smooth and crisp raised panels with, against or across the grain – the magic is in the spring and skew. anel-raising planes are used Mass., from 1790 to 1823 (Smith may to shape the raised panels in have apprenticed with Joseph Fuller doors, paneling and lids. The who was one of the most prolific of the profile has a fillet that defines early planemakers), and another similar Pthe field of the panel, a sloped bevel example that has no maker’s mark. to act as a frame for the field and a flat Both are single-iron planes with tongue that fits into the groove of the almost identical dimensions, profiles door or lid frame. and handles. They differ only in the I’ve studied panel-raising planes spring angles (the tilt of the plane off made circa the late 18th and early 19th vertical) and skew of the iron (which centuries, including one made by Aaron creates a slicing cut across the grain to Smith, who was active in Rehoboth, reduce tear-out). The bed angle of the Smith plane is 46º, and the iron is skewed at 32º. Combined, these improve the quality of cut without changing the tool’s cutting angle – which is what happens if you skew Gauges & guides. It’s best to make each of these gauges before you start your plane build. In the long run, they save you time and keep you on track. Shaping tools. The tools required to build this plane are few, but a couple of them – the firmer chisel and floats – are modified to fit this design. -
Marking and Cutting Gauges
Well Stocked Shop Multi-Marker If you’re constantly resetting your gauge to a single measurement, a 3-in-1 Brass Wheel Marking Gauge second gauge, like Lee Valley’s brass Marking Gauge #153490, $15.99 05N65.01, $24.50 3-in-1 gauge, may solve the problem. leevalley.com This gauge sports a head that you Marking and can outfit with a pin, knife, or blade, so you can select the cutter best suited to the task at hand. Cutting Gauges What I like best about this tool is its size. More than one way to make your mark woods. Filing a flat on one side of Like a 4" square, the pin can correct the tendency the compact gauge By Jeff Day to tear out, but your best bet is to fits neatly into my cuttingpartner gauge it with a cutting gauge. apron pocket so it’s With a knife-edged marker, a always in easy reach. Marking and excels at making M cutting gauges crisp, clean lines across the any years ago when I A pin-headed gauge is good grain. Compared to a pin- began tooling up my shop, I for establishing lines parallel scratched line, the cutline helps quickly discovered how much One of my first purchases to the grain, such as you’d need prevent splintering and tear- I could accomplish with basic was the markingonly member gauge of the when laying out hinges, grooves out, a handy attribute when hand tools. Though many were gauge family that is technically for drawer bottoms, rabbets, or chiseling dovetails at their antiques, it wasn’t long before called a due to the thickness of a board when baseline. -
Marking Gauge
Online Extra accurate layouts with a Marking Gauge When it comes to fast and accurate layouts, this traditional tool will more than earns its keep in the woodworking shop. Thumb If I were to make a list of the If you take a look at the various the amount of brass details used screw most-used tools in my shop, the marking gauges being sold today, in the construction. The more marking gauge would be you’ll notice two distinct types. expensive gauges have brass thumb near the top. Even with the Some use a steel pin to scribe a line myriad of rulers, calipers, while others use a flat blade. This and digital measuring second type is often called a “cut- devices that are available ting gauge” because the blade slices today, it’s hard to beat this the wood fibers rather than tearing simple tool for accuracy them, like the pin-style marking and ease of use. gauges (see photos at right). Of the two, I prefer the blade-style gauge. Blade Wedge It scores a cleaner, crisper line. DESIGN. A marking gauge is one of those simple tools whose basic design hasn’t changed much over the years. It has a beam and an adjustable fence (or stock) that is Brass wear strip held in place with a thumb screw, or sometimes, a wedge. Fence The only other differences you’re (or stock) Beam likely to find between the various { A marking gauge (top) tears gauges on the market have to do its way across the wood, while with the level of fit and finish and a cutting gauge scores a line. -
A Sawmill Or Lumber Mill Is a Facility Where Logs Are Cut Into Lumber
