‘ Gouy ngsn m u m"
ABBREVIATIONS"
t r S i n ed Le te g .
Docu m ent Sign e d L Autograph etter . o o Aut graph d cument .
Portrait .
Illustration . — — ORD BEACONSFIELD gm pin g for comparis ons declared that . there were only t wo events in history : T h e Siege of Troy and
the F r ench Revolution . Th e pre s ent exhibitio n of autographs is an attem pt t o teach the F r o outlines of history, and particularly of the ench Rev lution, by m it ld i . an m eans of holographic illustrat o n The writing of a , is he , i m d h m . S is the most per fect r el ic he l eav es behin o ething physical , a an d o has s well as intellectual moral, belonging to his pers nality, gone into the materi al substance carrying hi s writing .
A limited space makes the selection of characters a difficult matter . All students are not likely to agree in regard t o the em inence and importance of some individuals wh o had part in t he great ev ent her e
e illustrated . And so, likewise, all will not r cognize the great con t r ibu t o ry causes or disc over the same harvest from the Revolutionary
. o f t i seed . The relative importance men and ac ions has depended n
h e this instance on the judgment of t exhibitor , but it is believed that the principal actors in the Revolutionary drama will be found represented .
o im To find the seeds of the French Rev lution, some go back to the t e o f the Jansenists an d the religious cont roversies . We have preferred
r t h e v t to begin with those characters, living neare e ent , whose in el
o f fo r lectual processes taught the people France to think themselves , and thus we find the subject arranging itself somewhat in the follow ing order
. s I The Philosophical writer , like Montesquieu, Voltaire and
Rousseau . E m i The cono c writers, like Quesnay and Mably . ’
s e d A l e m be r t . The Encyclopedist , lik Diderot, _ and t wh o o f The Financiers , like Turgo , first all French states
e men thought to reason with the people, and Calonne, of whom Madame de Stael said H e did m or e t hem a/n/y o t h e r m an t o r e t t h r e n e l t i c a e e F c h R v o u on .
The Statesmen, like Choiseul and Maurepas . e The Poets , like B aumarchais , who ridiculed the Court,
L e t o and Brun , who incited the people vandalism . t he The Editors, and those who moved mighty lever of the Mo m o r o press , like , the first printer of Liberty, and m Prudhom e , whose weekly illustrated paper h ad a c irc u lation of
o f The Court at Versailles at the opening the Revolution . Th e Qu een at the Little Trianon .
' The afiair of the Necklace . 4
s o f t he a. Les Etat Généraux, or Assembly States Gener l r : A . The Cle gy
B . The Nobility .
C . The Third Estate .
' The oath in the Salle du Jeu de Paume .
' ' 12 1 78 9 The bust of Necker and the Cocarde ( July , )
The Bastille . ' fr m P ar The march of the W omen o is to Versailles . . The Federation o f the Champs de Mars.
F avr as Conspiracy .
‘ T he Flight to Varennes .
o r . La Louisette, the Guillotine
The Marse illaise .
The Attack on the Tu ileries .
The Fate o f t he King .
T h e Shadow of the King;
The Assignats .
The Royal Fami ly i n the Temple . n The Revolutio ary Tribunal . T he D u m o u r ie'z Conspiracy
Marat, the Friend of the People .
T h e a “ Republican C lendar .
The Fate of the Queen . ” P osterity Judges Men .
The Girondins .
H erbe r t i s t s .
The Dantonists .
The Frontier .
The Vendee .
The Vengeur .
- t h o n Roll call of e C ndem e d .
s r The Fe tival of the Sup eme Being.
The Triumvirate . 9t h The Thermidor .
Last of the Mou ntain .
The Corps Legislatif .
. f A Co uncil o F ive Hu n dred.
C f . B . ouncil o Ancients r Di ectory .
“
. The Cry for . Bread a The Massacre at R stadt . ’ The Coup d E t at .
The Consulate . n n Bo aparte Co sul fo r Life .
The Emperor of the French . 10
- o u r u i l o i o v . 1 . D ivp r t D te r t e , g l t n e d N 2 8 , 7 9 3
e MONTESQUI E U ( Charles S e c o n dat de ) Baron de la B réd . Philoso pher and author of L e t t r e s P e rs wn n e s and E s pri t des
L i s . o lt air Man kin d had l s t t he i r ri ht s and V e declared, o g o j t i o ai Mon e s qu eu f u n d t he m ag n .
. S . 19 1740. A . L , Bordeaux, March ,
- VOLTAIRE ( Francois Marie Arouet de ) . L e t t r e s s wr le s A n la/is t e e Philosopher, whose g taught h Fr nch 2 17 64 he people t o unders tand liberty . Under date April , ,
o f . predicted, in so many words, the coming the Revolution
1 42. S . . 27 7 A . L . , Dec ,
P . I .
A ROUET ( Francois ) .
t o s s . Father of Voltaire, and unfriendly his literary tudie a 1 18 o f Volt ire assumed, in 7 , the name Voltaire from a sort of
anagram of Arouet l . j . ( Le Jeune )
. S . . 4 1 705 . D , Paris, Dec ,
- VI LLETTE ( Charles Michel ) Marquis de . a o f l a B e ll e t Married the dopted daughter Voltaire, called e
B n n e . a 27 o It w s in his house ( at present Quai Voltaire, Paris ) that t he heart of Voltaire was prese rved and where the procession
1 1 1 7 9 wa t o . halted July , 1, on its y the Pantheon The house wh er e i a i r t h e o : H is m in d is ev er h s he r t s he e . bore inscripti n y ; \
. . . 28 1 784 s A L S Paris , April , , concerning the mechanic brought
t o Ferney by Voltaire .
I . ’ dc L E n c l o . LANCLOS ( Ninon ) , sometimes written s
Famous woman whose charms attracted three generations . She
bequeathed livres to Voltaire with which t o buy books .
A . L. S . P
- d CHATELET ( Gabriele Emilie de Breteuil ) Marquise u .
Brilliant woman o f science and intimate friend of Voltaire .
Translate d Newt on into French . Voltaire lived many years in i her house in Paris and in her chateau in C ve y . When she ” 1740 : died in he exclaimed I have lost half of my life .
S . . A . L . , speaks of Voltaire P
‘ DENIS ( Rosalie - Louise- Mignot )
i . Writer and niece of Voltaire, w th whom he spent his last days
S . 1 6 . A . L . , Paris, July ROUSSEAU Jean-Jac qu e s ’ L i/n é ali t a/rm l e a Philosopher, whose g e p i s H m m e s taught men
their rights . The opening phrase in the second part of this an o f essay, more than y other expression the human intellect,
induced the Revolution . ’ . L . S . L H e rm it a e . 25 17 5 6 . A , g , Sept ,
P . I . 6
’ EPINAY ( Louise - Florence P ét ro n e l l e Tardieu d E s c l av e l l e s ) ’ Madame d .
The patro ness of Rousseau, to Whom she loaned her country
ho use, the Hermitage .
. f . . . S o o A L , t Catherine II Russia
P . I . HOUDETOT ( Sophie de l a Live de B ellegarde ) Comtesse — ’ Sister - in l aw of Madame d E pin ay and intimate friend o f R ous
seau .
S . 28 1 807 A . L . , Paris, March ,
P . I .
- BUFFON ( George Louis Le Clerc ) Com te de . Famous naturalist whose theories and writings changed the method of tho ught o f the French peo ple and prepared the French
mind to receive the work o f the . philosophers an d economists .
7 . . S . . 1 1 80 L . , Jan , Montbard
P .
QUESNAY ( Francois ) . Chief o f the E c o n o m is t e s : physician to Madame de Pompadour
called the Confucius of Europe . His articles in the E n c y c lo pedic on F e rm ier s and Gr ain s co ntributed largely to Revolutionary o o f t o ideas . He attributed the p verty the agriculturists feudal t h e r s t o . Opp ession, driving person from fields the town
S . o f A . L . , written from the Palace Versailles , where he had
apartments directly under those o f Madame Pompadour .
- MABLY ( Gabriel Bonne t ) .
The first great preacher in France of Communism , who taught that the individual o wners hip of land was the source of misery
and that reform must come through a Revolution .
17 8 . . . S . . 8 3 A L , Paris , Jan ,
P .
DIDEROT ( Denis ) .
Chief editor of the Encyclopédie, a work which did so much
t o spread Republican ideas . \ ' ’ S u ar d A ad m i . L . . B . . l c e e . A , to J A , Secretaire de Francaise
P .
1 - L 5 . ALEMBERT ( Jean e Rond
One of the editors o f the Encyclopédie . ' - A . L . S . . 1 9 1 744 . , Paris , Dec ,
P .
- - 1 6 . S e e LESPINAS E ( Julie J an El nore de ) . ’ Friend of d A l e m be rt .
’ - 17 . r HOLBACH ( Paul Thy y ) Baron d . : E o Author contributed to the ncyclopédie on scientific, ec nomic ,
and philosophical subj ects .
A . L. S .
HELVETIUS ( Claude - Adrian )
Philosopher and o n e of the E n c y c l o pedis t e s .
. . S . e 9 1 7 62. A L , Vov , July ,
P .
- 1 9 . GRIMM ( Frédéric Melchoir ) n Important contributor to the E c y c l Opédie .
. . S . . 1 779 . A L , Paris, Sept 5 ,
P . 7
a RAYNAL ( Guill ume Thomas Francois ) .
o f H is t i re . P hi lo hi n e l Writer o s p q , which paced him in the
ranks o f Voltaire an d Rousseau .
- . 6 A . S St . Ouen, Oct
P .
LA HARPE ( Jc an F rancois de ) .
Distinguished wr iter and early supporter o f Republican ideas .
I . A . L . Relat ive to a literary subscription by Paul
’ e - ' TERRAY Jo s ph Marie ) l Abbé. t Comptroller of Finances under Louis XV . Crea ed corn
mono poly .
A . L. S .
' “ ’ - - l A u l n e . TURGOT ( Anne Ro bert Jacques ) Baron de, e X V I Wh o e Financier und r Louis , first xplained to the French n people t heir system of taxatio .
' L . . . S
P .
- MAUREPAS ( Jc an Frederi c P h e lippe aux) . X t t Minister under Louis VI . His contest with Turgo grea ly
weakened t h e Monarchy .
. S . . 7 17 7 3. A . L , Oct ,
CALONNE ( Charles Alexandre de) . t X VI . ad Financier under Louis Buil octrois around Paris, ‘ t o A s s e m bl o N o t able 17 87 O vised the King call y f s in , thus pening
the way for the Etats Généraux and the Revo lutio n .
. . S . Mo n s e i n ard e t e t o A L , to g r la iv the Assembly, March
P .
- LOME N IE DE BR IENNE ( Etienne Charles de) . n S uccessor t o Calon e . Caused dismissal of the Not ables . 14 1 7 1 S . . 7 . A . L . , Brienne, Oct ,
e NECKER ( Jacqu s ) . ' ' I E Succes sor to Lo menie de Brienne . Caused the tats Générau x t he a r e ' to. be summoned and gave o t Third Est te the same e pr s en
n I e t at io e n jo y d by the Clergy and Nobility combined .
. t o . 4 1 801 . A . L . S Gouverneur Morris, Feb ,
P .
- NECKER ( Suzanne C u rc hod) Madame . I W ho s e salon was o f "great assistance to her husband an d whose philanthropy founded a hospital
2 1 788 . . . S . . 5 A L , Paris, Nov ,
- - STAEL HOLSTEIN ( Anna Louisa Germaine) Baronne de .
‘ Daughter of Necker : an early s upporter of the Revo lution .
2 8 1809 . A . L . S . , Coppet, May ,
CHOISEUL ( Etienne Francois) Duc de . . Mi nister o f State Whose management hastened the fall o f t he
Monarchy .
1 6 1 75 5 . A . L . S . , April ,
P .
‘ - e VERG ENN ES ( Charles Gravier ) Comt de . Minister under Lo uis X VI .
17 4 . . S . N o v . 1 7 7 A . L , Versailles, ,
P . 8
- BEAUMARCHAIS ( Pierre Augustin Caron de ) . ar ria e F i ar d h Dramatic poet, whose M g de g o ri iculed the Frenc
nobility .
. L . S . A , to the Comité de Surveillance, from the prison of the
28 1 7 92. Abbaye, Aug. ,
P .
- r d LE BRUN ( Ponce Denis E ch o u a ) . 1 7 9 3 Lyric poet of the Revolution, but , in , wrote on the horrors o f anarchy ; called the French Pindar ; advised in an ode the
s . destruction o f the Royal tombs at St . Deni
1 17 67 . S . . A . L. , Paris, Aug ,
FONTANES ( Louis ) Comte de . t i t i n n ar c hi u e Edited A m is de la C on s t u o Mo q .
T re vi lli e r s . A . L . S . , to Citizen
P . P A N C KOU C KE Charles - Joseph ) o i t e iv er e l o t Famous publi s her o f L e M n ar U n s . Its riginal itle ' i P e e t a i a L o n it e r n ve r e . an c ko u c k was Gaz t e N t o n l e , o u e M u U s l
owned also the Me r c u r e and the Gaz e t t e de F r an c e .
17 68 . A .
P .
PRUDHOMME ( Lo uis Marie ) . u R e v lu ti n de P ar is P blisher of o o , a weekly contemporaneous
journal, illustrated . The first number appeared directly after
14 1 789 b . 24 1794. the events of July , , and the last num er Feb ,
Several of these illustrations will be found in this exhibit . 2 S . 14 1 8 8 . A . L . , June ,
‘ P . I . MOMOR O ( Antoine - Francois )
24 1 794 . Guillotined at Paris , March , Printer and engraver ; s T h e F ir s t P rin t e r o L ibe r t called him elf f y , and devised the L i be r t é E ali t é F r at e r n it é motto, , g , , placing it upon public
buildings .
3 8 . GORSAS ( Antoine Joseph ) . o C u r ie r de V e r s ai l le s o n Edit r of the o , founded the assembling
o f . the Etats Généraux, expressing hostility to the Court
. . S . : A D , satirical verses
P .
9 DE SM L I N - - - 3 . OU S ( Lucie Simplice Cam ille Benoist )
1 794 . R e v l u t io n s e Guillotined at Paris , April 5 , Edited o d F r a e B r / t n c e t de aban . The present piece is his editorial on ’ t h e o n wh o Rousseau , showing philosopher s influence the men m were im ediately shaping the Revolution .
A . D .
- 40. MERCIER ( Loui s Sebastien) o o f T abl e au de P ar is who Conventionnel ; Girondin ; auth r ,
called himself the Prophet of the French Revolution .
L . . l S 21 1 7 87 T ab e au de P aris . , Paris, Jan . , , relatives to his I
- 41 . BEFFROY DE REIGN Y ( Louis Abel ) Called L e C ou s in J ac qu e s from articles s o signed in the paper
he edited .
. S . 1 8 . 2 7 5 . A D , Paris , March , 2 - ac . 4 . HEBERT ( J qu e s René) ‘ P e r e D u he ne Guillotined at Paris , March E dited c s , - chief o f the party o f H ebe r t i s t e s ; procu reur of the Commune
of Paris .
. S . a 2 1 79 3 t o . L , P ris, June 5 , , Chaumette
P . I .
- F R E R ON ( Louis Stanislas ) . t e Edited Or a e u r de P e u p l .
A . D S . . 2 1 7 8 1 . . , Paris, Jan ,
B R I S T A L E a - SO DE W R VI L ( J cqu e s Pierre ) .
. 31 1 79 3. e P at r i t F r an o/i . Guillotined at Paris , Oct , Edit d o c s I n 1787 h t , wit Claviere and Mirabeau, founded the S o o ié é de s ' i i r A m s de s N o s .
D . . 1 1 1 7 87 . A . , address on Finances of France, Oct ,
I .
HUGUET ( Marc - Antoine) ’
Oc t . 9 179 6 . J u rn al e s D e bat e t Executed at Paris, , Edited o d s
D écr e t s .
S . 21 1794 . D . , Paris , March ,
See N o ; 429 .
MALLET DU PAN ( Jacques ) . Mer c u r e de F an c e an d a t h e Edited the r afterwards, in Engl nd, r t i e Mcr e a e B ri an n qu . ’ . S . . 4 t o . d E s c he r . A . L , Aug , M y
- LOUVET DE C OU V R A I ( Jean Baptiste ) . A ve n t u r e h e l e Conventionnel Girondin . Author of s da C va i er d F au blas ‘ L e t in e l le , editor of a S n .
. . S . 27 17 97 . A L , Paris, June ,
P .
- ROBERT ( Lo uise Felicité Gu in e m e n t de Kér al io ) Madame . L Mc r a r N at i n a l , with Carra, e e e o ; regarded by some _Edited as having first suggested a Republic fo r France .
. . S . 21 17 90. A L , Paris, May , H A MP E N E Z C C T ( Lo uis ) Marquis de . i l i t e t e Gu l o t n e d t 23 17 94. A c s des A o r s a Paris, July , Edited p , h Royalist journal . Celebrated duellist and maker of epigrams ; t e
Franc ois Villon of the Revolution .
. S . . 23 A . L , Nov ,
PELTIER ( Jc an - Gabrie l ) Journalist o f the Royal party and editor o f t h e A c t e s de s A o t r s p e .
. . S . o 19 18 15 . A L , L ndon, March ,
P .
- ROYOU ( Jac qu e s C o ve n t in ) . On e of the chief journalists o f the Royal party, and founder ’ o f L A m i da R o i o n 1 , the first number of which appeared June ,
1 790. 26 182 . S . . 5 s A L . , Paris, Feb , , reciting the event of his
political life .
YOUN G ( Arthur ) . who English agriculturist , described the conditions of France
and the coming of the Revolution .
'
. S . B radfie ld . A L . , Hall
P . 10
' “ - I LOUIS XVI ( Louis Auguste ) King o f France .
. 21 1793 at l a Guillotined at Paris, Jan _ , , the Place de Revo
l u t io n . e d h is Married Marie Antoinette o f Austria. Succe de
n o X 10 17 7 4. gra dfather, L uis V, . May ,
. . S . A L , Versailles, to Malesherbes .
P . I . U ; LO IS . XVI o t o a his Royal rder p y livres to old nurse, Demoiselle
Mallard .
1 2. n e d S . . 3 7 9 S l D . , Paris, Feb , g also by Arnaud de la ‘ I n t e nde n t C l vil Porte, of the List
MALLARD ( Demoiselle ) .
The nurse of Louis XVI when an infant .
S . A . L . , July
- BUACHE ( Jean Nicolas de la Neuville ) .
Taught Louis geography, his favorite study . When in the t h T o a e . emple, L uis t ught Dauphin geography Ma . . S . t o . A L , M Bory, y
an - ZEPPE ( Jc Pierre Marie) . ' ' r f X I o h e o t o The carpente O Louis V wh m . empl yed teach the
Dauphin .
. S . . ne 28 1 808 e L , St Cloud, Ju , , in which he solicits the titl
o f Carpenter to the Emperor .
MARIE ANTOINE TTE Jo s éph e e Jeanne de L o r r am e ) .
. 16 179 3. o f Guillotined at Paris, Oct , Queen France . Married '
16 1 77 0 . Ma 1 17 74 the Dauphin May , ; became Queen y 0, , injured
b 1785 . in , reputation y the affair of the diamond necklace in
. 2 17 9 3 Imprisoned in the Conciergerie Aug , .
A . L.
r . 5 9 . ADELAIDE ( Ma ie ) de France
. k Daughter of Louis XV, aunt of Louis XVI , nic named by her
L u . father, oq e ( rag ) ‘ 1 178 1 A . L . S ., Versailles, March 5 ,
P .
- ar e e . 6 0. VICTOIRE ( Louise M ie Th r se) de France o f X VI a m Daughter Louis XV, aunt of Louis ; c lled fa iliarly
C c he . by her father, o ( pig )
A . L . S .
- X i . 6 1 . LOUIS ( Stanislas avier ) Comte de Prov nce B e 1 79 1 rother of Louis XVI ; fled from Paris Jun , ; returned “ t o F 24 1 8 14 23 1 8 15 rance April , ; fled to Belgium March , ;
24 1 8 15 L . returned June , , as ouis XVIII
. . S . . 12 18 10 A L , Feb ,
- s . 62. MARIE ( Josephine Loui e ) de Savoie
Wife of Louis XVIII .
S . N o . 12 17 90. . . v A L ,
P .
’ AR t A r o i f . 6 3 C m t s . o . CH LES X ( Philippe, o e d ) France Brother of Louis XVI ; married Marie - Therese de Savoie ; fled
17 17 89 e . 16 1824 from Paris July , ; succeed d Louis XVIII Sept , ;
. 2 18 30. abdicated Aug ,
4 1 803. . . c t . A L S London, O , 1 1
- E . 64 . MARIE THER SE DE SAVOIE ’ Wi fe of Charles X ( Comte d A rt o is ) .
. S . . 27 17 74 . D , Versailles, Feb ,
- - 65 . ORLEANS ( Louis Philippe Joseph ) Egalité . - he e s . 6 17 93. t Guillotin d at Pari , Nov , Great grandson of
o f . Regent , and father King Louis Philippe
i J n . 31 17 93. A . L . Par s, a ,
- - P e n t h l e vr e 6 6 . ORLEANS ( Louise Marie Adelaide de Bourbon ) Duch ’ e sse d .
Wife o f Egalité and mother of Louis Philippe .
23 1 8 12. . S . . A L . , to Sir Sidney Smith, Dec \ ,
POLIGNAC Gabrielle - Yolande - Claude - Martina de P al as t ro n )
Duchesse de .
C Ou r . Friend of Marie Antoinette and the head o f. the t faction
. 23 1786 . S . L . , Versailles , Aug ,
P .
POLIGNAC ( Jules ) Du e de .
Husband o f Madame de Polignac .
'
Kit i 1 1 1794 . . S . t s e A . L , ( Hungary) , May ,
P .
- - LAMBALLE ( Marie Therese Louise de Savoie Carignan ) Princesse dc .
m o b o o f . 3 17 92. Massacred by the at the pris n La F_ orce, Sept ,
Friend of Marie Antoinette .
N o . 2 1 . S . v 78 . 5 A L , to the Comte de Longeron, ,
- - LAMBALLE ( Louis Alexandre Stanislaus de Bourbon ) Prince de . Son o f the Duc de P e n t hr iev r e and husband of Madame de
Lamballe . 8 7 . 1 1 63. . S . A . L , Versailles , Dec ,
NOAILLES ( Philippe de ) Du e de Mouchy.
ed 27 17 94 . o f Guillotin at Paris , June , Husband Madame ” 17 2 20 9 . Etiquette . Defended the Tuileries June ,
. L . S . May m NOAILLES , Mada e . Guillotined July Called Madam e Etiquette ; social
arbiter o f the Court .
D . S .
