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Forest Health Through Silviculture

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United States Agriculture Forest Health Forest Service Rocky M~untain Through Forest and Ranae Experiment ~taiion Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 Silviculture General ~echnical Report RM-GTR-267 Proceedings of the 1995 National Silviculture Workshop Mescalero, New Mexico May 8-11,1995 Eskew, Lane G., comp. 1995. Forest health through silviculture. Proceedings of the 1945 National Silvidture Workshop; 1995 May 8-11; Mescalero, New Mexico. Gen. Tech; Rep. RM-GTR-267. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 246 p. Abstract-Includes 32 papers documenting presentations at the 1995 Forest Service National Silviculture Workshop. The workshop's purpose was to review, discuss, and share silvicultural research information and management experience critical to forest health on National Forest System lands and other Federal and private forest lands. Papers focus on the role of natural disturbances, assessment and monitoring, partnerships, and the role of silviculture in forest health. Keywords: forest health, resource management, silviculture, prescribed fire, roof diseases, forest peh, monitoring. Compiler's note: In order to deliver symposium proceedings to users as quickly as possible, many manuscripts did not receive conventional editorial processing. Views expressed in each paper are those of the author and not necessarily those of the sponsoring organizations or the USDA Forest Service. Trade names are used for the information and convenience of the reader and do not imply endorsement or pneferential treatment by the sponsoring organizations or the USDA Forest Service. Cover photo by Walt Byers USDA Forest Service September 1995 General Technical Report RM-GTR-267 Forest Health Through Silviculture Proceedings of the 1995 National Silviculture Workshop Mescalero, New Mexico May 8-11,1995 Compiler Lane G. Eskew, Station Editior USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Fort Collins, Colorado Publisher USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Fort Collins, Colorado Foreword The 1995 National Silviculture Workshop was held at the Inn of the Mountain Gods in Mescalero, New Mexico, and hosted by the Lincoln National Forest, Region 3, and the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. This was the latest in a series of biennial workshops started in 1973 in Marquette, Michigan, with a comprehensive review of uneven-aged management. The ' purpose of this workshop was to review, discuss, and share silvicultural research information and management experience critical to achieving healthy forest ecosystems on National Forest System and other Pederal and private forest lands. Authors represent a cross section of the forest vegetation management and protection communities and address the importance of the role of silviculture in maintaining and restoring healthy forest ecosystems from the viewpoints of research, education, and land management. Unfortunately, not all speakers were able to prepare papers for this proceedings. A stimulating field trip to the Mescalero Apache Reservation and the Lincoln National Forest was hosted by the Mescalero Apache Tribe, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Lincoln National Forest, and Rocky Mountain Station personnel. The field trip gave the participants an opportunity to observe and discuss forest research and management activities in the Southwest and to compare contrasting management approaches to forest health problems on different land ownerships. The Washington Office Timber Management (WO-TM) and Forest Management Research (WO- FMR) staffs appreciate the efforts of our hosts in New Mexico. Special acknowledgment is made to Wayne Shepperd, Rocky Mountain Station; Larry Mastic and Earlene Ellett, Lincoln National Forest; John Shafer, Southwest Region; and Dave Koch, Bureau of Indian Affairs, for their leadership and support in planning, arranging, and hosting the workshop. Also commended are the speakers ' for their excellent presentations; the moderators who led the sessions; the 170 people representing all NFS Regions and Research Stations; several WO NFS and Research Staffs; Mescalero Apache Tribe; Bureau of Indian Affairs; State of New Mexico; Republic of Mexico; and the special guests who participated in the workshop. Papers published in this proceedings received limited editing to ensure rapid publication of the proceedings and a consistent format. Therefore, authors are responsible for the content and accuracy of their individual papers. The diligence and thoroughness of Lane Eskew (Station Editor) and Carol Losapio (Editor) of the Rocky Mountain Station, and Louise Brown (WriterIEditor) of the Southern Station, in producing this proceedings are to be commended. Dennis Murphy Nelson Loftus Timber Management Forest Management Research Washington, DC Washington, DC Contents FOREST HEALTH Opening Remarks ................................................................. 