Sawmill - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawmill From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A sawmill or lumber mill is a facility where logs are cut into lumber. Prior to the invention of the sawmill, boards were rived (split) and planed, or more often sawn by two men with a whipsaw, one above and another in a saw pit below. The earliest known mechanical mill is the Hierapolis sawmill, a Roman water-powered stone mill at Hierapolis, Asia Minor dating back to the 3rd century AD. Other water-powered mills followed and by the 11th century they were widespread in Spain and North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, and in the next few centuries, spread across Europe. The circular motion of the wheel was converted to a reciprocating motion at the saw blade. Generally, only the saw was powered, and the logs had to be loaded and moved by hand. An early improvement was the development of a movable carriage, also water powered, to move the log steadily through the saw blade. By the time of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, the circular saw blade had been invented, and with the development of steam power in the 19th century, a much greater degree of mechanisation was possible. Scrap lumber from the mill provided a source of fuel for firing An American sawmill, 1920 the boiler. The arrival of railroads meant that logs could be transported to mills rather than mills being built besides navigable waterways. By 1900, the largest sawmill in the world was operated by the Atlantic Lumber Company in Georgetown, South Carolina, using logs floated down the Pee Dee River from the Appalachian Mountains. -
Jointing Sharpening Now Observe How the Clock
PROJECTS & TECHNIQUES Product tech – saw doctor PHOTOGRAPHS BY MARK HARRELL Rake Finding the Rake Rake is the degree of offset from vertical, and this angle governs whether you want an aggressive, ripping cut, or a clean, slower crosscut. Note the angle – we generally set rake for a rip filing somewhere between The saw 0° to 8°. Establish rake closer to zero for aggressive ripping in softwoods, and closer to 10° for dense hardwoods. Crosscut filings generally mandate 15° to 20°. Hybrid-filing finds the sweet spot at 10°. Bevel (aka ‘fleam’) doctor Bevel indicates whether you desire to knife the cutting edge of a sawtooth. Little to no bevel (between 0° and 8°), is best suited for rip filings. Again, the rule here is select closer to 0° for ripping softwoods, and gravitate closer to 8° for ripping hardwoods. will see I usually find that 5° for dedicated rip either way delivers a crisp, assertive action, and mitigates tear-out on the far side of the cut. As for crosscut filings, 15° to 20° delivers a 20° is the perfect bevel angle.” Don’t buy and somewhere in between for hybrid. clean, knife-like action when sawing across into it. Anyone who says they consistently Here’s why precise angles just don’t matter: the grain. Hybrid-filing finds the sweet spot hit a certain degree standard when hand- a rip-filed saw will crosscut, and a crosscut- you now for both at 10° to 12°. sharpening a saw is full of it. Again, the filed saw will rip. The point is, any properly important thing isn’t hitting a certain degree. -
A Big Success
VALUE ADDED The Little Things Make This Company a Big Success by Bill Tice or Rob Wrightman, president and CEO of True North Log Homes Inc. in Bracebridge, Ont., making the decision to go into the highly competitive log home business was easy. Developing a product that would set him apart from the competition was supposed to have been the hard part. But for Wrightman, achieving that com- petitive edge simply meant going back to basics and solving a long-term problem for the log home industry – gaps that are created when the structure settles and allows air into the home. age log building you will have about 40 rods,” he explains. Wrightman, who has a self-proclaimed interest in tech- “In the past, it would take two days to install all of the rods nology, has four U.S. and Canadian patents in the works with two guys. Now, with the spring action, it takes half a right now, including one for his new “Log Lock Thru-bolt” day or less with one man.” assembly system, which is a spring loaded, self-adjusting Following more than two years of development, Wright- method of joining the logs together. “Two feet from every man started installing the new “Log Lock” system in his corner and between each door and window opening we fac- company’s log homes earlier this year, but there is more to tory drill a hole for a one–piece through bolt to be inserted his log homes than just steel rods, springs and bolts. “It’s also at the time of assembly,” explains Wrightman when provid- the quality of the materials we use, the workmanship, and ing a simplistic description of the technology.