- Du e . 7 3. GUINES ( Adrien Louis de Bonnieres ) de One of the Me s s i e u r s dc C ham br e ( with de Coigny and Besen o t o val ) to Marie Ant inette, and whose co nduct did so much ’ injure the Queen s reputation .
. S . 9 17 7 9 . A . L , March ,
- - F ran u e t o t Du e . 74 . COIGNY ( Marie Francois Henri de q ) de
o . Friend of Marie Antoinette . Deputy t the Etats Généraux
Emigrated in 1 792. See Guines .
. . S . 8 17 88 . A L , July ,
- BE SE N V A L ( Pierre Victor ) Baron de . Soldier at the age of thirteen ; aide de campe t o Broglie ;
commanded troops around Paris in 1 789 ; fled from his post . ’ w o R e ve il l o n s With his S iss tr ops overcame the mob at , April
8 7 89 . 2 , 1
21 1 78 3. . S . . A . L , Paris , Jan , 1 2
LAUZUN ( Armand Louis de Go n t au t de Biron ) Du e de .
. 31 17 9 3. t e Guillotined at Paris, Dec , Companion of Lafayet in America ; claimed intimacy with Marie Antoinette ; deputy t o
the Etats Généraux ; commanded the Army o f the North in 1792.
. S . A L. , Paris, June
- - CAMPAN ( Jeanne Lou1 se H e n r 1e t t e Genet ) Madame . s o Governe s t the Royal children .
. S . 5 180 . A L . , June , 5
P .
- GENLIS ( Stephanie Felicite Du c r e s t ) Comtesse . o n e Wife of the Marquis Sillery, the Girondin ; of the women f o f the Court . Governess to the children O Philippe Egalité .
S . 27 1787 . A . L . , Paris, June , F O . MARIE ANTOINETTE, LIBRARY s b r G t o t he Thi piece, signed y Madame Genet ampon, Secretary ’ d o f fo r n Queen, acknowle ges the receipt books Marie A toinette s t private library at Versailles . The Queen ook her library with
her to the Tuileries .
A . M RIE ANTOINETTE, Queen of France
Principal victim of the affair o f the diamond necklace . Mira T h e a air o t he diam nd n e c k l e has bee n t he beau said . ff f o ac o t i o oe i t r r e t e e . T he h s t he p lu de of h e R v ht n . G the d clared o y of r a o e t n n e c klac e f r m s t h e e f c e t he R v l u i . o p f o— o S . 8 e . J 1 5 1 7 5 a f w D , Versailles , uly , days before the
discovery of the plot .
P . I .
- BARRY ( Marie Jeanne Gomart de V au be rn ie r ) Comtesse du .
. 8 1 7 93. o Guillotined at Paris, Dec , For whom L uis XV
originally ordered the diamond necklace .
S . . 18 17 80. A . L . , Louveciennes, Sept ,
P .
- DE L A MOT T E VALOIS ( Marie Antoine Nicolas) Comte .
D e l am o t t e . Husband of Madame , and one of the swindlers
10 1 7 85 . April , sold a portion of the jewels in London
. 22 1825 . A L . S , Paris , Jan . ,
DE L A M T T E - O VALOIS ( Jeanne de Saint Remy de Val ) . D e - - Married l am o t t e at Bar sur Aube . Feb . received the neckl ace from the hands of de Rohan ; escaped from Pari s
. 6 178 . 20 1 78 Aug , 5 ; arrested and imprisoned in Bastille Aug , 5 ; transferred to the Conciergerie ( where the present letter was written) May condem ned to be s c ar e d with hot irons May
. . S . e 3 1 7 86 . A L , Concierg rie, June , asserting her innocence
P . I .
GU ME N E E - - ROHAN, , ( Louis René Edward) Prince and Cardi
nal de . ff Next to the Queen, the chief dupe in the a air of the diamond
n ecklace .
. . S . . 1 3 17 8 3 A L , Versailles, Aug , , concerning Cagliostro, then
s d . in Stra burg, whom he recommen s I
E L - GE OR G ( Jean Francois) A bbe . o f Friend of de Rohan, whose defense he prepared at the trial ff the a air of the nec klace .
. S . 28 177 3. L , Vienna, July , 13
CAGLIOSTRO ( Giuseppi Balsamo ) de . ne The alleged principal in the necklace fraud . Impriso d in
23 1785 . . 30 1785 the Bastille Aug . , He arrived in Paris Jan , , 29 while de Ro han had already treated wi th the jewelers o n Jan . . r S . 16 . A . L . , Paris, Ma ch , to Cardinal de Rohan, and relating aff to the air .
P . I .
‘ - - r DR EUX BREZE ( Henri E vra d ) Marquis de . Grand Mast er of Ceremonies at the opening of the Etats
‘ Généraux when they met in the Salle des Menus -P laisirs at
1 7 89 . o f : t he Versailles , May 5 , It consisted the Three orders
o . o r at . Clergy, the _Nobility, and the C mmons, Third Est e
S . 22 17 87 t o o f L . , Versailles, April , , relative the Assembly
the Notables .
I .
- - BARENTIN ( Charles Lo uis Francois de Paul ) De . s wh o at Keeper of the Seal , opened the Etats Généraux Ver 1 5 789 . sailles May , 78 . . S . 1 6 1 9 A L , Versailles , June , , to the King, beseeching him
to be neutral as regards t h e Third Estate . On the following
day the National Assembly was constituted . I
N - e - e JUIG E ( Antoine El anor L on Le Clerc ) de . o f t o s Archbishop Paris, deputy from the Clergy the Etat
Généraux .
1 . S . 10 794 A . L . , March , — GOBEL Jean - Baptiste Jo s e phe )
i 12 17 94 . t o Guillot ned at Paris , April , Deputy from Clergy f “ s Etats Généraux . Became the Constitutional Bishop o Pari
15 17 9 1 . 7 17 93 l March , . Nov , , renounced his ecclesiastica func
tions and abjured the Church .
. . S . . 5 17 9 1 . A L , Sept ,
MESNARD ( Clement ) .
Deputy from Clergy to Etats Généraux . Joined the National 24 Assembly June 1 7 8 9 .
. . S . 1 1 17 90. A L , Paris, March ,
P .
- GOUTTES ( Jean Louis ) .
s 27 1 7 94 . Guillotined at Pari , March Deputy from the Clergy o to the Etats Généraux . He proposed aband nment o f all t he o f privileges the order, thus being among the first o f his order
t o adopt Revolutionary ideas . 2 1 . . S . . 8 17 9 . A L , Paris , Jan , P
- A bbe COULMIERS ( Francois Simonet ) de ,
t o . 22 9 Deputy from Clergy Etats Généraux On June , 1 78 , Coulmiers appeared with some other priests and united with
the Third Estate .
. . S . . 1 17 8 1 . A L , Paris, Feb ,
94 . MAURY ( Jean Deputy from Clergy to Etats Généraux ; defended the Mo n archy and Oppose d Mirabeau in the Assembly ; mobbed by t he
1 3 1 790. people April ,
. . S . . 1 1 785 . A L , Paris , Jan ,
P . I . 1 4
DI LLON ( Dominique ) . Deputy from the Clergy t o Etats Généraux ; joined the Natio nal
h 22 1 789 hi . Assembly, took the oat June , , and signed s name 24 a _ , On June after , the m jority of the Clergy had joined the a o Third Est te, which, after the ath in the Jeu de Paume , called itself the National Assembly a term first suggested by one of e — the Clergy, Cur Marolles, and adopted by Mirabeau Dillon w as suggested to act as one o f the Secretaries .
395 . See No .
D . S . LINDET ( Robert- Thom as
“ Deputy from Clergy t o Etats Généraux ; e Bishop under “ b came the Constitutio n ; regicide ; member o f Committee of Public
20 17 94 . Safety ; President of Convention April ,
. S . 22 17 93. A . L , Evreux, July ,
THIBAULT ( Anne Alexandre Marie ) . Deputy from Clergy t o Etats Généraux ; voted fo r imprison
ment of King, as against death .
D . o f A . , original manuscript his speech before the Etats Gen r a x é u on the state of France . B JOU E R T ( Pierre Mathieu ) . Deputy from Clergy to Etats Généraux ; took the civic oath
March 8 1 79 1 .
. 4 17 90. . S. A L . , Paris , Oct ,
- C L E R E MON T T ON N E R E ( Anne A n t o in e Ju l e s ) de . t o s Deputy from Clergy Etat Généraux ; with five of his order ,
protested against the Civil Constitution, and emigrated . Arch
bishop o f Toulouse .
. 2 2 S . . 4 1 8 1 . A . L , Dec , GREGOIRE ( Baptiste - Henri ) Deputy from Clergy to E tats Généraux ; with fiv e of his order 1 4 1 7 8 9 o June , , joined the National Assembly ; t ok the oath in the Jeu de Paume June elected Secretary ; voted fo r ’ a : L his t o i r e de s r i s e s t l e m ar t r the abolition of Roy lty, saying o y i oloye de s n at on s . Declined by letter to vote for death o f King ; i refused to abjure h s religion .
. . S . A L , July
R O C H E F O C A L D - 101 . LA U U U LIANCOURT ( Franc ois Alexandre
Frederic ) . h ’ Grand Master o f t e King s Wardrobe . Deputy from the No
bil it . o f J 12 1 7 89 y to Etats Généraux On the night uly , after ’ in I s the affair _ Tuileries garden, in reply to the King s query, i l ” “ ” t a r e v t " N o . o he answered, , Sire ; a Revolution President
of National Assembly ; emigrated to England .
. S . . 2 1803. A L . , Sept ,
’ - - - AN T R AI GU E S ( Emmanuel Louis Henry de Launay ) Comte d .
22 18 12. Assassinated at Barme, England, July , Deputy from N t o t t o obility Eta s Généraux ; emigrated Switzerland, then to e e Russia , where he embrac d the Greek religion ; kill d in England
by an I talian servant .
1 6 1 09 . . S . o 8 A . L , L ndon, June , ’ - - E P R E ME SN I L ( Jean Jac qu e s Duval ) d .
22 17 94 . o f Guillotined at Paris, April , Pioneer liberty . In t he Paris Parliament he insisted on the right t o legislate inde
pendent o i the Royal will . 1 4 . 18 78 . A . L . S , Sept , 15
- - - MI RABEAU ( Boniface Louis R i u e t t i ) V icomte de . _ André q e Younger brother of the great Mirabeau . Was with Lafayett in America ; member o f Order o f Cincinnatu s ; deputy from N O - I H e bilit y t o Etats Généraux ; remained a Royalist ; emigrated . wa a T o n n e r r e n s called Mir beau , paraphrased from Ton eau I a il t ie ( barr e l ) because o f his size and drinking b s .
. 28 17 8 5 . A . L . S , Paris , Nov ,
- i nto Du e Mu NOAILLES ( Philippe Lou s Marie A ine, de o chy, Prince
de Poix) Comte de .
2 4 . e a 7 179 . Guillotined at P ris , June , Husband of Madam
E tiqu ette ; deputy from Nobility to Etats Généraux .
30 17 78 . A . Versailles, Oct . ,
- i NOAILLES ( Lo uis Marie ) V c o m t e de . I
9 1804 . s Killed at Havana, Jan , Deputy from Nobility to Etat
o n e . s s o n Généraux ; fired of the fir t hots for liberty by proposing, 4 17 89 d Aug . , , that the seigneurial privileges should be destroye ,
that taxes should be levied on all citizens alike , and that feudal t h e a rights should be purchased by Communities at . reasonable
rate .
BROGLIE ( Charles Louis Victor ) Prince de . s t Arn e r i Guillotined at Pari , June Wi h Lafayette in I I
t o a aft e r . 10 can war ; Deputy from N obility Etats Génér ux ; Aug ,
1 7 92 . , declined to recognize the decree dethroning the King 1 78 . S . . 8 6 A . L , Broglie, Nov ,
’ CHATELET- LOMONT D H A R A U C OU R T ( Louis - Marie- Florent ) ’ . 1 3 1 7 93. S o n t Guillotined at Paris , Dec , of Vol aire s friend ; ‘ Deputy from the Nobility t o Etats G e n ér au x ; convicted o f having
conspired against the patriots o f the Somme .
N o . 27 1 82 . S . v 7 A . L , Paris, ,
- r e o i1 e BEAUCHAMPS ( Charles G g ) Marquis de . E t ’ t Deputy from the Nobility t o . a s Généraux ; emigrated with ’ n the D u e d A go u l e m e .
. S . 20 1 798 . A . L , Paris, June ,
- 1 . WIMPFEN Lou s Felix ) Baron de . I ' Deputy fr o m the Nobility t o Etats Généraux ; se rved in the I Republican armies ; in 1 7 93 he supported the Girondins and e ac o b 1n s m threaten d the J with arching on Paris .
. . S . . 4 1 809 . A L , Bayeux, Aug ,
P .
- PAROY ( Guy L e ge n t il ) Marquis de . t Deputy from the Nobility o Etats Généraux . 7 82 S . 14 1 . A . L . , Paris, March ,
P . l D . VAU REUIL ( Louis Phi ippe, de Rigaud ) Marquis de e Distinguished sailor . On July when t he Comt ’ d A rt o is s c prepared to e ape, Vaudreuil borrowed thirty louis for
his flight .
. S . 23 17 81 . A . L , Paris , July ,
' - - T L E N DA L T rO h im e . LALLY OL ( p Gerard ) , Marquis de
u o t o . . 4 17 89 Dep ty from the N bility Etats Généraux On Aug , , he declared that as Louis XII had been kno wn as the Father o f
’ ' hi s s o o X V I to o f people, L uis should be called the Res rer
F rench Liberty . I 20 18 . S . 5 A . L . , Paris , May ,
P . 1 6
— - - - LAFAYETTE ( Marie - Joseph Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Du Motier )
Marquis de . e N o Serv d under Washington in America ; deputy from _ the bil it t 1 1 1 7 89 y to E ats Généraux ; July , , read in the Assembly the R ight s o f Man ; became commander of Paris forces afte r t he fall of the Bastille ; resented the abolishment o f monarchy ; cap
t u r e d t . 19 17 98 . by the Austrians ; imprisoned un il Sept ,
A . L . S , Le Grange, June
P .
- - L A ME TH ( Alexandre Theodore Victor ) Baron de . Fought in American war under Rochambeau ; deputy from Nobility t o Etats Généraux ; President of the National As s embly
N o v . 20, 17 90 — h 1m r 1 s o n e d S . A . L . , Glatz w ere he was p
P .
L A ME T H ( C harl e s Malo Francois) Comte de . I Fought in American war ; wounded at Yorktown ; Deputy from E e the Nobility to the tats Généraux ; when the King fled, Jun 20 1 79 1 hat , , he moved t the Assembly renew its oath of fidelity t o the nation ; opposed the dethronement of the King ; elected
5 1 79 1 . President of the Assembly July ,
39 . See No . 5
D . S .
- r A i CASTRIES ( Armand C h a l e s u gu s t n La Croix) Du e de . e Fought gallantly in Am erican war . Deputy from t h No bility
to Etats Généraux ; representing the Royal party, he engaged in L m e t a duel with Charles a h ; emigrated . 23 . S . . A L. , L ausanne, April
I .
- - BEAUHARN AIS ( Alexandre Francois Marie) Viscomte de .
23 17 94. e i Guillotined at Paris, July , D puty from . the Nob lity to Et ats Généraux ; husband of Josephine L a Pagerie ; voted for suppression of privileges ; electe d President ; announced t o t he ’ 21 17 9 1 o f Assembly, July , , the King s flight ; suspected contrib nting to the capitu lation o f Mayence ; condemned without trial ;
- 23 1794 fiv e . executed July , , with forty others 1 S . . 7 17 9 . A . L . , Dec ,
P .
M N T L I E - 1 19 . O OS R ( Francois Dominique de Reynaud ) Comte de . ) Deputy from the Nobility to the Etats Généraux ; a strong
supporte r of Royalty . 21 31 . . S . C l e r e m o n t . 1 8 . A L , , Feb ,
P .
- - - FRETEAU DE SAINT JUST ( Emmanuel Marie Michel Philippe ) .
1 17 94 . Guillotined at Paris, May 5 , Deputy from the Nobility s o f ; to Etat Généraux ; member the Constitutional _ Committee t wice President of the National Assembly ; attacked the doctrines o f f t o the Revolutionary Club o Melun ; was sent Paris , tried and
condemned . I
S . . 12 17 89 D . , Oct , , as President of the National Assembly,
F a de l . also by the Secretaries, Mirabeau and y
P .
2 - 1 1 . MASCON ( Jean Baptiste ) Comte de . Deputy from the Nobility to the Etats Généraux ; voted agains t he o f 1 7 t reunion the Three Orders ; emigrated in 90.
. S . A L . , Paris , June
P .
1 8
‘ - - LE CHAPELIER ( Isaac R ené Gu y ) .
Guillotined at Paris, April Deputy from Third E state t o Etats Généraux ; one of t he founders o f the Breton t he a Club, the first form of J cobin ; presided over famous s e ssion
f . O . 4 1 3 the National Assembly, Aug , and , on Aug , handed to the
“ King the decrees then voted .
S . 1 8 A . L . , Rennes , March .
P . BARNAVE Antoine - Joseph - Marie - Pierre )
. 1 8 17 9 3. Guillotined at Paris , Nov , Deputy from Third Estate t o Etats Généraux; one o f the most bitter Opponents of t h e C Ou rt ; Opposed Mirabeau when the latter favored the Monarchy ; f t h e ac o bi n c a A m i la became a leader o J Club, then lled s de
C on s t it u t ion ; fought a duel with Cazales .
. S . e D , as President of that Club , being the certificat of admis
sion of Barras .
P . I
- POPULUS ( Marc Etienne ) Comte . '
14 1 7 94. e Guillotined at Lyons , Feb . , Deputy from Third Estat i to the Etat s Généraux ; comm s s ioner for making assignats .
1 30. See No .
D . S . AB B A Y E D ( Loui s Jacques) .
Deputy from Third Estate to Etats Généraux .
24 2. . . . . 1 79 A L S Melle , Dec ,
- - MIRABEAU ( Honoré Gabriel R iqu e t t i) Comte de . t o s D_ eputy from Third Estate Etat Généraux, in which he was o ad e e the f remost figure . M e his famous reply to de Br z , Master
’ “ o f who t he s Ceremonies , , in King name, ordered the Assembly “ 23 1 78 9 : to disperse, June , Go tell the King we are assembled t h r a in the name of e people, and are to be dispe sed only by b yo ” net s . Chairman of the committee reporting the Constitutio n ;
endeavored to save the monarchy . 1 1 7 8 1 . . S . . 3 . A L , Aug ,
MA L OU E T ( Pierre - Victor ) Deputy from Third Estate t o Etats Généraux and a consistent Royalist ; Oppos ed the notion t o constitute a National Assembly ; ’ proposed t o t he King s ministers that the Assembly be moved t o I m ar t i al s c ar 1 ie d o Tours ; founded the Club of p , a moti n for ’ Of s f01 l e s e n at i n the prosecution editors and publisher o , emi t o grated England .
. . S . s . 8 1 7 88 . A L , Pari , Sept ,
P . I .
- GUILLOTIN Jo s e ph Ignace) . t o o n n u -e 20 17 8 9 Deputy from Third Estate Etats Généraux ; J , , he propo sed the Salle du Jeu de Paume fo r the National Assem bly ; proposed that the death penalty should be by decapitation ; o n the idea was perfected by Dr . Louis and first used the Place
' e 22 1 7 92 e de Gr ve, April , , and the machine was first call d La ‘ o e L uisette, afterward La Guillotine ; b came a suspect , and was
in prison when Robespierre fell .
. . S . 28 1 808 . A L , Paris, March , a 1 36 . MOUNIER ( Je n t h e t o Gén ei au x 20 Deputy from Third Estate Etats ; on June , 178 9 du al l , in the Salle Jeu de Paume , he moved that the mem
bers should take a solemn oath o f federation ; emigrated in 1 7 90.
S . t o A . L . , . I Madame de Gerando 19
- MARTIN DA U C H ( Joseph ) . u Deputy from the Third Estate t o Etats Généra x ; when , in the
‘ ’ d t ak e Mo u n ie r s m o t io n Salle u Jeu de Paume, the vote was n on , a th e he alone decl red against it , and finally put his name to
s a/n t . subscribed oath, writing after his signature the word oppo
A . L . S .
P . I. GOU P I L L E A U ( Jean - Francois - Marie) a u 20 Deputy from the Third Estate t o Et ts Généraux ; on J ne , 1 89 as c o t Sa du 7 , being ill he w carried on a into the lle Jeu de
Paume t o take the oath . 2 See N O . 97 .
' D . S . R A B OU T - SAINT - ETI E NNE Jc an - Paul )
~ 1 93. . 7 Guillotined at Paris , Dec Protestant minister ; Dep uty from the Third Estate t o Etats Généraux ; elected Secretary National Assembly ; President ; aided in editing L e Moni t e u r ; supported the Girondins ; voted for the confinement o f the King o f an d s instead death ; accused arre ted, he escaped and remained o f o f concealed with his brother , in the house Payzac ; his place ’ d E l an t in e . hiding said to have been betrayed by a friend, F abre g
A . L. S .
P . TRONCHET ( Francois - Denis ) o f Deputy from the Third Estate to Etats .Généraux ; one the
w . 17 93 Committee of Five to dra up the Constitution In May, , o f he retired until after the fall Robespierre .
. S . 1 797 . A . L , Paris, July 5 ,
P . TH OU R E T Jacquee - Guillaume
s 22 1794 . Guillotined at Pari , April , Deputy from the Third
t o o f . 14 179 1 Estate Etats Généraux ; at the session Sept , , as n e President , he administered the oath of the w Constitution to o r the King, and declared the Constituent, National Assembly, C o u t h o n a l o t closed ; denounced by for engaging in Dantonist , I p ’ he was tried and condemned with Malesherbes and d E pr e m e s n il .
S . Jan . 21 17 9 1 . A . L . , ,
P . I .
- 1 42. DUPONT DE NEMOURS ( Pierre Samuel ) . Deputy from the Third Estate t o the Etats Généraux ; defended
the King with a gun o n Aug . obliged t o conceal himself until the 9 Thermidor ; President o f Cou ncil o f Ancients ; hostile to the Directory ; fled to the United States
. S . . 10 1805 . L , Dec ,
143 E I L H A D - TR R . . ( Jean Baptiste ) Deputy from the Third E state t o Etats Généraux ; advocated trans porting the remains o f Voltaire from the Abbaye o f S c e l l iér e s t o the parish church of Romilly, recalling the fact that Voltaire had 17 64 d , in , predicte the Revolution . 1 8 0 . . S . . 7 . A L , Feb , 5
P . I .
- 144 . REVEILLON ( Jean Baptiste ) .