3 Chip Cartwright I Forest Health From Different Perspectives ........................................... 5 T.E. Kolb, M.R. Wagner, and W.W. Covington Fire in the Forest ................................................................. 14 Jim Saveland Disturbance in Forest Ecosystems Caused by Pathogens and Insects .................... 20 Philip M. Wargo Forest Development Leading to Disturbances ........................................ 26 Clinton E. Carlson, Stephen E Arno, Jimmie Chew, and Catherine A. Stewart The Way to a Healthy Future for National Forest Ecosystems in the West: What Role Can Silviculture and Prescribed Fire Play? ................................ 37 Douglas W. MacCleery Ecosystem Management, Forest Health, and Silviculture ............................... 46 Merrill R. Kaufmann and Claudia M. Regan Forest Ecosystem Health in the Inland West. ......................................... 53 . R. Neil Sampson, Lance R. Clark, and Lynette Z. Morelan ROLE OF DISTURBANCE Disturbance Regimes and Their Relationships to Forest Health ......................... 67 Brian W. Geils, John E. Lundquist, Jose E Negron, and Jerome S. Beatty Disturbance and Canopy Gaps as Indicators of Forest Health in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. ....................................................... 74 J.S. Beatty, J.E. Lundquist, and B.W. Geils Allegheny National Forest Health .................................................. 79 Susan L. Stout, Christopher A. Nowak, James A. Redding, Robert White, and William McWilliams Root Diseases: Primary Agents and Secondary consequences of Disturbance ............ 87 William J. Otrosina and George T. Ferrell Impacts of Southern Pine Beetles in Special Management Areas ........................ 93 Stephen R. Clarke Gypsy Moth Role in Forest Ecosystems: The Good, the Bad, and the Indifferent .......... 99 Rose-Marie Muzika and Kurt W. Gottschalk Exotic Pests: Major Threats to Forest Health. .........................................,105 J. Robert Bridges ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING Assessing Pathogen and Insect Succession Functions in Forest Ecosystems. ............... 117 Susan K. Hagle, Sandra Kegley, and Stephen B. Williams 7 Describing the Conditions of Forest Ecosystems Using Disturbance Profiles. ............. 128 J.E. Lundquist and ].I? Ward, Jr. Forest Vegetation Simulation Tools and Forest Health Assessment ...................... 135 Richard Teck'andMelody Steele PARTNERSHIPS Developing Technology: A Forest Health Partnership ................................. 145 John W. Bury and Harold W. Thistle Building Partnerships to Evaluate Wood Utilization Options for Improving Forest Health . 153 Kenneth Skog, David Green, R. James Barbour, John Baumgras, Alexander Clark, III, Andrew hhson, David Meriweth, and GayMeyers The Applegate Adaptive Management Area Ecosystem Health Assessment ...........: .. 162 Thomas Atzet Effects of Thinnings on Growth and Yield in Natural Pinus Arizonica and Pinus Durangensis Stands in the El Largo-Madera Region in Chihuahua State ........................... 167' Oscar Estradt Muwieta, Luis A. Dominguez Peredt, apd Marcelo Zepeda Bautista ROLE OF SILVICULTURE Two-Age Silviculture-An Innovative Tool for Enhancing Species Diversity and Vertical Structure in Appalachian Hardwoods. ...................................... 175 Gay W. Miller, Petra Bohall Wood, andJ@etj V Nichols Application of the Forest Vegetation Simulator in Evaluating Management for Old-Growth Characteristics in Southwestern Mixed Conifer Forests ................... 183 Claudia M. Regan, Wayne D. Shepperd, and Robert A. Obedzinski fitting White Pine in Its Place on the Hiawatha National Forest. ....................... 195 Allen D. Saberniak The Role of Genetics in Improving Forest Health ..................................... 200 May E Mahalmich Silvicultural Practices (Commercial Thinning) are Influencing the Health of Natural Pine Stands in Eastern California ...................................................... 208 Gay 0.Fiddl~, Dennis R. Hart, Philip M. McDonald, and Susan J. Frankel Is Self-Thinning in Ponderosa Pine Ruled by Dendroctonus Bark Beetles?. ................ 213 William W. Oliver Using Silviculture to Improve Health in Northeastern Conifer and Eastern Hardwood Forests. ......................................... ; .................... 219 Kurt W. Gottschalk Implementing Forest Ecosystem Health Projects on the Ground ........................ 227 . Cathy Barbouletos and Lynette Z. Morelan Atypical Forest Products, Processes, and Uses: A Developing Component of National
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