Contractor for the Royal manufactory of paper hangings , whose establishment in the Rue Montreuil au Faubourg Saint Antoine 28 1 78 9 was sacked by the mob April , , because Reveillon was alleged t o have declared fifteen sous a day sufficient fo r a 20
’ — a workman s pay . He entered the Bastille voluntarily its l st 28 17 89 prisoner ; discharged May ,
. S . . 3 17 84 . L , Paris, Sept ,
P . I .
145 . NECKER ( Jacques ) . Mini—ster of Finances under Louis XVI . It was his abrupt dis missal attributed by the people to the influence o f Marie — ’ s o n J 1 1 1 7 89 o in Antoinette Saturday, uly , , toward five o cl ck t t h e o f the evening, tha was immediate cause the Revolution, and which created the memorable scenes in the Place Louis XV
and the Tuileries Ga rdens the following day .
. 12 1 7 7 6 . A L . S , Dec . ,
P .
' - - E S a . 146 . LAMB C ( Charles Eugene de Lorr ine ) Prince de e c 12 Commanded the regiment of G rman cavalry harged , July , 9 f 17 8 o , with preserving the statue _ Louis XV on the Place Louis
t o . A XV, which the mob threatened overthrow procession, bear ’ o s ing the busts of Necker and Philippe D rlean , there came in contact with the troo ps in the Tuileries Gardens ; some were in
o f . jured , the first blood the Revolution flowing on this occasion ’ The Prince s responsibility for this has n ever been prove d . The
Revolution is generally dated from the events o f two days later .
. . S . 18 1789 . A L , May ,
I .
- - - 147 . DESMOULINS ( Lucie Simplice Camille Benoist ) . n 12 1 89 On Su day, July , 7 , in the Palais Royal, Desmoulins
harangued the multitude, and proposed, in order that patriots
might recognize each other, a badge, or outward sign should be
e . t o h O e adopt d It was agreed wear green, the color of p , and s the crowd stripped the leave from the neighboring trees , fash i i o n n g the first cockades of the Revolution . H e then cried Aux
" - s Armes and the crowd , taking the bust of Necker and Orleans
from the Museum of Curtius , carried them through the boule
vardes to the Place Vendome, where the riot began, and thence
“ to the Place Louis XV, where it continued .
. . S . 1 1 7 9 3. . 5 A L , Jan ,
48 . 1 COCARDE NATIONALE . V e r i t abl e e im e s p c n in use during the Revolution . The first attempt to provide the Revolutionary patriots with a badge o f
was . 1 3 1 7 89 common identity by Camille Desmoulins On July , .
- - when the bourgeoisie of Petit Saint Antoine organized themselves, r r the C oc a de V e t e was the rallying sign . Between then and Oct . 1 o of the same year the tri colored badge was ad pted, for, at the was famous banquet of the Body Guards , the Cocarde Nationale ’ C c a/r de B lan c he was removed and the white, or o , the King s color,
substituted .
COCARDE NATIONALE . d 29 17 90 “ The King ecrees , May , , to the Convention that all others than the Cocarde Nationale shall be forbidden throughout
. o n 30 1792 the realm Cocardes soon became general, and July , ,
the Assembly decreed that the Cocarde could be of any material ,
provided it showed the three colors .
r . 1 1 92 The present document is the o iginal order, dated Aug , 7 , ti - L adébat signed by the President, La on , and the Secretaries ,
Tronchon and Blanchard .
BASTILLE . C o n t e m o r a/n e u s o f L a B a p o map the Chateau, published in s t il l e ’ ’
D e v o i l l e 17 89 . , printed in The first stone is said to have been 22 i 1 370 . a laid Apr l , , under Charles V It bec me a pri s on of 1
o f J State under Louis XI . On the day uly the crowd c s e e m a 6 , , " ] , advan ed by the Rue Saint Antoine past p into U and T he t he cannons were placed by V o pposite D . French guards and E the citizens , commanded by lie and Hulin, entered by Q and ~ found Swiss guards and the Governor in , S , where they surren l o dered . The gu ns of the Basti le had fired fr m the towers D
and H .
L e t t r e de C ac he t f BASTILLE , Order o f Loui s XIV ( by the hand of his Secretary ) for the “ imprisonment in my chateau of the Bastille , and examination ’ l A bbé P at o u ill e t of Jean Baptiste , probably concerned in the
f . L e t t r e poisoning af airs of La Voisin The has the usual form, ” I pray God that He may hold thee in His holy keeping . 22 . 1 668 . L e Dated Dec , Signed by Michel Tellier, the Secre
tary of State . ’ . L e t t r e d E lar i s s e m e n t BASTIL LE , g .
Order releasing the same prisoner from the Bastille .
. S . o 2 1 669 . D , Li nne , Paris , April ,
LES PIQUES . Verit able specimens employed during the Revolution by the
people and by the National Guard , and so often used to carry
heads o n the occasion o f massacres .
L A T U DE ( Henri Masers ) de .
One of the most famous prisoners o f the Bastille . Ambitious at of preferment, he sought it fraudulently the hands of Madame
- Pompadour . Sending her anonymously a box of face powder , he followed it to Versailles with a story o f overhearin g a plot to
- o . o poison her with a deadly face p wder She , h wever , co mpared
the writing on the packet with his , and detected his hand . For this he was impriso ned at Vincennes and the Bastille fo r various r - fiv e periods covering thi ty years, from both of which prisons he
escaped .
. S . 3 1 7 8 . 5 . A L , Bastille, July , , to Louis XV
~ P . I .
- A n t in e P POMPADOUR ( Jeanne o e t t o is s o n ) Marquise de . wh o d Famous woman exercise great influence over Louis XV, o and by her c nduct contributed to the decay of the monarchy .
A . L . S . P
FAC SIMILE of the famous box o f face - powder se nt to Madame L at u de Pompadour by , and showing his handwriting .
e ll ai LE GROS ( G n ) Madame .
The liberator o f L at u de . Finding a piece of paper written by fo r him appealing help , although poor herself, she succeeded in m enlisting the sy pathies . of many, and obtained his freedom .
' For this the French Academy conferred o n her the Mon t hyon r iz e o 1 p for the most virtu us action done in the year 784 .
. . S . 25 1 7 9 1 . P a ll o . A L , Paris, March , To the Patriot y
P .
- SALLE ( Adrien Nicholas ) Marqui s De La . o e o S ldi r ; sec nd only to Lafayette in command of the Paris Guard . On 1 4 17 89 as July , , he did all that w p o ssible to save the life of De Launey, but failed .
. . S . . 28 1 7 68 A L , Oct , , relating to Louis XV receiving the
King o f Denmark .
- - LAUNEY ( Bernard René Jourdan ) Marquis de . a 1 4 178 M ssacred at Paris , July , 9 . Governor of the Bastille 22
from 1 7 7 6 t o its fall . On that day he defended the Chateau de la Bastille with eighty - eight s oldiers of the I n v alide s and thirty ’ - am de . A c four of the Swiss company of Salis S a . t eight O lock o wn in the morning, cannon, by his orders , were pointed toward ’ t he Rue Saint - Antoine ; abo ut o n e o clock in the afternoon he fired on the cro wd in the Rue Saint - Antoine and in the C o ur de ’
l Orm e 3 P . M . ( see map , ) surrendered to Elie and Hulin at h o t o Directly after, escorted by Hulin, w had pledged his honor h o save him and w held him by the arm, the crowd fell upon e a s him, and in the Place de la Gr ve, lmost at the step of the as Off an d o n Hotel de Ville, he w killed and his head cut carried
a pike . . S . 9 17 86 A . L . , Bastille, March ,
P . I .
- TH U R I OT DE LA ROZIERE ( Jac qu e s Alexis ) .
One of the Electors of the city o f Pari s . On the morning of 14 7 8 9 July , 1 , he was deputed to go to the Bastille and ask the
Governor to remove the cannon from their threatening positions ,
' and that the chateau might be guarded by National troops . De Launey agreed t o withdraw the cannon and promised not to fire r i on the people unless attacked . Thu o t then showed himself from
the bastian that the p eo ple might know he was safe .
8 9 . . S . . 7 17 D , Paris, Oct , I
HULIN ( Pierre - Augustin)
‘ Soldier an d conquero r o f the Bastille . In the afternoon of July 1 4 he pu t himself at the head of the French Guards an d the bourgeois with five pieces of cannon and attacked the Bas
tille . After the surrender he failed in his attempt to escort De
I L au n ey t o the Hotel de Ville . I
L . S . 21 1 8 1 5 . . Paris , May ,
- ELIE ( Jacques Jo b ) .
o f . Soldier , and the leading figure in the taking the Bastille Finding himself in the crowd before the Hotel de Ville on the 14 - morning of July , and seeing the mob without a leader, he hastened h ome and put o n his uniform He then put himself at a n d the head of the assailants of the Bastille , it was to him
that the Governor surrendered . He was the firs t o f the be s e ige r s t o t h e to enter the Bastille . He himself bore Hotel de Ville the
key of the Bastille . 1 7 97 . . S . . 1 . A D , Jan
I . P A L L OY ( Pierre - Franc ois ) Architect ; one of the conquerors of the Bastille ; obtained the
contract for demolishing the building , and encouraging the patri
a r n v otic sentiment for souvenirs , he made fortune in selling o a
ments cut from the stones of the Bastille . He sent a complete t h e - r o f model to each of eighty three Depa tments France. He at r i t assumed the soubriquet of the P o .
2 1 7 92. . . S . . A L , Paris, Sept ,
P .
FLESSELLE S ( Jacques de ) . o f Massacred at Paris , July Provost Merchants . Early on the day when the Bastille fell he was accuse d of
influencing the Governor to prolong his resistance . When, on the n 14 late afternoo of July , after De Launey, Governor o f the e e Bastill , was kill d , it was alleged that a letter was found o n o his pers n, written by Flesselles , urging him to hold the Bastille
and the Royal troops would soon relieve him . This letter was 23
e hi s wa never produced . Fless lles was on y from the Hotel de o o n e Ville t o the Palais R yal to justify himself, when some in the crowd shot him ; his head was then cut o ff and carried on a pike about the streets 81 . S . . 1 8 17 . L , Oct . ,
- D A L X n . 1 65 . U S U ( Jea Joseph ) o f 14 One o f the committee named by the Electors Paris, July , 1 7 89 t o c o n , preserve order and to protect the citizens in the
fusion and disorder of that eventful day . I
23 17 89 . . S . n A L . , Paris, Ju e ,
P .
F OU L L ON Jo s e ph - Francois I 22 o f 1789 . Massacred at Paris, July , Comptroller General 1 2 1 78 9 o f Finances when he was appointed, on July , , Intendant
Marine . Always bitter against the people, he was accused of i t h e e l e we r e h u n r t he m i ht e at r as s having said that f p op g y , y g g ; like t o m o w P ar i s as o n e w u ld m o a and again, he would o w e m adow. The mob took him from the Hotel de Ville and hung la t r e Off him from a n e n in the Place de Gr ve, and then cut his
head .
N o . 2 . . 1 9 7 . . S v 6 A L , Versailles , , 5
P . I .
E R ‘ - - 167 . B RTIE DE SAUVIGNY ( Louis Benigne Francois de ) .
23 1 7 89 . Massacred at Paris, July , Intendant of Finance and
- - s o n in l aw o f m c r . Foullon , with who he spe ulated in g ain He was arrested at C o mpeign e and taken to Paris ; the crowd made o f him kiss the head Foullon and then massacred him .
S . . 3 1 789 . D . , Paris , Feb ,
I .
GORSAS ( Antoine - Joseph ) 7 1 7 . 9 3. Guillotined at Paris, Oct , 4 1789 On Oct . , , at the Palais Royal, he publicly read that ’ C u ri er de V er s ai l le s day s number of his o , describing the famous - s banquet of the Royal body guard, and declaring that tho e pres
ent had trampled under foot the national cocarde . The crowd ” “ l began to cry , On to Versail es , Give us bread, and thus was started the movement of the March of the Women the ’ following day, and the King s entry to Paris the second day . d 2 1 7 93 Go r s as Proscribe , June , , fled ; but , returning to Paris, t Oc t . 1 . he was arres ed and executed the same day, 7 , 793
A . D . S .
TH E R OI GN E UR - Jo s e h e DE MERI CO T ( Anne p Terwagne ) .
. 5 1 789 Famous female Revolutionist On Oct , , in the garb Of an Amazon , she led the mob of women from Paris to Versailles,
and the following day escorted the King to Paris . Her salon — she was a woman of convent education was attended by many o f of the leading spirits the National Assembly. She herself d attended and addresse the Club of the Cordeliers . She was
. 10 7 prominent in the attack on the Tuileries , Aug , 1 92. Allied
. 31 1 7 9 3 herself with the Girondins On May , , defending B r is s o t m o b before a of women, they fell upon and beat her . Became
insane and died in an asylum .
A . L . S .
P . I . 24
- 170. SAINT PRIEST ( Francois Emmanuel Guignard) Comte . ’ Secretary o f the King s house at Versailles at the time of the x who E tats Générau . He was accused of saying to the women had
. 5 1789 : W h e n o u had n l o n e marched to Versailles on Oct , y o y r h Kin g y o u had b e ad; n o w y o u home go an d a s k it o f t e m . 1 B . 4 1 90 . L . S , Paris, Dec . , 7 , to ailly ’ - l A bbe. 17 1 . MULOT ( Francois Valentin ) o As an Elect r of Paris, he bore an important part on the day
o f 14 1789 . E t o July , lected Deputy the Legislative Assembly
7 1 . e in 1 9 This present letter is of great int erest, as it describ s t h e s o f National A sembly in session at Versailles , and a meeting \ the committee with Bailly at the Hotel de Ville . On the arrival o f t he n r Natio al Convention at Pa is , Mulot was appointed to wait upon tha t body and welcome it in the name of the City
of Paris .
1 8 17 89 . . . S . . A L , Paris, Sept ,
P .
- BUREAUX DE PUSY ( Jean Xavier ) .
Deputy from the Nobility t o the Etats Généraux . He was 2 1 7 90 o f t h e a b . elected President N tional Assem ly Feb , and t wo presided over the remarkable seance days later, when the King entered the hall and declared hi s purpose to maintain
constitutional liberty . ’ s On the King dethronement , Bureaux de Pusy went to America ,
and the present lette r is written from N e w Yo rk . He returned f to France a e w ye ars later .
. . S . N e w . 23 17 99 . A L , York, Nov ,
F A V R A S ( Thomas Mahi ) Marquis de .
1 9 1 0. Mo s u e e e . 7 9 u Hung on the Plac de Gr ve, at Paris , Feb , q
taire and lieutenant in the Swiss Guards of the Count of Province . 1 7 8 9 “ Accused, Dec . , , of having plotted against the Revolution ; ; as s as s i having tried at night to introduce armed _men into Paris
nating Bailly, Lafayette and Necker ; removing the Seal of the
awa t he e . State , and carrying y _ Royal family to P ronne Con m n e de d and hung . I
L . S . e . . 3 17 90. A L , Prison of the Abbay , Jan ,
P . I .
E - - - - — LAFAYETT ( Marie Joseph Paul Ro c h Yves Gilbert Du Motier ) . 14 1 7 90 a o f s On July , , the anniversary of the c pture the Ba tille, and On the occasion o f the grand civic federation at the Champ e de Mars , he serv d as the Grand Master of Ceremonies in the
presence o f persons .
1 . . . S . 1 18 16 A L , June ,
P . I .
- - TALLEYRAND PERIGORD ( Charles Maurice de ) . Bis0p of Autun ; Deputy t o the E tats Gé néraux ; Secretary and l A s e m b . On 14 1 90 a e o f President of the y July , 7 , at the gre t f te
the federation on the Champs de Mars , the first anniversary of Of t he the taking Bastille , he served as Grand High Priest, blessing
. . 25 17 9 1 o f the flags On Jan , , without the authority the Pope , d fo r he consecrate the first two Constitutional bishops , which he I 179 1 was suspended by Rome . n he went to Lo ndon and was ’ i there when, in December , the King s secret papers were d s c o v
ered , showing the relationship between him and the Intendant
. t o Laporte From England , Talleyrand escaped America, landing
at Philadelphia, where he engaged in business . He returned t o 6 1 7 9 . Paris in , under the Directory
. 1 828 . . S . A L ,
P . I .
26
as a coachman he dro ve the Berlin coach containing the Royal family on their flight ; t h e e xac t location where the carriage wait ed _ ’ r R an d is said to be the co ner of Rue de ivoli the Rue de l E c h e ll e .
. . S . 12 1 . A D , April , 7 90
P . I .
C l - - CHOISEUL ( Ant G duc de ) . Office r o f Hussars ; whose abandonment o f his post at Pont - de S o m m e v e s l e caused the plans fo r the escape of the Ro yal fami ly h is a m to go astray ; had he , with det ch ent, remained until the
‘ r Royal coach arrived, some three hours later, the histo y of France ' difie r e n t l might have been y writt en .
S . 4 1 9 . A . , Nancy, June , 78 DROUET ( Jc an - Baptiste ) Maitre de Pos te at Sainte- Menehould when the Ro yal family — ’ o f 2 passed through about seven o clock in the evening June 1 , 17 9 1 o o discovered the identity of the King and r used the pe ple, ' o r n following the R yal ca riage to Vare nes , where he caused the arrest ; elected member o f the Convention ; j o ined the Mou n t ai n or ; ; r radical faction regicide sent on a ‘ mission to the A my of the North ; captured by the Austrians and exchanged for the young
P r incesse R oyale .
L . 2 1 A W . S . 9 93. , Aug , 7
- MA B - - LATOUR U OU R G ( Marie Charles César de Fay ) .
Deputy from the Nobility to Etats Généraux . When news came ’ o f e 22 1 1 the King s capture at Varenn s June , 79 , a few minutes ’ c n after ten o clo k in the evening, great exciteme t prevailed in the ‘ at - - hi r a Assembly and a recess was taken ; ten t ty it met gain, and ’ at o n e c 23 o clo k in the morning of June . he , with Barnave and e a o o t o an d o P tion , were n med a C mmittee to g Varennes esc rt the
. 10 1 92 w . King back to Paris ; after Aug , 7 , he fled ith Lafayette
S . A . D . — BARNAVE ( Antoine - Joseph - Marie Pierre )
- 28 1 93. t m Guillotined at Paris , Nov . , 7 Depu y fro Third Estate t o Etats Généraux ; Preside nt o f ' the Jac o b in s ; ente red the Na t io n al As R an t a o ~ sembly with most pronounced epublican views , g niz in g Mirabeau ; named o n the Committee of three to go t o Varennes and escort the captured King back to Paris ; he and a r Petion occupied the Royal co ch, and Ba nave showed the King ’ re at r e s e c t r g fl p ; when the King s papers were discove ed after the f t d d im capture o the Tuileries he was incrimina e , arreste and prisoned at Grenoble for fifteen months ; later he was co ndemned
and guillotined .
1 2. . D . 7 7 9 A , June ,
P . I .
PETION DE VILLENEU VE ( Jero me ) . Deputy fro m Third Estate to Etats Généraux ; President pf the ' National Assembly ; one of the Co m mittee t o e scort the King from Varennes to Paris ; occupying the same carriage with t h e Royal
family he was accused o f r udeness ; elected Mayor of Paris , suc c e e din g Bailly ; on the assembling of the National Conventio n 2 1 92 h e e Sept . 0, 7 , was elected its first Pr sident ; voted for the o f t h e r o f death King, but with eprieve ; united with the friends the Girondins : accused as t h e con fident of Du m o u rie z ; he was pro scribed and fled t o Calvados ; his body and that o f B u z o t were
found partly eaten by wolves .
S . A . L .
P . I . 27
‘ DUMAS ( Mathieu ) Comte: a in 23 1 9 1 With Rochambe u America ; he was appointed July , 7 ‘ r an d o as a military representative, to esco t the Com mittee R yal o family t Paris from Varennes .
S . A . L .
LOUIS ( Antoine ) Dr . Perpetual Sec retary to the Académie de Chirurgie ; contributed l l articles on surgery to the E n cy c opedi c ; although Dr . Guil otine
Oc t . 10 17 8 9 o as on , , pr posed decapit ation a means of execution ,
'
it was 1 92 a D . in s t ru not until March 7 , 7 , th t r Louis devised the - ment which was ado pted by the - A s e m bly ; it was at first called
L a L u is e t t e L a P e t i t e L o u is o n . o , or , after its inventor
A . L . S . P
DE SP E R R I E R E S ( Gabriel - Adrien - Marie P o is s o n ie r )
' . On 20 1 92 o Soldier and Colonel June , 7 , he c vered the King h -wn t o o e m o b a with is _ o body pr t ct him from the , and c rried the n e a Dauphi in his arms wh n the troops , under L nterne, were passing
the Tuileries .
28 1 830. s a S . . A . L . , Jan , In this pre ent letter he declares th t 13 v e n de m iare 4 1 7 95 h e t o o n on the ( Oct . , ) was ordered fire the — citizens of Paris and refused a work which was taken up by
o d a . B naparte, lea ing the l tter to an Empire
I . LAMOURE TTE ( Antoine - Adrien )
. 1 1 1 94 . a Guillotined at Paris Jan , 7 Priest and Legisl tor ; his fame rest s mostly o n a speech made by him in the As sembly July 1 92 o t o o 7 , 7 , when by sounding the right n e he br ught harm ny, for im h ad the t e at least, out of the discord into which the Assembly c o a fallen ; he pi tured the torn conditi n of France, the j e lousy of o n e faction of another, the gloating of the common enemy over their internal dissens ions he called upon t hem t o stand unite d for the Constitution ; the sc ene which follo wed was one o f the great events o f that As sembly ; the members o f the l e ft fell upo n the o n r i ht o necks of those the g , and everywhere all divisi ns were
obliterated .
9 1 89 . S . . 7 A . L . , Sept ,
- ROGE T DE LI SLE ( Claude Joseph ) . o ffi 1 92 Young artillery cer ; in April, 7 , he composed the words and e b o L a Mar s e i llai s e music of the hymn , sinc ecome fam us as o a it was comp sed, as if by inspiration, in single night at the c S o f hi s . request host, M Dietri h , Mayor of trasburg, and was ’ ha/n t de u e r r e de l A r m ée du R hi n ‘ entitled O G , it became known n a o under its prese t name when the volunteers , m rching fr m Mar 130 17 92 o L am ar seilles , arrived at Paris , July , , singing it en r ute ;
- tine c alled it the Fire water Of the Revolutio n .
3 1 827 . . S . A . L , March ,
P . I . DIE-TRI CH ( Philippe - Frederic ) - . 30 17 94 . r o f a Guillotined at Paris; Dec , Mayo Str sburg, in
' whos e house and at whose suggestion Roget de Lisle co mpo sed his e e M u n t a/in famous Marseillaise ; r volutionist, he oppos d the o 1 1 2 e . 0 9 o as n faction ; after Aug , 7 , he declared his Oppositi n ; w
rolled amon g the emi gres ; returned and was captured .
1 8 1785 . S . o A . L . , T ulouse, July _ ,
P . I . B A R B A R OU X Charles - Jean - Marie ) 2 u n 5 17 94 . Guillotined at Bordeaux, J e , At the instigation o f Madame Roland he summ oned the voluntee rs from Marseilles and 28
hims elf carried t o Paris the reso lutions calling for the dethrone t h e t o f B arbar o u x ment of King ; the obj ec , and the people baék o f t o a a him, was inflame the people, intimid te the Nation l Guard o f t o Paris, and help consummate the plans o f the Giro n dins ; too k a o n 1 1 2 leading part in the attack the Tuileries Aug. 0, 7 9 ; became o n e a of the le ders of the Girondins ; regic ide . On the fall of his o n a facti he escaped to Borde ux, but was recognized and executed .
A . L . S .
P . A N I E L S R ( Jacque s ) . 2 1 G 9 4 . uillotined at Paris , July , 79 Member of the Co mmune ; o n e o f t h e r o f ff 1 1 2 chief p omoters the a air of Aug . 0, 79 , when occurred the attack on the T uileries he organized the different sec
o f n o t o it s f r . tions _ Paris , assigning new judicial fu cti ns o fice s The
present item is his official report to the Assembly .
. . S . . 14 1 2 9 . A L , Aug , 7
- a - MANDAT ( Antoine Je n Galliot ) Marquis de . 10 1 2 . 9 . o a o f Massacred at Paris , Aug , 7 C mm nder the National P e o o f t o Guard ; ordered by tion, May r Paris, hold the Tuileries an d o l combat f rce with force ; early on the mo rning o f Aug . o t h he was summoned to the Ho te l de Ville t o find a new municipal party r e a an d in control ; ar est d by D nton, while setting out for the o o f Abbaye was sh t and killed o n the steps the Ho tel de Ville . 1 1 2 i r . S . A u . 9 n n e da s be e t h e m as s c r e 7 a . A D . , Paris, g , , y fo
’ ' - MAILLY D H A R C OURT ( August in Jo seph de ) .
e r 25 1794. c Guillotin d at Pa is, March , "Marshal of Fran e ; com m an de d in 17 90 one of the four armies ; defended the Tuileries on
. 10 1 7 92 c u o f was o Aug , , escaping the tragi res lts that day ; he so n a t e a t o a c r f r arrested, t ken Arras , and there decapit ted ; he died y l i I i t h l l : V in e e r o die a u t o m Kin like a l m an c e s t r s . ing , f f y g y o
. . S . 21 1 92 A L , Paris, July , 7 . ' R E a CA L ( R phael ) . 1 1 2 0 9 . Massacred by the Mob, Aug . , 7 Jeweler by trade ; he ’ was h t o B at al lio n d H e n r i o n 1 0 c osen command the IV ; Aug . , 1 92 u 7 , Carle , like Mandat, was defending the T ileries, when the e d t e people, enrag d at the attitude of defense and wil at h firing o n t he o crowd by the Swiss Guard, fell up n him and nearly killed P all o o him, when y , the Patriot, so the story g es , gave him the as e finishing stroke . The present letter w writt n by Carle to this l l same P a o y .
3 1 91 . . S . s . 0 A . L , Pari , Aug , 7
‘ - R OE DE R E R ( Pie rre Louis ) Comte. Deputy fro m t h e Third Estate to Etats Généraux ; in the Na t io n al ‘ o n 1 9 t h e o t r ial Assembly April 7 , 7 0, he urged instituti n of b u r n o t t o ~ fac t 12 17 90 y j y , only as but as to law ; April , , was
o n . 10 1 92 elected Secretary of the Assembly ; Aug , 7 , he attended o n n d at the Tuileries , and it was his advice that the King a court placed themselves in the hands o f the As sembly at the Manege
for which actio n he ea rned the enmity of the Co mmune . 1 1 05 . . S . N o v . 8 . A L , , P MERLIN DE THIONVILLE ( Anto ine- Ch ristophe ) Member of the National Assembly ; one of the c hief figures in
o f . 1 0 17 92 . 18 17 94 e the events Aug , Aug , , he was elected Presid nt
o f the C onventio n .
26 1 96 . . . S . . A L , Paris , Nov , 7 THEVE NARD Antoine- Jean - Marie ) Sailor and m inister ; long in public service in the marine and 29
under the King ; when the decree of dethroneme nt was announced n Wh o was in Lorient, Theve ard, stationed there as Commandant o f M a s the arine, hastened to report to the N tional A sembly the j oy a with which the news w s re ceived . 1 . . S . r e . 4 86 . A L , Lo i nt, Jan , 7 GE R B E Y SERVAN DE ( Joseph ) . o f W ar 9 1 92 f Minister , May , 7 , holding that o fice on the memo ra
l t h . 1 hi s o flic ial c ble o of Aug , 7 92. One of last a ts was to direct the substitution of the Mar s e i l la/is e fo r the T e D e u m throughout o o f France, on the ccasion military victories . T . S . o . 24 1 99 . A L . , Bernadotte, Aug , 7
P .
LAPORTE ( Arnaud de ) . f 24 1 92. o t Guillotined at Paris , Aug. , 7 Intendant the Civil lis in 1790 his office was t o arrange for paying t h e expenses and n o t h e o an d e h e pe si ns of c urt governm nt, and was held responsible by the n e w r egim e for much that was simply clerical ; when the King fled t o Varennes h e entrusted him with the letters to the Assembly ; he was the repository o f the State secrets and partien ~ ’ l arl o f . . 10 1 92 o f y the King s After Aug , 7 , letters were found his in the secret iron Armoire at the Tuileries sho wing preparatio ns
for the accommodation of a military force in the Tuileries . He was the seco n d person tried before the Revolutionary Tribunal as
finally constituted . 1 1 8 S . . A . L . , Brest, July 7 , 7 7 I A E JOU R GN C SAINT M ARD ( Franc ois ) . o f fe s wh o a c One the w prisoner escaped the M ssa res of Sept . 2 3 1 92 Mo n a n i e de t r e n t e hu i t he u r e s and , 7 he wrote go , describing his experience in the prison of the Abbaye during the two days and f the report o his examination . 1 93. . . S . 5 7 A L , May ,
P . I .
R N I A C S A o n . JOU G DE AINT ME RD, Document ’ The original o rder for his imprisonmen t in l A bbaye by the
a o f da . 23 1 92. Municip lity Paris , ted Aug , 7 The document is o o n who e signed by the infam us Municipal officer, Dauj , prepar d d the repo r t incrimi nating the Queen an signed by the Dauphin . B I OS QU L L ON ( Charle s ) . ’ 2 2 s s l A bba e . 1 9 . Ma acred at y , Sept , 7 Judge de paix ; prisoner in ’ l A bb ay e when the massacre took place and is s aid to have been e massacred by his frott ur . 12 1 8 . 8 . A . L . S , Paris , Dec . , 7
’ ’ THIERRY VILLE D AVRAY ( Marc - Antoine ) 2 1 2 a m o f he s e . 9 . t Massacred at Pari , S pt , 7 V let de Cha bre
o . o King, with wh m he had great influence He is said nce to have
been inter mediary between Louis XVI and the Girondins . It is related o f him that when the King asked hi m what he thought o f a the Royal occupation , carp entry and m chinery, he replied ; Sire, when Kings amuse themselves with the occupations of the peo ple the people are liable to amuse themselves with the busines s of ” a Kings . He was m ssacred in the Abbaye, where he was placed
10. after the days of Aug .
23 1 87 . S . 7 A . L . , Versailles , March ,
I .
S OMB R E U I L ( Franc ois - C harles - Viran de )
17 1794 . o Guillotined at Paris, June , G vernor of Hotel des 2 T . 10 1 9 Invalides ; accused of having defended the uileries , Aug , 7 he was arrested and confined in the Abbaye ; the legend is that his 30
e was . 2 1 92 daught r saved his life after he wounded on Sept , 7 , by ” complying with the alternative offered by the m o b of drinking t he o f - blood her father ; this is denied by Sergent Marceau, wh o at t he time was at the head o f all the Paris priso ns ; he escaped at t hat m was e ti e but finally ex cuted .
. a s Jan . 8 1 A . D . S , P ri , , 788 .
I .
S OMB R E U I L M - C o m t e s e Vill e lu m e . ( arie Maurille Viran ) de, a o f -m Daughter of the M rshal, who the above doubtful incident
was related .
S . 1 1 . A . L . , Paris , July
. P . I .
-N T MAR o - SERGE CEAU ( Ant ine Franc ois ) . Member of the National Conventio n ; Secretary o f t he Society o f the Jaco bins ; at the head of the priso ns in 1792; regicide ; nick o c named Sergent Agate, fr m his having been ac used of pilfering an agate ring ; hence h e joined t o his Own name the name o f his - in - l a n a w Ge . . brother , Marce u
S . 1 1821 A . L . , Milan, May , ,
P . ’ U R l l A m e r ic ain FO NIER ( C aude , dit ) Prominent at the taking of the Bas tille ; in the aff air of the ’ de 1 17 92 t t Champs Mars, July 7, , he held a pis ol at Lafaye te s r was o f r o n i b east ; he one the leade s at the attack the Tuiler es , h as i n . 10 1 92 W as w o w n e o f t he t Aug , 7 it he charg Paris volu eers wh o were to bring back from Orleans t o Versailles the 5 3 political
o a s t . 9 17 92 t e pris ners ; arriving in Vers ille Sunday, Sep , , as h y were nearing the Or an ge ri e they were massacred in the most blo od r m ee s ni r h e e thi sty anner only thr e caping ; Four e at t tim , and ’ e v e n as as d A n l as c 20 1797 _ late when Boissy g a cused him, July , ,
was held responsible fo r this atrocious act .
S . n 24 17 97 . D . , Ju e , MALE S-HERBES ( Guillau me - C hrétie n de L am o ign o n de ) 2 a 2 1 94 . Guillotined at Paris, April , 7 Distinguished dvocate
and magistrate ; as early as 1774 he urged the calling of the . E tats Gé au x o f 1792 o n nér ; when, at the end the year , the King was _ put o f trial he defended him ; like his R oyal Master, and because de
s o c ff . fending him, he lo t his head up n the s a old 2 1 1 1 . L . S Jan . , 77
P . I .
- SEZE ( Raymo nd Romain ) Comte de . He Advocate and member o f the French Academy . showed much th e n o t e u n i enthusiasm for Revolution, but was promin nt t l Malesherbes requested that he be assoc iated with him in t he trial
of the King . 2 1 1 90. S . . A . L . , Paris , Jan , 7
f i o f C o n Secretary of Foreign Af airs Comm ttee the American ,
' 2 1 2 a m o f c o n . 6 9 gress ; on Aug , 7 , the Legisl tive Asse bly France ferred the title o f French Citizen on Paine as well as on Washing M o c t o o was ton, Hamilton, and adis n ; ele ted the Conventi n his ,
o f B r is s o t a o o n o f . except that , the l st v ice raised the night Jan — 1 9 20 1 93 t o . t h e , 7 , save the King In creating the Constitution of Y e ar I I I he was one o f the three members who declared fo r uni ' vers al s u fir age .
18 1 9 . S . . 7 7 A . L . , Paris , Dec , KE RSAINT ( Armand - Guy- Simon )
. 4 1 793. o an d Guillotined at Paris , Dec , Sail r Conventionnel ; 31
he is famous for .the bold attitude taken by him in the trial of the t o o u fo r King . Openly avowing his loyalty L is he voted his 1 t fo r a . 1 8 7 93 acquitt l , and when, on Jan , the vo e the death of a the King was announced, he mounted the tribunal and excl imed I wi s h t o r e li e v e m y s e lf in p lac in g t h e r e s pon s ibi li t y fo r t his c r im e
he r e i t be l n s o n as s as s in s . I he re wi t h r e s i n an d I la m w o g , g y y r e as on s fo r t hi s in wr it in g in t he han ds of t he P r e s ide n t . Kersaint 2 1 3 an d bu t . 5 79 retire d to the country was arrested, Sept , , tried
condemned . e o f o an d a r This piece is t h original his reas ns , is d ted the ve y hi “ day of s speech .
. . 18 1793. A . D S Jan ,
- L E P E L E T I E s . R , DE SAINT FARGEAU, ( Loui Michel )
Assa s sinated at Paris , Jan . Deputy from the No
' u t bil it y to the Etats Généraux ; Conventionnel ; regicide . Going o h e o f the Convention , dined at a table in the Cafe Février in the e an - o f Palais Royal , and was settling his account wh n ex member ’ s o a the King s body guard, by the name of Paris , stabbed him th t i o he died almost directly . The follow ng day the hon urs of the
P an t h eo n were decreed him .
S . 1 790. A . L . ,
P . I . GARAT ( Jo s e ph - Dom inique T c . Advo ate, editor and legislator Deputy from the hird Estate t o Etats Généraux ; one o f the editors o f the Jou rn a l de P ari s and
the Mc r e ar e F r an cai s ; professor o f history at the Athénée . On
. 9 1 7 92 . . Oct , , he became Minister of Justice , succeeding Danton
h e o n . 20 1 79 3 o t o h e It was who Jan , , to k the King t decree of
the Convent ion and solemnly announced to him his sentence . "Th e present piece is the original warrant for the arres t of Talleyrand ( Bishop of A u -tun ) growing out of the in criminating ’ papers found in the King s secret armory at the Tuileries . e Talleyrand was then in England, and this decre was the occasion o f his flight to America ]
1 7 9 2. D . S . . , Paris, Dec 5 , .
CHAMBON DE MONTAUX ( Nicolas ) . 18 Physician and . Mayor of Paris . The original order , Jan . , 17 93 l s , for the six batta ion in the vicinity of the Temple to — guard the same during the execution o f Louis C apet a rumour running that an attempt would be made to kill the Royal family - — T h e . 1 6 1 7 during t he excitement . King was condemned Jan , 17 9 3 s r e r ie v e o n , but the que tion of p was settled only the night — 2 380 ai n s t 31 0 o r . o r o f Jan . 19 0 by a vote of ag and f This rde i i must have be en iss u ed immediately after the vote for c on v c t on .
18 1 93. . S . 7 D , Jan . , SANTERRE ( Antoine - Joseph
“ - Master brewer o f the Faubourg Saint Antoine . Soldier , and ’
d . A t t h e e xe c u . 1 1 17 92 e on Oct , , was made Maréchale Camp 21 1 7 93 tion of Louis XVI , Jan . , , he escorted the King from f t o the Temple t o the sca fold, and when the King desired say s some dying words, he ordered the drum to beat, that he could
n o t be heard .
8 1 806 . . 1 . . S . A L , Paris , Oct ,
P . I . B E R R U Y E R Jean - Francois Distinguished soldier ; officer in charge of the tr00ps around
f . o 21 1 7 9 3. the guillotine at the execution Louis XVI , Jan ,
. S . 1 2 1 7 99 . D , March ,
I . 32
- - 21 9 . ir m EDGEWORTH ( Henry Allen de F o n t ) A bbe .
’ e ac c o m an ie d h im The brave priest, conf sso r to Louis XVI, who p t o o : o n o S ai n t -L u is the guill tine, and, as the kn ife fell, cried S f o ,
as c e n d t o H e av e n .
. L . 17 9 1 . A ,
- 220. SANSON ( Charles Henri ) an d L o Public executioner during the Terror, who decapitated uis
XVI .
S . . 22 1790. A . L . , Jan ,
I E - i t e 221 . M N TA N R d . O S ( Margurite Brunet, ) Proprietor of the principal theatre in Paris at the Palais a a Royal, whose the trical performances contributed to the spre d i s of Revolutionary ideas . Accused of distribut ng medal with
e s s h o . Royalist d igns, e was long under suspici n
. S . 26 1 798 A . L , April ,
I ROYALIST E F F E G E S . Representations o f the Royalist vases used during the Revo l u t io n where the unequal lines produced the profiles of the King
and the Ro yal family .
L s . ETUIS, e
‘ Example o f one . o f the little needle boxe s used by women of
Royalist sympathies during the Reign of T error . The rims ap pearing o n the box ar e s o carved that when the shadows are formed by the light falling o n t he m t he y make a profile of King
. was Louis XVI The secret kept well through that period, as the
possession o f o n e o f these would lead to the guillotine .
N . BOUTO S, Les h o A . Button worn by the Swiss Guards w were massacred at
. 1 0 17 92. the Tuileries Aug ,
B . Button with Phrygian cap worn by the Municipal Guards .
C . Buttons o f the National Guard worn during the Reign of
Terror .
‘ F R E C I N E ( Augustin- Lucie de)
Regicide ; Sec retary of the Convention . It was he who reported
. 28 17 9 3 t wQ and passed, Sept , , a measure to make and issue thousand millio n in Assignats from 400 livres ( francs ) value down 1 a to 0 e ch . They were put into circulation only by order of the
. a Convention , Assignats were first issued pursuant to decree 7 17 90 of the National Assembly upon the report of April , , but 21 this sort of paper money had been proposed as early as Nov . ,
1 789 .
. . S . c 1 6 1 794. A L , Paris, Mar h , P
- - DELMAS ( Jean Francois Bertran d ) .
Soldier and legislator . Elected to the Legislative Assembly
. 6 1 79 1 . 25 17 92. Sept , ; chosen Secretary Jan , On his motion,
1 6 . July , the National Gendarmerie was created Conventionnel ;
. 5 1 79 3 regicide Elected President of the C onvention April , , and
two days after , while still President, he was named on the
Committee of Public Safety . One of the most tumultuous sessions 1 1 1 7 9 3 occurred during his Presidency, April , , when Marat and
. T h u r io t the Girondins violently quarrelled was in the chair,
but could n o t quell the tumult . It was then that Delmas r e
sumed the . chair and the disturbance ceased . 1 1 . . S . . 179 7 . A L , Paris, Sept ,
34 .
GO I L E ME - e e - R AN ( Marie Th r se Charlotte, P rincesse oyale ) .Duch esse Ii Called Madame Ro yale ; the o nly member of the fami ly t o sur
a e De c . 25 17 95 a vive the scenes in the Temple ; exch ng d , , near B le, r e for ce tain French citiz ns, prisoners in Austria .
. . . r z 12 1840 A L S Go it , Oct. , .
P . I .
’ L ME o - Du ANGOU E ( L uis Antoine ) e d . o f o Son _ Charles X and husband of Madame R yale ; became the ’ Dauphin of France on his father s accession to the thro ne , being ’ ' h c h ld1 e n Du e d rr t h e child_less , his brot er s i ( e Be y ) became heirs
of the house . A ' . . . 6 1826 D S Paris , Jan . , .
TOURZEL, Madame . Holo graph manuscript of Madame Tou rzel, inscribed from the Journal kept by the Princes s e Ro yale while in the Temple — CH A UME TTE P1 erre Gaspard i Gu llotined at Paris, April Wrote fo r R ev o lu t io n s de P ar is 17 90 in ; member of the insurrection Commune of Aug. 10, 1792 Dec 5 o f that year he was made Proc ureur General ; h e did much fo r the hygienic and educ ational care of the city ; leading f t e o h Oc t . 4 1 3 examiner Royal children at the Temple, , 79 , in the t case agains Marie Antoinette .
. s u 1 93. L Pari , J ne 7 , 7
‘ ' Valet de C h am b re t o the Dauphin ; esc aped from the Tuileries
“
. 10 17 92 i f o Aug , , by leap ng rom a wind w, but on the followi ng day t h e n joined King at the Feuilla ts, whither the Ro yal family had ’ o o n . 1 3 h e g ne that eventful day ; on Aug , at seven o clock in t i e e ve n m t h o mi . ng, he entered the Te ple wi h t R yal fa ly
A . I . S . . . , Paris, Oct
t h e . e rve Valet de Chambre to Dauphin, until, in the T mple, he se d ' he was e the King in that capacity; with the King until - the latt r ‘ ' ' left for t h e g u il l o t in e ; on his m onument o n e reads : C i - gi t le fide le ’ l r C e y . f “ s ec o . A . D R eipt r articles u ed by the King in the Temple
MERCIER ( L a femme ) Holograph rec eipt for boo ks furnished Louis XV I at the Temple
‘
o n er t he e . the order of Cl y, Val t de Chambre
2 1 2. . . o 0 9 . S v . 7 N , A D , Paris , ",
o . m n e Bo ks used in the Te ple by the Ki g, Louis XVI , in t aching
geography an d history t o t h e Dauphin . These books were given ’ o e — s d A n o u lem e by the , Princesse R yal the Duches e g to Madame ' Chan t e ren n e s e de , from who e descendants they came into the pres nt c ollection .
A T E DE S C E o - a o G U HI R, OR I RES ( Ant ine Fr nc is ) Deputy from the Third Estate to the E tats Généraux ; member e e m of the Conv ntion , regicide ; memb r of the Co mittee of Public t o Surety . This very remarkable document , certifying the zeal o t he and probity of G min, guard in the Temple over Royal
r a . o children , is wo thy of speci l study It marks the transiti n period
o a . in the Revoluti n . The word Fraternity has disappe red On the
' o one side , war is declared against the partisans of the Terr r, on
h e t h e E m i r és o . t other , against g and R yalty
' 2 1 D . S . , Oc t . 2 , 795 . 35
o o n . LOUIS XVI , D cument o r t o t he Rep t as the health of King while in the Temple . “ — N o v 18 1 2 e . . S . . 9 D , Le Temple, , 7 signed by Roch WILLIAMS ( E -leazer ) Believed by many t o have been Louis XVII ; first attracted atten
t N . Y . 1 95 . ion in Albany, . , in 7 , where he appeared with three c u man an d o Fren h ref gees, a a w man and a little girl, all sh e e o r him marked rev rence ; th woman called herself de Jardin, o u r dain t o a o J , and claimed h ve been empl yed once in the Royal household of France ; the lad was then taken t o the Indians near
o was a. Lake Ge rge, where he grew to manhood ; he adopted by half -bree d Indian called Tho mas Williams ; while still wit h the o f a Indians t wo Frenchmen, distinguished be ring, visited him, doing him great ho nour ; an Alban y banker had from France regular t a remit ances of money which were paid over to the Indi n, Williams ; the lad became a missio nary and was o f serv ice to the Go vernment 12 o f t o in the War of 18 . The personal resemblance Williams the b members of the Royal family is remarka le .
I e n x . 182 . . S . o 5 6 . A L , , Jan ,
P .
- RICH EMONT ( Cl aude P e r re in ) Baron de . On e o f the pret enders t o t h e title o f Louis XVII ; he lived fo r a time at Rouen un der th e name o f Lo uis H e fe rt ; in 1833 he clai med o f F an d t h e e the throne rance, pres nt autograph manuscript is his a defense ; also, a procl mation of his claims , dated from the Luxem as Du e bourg and signed by him the de Normandy, the first title
o f the Dauphin . 1 S . 833. A . D . , LE VAS SE UR ( Antoine - Lo uis De La Meurt he ) t i h is o C onven onnel and regicide ; it was on moti n, amending ’ i r t o r a C o o n a 9 Carr e s ini iat y proposition, th t the nvention M rch , 1 93 o f i n 7 , decree the establishment a Revolut onary Tribu al from n o which there should be appeal . 2 1 4 S . r . 9 9 . D . , Pa is, Nov , 7 V OU L L A N D ( Jcan - Henri ) t o E x Deputy tats Générau ; Conventionnel and regicide ; o n Sept . 14 1 93 was r , 7 , he placed on the Committee of Gene al Surety, and t wo weeks later he reported the complete organization of that d r was who n drea ful machine, the Revolutiona y Tribunal ; it he, o 9t h t he m ido r mm - i - e the , proposed Barras for Co ander n C hief o f t h a o National Gu rd, and at the same session he pr posed the decree o i o f arrest aga nst R bespierre and his followers .
. S . D , see
RE VOLUTIONARY TRIBUNAL . Order signed by Fouquier- Tinville as Public Accuser for the r o o f th e transfer of ce tain pris ners , named herein, from the prison
‘ e t o s Concierg rie the pri on of Egalité in the Rue Jacques . On this was r list is Beausire, a spy of the Tribunal, who included in o der t m t o u o o acquire infor ation, and who sent the g ill tine the o t hers
named herein .
i 4 1 94 . . S . 7 D , Paris, Apr l ,
MONTANE Jac qu e s - Bernard- Marie First President o f Revolutionary Tribunal ; presided at the t rial
of Ch arlotte Corday .
10 1 93. D . S . , Paris , May , 7
HERM A N ( Martial - Joseph- Armand )
7 17 95 . e o f Guillotined at Paris , May , Associat Robespierre ; Ju dge o f the Tribunal at Arras he was brought t o Paris by Robespierre and made President o f the Revo lutionary T ribun al ; 36
r t h e o f he p esided over and guided trials Marie An toinett e, the H e be rt is t e s Girondins , the and the Dantonists ; he was tried and “ 6 1 95 fo r i condemned May , 7 , hav ng caused to perish un der the false form o f judgment an in n u m e r able m u l tit u de o f the French r people of eve y age and sex .
. . S . 1 1 1 84 A L , Arras, July , 7 .
P . I .
MATHIEU- MI R A MP A L Jean - Baptiste - Charles o o First President ( sec nd section ) of the Rev lutionary Tribunal .
. S . S . 26 1 94 . D , ept , 7
M ne - a DU AS ( Re Fr ncois ) .
r 28 17 94. t Guillotined at Pa is , July , The triumvira e, Robe ’ s ie r re . C o u t h o n p , St Just and , after Danton s death, cont rolled absolutely the Committee o f Public Safety ; t o control the Revo l u t io n ary Tribunal Robespier re put Dumas in the position o f President ; o n the 9t h thermido r he was arrested in his place o n o f u the bench the Trib nal . 12 1 . S . . 93. L , Paris, Oct , 7 I
REAL ( Pierre Francois ) . First Public Accuser o f the Revolutionary Tribunal ; one of the witnesses against B r is s o t ; imprisone d in the Luxembourg until ’ r after Robespie re s fall .
. . o o f N ew . 24 182 . S h A L , To P ilip H ne York Havre, May , 7
FAURE ( Balthazar ) . c Conventionnel and regi ide ; named Public Accuser, but declined
t o serve .
18 1 98 . . S . r 7 A . L , Pa is, March , FOUQUIER- TIN VILLE ( Antoine - Quentin ) f e r 2 1 95 . o Guillotined at Pa is , May , 7 Public Accuser the R vo l u t io n ary Tribunal throughout the Reign o f Terror ; the sessions '
- were held in t he Palais de Justice in the Salle de Lo uis grand . r i i l It is kn own to day as the P r e m ier e C ham b e C v e . Here were
t h a n . tried Marie Antoinette , e Girondins and Mad me Rola d Char ’ l i lotte Corday was tried in the S alle de l E ga t é . “
31 1 80. S . 7 A . L . , Paris, May ,
P . I .
- FOUQUI ER TINVILLE . In this present letter Fouquier speaks o f the multiplicity of
“ ” affairs and my occ u pation at the trials
S . 3 17 94. L . , Paris , March , LESC OT- FLEUR IOT Jean - Baptiste- Edmo nd
‘
28 1794. e Guillotined at Paris , July , Elect d substitute Public
n . 1 17 93 Accuser to the Revolutionary Tribu al ; conducted, Nov , , 10 1 94 the trial o f Madame Roland ; elected Mayor of Paris May , 7 ; identified himself with Robespierre and seconded him in all his bi efforts in the C ommune and in the Jac o n C lub . ' 4 L S . 24 17 9 . A . . , Paris , July , DOB SE N T ( Claude - Emmanuel ) Alternate Deputy from the Third Estate to the Etats Généraux ; o 2 1 3 e o f n Dec . 8 , 7 9 , he was elect d by the Convention as Judge the
Revolutionary Tribunal , and presided over many important trials .
. S . . 9 1 794. A . L , Aug , S OU B E R B I E L L E Jacqu es )
o n . 28 17 93 Surgeon and Revolutionist ; Sept , , he was made a n an d member o f the jury of the Revolutionary Tribu al, as such t condemned Marie Antoinette o death .
25 18 34. S . . A . L . , Paris, Nov , 37
’ T L L - A N ON E E ( Pierre An toine) Marquis d . 1 ; . 28 , 7 93, was Deputy to the, Legislative Assembly on Sept he u a placed at the head of the jury in the Revolutionary Trib n l, and an d ; as such he voted for the death of ‘ the Queen the Girondins in t he case o f the latter it was he wh o precluded an adequate defense by declaring that the jury were alre ady suffic iently e n
lightened . ’
4 1 5 . o a t o . D . S . . 9 n A , Dec , 7 Repeats R usse u s famous ext lit E qu a y .
‘ M F B R - - LEROY DE ON T L O E T ( Antoine Nicolas Louis ) Marquis .
o Ma 7 17 95 . f r Guill tined at Paris, y , Famous for his ef o ts in 10 1 92 promoting the insurrection of Aug . , 7 from this he took the - o u o wn e i n o t family name of Dix A t that his name, L roy, m ght be S 28 1 93 e o f n o n . 7 again know ; _ ept , , he became a memb r the jury o f the Revolutionary Tribunal that condemn ed the Queen an d the a Girondins to de th .
. 12 1 91 . D . S , Jan . , 7
LE BOIS ( Michel - Joseph ) Public Acc user before the Criminal Tribunal during the Re vo
l u t io n . 2 5 1 94 . . S . . A . L , Paris , Aug , 7
PAR I S ( Fabricius ) . Notary to the Revolutionary Tribunal ; at the t rial o f Fo uquier Tinville it was he wh o revealed so much of the working o f the e machine known as the Revolutionary Tribunal . T h present piece o n 2 1 94 is the original order of execution June 7 7 , of Claude - o o l o f Guillaume Lambert, the ex C mptr l er the Finances under
21 . Louis XVI . He was guillotined with others that same day t h e s s ad r . 1 S 9 m o 94 . D . , ( June 7
BOUDIN Jac qu e s - Antoine ) c was wh o o n 1 95 Conventionnel and regi ide ; it he , May 7 , 7 , de c l ar e d t o l t i i the time had come suppress the Tribunal R e v o u o n a r e .
1 . . S . . 6 95 A . L , Feb , 7
DU MOU R I E Z ( Charles - Francois ) Famous General and Minister ; the Girondins named him Minis ter o f 1 1 92 o f Foreign Relations, March 7 7 appointed Commander the
e an s N o v . 9 Armies of the North ; defeat d the Austri at Jemmapes , 1 792 called by his enemies among the Jacobins Caesar Du m o u r ie z ; he openly declared his object was to restore the Constitutio n of 17 91 o a o n ; he c nceived the idea of marching on P ris, and March
“
30 17 93 s . C o , , he actually came acros the frontiers The onventi n B e u r n o n v ill e an d t h e R e re sent against him , Minister of War, p s e n t at iv e s u in e t t e o t o Camus, Lamarque, Bancal and Q , with rders Du m o u r ie z bring him as a t raitor to the C onvention . arrested the r wh o epresentatives, except Camus , was absent, and gave them as
prisoners to the Austrians . This ended his career and he fled fro m
France . 2 1 1 . . S . 7 9 A . D , Paris, May ,
P . I . MI A ZI N KI C S ( Joseph ) . 2 1 2 7 93. Guillotined at Paris , May , Soldier and subordinate o fli c e r t o Du m o u r ie z s , in whose defection he hared ; he was arrested , t ried and condemned ; the charge was having obeyed an order o f D u m o u rie z an r , h ded him by Devaux, to retu n from the walls of I t Lille with his men . is said that when the executioner t o s lifted the severed head to show it the people the eyes , clo ed till t o then, opened wide and seemed survey the multitude .
. S . a 18 17 92 D u m o u rie z . A L . , P ris , March , , to 38
B E U R N ON V L L E I ( Pierre de Riel ) . Ge M n is t e r o f M 13 neral and ; elected Minister War on arch , 1793 31 1 793 D u 1fio u rie z rm ed e ; on March , , info him of the int r ference o f the Co mm issioners fro m the C onvention in arresting ’ d H arvill e was , who about t o exe cute an important moveme nt ; the a t o Du m o u rie z same day, when he ttempted arrest , the latter put in arrest both him and t h e Representatives o f t h e C onventio n at n s o 12 a place near Peron e ; he was impri ned at Olmutz u ntil Nov . ,
17 95 . 1 . 19 9 . . S . 7 A L , Jan , 7 .
P . I .
' N E TT E o a— - QU I ( Nic l s Marie ) Baron de R o ch e m o n t . Conventionn el and regic ide ; s e nt by the C onvention with B e u rn o n
t o D u m o u r ie z . n e ville arrest , whe the latter arrest ed him and gav
t r n s . was c o a . 25 1 95 him the Aust ia He ex hanged, near B le, Dec , 7
for the daughter o f Louis XVI . 1 . . S . . 8 180 . A L , Dec ,
~ LAMARQUE ( F rancois ) . C onve ntionnel an d regicide ; he was s ent as Co mmissioner t o Du m o u rie z s s arrest , and was him elf arre ted March and o at n a 1 95 impris ned Spielburg u til he was exch nged in 7 . 1 2 12 S . . 2 9 . 3 . D . , Jan 7 , 7 See H ARV I LLE ( Lo uis - Auguste - Juvenal des U r s in s d z Soldie r u n der D u m o u r ie ; he . had an important part in the ’ o f e m m a e s e Du m o u r ie z s battle J p , and , was himself suspected aft r flight ; tried befo re the Revol utionary Tribunal at Paris ; acquitt ed
a . a t his trial "Under item Mont ne ( Revolutionary Tribunal ) , is
he o r i in al o r de r fo r Co . t . g his confinement in the nciergerie ] _
i 5 1 95 . A . L . S . , Par s , March , 7
’ - MAR AT ( Jean Paul ) l A m i du Peuple .
s 1 3 1 93. o f Assas inated at Paris, July , 7 The family, Spanish
' e ‘ a a e an origin, sp lled the name M ra ; the fin l letter was added by J Paul himself ; fo llower o f Rousseau ; physician to the Body- Guard ’ of the Count d A rt o is ; author of many po litical tracts between 12 1 89 L e P u bli cis t e 1 1 8 9 . 775 and 7 ; Sept , 7 he began to publish ’ P ar i s ien c L A m i du P e u le , whi h, after six numbers , became p ; Conventionnel and regic ide ; deno unced the Giron dins by pen and from the Tribune ; victim of skin disease ; he was in his evening bath ’ 13 1 93 t ad at seven o clock July , 7 , when Charlot e Corday obtained mission and stabbed him t o death ; his house was 20 rue de Co r ’ de l ie r s ru e —l D a n o , near the de Paon, now ike nto s h use h o demolished for the Boule vard St . Germain . The greatest on urs h i o r an d is was were bestowed on s mem y, h heart preserved in the
Chu1ch o f the Cordeliers , awaiting the almost divine honours at the
. 21 17 94 . Pantheon, Sept ,
1 4 17 92. S . . A . D . , Paris , Sept ,
JULIEN DE TOULOUSE ( Jean ) . Protestant Minister at Toulouse when the Revolutio n began ;
ie c e o f e . Convention nel and regic ide . The present p is great int rest
l 13 1 93. T he Jean Paul Marat was assassinated on Ju y , 7 Com m it t e e of General Surety o n July 23 of the same m o nth ordered o f h ad that the papers Marat, which been under seal, should be o t o E v r ar d brought to it, and that th se relating la Citoyenne , the . a o wo man with whom Mar t had his home, sh uld be given back to F l aw o n ff c o f s her . rench , then as now, placed seals the e e ts tho e m s dyin by violence, but we read from this docu ent a special de ire g ’ o n the par t of some individuals to get p o ssessio n of Ma1 at s papers . d de c l ai e d a Ma a had s a The Englishman, T homas War , th t r t id to 39
r T h e r e ar e 300 bri a/n ds in t h e C n ve n t i n him before his mu der g _ o o ,
t he ir he ads s hall o . es h s fly ff Marat had enemi on t i Committ ee .
. S . 23 17 93 D , July , , as member of the above Committee . S igned a L ai n e l o t h lso by g , C abot and Drouet . B MMIE t O ( Gilber ) . Original minutes in his hand concerning the ho nours o f the an c d P theon de ree by the Convention, and the pro positio n t o ins t all e r o f a L e e l et ie r ther the pictu es Mar t and p painted by David . The M was bust of arat placed in every public place, and in the C o n
v e n t io n . T h t o Hall itself ere was an end . the popularity of this
C o n . 31 1 Republican hieftain and, Jan , 795 , his bu sts were t aken o t h e o th fr m theatres and temples and thr wn into e sewers .
C ORDAY DA R MAN S ( Marie Anne Charlotte ) . t Guillo ined at Paris, July Living in the Calvados distr ict ( at Caen ) she bec ame inflamed with the public utt e r an c e s o f wh o 31 the Girondins fled there after the events of May , 1 93 r t h e s e o f t o a Marat 7 She fo med purpo going P ris and killing , ’ h o w om she regarded as the cause o f her c untry s troubles . Reac h r 1 1 17 93 d a ing Pa is, July , , she sought, the following y , a deputy, e re i' B arbar u x Du r t t o o l e t te o . l 13 p , wh m she had a from Ju y , 1 93 a s h e a n an d n 7 , in the P lais Royal, bought a l rge k ife, at se ve ’ o cloc k in the evening she went to the house of Marat and as s as s i at n ed him . ’ L bb e . . S . A a 28 A L , y de la Trinité, June ,
I . P .
a - te - n re AMAR ( Je n Baptis A d ) . Conventionnel regicide ; one o f the most bitter adversaries o f the Giro ndins and the author o f the decree against t ho s e who had
. t i h e o f he fled The present documen s t original order arrest, by t o f Du e r re t t he Committee Public Safety, of p , charged with being
accomplice of Charlott e Corday.
. 14 1 93. D . S , July , 7 DOU L CE-T DE PONT ECOULANT ( Louis - Gustave ) t a th ’ Conventionnel and Girondin, but vo ed ag inst e King s death ; a a e c t h opposed t o the Commune of Paris . Ch rlotte Cord y sel ed er e - he r bu t r t he t f llow townsman to defend , he efused, and in l as lett er she ever wrote while the e xec utio ner was awaiting h e r
she address ed Doucet de Po ntecoulant and declared him a coward . 3 1 93 u t s ; He was proscribed Oct . , 7 , b e caped
. S . ri . 1 1790. A L . , Pa s, Jan ,
CH AUV EAU - L A GARD E ( Claude - Francois ) Distingu ished advocate ; defended both Charlotte Corday and '
Marie Antoinette .
S . . 29 1824 . A . L . , Paris, Oct ,
The Public Instruction Committee o f the Convention was c harge d
with the work o f presenting an entirely n ew calendar . Accord
i l o n o f . 19 1793 . o f t he Co m n g y the evening S ept , G Romme,
his o r . t h e m it t e e , made rep t The vulgar era was abolished and
22. year began with the autumnal equinox Sept . Each year was mo divided into 12 mo nths of 30 days each, and each nth int o three
w 10 . i o f eeks of days each , or decadi This left, between the end ng,
o f t . the year and the falling the nex equinox, five days and over ar o r There were t hen added five days , called Complement y, Sans C o u l o t t ide s , with a sixth at the end of every third year, as the t o ar o l d month February was accustomed accommodate leap ye . ’ d E l an t in e o en Fabre g , the poet, contributed the really beautiful n m h e o n o t o c l at u re of the months . T Conventi declined, h wever, 40
accept his further suggestion that the names of the da ys should be l t designated, one decadi by p ants , another by vege ables, and the
t . was hird by animals After the fall of Robespierre an attempt _ o l d i n fi u s e made to return to the calendar, but it remained of cial 1 806 . u ntil the Year XIV of the Republic, or of the old era In
many parts of France it was really never observed .
YEAR ONE .
23 "Years IV and VIII began on Sept . ]
l i : 22 1 2 1 Ge rm in al Marc h 21 1 1 en de m a r e 9 . 93: V , Sept , 7 , , 7
' F l o r éal A r il 20 1 3 1 . 22 1792. 1 7 9 . Brumaire, Oct , , p , 2 1 F N o v . 21 1 92. l 0 793. l rimaire , , 7 Prairial, May ,
M s id r . u n 1 9 J e 1 9 3. 1 D e c . 21 1 92. 1 e s o 7 Nivose, , 7 , ,
Jan . 20 1 93 1 m 1 1 93. 1 7 . 9 7 Pluviose , , Ther idor, July ,
1 19 1 93 1 . 18 17 93. Ventose, Feb . , 7 . Fructidor, Aug ,
S t . 1 t o 21 17 93. Complementary days, or ansculo tides, Sept 7 , K LA ANAL ( Joseph ) . o e c o n 31 1 93 C nv ntionnel and regi ide ; May , 7 , he proposed that Communes having names sugges tive o f the old regime should be
- changed as, for instance , the City of Mont Louis should become - 2 1 3 o . 9 Mont Libre, and to t his the C nvention agreed On July 7 , 7 , r ri a he repo ted in favor of the Chappe system of ae l telegraphy, hav ing teste d a line of signals from Menil - Mo ntant to Saint - Martin - de r f a o in Te tre, eight and a hal leagues, a mess ge being transp rted
s . . 20 1 94 eleven minute and returned in eight minutes On Aug , 7 , he proposed a jury to pass up o n the best plan for markin g time in — a the new decimal divisions day havin2g3 ten hours , each hour
n i o . a hu dred minutes , each m nute a hundred sec nds
. S . . 30 1841 A . L , Aug , . DANTON ( Ge orges Jac qu e s ) This piece is a letter written by Danto n t o Marie An toinette at l D u the Conciergerie . It came into the present col ection from a cal o D u o s o f h use in France, the first ke receiving it fr m the hand 1 1 o it — t Louis XVIII m 8 6 . L uis XVIII received his police aking o c — o o n C C o n it by f r e fr m B nave ture ourtois , member of the v en t io n wh o l o t h r 11 , was appointed on the the midor, Year ( July 28 f a , to inventory and seal the ef ects of M ximilien Robe e o di pierre . C urtois found ten items o f such extraor nary int erest o ni that he retained them himself as s uve rs, intending, as he says , r to restore them to the Royal family if an opportunity ever occu red . These ten items are as follo ws A n o An a. unsigned letter fr m Marie toinette ( the Queen seldom o n signed her personal letters ) to Madame Elizabeth, written early
t h o r . 16 17 r e e m ning of her execution ( Oct , and which is
garded as her last will and test ament . The letter has the same o certifying sign atures as o u r present piece. It is t day preserved
in the National Archives at the Hotel Soubise .
b . A short not e addressed t o the Princesse Royale . It also is
countersigned by the five Co mmissioners . o f c . A letter addressed t o the Pre sident the Convention as king
a delay of three days . This letter was signed by the Queen, and n L e c o in t re likewise is countersig ed by the Commissioners Fouquier, , M r Gu ff o . assieu, y and Legot
‘ d - Mar t i . o f A n t o in e n Letter a young lawy er, Marc , asking per t o mission defend the Queen .
e . A letter addressed to Fouquier threatening and in bad style .
42
LEGOT ( Alexandre) . Advocate and legis lator ; conventionnel ; voted for the 1mpri s o nm e n t o f h i the King and not s death, thereby enrolling himself a - o wh o t t he mong his sixteen fellow members from Calvad s , ook ’ V n o t iew that, guilty or guilty, the King s execution would be a
political mistake . Only four of the Calvados delegation voted for
o . was o n death without c ndition Legot appointed, May
to go on the mi ssio n to the Army of the North . Elected to the ’ Council of 5 00 and opposed the coup d E t at of Nov .
S ee No 280.
D . S .
GU F F R OY ( Ar mand Benoit Joseph ) . fl' Conventionnel and regicide . Gu r o y becomes o f importance ' c n 280 A n t o in in o sidering ( No . ) the letter of Danton to Marie — e . . 24 17 94 r t o t he tte at the . Conciergerie On Aug , . , he eported Convention that there had been fo und at the house of Robespie rre ' fir many gifts presented t o him . Without doubt Gu o y acted with
L e c o in t r e e C o f a . , L got and Massieu in ertifying to this letter D nton
D . S
COURTOIS Edmonde - B o n aventure ) n 01 t Conventionnel a d regicide . He played a most imp tan part ’ on t he 9t h thermi dor when he was directed to go to Robespierre s
u r an d a . wa ho se , invento y se l his papers It s on this occasion a o 280 whic h th t he found our piece N , I he secretly retained for h d a 18 1 himself, and which he a taken from him in Janu ry, 6, by
u . 1 5 17 95 the police of Lo is XVIII On Jan , Courtois report ed to the Convention th e papers fou nd by him “ omitting the ten 'b h im e o u r . 2 pieces privately retain d y , one of which is No 80. o f t o as Courtois served in the Council Ancients , which he w 1 m . 8 . 9 1 99 elected Oct On the Bru aire ( Nov , 7 ) he ’ a E ided Bonaparte in his co up d t at .
A . L . S . 2 6 MA — 8 . NUEL ( Louis Pierre )
il lo t in ed . 1 7 1793. e q at Paris , Nov , , Conventionnel and r gi ’ ifie . T e s t d a cide , reluctantly, at the Queen s tri l that he heard s t o the R oyal order tran mitted fire on the people at the Tuileries,
Aug .
- PACHE ( Jean Nicolas ) . l e was E ect d Mayor of Paris by an overwhelming majority . It he who separated Marie Antoinette and her son by order o f t h e o e i C nv ntion . Jo ned with Hebert in presenting the infamous t n f declara ion against Marie Antoinette . I the trial o the Giron dins he was the first and leading witness and gave the key to
the . spirit of the prosecution .
. S . 24 1 79 3} L , Paris, Jan . ,
P .
DUPORT DUTERTRE ( Marguerit e Louis Francois ) .
- 28 1 793. c . Guillotined at Paris , Nov. , Advo ate and legislator Early in t h e Revolution he was made substitute Procureur Syndic ‘ s of the Paris Commune , and while Bailly was Mayor he erved
. N o v . 21 17 90 him as Lieutenant On , , at the suggestion of
ni o f . e Lafayette, he was appointed Mi ster Justice This offic , in m an a t o which he ged .make for himself many enemies, he reliu
' i he d O 7 92 u s 1 792. A r il l 1 q in March, On p , , on Robespierre leaving was .the office, he made Public Accuser of the Criminal Tribunal
s . h t at Pari He was accused, with Barnave, of aving main ained 43
o e an d x u t an alliance with Royalty . They were c nd mned e ec ed
- the s ame day . As Dupont Dutertre mounted the scaffold he e i i t e exclaimed : R v olu t on s k l l m e n ; pos t e ri y ju dg s t hem .
A . L . S .
P .
MA R I B N M IN TA T o O DE O U ( L uis ) . and Conventionnel and regicide . He Opposed the Girondins, was it on his motion that _ the accused were arrested and put
N o v . 5 1 93 t hat the into prison . It was he who decreed on , 7 bust of Marat should be placed on the n e w decimal pedestal I n presented . t was on this bust Armonville afterwards hu g
o . 5 1 95 e n o n the bonnet r uge On April , 7 L gendre de u ced him r e a as a chief of the Jacobins , and decla d that the Society was gain 21 1 795 raising its head . He was arrested May , , but the amnesty was e released him . In the Restoration he xpatriated as a
regicide . 22 1 792 o f o f L . S . Paris, Dec . , , as a member the Committee
General Surety .
- B R I S SOT DE W A R V I L L E ( Jean Pierre ) .
Conventionnel ; voted for the death of the King, but with
. B ris s o t suspension of execution This vote earned for , from the i o R al s t . 2 1 79 3 M untain party, the title of oy Proscribed June , , 1 1 an d and escaped, but was arrested at Moulins , June , tried with
Oc t . 29 1 93 e t wo 7 . twenty others , , and guillotin d days later
22 1 9 . . . S . 78 A L , Paris, May ,
P . I .
V E R GN I A U D ( Pierre- Victurnien )
Gu ll o t l n e d . 31 1 7 9 3. o f i at Paris, Oct , The great orator the
o . Ge n s o n n é Girondins C nventionnel With and Gaudet, he was accused of writing to the King that ’ h e would be spared if he
e as . would rename Roland, Clavi re and Servan Ministers His
eloquence often prevailed over the judgment o f the Convention .
as t he . 30 1 7 91 . . He w President of National Assembly Oct , Jan 10 1 93 was o f , 7 , he elected President the Convention, and it was his duty formally to pronounce the sentence o f death against the m e r n ia . King . V g u d lived at No 7 Place Vendo e .
S . N o v . 9 1 7 9 1 . D . , ,
GE N SON N E ( Armand) .
31 1 7 9 . . 3 Guillotined at Paris , Oct , Conventionnel and regi
cide ; famous Girondin . Besides being suspected of intriguing ’ o f with the King s party, he was accused correspondence with
‘ ie z . . 3 17 93 Du m o u r . On Oct , , he was accused by Amar
1 1 7 9 . S . 0 3 A . D . , March ,
P .
- LAUZE DE PERRET ( Claude Romain ) .
- . 31 1 7 9 3. n Guillotined at Paris, Oct , Mayor of Saint Etien e ;
. 4 17 9 1 Deputy to the Legislative Assembly, Sept , . Conventionnel ; ’ V a oted for the King s imprisonment until Pe ce, and then his
. o o f 1 exile Violent in disp sition, at the session April 1 , 17 93, L e t i he drew his sword on his colleagues of the f . He acted w th
the Girondins .
92. . S . . 12 1 7 A . L , Paris, Nov ,
I .
- CARRA ( Jean Louis) .
. 31 1 79 3. E e Guillotined at Paris , Oct , mploy d in the Biblio e a th que N tionale prior to and during the Revolution ; he became , 1 7 89 o f Mer c u r e N at i n al in , editor the o , and shortly after worked 44
with Mercier on the j ournal A n n al e s P at r iot iqu e s . One of the
s e . 1 0 1 7 92. d o f chiefs in the in urr ction of Aug , He was accuse
u o n e . o f trying to put the D ke of York ( of England ) the, thron o France ; Conventi nnel ; regicide . Friend of Roland, he became a
strong Girondin, and was involved in intrigues with the national ie z i D u m o u r . enemy , Brunsw ck, and the traitor, Named by Amar
- 46 . 3 1 7 93. among the accused Deputies , Oct ,
. 7 9 1 D . S . . 1 5 1 . , Feb ,
GARDIEN Jc an - Francois - Martin i 31 17 9 3. . e Guillotined at Paris, Oct . , Conventionnel Vot d n ' 21 t h e t r ia o f . l the King for imprisonment He became, May , 1 7 93 t he C m m is s i n de s D u z e was , a member of famous o o o , which “ e t o o f form d , to discover plots and examine the decrees the 2 7 2 o f . . 3 1 9 municipality Paris On Nov , , he reported that in — the iro n receptacle in the Tu ileries discovered by Roland e r o i was a letter from the King to Bouill , app oving the massacre e at Nancy . He was decreed under arr st with the other Girondins, the principal count against him being his service - o n the Com
mission des Douze . 2 t h . 2 N o . 2 179 e S . v D , Paris , , , as member of Committee des
Do uze .
DU F R -ICHE - V A L A ZE ( Charles - Eleanor ) e n . 30 1 7 93. . Committed suicide at Paris , Oct , Conv ntion el On
. 1 1 17 92 Dec , , he reported the questions to be propounded to the
King at his trial . Voted for the death of the King with reprieve. a Tried by the Revolution ry Tribunal and condemned . Shortly ’
b 1 1 o f . 30 1 7 9 3 h efore o clock on the night Oct , , he killed imself o with a poignard . The Tribunal decreed that his c rpse should be carried in a cart t o be interred with t he other condemned a e i Girondins . In the pictures of the L s t S u pp e r and the P r oc s s o n
his body lies o n a bier .
3 1 7 93. . . S . . A D , Jan ,
P . I .
29 7 . DUPRAT ( Jean ) .
31 1 9 3. . 7 Guillotined at Paris , Oct , Conventionnel and regi d cide . Declare himself for the Girondins and denounced the t ’ ‘ ‘ Mo wn axin . H s ang the Marseillaise as the charrettes ( gu ill o ' o ff tine carts ) passed thr ugh the streets to the sca old .
. 1 4 1 92. S . . 7 L , Paris, Nov ,
S - ILLERY ( Charles Alexis B ru l art de Genlis ) .
t r . 31 1 7 a 9 3. Guillotined Pa is , Oct , Deputy from the Nobility to the Etats Généraux ; joined the Assembly ; was elected Secre
1 4 . . 1 d D c r s t 7 9 1 . e tary Feb , Married to the aughter of u de
Saint Aubin, he was known as the Comte de Genlis , but when s he inherited the rich champagne vineyard of Sillery, he assumed — the title of Marquis de Sillery t h e brand of Sillery Champag ne h i s s . comes from estate Conventionnel , he became identified with
- . o n e the Girondins Of the twenty condemned men, he was the
— - fift a e rs t o m n affo oldest y six years of g , and the fi t ou t the sc ld . 1 2 . . S . 3 7 9 . A L , Paris, April ,
P .
A bb e . 9 9 . FAUCHET ( Claude )
31 1 7 93. Guillotined at Paris, Oct . , Entered the church and
K . became Preacher to the ing At the beginning of the Revolution,
he accepted and followed the new ideas . At the taking of t he
Bastille he led the as sau lt with his sword . On the discovery of “ o the ancient vaults and s me bones, he declared it the Day o f 45
Revelation . Acted with the Girondins . Suspected of complicity
with Charlotte Corday . Before their execution he confessed and
absolved S illery and some of the others .
1 4 1 7 9 3. S . A . L . , June ,
P .
- DUCOS ( Jean Francois ) .
a t a . 31 1 7 93. . Guillotined P ris, Oct , Conventionn—el and regicide ‘ Ma 30 17 9 3 Made Secretary of the Convention y , the very day
the tumult began between the Girondins and the Mountain . He o n became a s upporter of V e rgn iau d and his party. Tried and c — de m n ed he was guillotined with the twenty others . In the pictures of the L as t S u pp e r o f t he Gir on din s and o f the scenes ff is r - in- l aw at the sca o ld, he is represented as embracing h b other ,
Fonfrede . 2 7 9 . . S . . 28 1 D , Paris, Aug ,
BOYER - FONFREDE Jean - Baptiste) 7 9 3 s . 31 1 . Guillotined at Pari , Oct , Conventionnel and regi o f cide . Active in the party the Girondins and against the t ai Mo u n n . He caused Marat to be tried before the Revolutionary
23 1 79 3 . was Tribunal, April , , but the latter was acquitted He o f c o accused instigating the insurre tion at B rdeaux, and was - in - l aw condemned with his brother , Ducos , and the other Giron o n e s dins . He was of the two youngest member of the immortal
- twenty one .
D . S
L A SOU R C E - ( Marie David , Alba )
1 1 . - . 3 79 3 . 31 17 9 1 he Guillotined at Paris , Oct , On Aug , , Was t o 1 7 92 C o n ve n elected the Legislative Assembly, and in to the
- . . 1 6 1 792 was tion On his motion, Jan , , Louis Stanislas Xavier o f o n debarred from the right regency . It was also his motion
21 17 92. o f that Lafayette was accused, July , Regicide ; member
the Committee of General Safety . Opposed to Robespierre, and
was credited with sympathy with t h e Girondins .
. S . . 28 1 793. L , Paris, Jan ,
P . I . L E ST E R P T - BEAUVAIS ( Benoit)
31 1 793. Guillotined at Paris , Oct . , Deputy from the Third
n . Estate to the Etats Généraux . Co ventionnel Voted for t h e t h e “ death of King, but on the condition that sentence be suspended
. until such time as the enemies of France, excited by , the King,
t n should enter French erritory . His moderatio made him o h M u n t ain noxious to the o , and gradually he acted with t h e
Girondins .
1 7 . . . S . . 8 93 A L , Paris Sept ,
P . L E C A ZE ( Jacques) .
. 31 17 93. Guillotined at Paris , Oct , Conventionnel . He voted o f o f for the imprisonment the King instead death . Marat 22 1 7 9 3 h ad demanded his arrest May , , because there been found ‘ a letter written him by D u fr ic h e - V al azé asking him to bring their friends t o his house a conspiracy t o control the Convention
being inferred . Perhaps this may be regarded as the beginn ing of
the fall of the Girondins .
L E H A R DY . 305 . ( Pierre)
. 31 17 9 3. Guillotined at Paris , Oct , He justified his name in
n . speaking his mi d fearlessly Conventionnel . He declared, in ’ explaining his position as to the King s punishment , that t he 46
e Convention could not act at o n and the same time as accusers, ' I t h e judges and legislators . He then added : If considered I t o Convention in its capacity as judge, should ask it exclude at ” L e h ar d as t h e least sixty of its members . At the execution, y ,
wa t o f V iv l R e u bli u e . knife s about all, cried e a p q
. S . . 1 5 17 92. D , Paris, Oct ,
- A N T I B OU L . 306 . ( Charles Louis)
1 9 . 012. 3 17 3. Guillotined at Paris, 0 , Conventionnel In the 0 fo r trial of the King he voted detention, but he so expressed his t o i sentiments, or , rather , failed express himself by his cond tional wa l vote, that it s declared void the on y member to have that
B . distinction . ecame implicated with the Girondins
S . o . L . , Toul n, Aug
- i ROLAN D ( Jean Marie) de la P l at erc .
- o v . 1 5 1 7 93. ffi Killed himself at Bourg Boudouin, N , He a liated ae o bin 17 92 with the J Club, and at the beginning of both he a i and B o s e were Secretaries of the Club . He W s made M nister
23 17 92. l o t h . 17 92 of the Interior on March , After the of Aug , , Mo u n t a/in he drew further away from the party, and proposed a moving the seat o f govern ment to Blois . He became member
o f s . 23 1 793. the Convention, resigning the Mini try Jan , Accused ’ 31 t o . his March , he escaped Rouen On hearing of wife s death,
- . he stabbed himself _ with a sword cane
A . . S . t o B o s e ; L ,
P . I .
N a o - - P hl i ROLA D ( M n n Jeanne po n ) Madame.
at 17 175 4 . 8 1 79 3. Born Paris , March , ; guillotined at Paris , Nov ,
26 e 48 a o f . When she was she marri d Roland, then ye rs age In 17 9 1 , coming to Paris , she opened her salon, where congregated '
sein e of the most influential members of the Assembly . and after
o f . ward of the Convention, forming the party the Girondins “ She was called the soul o f that party in its contes t against t h e Mo u n t ai n an d t h e Paris Commune ; she was arres ted May
' 1 3 1 7 9 3 im ri s o n e d in e o n 24 , , and p the Abbay ; June she was n P l a ie 31 é . placed in Sai t g , and on Oct she was taken t o the ' Conciergerie ; s he was tried before the Revolutionary Tribunal on
. 8 1 793 as Nov , , and condemned ; executed the same day ; in p sing s “ the tatue of Liberty, on the site where once stood that of Louis ’ ’ L ibe r t e c o m m e o n t u ’ : 0 a ée . XV, she exclaimed , jo
A . L . S .
P . I .
- - - B I R T T E A . 309 . O U ( Jean Bonaventure Blaise Hilarion )
i 4 . at . 2 17 93 Gu llotined Bordeaux, Oct , Conventionnel ; on 9 17 9 3 h e o d March , , opp se the instituting of the Revolutionary 2 Tribunal ; compromised with the Girondins ; he fled on June , 1 7 9 3 t o h e , first to Lyons and then Bordeaux, where was arres ted
and trie d . 1 1 2 30 . S . . 5 9 . 5 . D , Oct , 7 See
B Z - - 310. U OT ( Francois Nicolas Léonard )
Conventionnel and regicide . Joined himself to the Girondin i h w . party, perhaps from s intimacy ith the Rolands The rela
-m e o tions between him and Mada R land have been much discussed , and their correspondence indicates a closer alliance than mere
o d . r e s c r ibe d . Plat nic frien ship He was p and escaped His body,
n s . in a ma gled condition, was found in the wood near Magre
A . L . S . 47
- u B OS C ( Lo uis Au gustin G illaume ) . He ro Famous botanist and friend o f Madame Roland . was p ar i e s t e d scribe d with the Girondins . When Madame Roland was ,
he took faithful charge of her only . child . He fled to the forests as n o t t o bu t of Montmorency, and w able only conceal himself, o m R e ve lliere others f the hunted Conventionnels , among the
L é e au x. e r p When the latter enter d the Directory, he emembered o ld his friend, and sent him as Consul to the United States, first
t o Wilmington and then t o N e w York .
- i GAUDET ( Marguerite E 1 e ) . o Guillotined at Bordeaux, June Conventionnel ; v ted e for the death o f the King wit h r e p ri v e . Gaudet identified himself
with the Girondins and attacked Danton . When defeated, he fled
to the Calvados .
. 27 17 92. S . D . , Paris , Jan ,
c - B A R B A R OU X ( Charles J an Marie ) . n io G o 25 17 94 . uill tined at Bordeaux, June Conve t nnel ; he M u n t ai n attacked the o , but united with that party in voting Ma 31 1 7 9 3 fl t . ed o for the death of the King After y , he Nor a t o e c m ndy and the Calvados , wher he con ealed himself with '
B u zo t e . and P tion He first wounded himself by a pistol shot , but
was captured and carried to Bordeaux . He was the youngest of
the Girondins .
1 3. A . D . S . See 9 LOUVET DE C OU VR A I ( Jean n a i n s Conve tionnel ; he att cked turn, Marat, Danton and Robe pierre ; he voted for the death of the King on the condition that the executio n sho uld be p o stpo ned until the French pe0p1e sho uld s have accepted the Con titution , he fled to Caen, but survived the
Terror . 2 S . 1 9 . 4 . A . L . , P aris , June 7 , 7 7 See 7
CLAVIERE ( Etienne ) .
d . 8 e 1 793. Committ suicide at Paris, Dec , Conventionnel ; he a and o n wa joined the Girondin p rty, March s made b 10 Minister for Pu lic Contributions under Roland , after Aug . , 17 92 o e o f , he took the portfoli of Finance ; aft r the fall his h e 'fo r was friends , the Girondins , was arrested, and six months ' in the Conciergerie ; when about t o be tried he killed himself n with a k ife .
. S . . L , Paris, Oct
CONDORCET ( Marie Jean Anto ine Nicolas de C arit at ) . - - 21 Killed himself at Bourg la Reine, March On Feb . , 1 782 was e o f 1 7 , he admitt d member the French Academy ; in 88 B r i s s o t e he formed, with , Mirabeau , Clavi re and others , the A m i s de s N O’I/I ' S o o n 4 17 9 1 Society of Conventi nnel ; May , he read before the Academy o f Sciences his paper on adopting the e o f o n 26 1 7 9 3 m tre as a unit measure ; March , , he was placed on the newly fo rmed Commission of Public Safety ; he was 8 17 93 c e denounced by Chabot, July , ; he es ap d and concealed himself for nine months at the home of the wi dow o f the Sculpt01 o f o n Vernet ; to relieve her embarrassment , he left the morning o 24 1 794 n f March , , and wa dered in the country until he was - - o n 29 arrested at Bourg la Reine, and March he was found de ad
in his cell from poison .
L S . 1 792. A . . ,
P . I . 48
- - KE R V E L E GA N ( Augustin Bernard Francois L e go azr e de) . Conventio nnel ; voted for the imprisonment of the King ; he joined the Girondins ; he was on the C om m is s ion E wt r ao r dmaire de s Dou ze to examine the decrees of the Paris Commune ; arrested 2 179 3 was o wn June , , he permitted to remain in his home under - t o F in is t ere gu ard, in the Rue des Saint Peres ; he escaped and remained in hidi ng until after the 9 thermidor ; he subsequently he n t . 14 1 79 was elected first to the Council of A cients on Oct , 5 t a - 16 1 where he became Secre ry and on April , 7 99, t o the
Council o f 5 00.
S . A . L . , JARY ( Francois - Joseph ) Conventionnel ; member o f the Committe e of General Surety ; f at the trial o the King he voted for his imprisonment ; on Oct . 4 17 93 r e s c ribe d 7 3 n , , he was p among the Conve tionnels who had signed the protest in favor of the Girondins ; he was imprisoned a t Made l o r n e t t e s in La Force and then , being released only after
9t h r Oc t . 12 1 95 the midor ; he was elected on , 7 , to the Counc il
of 5 00.
S . 30 17 95 ; D . , Nort, April ,
SALLE ( Jean Baptiste ) .
x 20 1 94. Guillotined at Bordeau , June , 7 Conventionnel ; he first suggested in the trial of the King the idea o f an appeal to the people ; he becam e compromised with the Girondins and fled ; he B 1 1 9 94. was arrested at ordeaux June , 7
A . L . S .
MACHENA, J . A Spanish sym pathizer with the Revolution and friend o f B r is s o t ; ib e d re s c r r e . 8 1 93 p with the Girondins ; he was ar sted Oct , 7 , at x C s Bordeau , whither he had fled from alvado .
A . L . S . He survived the Terror .
GR ANGENEUV E ( Jean - Antoine - Lafargue de ) 16 1 3 . 9 Conventionnel ; he made an excellent argument on Jan , 7 , in the trial of the King again st the right of the Convention t o judge and condemn an in div idu al who had been formally dethroned five months before ; he added that many of the members were ren dered incapacitated as jurors and judges from having repeatedly expressed themselves in a manner and of sentiments incompatible with impartiality ; he voted for the de t e n t ion o f the King ; shortly l o t h u 1 92 before the Aug st, 7 , he had expressed himself bitterly against royalty and said he would kill himself willingly if that ac t would arouse the peo ple against the Court ; he was pr e s c r ib e d with u the Girondins , but escaped ; discovered at Bordea x, he was tried by
21 . a Military Tribunal Dec . , and guillotined 28 1 92 300 S . . D . , Aug , 7 See .
PARE Jules - Francois Chief clerk t o Danton when the latter was advo cate t o t h e ’ as o f s u c King s Council . He w himself Minister the Interior,
c e e din . e n e w th e g Garat H bert denounced him as a Roland, and
Robespierre part y denounced him as a Dantonist .
L . S .
- HE BERT ( Jacques Rene ) .
24 1 4 . 1 90 Guillotined March , 79 In 7 began to appear his jour 1 1 as P er D u c he s n e . 7 9 nal known e In July, , with others of the fo r Cordeliers, he signed the public petition the dethronement of 2 . o n . 10 17 9 . 22 1 92 the King He was active Aug , , and on Dec , 7 ,
h e was elected o n e o f the substitutes of the Mayor . Bitter against H ébe r t is t e s the Girondins , there was organized a party called the , o f after their chief . It was composed the active figures of the
5 0
t an d a t he Jus Lebas, re ched scenes of his revolting cruelty t hey arrest ed him and made him st and in a pillory on the scaff old for
. o f four hours So great were the excesses this man in _ sending people to the guillotine that it revolted even the Paris populace an d was 12 he condemned and executed the germinal, Year II .
. S . 18 1 90. A . L , Bonn, April , 7
DANTON George- Jacques )
r 5 1 94 . 1 85 Guillotined at Paris, Ap il , 7 In 7 he established him self at Paris in the law ; he was active in the event s o f July 1 4
5 1789 . r t and Oct . , Chosen elector from the Depa ment of Paris, in 1 90 u e 7 , he became active in m nicipal matters and o n o f the leaders o f in the Club the Cordeliers . He largely organized the mo vement 10 1 92 . , 7 , , of _ Aug and in company with Rossignol he arrested with o wn a his hand, Mandat, who had succeeded L fayette as Commander o i f the N ational Guard . After the tak ng of the Tu ileries he W as e n named Minist r of Justice . His whole i fluence was directed toward building up the Communal strengt h o f Paris _ which was r r afte wa d to destroy him and his party and _to inaugurate the t Terror . The popular enrolment of Volun eers at the Champ de e Mars was due to his influenc . His responsibility for the Massacre 2 2 o f . 1 9 d Sept , 7 , cannot be ignored, notwithstan ing that the French Republicans o f to - day have exalted him beyond any other 1 3 character of the Revolution . In April, 79 , he was named on the e first Committee of Public Safety . He displayed remarkable nergy and skill in raising and equipping an army of men which ffi m subdued internal di culties and drove , hostile forces fro the 1 3 t o . 9 frontiers In May, 7 , he began realize the danger to the r o f e count y in the Commune of Paris , in the power Marat, H bert, an d C o the like, and urged the National onventi n to subordinate
the City to the State . After the fall o f the Giron dins the contest o was between him and Robespierre . Secret intrigues were rganized ac o bin 17 94 against him, but when he spoke at the J u Club, early in ,
the struggle became public . Danton was arrested on the night of
30 17 94 . r e March , , and the following day St Just presented his
markable arraignment accusing Danton of having conspired, first ’ d Orl e an s D u m o u rie z with Mirabeau, then with , then with , and
n a . R e v o l u fi ally with the Girondins , gainst liberty Tried by the ' t io n ary T r ibu n al ; in response to the question : Your name and ” “ " : residence Danton said My residence will soon be nowhere ;
‘ ” my name y o u will fin d in the P an t heo n of Histo ry. 4 1 2 280 33 . . S . . 9 . D , Paris , Sept 7 , 7 See also and I P . .
DESMOULINS ( Lucie - Simplice Camille Benoit )
5 17 94 . Guillotined at Paris , April ’ o f l e Schoolmate of Robespierre s in the College Louis Grand, at On 14 178 9 was in Paris ; in 178 1 he entered the law . July , , he E o r the cro wd attacking the Bastille . ngaged in J u nalistic work o he identified himself with the Club o f the Cordeliers . When Dant n H e as entered the Ministry he became o n e o f the Secretaries . w
chosen with Danton to represent Paris in the Convention , Sept . , i o f 1 92. 10 1793 7 On March , , he was named on the Comm ssion
Public Safety. Perhaps more than Danton, Desmoulins led the 1 1 4 was m n . 7 9 attack on the Paris Com u e On April , , he tried c ff t o as an accomplice . At the foot of the s a old he tried embrace t o Danton who, when the executioners sought prevent, exclaimed
F ls o u c an n r e v e n t o u r he ads m e e t in in t he bas ke t . oo , y ot p g
3 14 . See N o s . 9 and 7
A . L . S .
P . I . 5 1
- i DESMOULINS Anne Lucile Philippe L ar do n Du plessis ) . De s Guillot ned at Paris , A pril Wife of Camille
i ' - ~ o n D e c . t moulins . They were married and among the wi e r e et io n f 1\/I e r c ie r an B r is s o t t o f nesses w re Robespie r , P , d Par ' ’
a 1 l de o n . their married life was spent t No . P lace de O On April was arrested by order of t he Committee of Public “ wi a e n t he a o . Safety, to h ch order was pp ded n me of R bespierre She was placed in the priso n of Sa int Pelagie and condemned and
executed nine days after .
’ - i id DU P L E MS S I S ( Anne F ra11 go is e Marie B o is de ve x.L ar o n ) . I
The mother of. L u eil e Desmoulins and with whom C a mille was
“ ' - r said t o have been ih love when first h e came to Pa is . Wh en
“ Lucile was in the priso n awaiting her e xecution Madame Du pe s s is
t o n o a a . wrote an urgent note to Robespierre , which nswer ever c me
’ - - F ABRE D E GL A N T I N E . ( Philippe Francois N aaaire ) u 5 a G illotined at Paris , April Poet and memb i of the a t h e Convention . Competing in the Flor l Games at A cademy of ‘ ’ f w n E la nt ine d Or . flo W e r Toulouse he o the prize of the g , adding the “ his m o f t he henceforth to surna e . Dwelling in the quarter Cor de l i'e r s in Paris he identified himself with th e Club of Co rdeliers mo a o and with Danton . His st import nt work in the Conventi n
n . H e was in relatio to the Revolutionary Calendar . composed the ' sonorous and descriptive names of the months and divisio ns o f 2 8 wa n e time . ( See No . . 7 ) He s condem ed and ex cuted with
Danton .
~ L 2 1 83. . 0 A . S Geneva, March , 7 ‘ P .
1 4 e o e t o 5 9 . Guillotin d wi h Dant n at Paris, April , 7 Conv nti nnel He vote d fo r the abolishment : o f Royalty and fo r death t o any o - d h e n e who attempted to r e est ablish it . Oppose to t Girondins
he tried to save them and thu s earne d the enmity o f the Jaco bins . 2 1 2 . S . . 9 . A . L , Paris , Aug , 7 HE RAULT DE SECHELLES ( Mar'i'e n a r e c Guilloti ed with D nto n at Paris , Ap il Influ n ed by r a d th e n c e s he h m the w itings of Diderot n ,E cy lop dist threw i self
o . into the Revolu tion with enthusiasm . C nventionnel and regicide w o 1 1 1 92 o rt la at rie It was he h presented, July , 7 the fam us repo p
e n dan e r . n o . 1 0 17 92 s u g He aided the i surrecti n of Aug , and p H e . had an important part in ported Danton in all his plans I forming the Constitution bf 1 793 having been a member o f the
Committee of P u bl ic S afety . The present letter is a pathetic
“ appeal to his o ld fellow members of the Convention t o give him a
hearing . e c . S . x A . L , Lu mbourg Prison, Mar h
DELAC ROIX ( JeanF rancois ) .
. 5 1 94 ca u r Guillotined at Paris , April , 7 Advo te and Proc reu t o a. 8 1 9 1 Gener l Aug. 2 , 7 elected deputy the Legislative Assem l ’ b . . 10 n s i In the events of Aug , he was one of Danto ch ef yI t o 1 2 . . On . 4 9 aids Sept , 7 he was elected the Convention He was
' o n o t o Du m o u r ez of a missi n i when the trial the King began, but ’ o f t e returning to Paris he vo ted for the King s death . Member h Committee of Public s afety; he Opposed the Girondins ; and after
their fall he was . an obj ect of enmity to the Jacobins . 1 93 D . S , 7 . 5 2
’ - h e E SPAGNAC ( Marc Rene S a u gu t ) Abbe d . 1 94 5 7 . Guillotined at Paris with Danton, April , Friend and
' agent of Calonne . Contractor for the Armies of the Alps and o f '
. ac o bin s e d Belgium He was an active member of the J , being elect
e 3 1 90. o f o S cretary June , 7 The members the Cl ub c ntinually
put him upon the defensive in the matter of his army contracts . 21 1 93 - On Jan . , 7 , a member accused him of corresponding with the ’
e t h e d rt o is . H e Emigr s and with an agent of Comte A was charged, 1 1 94 when tried before the Revolutionary Tribunal April , 7 , with s shamele s speculations .
. . S . 24 1 7 . A L , Versailles, May , 77
M d - 336 . n GUZ AN ( A re Marie ) Comte de .
w 5 1794. Guillotined ith Danton at Paris, April , A Spaniard an d a member of the Revolutionary Committee o f the Commune of ’ d r Paris . Ac cuse before the Revolutionary T ibunal of fraud in wi f o f a connection th the af airs the Comp ny of the Indies, a witness said he had passed hims e lf for a Ge r man Baron under the name
o f D e fr e y .
. . S . . 17 . 1 83. A L , Brussels, Oct 7
WEST E R MA N N ( Francois - Joseph ) 1794 Guillotined at Paris , April 5 , . He went to Paris in May ,
- 17 92 . e u s . , and identified himself with Danton On the fam Aug 1 0 17 92 was s , , he at the head of the Revolutionary section ; he served under D u m o u r ie z and had a c dm m an d in the Vendee ; going 17 93 ed to Paris in April, , he was arrested, tried and releas ; he n o t at 4 was was first proscribed with the Dantonists, but on April
o P . tried and condemned, being executed with Dant n at
5 17 94 o n . April , , the Place de la Revolution
A . L . S , to Gen . Marceau, Dec . C o m m u m c at io n s u D . S . of Camus , Archivi t, J ly o f n copying the minutes the National Conve tion, showing that
17 93. W estermann had not been convicted in May,
P .
CHABOT ( Francois ) . Guillotined April Co nventionnel and regicide ; Capucin
priest befo re the Revolution . In a speech at the session of Sept .
1 92 . e a l e 7 , 7 he said Le Citoyen J sus Christ ét it premier sans ” d s was culotte u monde entier . He on the secret Revolutionary 2 t o f . 10 1 7 9 Commit ee which brought about the events Aug , ; at the trial of the Girondins he was o n e of the chief accuser s ; he
was guillotine d with Danton .
. S . . 8 17 88 . A . L , Rodez , Oct
MARCEAU ( Francois - s everin)
A lt e n k e rc h e n . 20 1 7 96 s Killed at , Sept , ; illustriou soldier ; he took part in the attack on the Bastille ; made Commander of a 1 2 1 7 92 t o battalion of volunteers July , , he was sent Lafayette
just as that General was deserting his army . Marceau cried out s wh o to the soldier , were in a panic and uncertain as to their
' Ou r c u n t r be o r e o u r Gen er als . ro l o n e d e n duty, o y f In the p g V ' e war o ffic e r at t r ac t e d h i d en no , general more attention by s daring and courage : than t h e youthful Marceau ; he stopped another r an d o f D e l a milita y panic at Saumur, at the battle s ved the e s o f life o f Westermann . Kl ber then aid him that for coolness
and quickness and courage there was no other General like him, “ ” ’ and he surnamed him the Lion . He was shot in the enemies count ry while reconnoitering on the t hir d c am p l e m e n t an y day o f — 1 9 1 7 9 6 — the Year IV Sept . , dying the following day ; he was 5 3
o n e d buried near Co blentz , where year after, to a day, his frien
Hoche was interred in the same grave .
u 2 17 96 . A . L . S . , J ly ,
P . I .
KLEBER Jcan - Baptiste
14 1 800. s Assassinated at Cairo ( Egypt ) , June , Famou sol l n dier ; after studying in a military school in Munich, he served the Au strian army from 177 6 to 1 7 83; entering the French 8 1 7 92 d 1 army, he became, Jan . , , A jutant Major , and havi1g o i was distinguis hed himself at the siege Mayence, he named Chief 17 1 7 9 3 was s o f Brigade Aug . , , and soon after General ; it in thi “ o f t h e e ; , position he , made his campaign Vend e he had endeared o himself to the Republicans in the National C nvention, Saint ' Just praising his military talents ; Kleber followed Bonaparte
o . t Egypt , where he met his death
7 90. S . 21 1 A . L . , April ,
P . I .
- - - 1 s o . 34 . DAMPIERRE ( Augu te Marie Henri Picot ) C mte de Entered the army as ensign at the age of seventeen years ; o n t o e m . 7 17 92 e Sept , , he was promot d be Mar chal de Ca p , and on 8 1 79 3 and May , , he rose to be Lieutenant General , on April 4 o o o f o f foll wing to be C mmander in Chief , the Armies the
N orth . His death occurred through his defense of the region
near where this document was written .
7 9 3. S . 5 1 D . , Valenciennes, April , P
- — VALE NC E ( Jean B apt is t e Cy ru s - Marie A de l a1de de Thim br u n e )
Comte de . Soldier and legislator ; Deputy - alternate from the N o bi bit y
. was wh o r h to the Etats Généraux It he , in the name of the F enc C o u rbier e o f n army, arranged with Gen . de , in the name the Ki g s o of Prus ia, for the capitulati n of Verdun by the Russians to the
o f . . French, and for the entrance therein Gen Kellermann o f The present piece is the last article this capitulation, and is 27 1 2 . . 79 signed by both parties On Sept , , Verdun had been taken by the Prussians and even now the French were to hold ' 13— s e it only to Oct . uncertain is border warfare . On the 5 17 9 3 D u m o u r ie z n o rt u evening of April , , he fled with and the u f ’
. c nate Dampierre was installed in the latter s place Valen e , with Du m o u r ie z t o E , went ngland, whence, at the suggestion of Pitt,
they departed soon after, Valence going to America .
2 1 2. S . . 1 79 D . , Oct ,
CU ST I N E ( Adam - Philippe ) Comte de 2 1 8 7 9 3. Guillotined at Paris , Aug . , Soldier and legislator ; he fought in the American army with Rochambeau ; Deputy from t o e the Nobility the Etats Généraux, where he advocated R vo l u i t o ar o . 1 7 9 1 n y ref rms ; on Oct , he was promoted t o be Lieutenant t o General , and sent the Army of the Rhine ; he wrote a letter in which he suggested a military dictator ; for this he earned o f M u n t ai n was the enmity the o ; he named , however, General in
o f - Chief of the Army the North, to replace Dampierre, but was t o called back Paris and tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal . 28 1 792 D . S . u m r i L , Strasburg, May , , to Gen . o u e z . P
' - - P I C H E GR U ( Jea11 Charles ) General .
Soldier and legislator ; destined for the church, he entered the artil lery branch of t he army when twenty- one years of age ; he adopted Republican ideas an d was sent t o the Army of the 5 4
Rhine ; under him the French forces were universally s uccessful ,
sweeping through . the L ow Countries an d entering Amsterdam h im A Jan . his enemies accuse d of permitting the u s t r ian e was s som small successes, and he replaced by Moreau in 1 7 96 was t o 5 00 1 79 6 e he elected the Council of in , and becam President on May in his legislative capacity he side d - v with the counter revolutionists ; in olved in intrigue, he was
. 4 17 97 e e arrested Sept , , and deport d to Sinnamari, whence h e t o o escap d L ndon, and while there and in Germany conspire d against the Republic ; he was accused of conspiring with C ado u dal s to assassinate the First Con ul, and when he secretly entered
Paris he was ar res te d and taken t o the Temple . On April a he was found dead, h ving been strangled the night before in
t o . at such a manner as indicate murder Barras declared , th '
Bonaparte cause d his death .
. S . . A L . , from Headquarters; Army of the Rhine, to Gen Hoche,
. 8 17 93. Nov ,
I . P . L A JOL A I S Frederic - Michel - F rancois - Joseph) " Entered upon a military career in 17 78 ; he was made aide de
G e n . . 20 179 1 camp to Kellermann Sept , , and sent to the Army o f P ic h e ru the Rhine, where he identified himself with Gen . g a . was w s and compromised with him ; he arrested, tried and t o acquitted, but refused reinstatement ; passing over England, he was involve d in the schemes of P ic h e gru ; he was condemned 31 1 804 to death May , ; Napoleon commuted the sentence, and imprisoned him first in ‘ the Chateau de Joux and then in the ’ Chateau d I f .
. S . . 28 1 798 . A L . , Strasburg, Nov ,
- HOUCHARD ( Jc an Nicolas ) .
N o v . 1 7 17 9 3. e 17 Gu illotined at Paris , , Enter d the army in 5 5 , was t ‘ u i . 15 17 9 1 o C s t n e and Oct , , he appointed aide de camp ; ' ‘
On D e c . 1 1 792 h e was ro m o t ed e , , p to be mar chale de camp ; on
. 9 1792 Ge n . G o Dec , , ustine, from the camp by Mayence, wr te home t o the Convention H ou c har d has s t opp e d of t h e e n e m y
wit n l . 1 3 17 93 o m h o y On May , , his appointment as C
‘ mander o f the Army of the Rhine was announced ; he Was pro
n e o n . 1 17 9 3 moted o more step Aug , , and the Army of the a Th e Ardennes , as well as th t of the North, was given to him .
e e o . 25 17 93 Repr s ntative Levasseur wr te home from Lille, Aug , , that he was satisfie d Houchard would protect the French territory
s e . e from the Engli h d scent at Dunkerque H announced, under t “ o f . 10 17 93 t he o f s date Sept , , victory Hond choo e and the raising o f o f t wo m the siege Dunkerque ; exactly weeks ore, and Houchard ‘ as d w deprived of his command, arreste , charged by Bil l aud Varennes and others with bet raying his country and with e n c o u r aging the enemy ; it was charged that he had been in correspond
ence with the Duke of York ; he was placed in the Conciergerie,
B e u n o t . w and g , who saw him there, thus describes him He as
six feet high, with the step of a savage, a ferocious look from d w his eyes ; a piece of shell had displace his mouth, dra ing up o n e corner o f his left ear ; his upper lip had been cut in twain h ad by a sabre blow ; his nose been injured , and two other sword ” o wounds had left two parallel lines of cuts up n his right cheek . n But the Revolutionary Tribunal , with absolutely o proof and s he re only very distant suspicion , condemned this of France to o n f an d was e o n die the scaf old, he guillotin d the Place de la
Revolution . '
1793. . . 7 . S A . L , Jan ,
P . 5 5 7
- KELLERMAN N ( Franco is Cristophe) Du e de Valmy .
o f o n . 20 7 92 t Soldier and Maréchal France ; Sept , 1 , he fough an d wo n t h e o f e o n e . battle Valmy, which history r cords as of s o f the deci ive bat tles the world, and which drove the foreign
enemy from France . The victory was o f the greatest . importance
e s o f . H e was e C o n to the R publican France l accus d before the v e n t io n of not having followed up his successes by going, over
into German territory ; he was acquitted ; then, going into the south; he was emplo yed agains t Lyons ; shortly after being n a accused before the Conve tion, he was imprisoned in the Abb ye
“ fo r thirteen months ; when , released, he was given command o f o f men, and stopped, at Proven ce, the advance Austrians ; Napoleon made him Maréchale in 1804 ; in his last will he devised that his “ heart might be buried on the field of
Valmy .
. . 1 8 S . 1 1 7 8 . A L . , Strasburg, Sept ,
P . I . HOCHE ( Lazare ) o f a 1784 a l Son a hostler , he entered the rmy in ; an indefatig b e
. 1 7 93 s worker, he received rapid promotion, and in Dec , , he wa named Commander - in - Chief o f the Army of the Moselle ; he fought i s a v gorously and succes fully against the Austrians , but his f me f his n has always been af ected by treatment of the Vendée s, and
e . . his execution of Chaumette, th ir leader The proposed invasion
of Ireland was to have been conducted by Hoche , but the expeditio n
failed in Bantry Bay to make a landing . He is believed to r u o have died from a cold, but there were m urs of poison .
. S . 1 7 1 796 . A L . , March ,
P . I . MI — DU GOU E R s . ( Jacque Coquille, dit) 17 17 94: Killed on Montagne Noire, Nov . , Heroic soldier ; d entered the military service in Gua aloupe, and when the Revo l u t io n began became its strong advocate ; he declined to go to the t o 1 7 92 Convention, which he was elected Sept . , and pursued his
military career in France ; he was one of the defenders of Toulon . I t was he wh o drove from the last piece of French territory the wa - defeated Spaniards ; he s killed at the fight of Saint Sebastien .
S . 28 1 94 L . , April , 7
P .
AUDOUIN Francois - Xavier ) Conventionnel an d regicide ; he was appointed to go to; t he Departments of Deux- Sevres an d the Vendee as the Commissioner
of the Executive power, and it was his report on the beginning o f e 1 3 1 792 this insurrection in the Vend e, Oct . , , which irritated
the Convention, and largely led to its attitude of vengeance . The V e e 1 . 5 17 90 b t he end e had be n created a Department Jan , , u t o term, in the insurrecti n and war which followed, co vers the o f territory south the river Loire, from the Atlantic well t o o n the ea s tward . It was almost the e region in France where
the feudal system seemed bearable, the seigneurs being kind and
decent and the peasants and small farmers being happy.
S . a . 19 1 79 3. D . , P ris , Sept ,
LEFEBVRE , DE LA CHAUVIERE ( Julien ) .
175 7 18 1 6 . t o Born in ; died in Elected the Convention Sept . 5 1 7 92 i , , he voted w th the moderates in the trial of the King,
expressing the opinion that he should be deported ; on March 1 7 , 17 9 3 o f , he called the attention the Convention to the condition o f f s public af air at Nantes and along the Loire, where the priests 5 6
" e c e who and emigr s _ were creating insurre tions ; he propos d that all abetted or hindered recruiting fo r the Republican army should be sent to the Revolutionary Tribunal ; he thus announced t h e beginning of those troubles which ended only with ‘ the submission
of the Vendee .
1 1 1 79 . . S . 5 L , July ,
L A I GN E L OT Jos e ph - Francois
d N o v . 8 17 9 3 Conventionnel and regici e ; on , , he was sent on
a mission to the Vendee ; he declared to the Convention on Sept . 29 17 94 t h e s a; n , , exi tence of sentiment that the inhabita ts of the " Vendee should be trans planted and their lands bestowe d o n t patriots ; he criticises Carrier , who is sitting in the Conven ion
with him at the time , and recommends sending representatives ” e wh o n o t a e to the Vend e will always kill, but be , just and hum n while also severe ; he says while th—ere, orders were received to burn 60 Communes in that region and he intimates that it
was not the Convention which issued this order .
14 1 93. 2 5 . D . S . , See July , 7 See 7
AUBERT DU BAYET ( Jean - B aptiste - Annibal ) Soldier and legislator ; he served under Lafayette in America ; was o f s o n 8 17 92 he elected President the A sembly July , , having served as Vice President the prece ding term ; he returned t o his ' regiment and fought under Kellermann at V o l m y . During the 1 17 9 3 du a d Presidency of Danton, Aug . , , Aubert Bayet appe re accompanied by four officers and reported the condition o f the r armies of the North, then in Germany, and pe mission to _ asked h e a o c c o lamde go to attack t Vendéen s . The President g ve him the
the fraternal kiss .
9 . . S . 1 17 A . L , Paris, April 5 , 5 P M A I N OU R ( Pierre ) .
- B o u r n e u fe n 24 1 7 93. Killed at g Retz, March , Deputy to the Legislative Assembly in 1 7 9 1 ; he had been Mayor and A dm in is e trator in his native town . In the early days of the Vend e s struggle, in a fight between the Revolutionists and the Royalis t ,
. he _ was kille d by the latter
. S . 31 1 792. A . L , Paris, March ,
CHALIE-R Mar ie - Joseph
1 6 1 793. Guillotined at Lyons , July , Merchant in Lyons in 1789 , he took an active part in promulgating Republican ideas ;
he greatly admired Marat , whom he took for his model ; he
became . the President of the Revolutionary Tribunal . The r e ac t io n ary party in Lyons took up arms agains t the Revolutionary C party, against the onvention and its representatives . Almost
‘ their first act was to arrest Chalier , set up a popular Tribunal
. e and, after a short trial , condemn him to death On the P l ac e d s T e r r e a/u w f o e , where the scaf ld was erect d, he addressed the multi ’ d ' 1 6 1 tu e , and shortly after four o clock , on Tuesday, July , 79 3,
the axe fell, it requiring three strokes of the unskilled executioner
a . to sever the he d His death created a great sensation in Paris ,
and the Convention decreed him the honours of the P an t heo n .
e . 1 179 3 His bust and mutilated head were s nt to Paris , Dec , , by ’ d H er bdi s e Collot and Fouch , members of the Convention .
. . S . 8 1 79 1 . A L , Lyons , April , ,
P . I . ’ H E - COLLOT d RB OI S J ean Marie) . Dramatic artist and author before the Revolution ; he was active
. 1 0 1 7 92 o n . 6 in the Commune during Aug , , and Sept , of the same
5 8
- LE B ON ( Joseph Ghislain Francois ) . t an d Guillotined Oct . Educa or legislator ; professor o f 1 784 was in the College Beaune in , he made Constitutional 8 1 7 9 1 C o n ve n Curé June , , but he renounced the priesthoo d ; as - - Oc t ; 29 t io n n e l ; he was sent o n a. mission to the P de Calais , 1 7 9 3 was s o c Gu ffr o , but moderate in his condu t that y accused o f t o o o n 6 17 94 u him much moderation ; March , , he ret rned t o h n and had t at regio , when he again entered the Convention
L o n t h e B u t c h e r . he had earned the title of e B , Carrier, in the
h ad n . o h is south , his rival in this man in the orth He m ved u w g illotine ith him from place to place, slaughtering by day \ b wit h t r ial . and y night, and without trial Most of his atrocities
. n were committe d in and around Ar ras and Amiens . O e of the charges agains t him was that he let his wife arrest people an d co n was a d o f demu them to death . He the mouthpiece n the whip b o f Robespierre and S t . Just . Le Bon was tried y the Tribunal the Somme — it “ having been decided that crimes should be judged
e . 8 1 795 . where committ d, and condemned on Oct ,
“ . . S . 20 1 7 94 . A D , Paris, April ,
P .
' an d r e ic ide . e Convention nel g He was sent on a mission in Jun ,
'
. T u r r e au 1 93 e n d . 7 , to the Vend e a Saumur Brother to Gen , he ’ was made t o share with his relative the o dium of the ot her s
l d e n . Mo u h l o . G n wil rder to Gen Mou in , couche in these words lau n c h him s e lf wit h t h e le ft win g u pon Mo n t agn e wi ll di s c/rm an d bu t c h er wi t h u t r e ar d t o a e an d s e a all wh o m a be in his wa , o g g , y y . .
was a C . 29 1 94 When this message re d in the onvention, Sept , 7 , th e t he e x worst of Terror at Paris having passed, the members ’ T T r r e au s . pressed great sorrow and ordered Gen . u arrest his T u r re au was e r 1 809 Am aft wards, in , an bassador from the Emperor h to t e United S tates .
L . S .
’ R E V E R CH ON ( Jacques ) ;
1 2 . r 1 46 8 8 . Bo n in 7 , died in Conventionnel and regicide He s t o s be a an d was ent on a mission o Ly n , where m nifested firmness
- o f . 1 ability, arresting many the counter revolutionists Nov. 2 , ' 1 8 1 4 vVas 1 93 he . 9 7 was elected Secretary, and on Jan , 7 he made - 1 President o f the Jac o b n C lub . He was elected first to the Council o f an d a e o t he 5 00 l t r t the C ouncil of Ancients, of which latter
body he was Secretary .
S . 1 9 A . L . , Nov . 7 4
D B - e e U OU C HET ( Pi rr ) . r o f Conventionnel . In the t ial the King he recorded his vote
t h e de at h o t he t r an t . . 12 17 94 in favor of f y On Feb , he made a Speech in which he upheld the Revolutionary Tribunal of Lyo ns e d and see med to excus e the atrocities co mm itt in that city. He
was exiled as a regicide in 18 1 6 .
23 1 93. . 7 S . A . L . , Meaux, Oct ,
‘ - RI VIERE ( Charles Francois de R ifiar de au ) Du e de . c o o f Soldier and , a ommander of a c mpany the French Guards in o f o 1789 He was devoted to the house the Bourb ns, and following ’ the Comte d A rt o is he is said to have secretly entered France dur h e ing the Revolution no less than seven times . He was with t ’ Comte d A rt o is o n his unfortunate expedition to the Vendee Sept . During this year he was in prison in the Chateau de
Nantes , but he escaped and continued his secret missions . He
followed h is Prince to Edinburgh , where he lived many years . When the time came for the Royalists to make a last desperate 5 9
f 1 04 n o n r r ef ort in 8 , la ding the coast of No mandy, Rivie e made his
’ wa an d e H e y to P aris f ll into the hands o i the po lice . op e nly his e t o t he B b declared f alty ourbons , and is said to have een saved
by Madame Bo naparte . Under Louis XVIII he was Ambassado r '
t o C . . c r 1 1 1 onstantinople He was reated Peer of F ance Aug . 7 , 8 5 . It is to him that the Art World owes t h e pos sessio n by France of s o c e a o the Venu de Mil , which he a quired whil at Const ntin ple 18 1 1 . . S . . 9 . A D , Paris , Jan ,
‘ I SA E o s e h - Ge n e v -1 PU Y ( J p eve ) C omte de . o E u Deputy fr m the Nobility to the tats Générau x . J ly o e he entered Nati nal Assembly . Chief Vendé n, who organized t u n
fortunate expedition of Quibero n .
JA GU A L T ( l ’A bbé Pierre ) " o f ée . a o s Celebrated chief the Vend ns A n tive of Th uar , in the t e e . H e Deux S vres , in an adj oining coun y , to the Vend e, I was
t . s e influenced by the prevailing Royalis entim nt and, as the Church seemed to favo r t h e same cau se, he naturally sided with the
- . . anti revolutionists He survived the , Revolution and retained at o s least his religi u beliefs as the present letter shows .
S . T Oc t . 2 4 A . L . , houars, , BACO DE LA CH APE‘LLE Mayor o f Nantes and forever famous fo r his valiant defense o f
'
o n 29 1 93. that city against the Vendéens June , 7
. .S . 1 A . L , 7
' ’ 3 E - i 70. B o G. o t ) EL E Maurice L uis I g d I
“ t - i e xe c u old . E e d o irm o u t e r s 9 1 94. H at N , Jan , 7 Vendéen s ier
o r rt h e e to k pa t in the uprising in Vend e, joining the forces of the
s . 011 4 1 93 at Royali t rebels March , 7 , he found himself the head s o n e of insurgent , and several occasions d feated Generals S n b e s e i e d n like a terre and Menou and g the city of Na tes, but he R was no t supported and so ret ired t o Montaigne . The epublican t h e at h o ll e t an d u n E lbée forces marched upon Vendéens C wo ded , N o i o t ie r 1o o t o rm u s mn . s . who was taken , tr d, c nde ed and hot 1 S . . 8 9 D . , Sept , 77
RUELLE ( Albert ) .
“ o t 6 1 2 n o t fo r t t . 9 he Elected the Conven ion Sept , 7 , whe he v ed
e ( if 5 1 94 s S e c re t ar . d ath the King On April , 7 , he was cho en y I ’ as : t o His chief service to the Republic w af er R bespierre s fall . r a Having allied himself to the Thermido eans , he received the p n o f o u pointme t Commissi ner to the Vendee region, making freq ent
reports t o the Convention . Charette and the rebel leaders repo sed dcf ll e i R u e , e great confidence in the wor I and the s gning of the peac
articles was largely du e to his negotiations .
S . D . , May
'
M v T U R R E A U DE GA R A MB ON V I L LE ( Louis ar ie ) . Famous General whose cruelties are charged t o the o rders o f t he
Convention and the Committee o f Public S afety . He applied the 17 94 : P t all torch t o the Vendee . In Jan he issued his order u
' a o n n e t t f d e liv e r all v illa e s t o t h a e R oyalis t s t o t h e b y g e fl m e s . Th present letter is addressed to Rossignol and announces his orders t o e join him in the Vend e .
. 7 , a o 363. A . L . S Chinon, Aug , See ls
- DORNIER ( Claude Pierre ) . 5 ’ . v . t . Iron Master and Legislator Elected to the, Con ention Sep 5 92 Sat o t fo r , 17 , he with the M untain and vo ed against a reprieve 60
t he King after his condemnation . The Convention sent him to t he rmi an d c o f e A es of the West to the ountry the Vend e, where he did
t o a . u n i much bring pe ce Elected to the Co cil of 5 00, he became t s
r N o v 21 17 98 . Secreta y . , 2 1 . S . 95 . 1 D , May , 7 See 37 .
CHAILLON ( Etienne ) .
Deputy from the Third Estate to the Etats Généraux . In this
body he represented Nantes, and the same constituency elected him,
. 6 17 92 o o . t h e t rial o f Sept , , to the C nventi n In the Kin he _ I g
voted for the imprisonment of Louis until the declaration of peace . H e was sent with B o ll e t and others to the Vendee t o hasten the
e St o fier . peace with the chi f of the rebels, He was elected to the n An Cou cil of the cients, and died suddenly while still a member . 3 1 L . S . See 7 .
MAR IE TTE Jac qu e s - Chis t o ph e - Luc ) o f Conventionnel . He voted for the imprisonment the King.
. 26 17 95 o n t o On Jan , , he was sent a mission Marseilles and the
' r n Mediterranean ports, the fo mer havi g been ordered in a state of
. e siege He must have been in the south at the time , as w find a o t he i o letter fr m him dated follow ng day fr m Marseilles, in which s T e r r r o he de cribes the reign of o still in that city, with the m bs cheering for the Jacobins and the Mou n t ain and denouncing the
Convention . He intimates in this letter that S al ic e t t i is at the
o t h . 3d 1 th e . 95 bott m of all e trouble On Feb , 7 , he sends a
despatch t o the Convention announcing that the Terror is ended . 19 1 95 e ar 3 June , 7 , he was lected Secret y, and on July he was
p laced on the Committee of Ge neral Surety . He was elected to the
Council of 5 00.
. S . 2 1 95 . D , March 7 , 7 B OL L E T ( Philipp - Albert ) ‘ Agriculturist and Mayor of Cuincy, when he was elected Sept .
8 1 92 . o , 7 , to the Convention He sat with the m derates in the
o f . group called la P laine . He voted for the death the King On
30 1 93 o r . May , 7 , he was sent on a mission to the N th He united o n m with Barras in his attack Robespierre, and when the for er, o n t h r 2 was the 9 the midor ( July 7 , named Chief of the t o f B o l l e t o n e his Na ional Guard Paris, was named as of six 12 1 4 o n a assistants . On Sept . , 7 9 , he was sent mission to the a coast of Brest . Here he gre tly helped Ho che in quieting the 2 1 r t o C t h e ee . 95 Vend Feb . 7 , 7 , he thus repo ted the onvention closing o f the conflict : T he V e ndee i s r e s t or e d t o t h e bos om o f t he n o t R e pu blic . H owever it was an undisturbed rest as the history 13 fio r e al 2 17 o f that region records . On the , Year III ( May , - l - l e - he finally an no unced at Saint F orent Viele, half a league from
Mo n t l o n e o f V e n dée e n h . s g , the submission the C ief Thi present a document is the origin l and first announcement, made the same da t o y, and before that made the Convention, to the Adjutant Ge neral Savary of the signing o f this peace and ordering the dis t r ibu t io n among the soldiers of a ration of liquor to celebrate this
' happy event .
Mo nt l o n e 2 1795 . S . L . , g , May ,
- dr JE A N B ON SAINT ANDRE ( A n e ) . r Protestant clergyman and legislator . He had first se ved in the o o f n navy, risen t the rank Captain when he resig ed and studied r theology. He had become so interested in Republican refo ms that ‘
o . 5 1 92 . n Sept , 7 , he was elected to the Convention It is claimed for him that what Carnot was to the army and C ambon ' to the
e an b o n A n dre t o . finances , J Saint was the marine Nevertheless o f 1 17 94 his counsel on the occasion of the naval battle June , , was 6 1
n o t in . s uch as to aid a victory He was _ on . board the Vice ’ Admiral s vessel during the combat . He was denounced in the
' Convention by H ardy fo r his connection with the insurrection of 20 1 95 t May , 7 and the accuser referred o his incapacity in marine
. was Ma 23 management He arrested y , but left on guard in his was own home . He released by the amnesty. Under the Directory was i n 1 fo r he Consul Algie s , and three years a prisoner with the
Tu rks .
. . S . 25 1 93. A L , Paris , June , 7 LATOUCH E - TRE VILL E ( Louis - René - Madeleine Le Vassor ) Comte
de .
S ailor and legislator . Deputy from the Nobility t o the - Etats h e Générau x ; , early j oined the Third Estate, or National Assem
- . d o e 18 1 2 in 1 92 .a n c 9 7 n . 7 bly He was made Vice Admiral _ , D , , he anchored in the Bay o f Naples and de manded o f the King a dis o f t o t he m S e an d avowal the insult French A bassador monville , t his action obtained the reco gnition of the French R epublic by the
King . He commanded the fleet at Boulogne in it s pretende d o n preparations for an attack England . See Napoleon .
~ D . S . F u dr an t 13 1 01 . , on board the o oy , July , 8
- - VILLARET JOYEUSE ( Louis Thomas ) Comte .
Soldier and sailor . Having been involved in a duel while in the ’ 1 4 King s Guard he enrolled himself in the navy . Lieutenant in 77 F a he received the command o f the rigate L a Nai de . He became Vice Admiral in 1793 and placed his flag on the ship L a Mo n t agn e In the ea rly summer of 17 94 with a fleet o f war vessels he went o u t s to meet a convoy of grain ship coming from America, but they ' c o were inter epted by an English fle et commanded by L rd Ho we .
. o c c u r e d a B r 1 1 794 i Then the b ttle of est, June , , n which the Eng t he r lish were victorious, but in which French showed such gallant y an d courage that it made the day forever memorable in the annals ' - - n of naval fights . Villaret Joyeuse was c riticised for bad judgme t
in making manoeuvres .
- . L S . 21 17 97 . A . , April , RE NAUDIN Jean - Francois e mm L e C lebrated sailor . He was the co ander of the vessel V e n e u r a o ff 1 1 94 E g ; when in the b ttle Brest June , 7 , the nglish n h e r s ao can on placed in a sinking condition, the French sailor , l - t o cording to the egend, nailed the tri color the mast and then, as ’ d V iv e la R e u bli u e they sank lower, they crie p q , and went down with r her . It is ce tain her officers survived .
: . 1 S 95 . A . L . , Toulon, Sept 7 , 7 CHENIER ( Marie - Andre de )
o 25 1 94 an d . Guill tined at Paris , July , 7 Poet diplomat Under 17 88 at t ac he M de la Luzerne, in , he served as at the English
1 90. u 1 90 Court and remained in London until 7 In A g , 7 , he pub ’ l is h e d A v is an e u l e r an is s u r r e s v e r it abl e s e n n e m is his p p F co , and
this present letter is in reference to this production . The Revo
l u t io n ary party regarded him as an enemy . He hid him self long as fi 8 1 94 in Versailles . He w , nally, March , 7 , arrested and _ carried r to Saint Lazare . Here he wrote that poem immo talizing a fellow r A im ee la Je u n e C a t iv e o p isoner, de Coigny as p , borr wing poetic o f o license, since the object his devoti n had been married ten years
-
. r before t o the Comte de Rossay Fleu y . He was tried and con ’ f t wo s de m n e d . , going to the scaf old day before Robespierre s fall a t On his road to the guillotine, in a half bewildered w y , he s ruck re his fo head as if he had been reviewing the things accomplished, : A n d e t t he r e was s m e t hin t h er e " exclaiming y o g 18 1 90 . 7 . . S . A L , Paris , Nov , , to the King of Poland .
P . I . 62
TR E N CK . ( Friedrich ) Baron de . '
25 1 94 . 13 wo n t t Guillotined at Paris, July , 7 At he a repu a ion at 14 ' e . the University, and at he won a fencing bout from a mast r He en tered Co ur t life at 1 8 an d met around Frederick the Great as a Mau e rt iu s L am e t t e ie such men Volt ire, p and r His evil star
arose whe n the Princess Amelie fell in love with him . The King i e a 68 impr son d him , and it is s id at times he had pounds of irons
h is . s upon person His life was made up of arrests and escape . ' He went into France during the Revolution and posed as a Jac o b At the scaffold h e made a scene and the executioner was obliged to
hold down his head by force .
.t o t . 3 1 93. A . L . S Paris , the Conven ion, Aug , 7
P . I . Z r BA RERE DE V I E U A C ( Bert and ) . e e o . Conventi nn l and regicide It was Bar re who , as a member o f the Committee of Public Safety, had general supervision o ver t h e o f B e l n ‘ o n e F te the Supreme g, celebrated June he h 9t h l was wit Robespierre up to the thermidor , when he sudden y l turned, attacking him in the Convention and ca ling him a l monster whom they s hou d punish .
7 . D . S . 93 , May, 1 I
e - DAVID ( Jac qu s Louis ) . Artist and legislator ; Conventionnel and regicide ; he put upo n e e r m e n as canvas several scenes of the R volution, such as the S t Je u de P au m e D e r n i e r s M m e n t s de Mi c h e l L e P e lle t ie r Ma/rat , o ,
ir t . 1 e E w an &c &c . u o p , A st ong s pporter of R bespierre, he turn d
h e o . upon him w en he f ll . B naparte made him first Court painter
H . 7 e was obliged to leave France under Louis XVIII On May , 17 94 l an , Robespierre proposed his p for disproving the charge of Atheism and materialism brought against France by intro o f du c in g a Fete t o the Supreme Being . While the Committee
Public Safety had general direction, David was charged with t devising tabl eaux and costumes . The fete was o be observed on 2 21 1 7 fo r t o o prairial ( May , 94) but the time preparation was
was t o 8 . brief, and it postponed June The peo ple first gathered i n — — the Jardin National Tuileries Where Robespierre, Presi
“
fo r da e . I n flam m abl e s dent that y , I made his sp ech tatues of Am Atheism, bition, Egoism , Discord and False Simplicity were A n was a then burned . imitation mountain erected on the Ch mp de - Mars to represent an altar, and from its summit arose a tree o d of liberty . The pe ple, having proceede thither , old men and s e their son , women and their daughters , sang alternat strophes
‘
o f a m o a . Hy n, the entire pe ple joining in the fin l verse Flowers innumerable were dis t i ibu t e d about the altar by maidens wi th s ar t il l e 1 — their eyes raised to heaven, and salvo of y interpreting national vengeance on the enemies of France — were repeatedly
fired . The entertainment ended With a warlike song, indicating
coming victory .
’ e a - d o - di t l A u de DAVID ( Al x ndre E m nde Delisle, David de ) 1 7 92 t o n . 7 Elected the Co vention Sept , as an alternate member , a 12 1 93 T o he only obt ined a seat on Dec . , 7 distinguish himself e from his talent d namesake, he habitually signed himself as from ’A L u de .
h a x . 1 . E e s e r u l e D e c . 3 1 794 c s D . , See jeune
E rn SAR R TTE ( Be ard ) . ' —" at N o v . 27 1 7 65 Born Bordeaux , died at Paris April Musical composer ; commander of the music of the Paris 63
N ational Guards ; fir s t director and founder of the Conservatory as fe w of Music . It w Sarrette to whom Robespierre confided a t he e o f 8 17 94 ' t h e days before F te _ the Supreme Being ( June , ) ’ e n o t music, ordering, first, that Ch nier s hymn should be sung, fo r s e c n d but other words written it ; and, o , that the people
should be tau ght to sing whatever hymn. was provided .
02. . S . 15 1 8 A L . , April ,
CHE Nl E R ( Jo s e ph - Marie - Blaise de ) ‘ Conventionnel and regicide ; he has been and always Will be ' criticised for not pu tting forth ‘ more effort to save his brother ’ Andre s life ; this charge he himself tried t o refute in his ' ’ t l o l i e hi s e E pi r e s u r l a C a m n . Shortly before broth r s death he f composed his famous C hant da D epar t . He was the author o ’ H m n e a l E t r e S u r em e e that still more remarkable y p , compos d ' ’ for the F et e de l E t r e S u pr em e t o b e held 20 prairial Year II ' 8 a e e s t o s e t m ( June , B r re had engaged Go s e this H y n t o ‘ a music, that it might be performed on that occ sion, but When Robespierre u n derstood this part o f the pro gramme he positively
forbade the use of the Hym n .
P .
DE S OR GU E S Jo s eph - Theodore ) Poet and dramatist ; he was deformed and not o f a pleasing ’ personality ; his verses o f the H ymn e a l E t r e S u pr em e were m 1 4 ne s e 8 79 . H m wa co posed, hurriedly, for the f te June , The y o s s e c composed by order of Robespierre . G wrote the music for the verses and they were sung by the people at the Jardin ’ N o r . m P ere de l U n i/ve r s e ational, Tuileries This Hy n begins , l e i a h e P e t i hoc r o r t e s s t C u . S u p em e I n lige n c . It known t S me
' - say this Hym n was sung at the Champ de Mars .
S . A . L . ,
GOS SE C ( Franc ois - Joseph ) Musical composer and author o f the music accompanying the D e s or u e ' Hymn to the Supreme Being, by g s The music for the m n as o Hy written by M . J Chenier W als composed by Go s s ec ; m h n i e 1 4 as he published his S y p o s in 75 , and w the co mpos er o f much church music ; the efforts put forth by him on June 7 1 94 fo r , 7 , to provide music the fete of the following day showed
remarkable readiness of compositio n .
. . . 29 S s . 1807 A D , Pari , Oct , , in which he swears loyalty to the
Empire and the Emperor .
- - C - Ze n o t i a CHERUBINI ( Luigi Maria arlo Salv tore ) . P Eminent musical composer ; settled in aris , he became an
active Republican during the Revolution . When Robespierre
rejected the Hymn to the Supreme , Being composed by Chenier D e s o r u e s o s and g , words were hastily set to music by G s e c for the
e o f 8 17 94 . C he bu r in i h F te June , It was w o went about the streets singing to the crowd from balconies and teaching them
the air t o be sung the following day .
. S . . 26 1 831 . A L . , Paris, Jan ,
P .
- 90. 3 MEH UL ( Etienne Henri ) . Musical composer and Director of the Conservatoire de Musique ’ . . C han t d e he composed the music for M J Chenier s u d par t . e On the day before the grand F te to the Supreme Being, 20t h 8 1 7 94 s o s s e c prairial , June , , he as isted G in teaching the peo ple 64
s r the mu ic for the Hymn to be sung, going through certain st eets l and squares with his vio in .
S . A . L . ,
'
1 C . 39 . ATEL Charles Simon ) He shares with Go s s e c and Mehul the honours of writing the mus 1 c for the Revolutionary fetes ; one of his best known pieces
“ s e e h b e is the Ode s u r l e v ai s au te V eng u r . W en the Revolution
' t h du e . gan he lived in e Hotel D sir , Faubourg St Denis, and he
immediately enrolled himself in the National Guard .
2 1 825 . A . L . S , Paris, Jan . 1,
- 392. BERTON ( Henri Montan ) . ’ ' m an d o n c o - l abo rat e u r Musical co poser s of Gluck s friend and ,
“ Pierre Montan ; durin g the Revolution he composed many hymn s
and songs for the public fetes .
21 1 7 94 . . S . . D , Paris, Oct ,
GA V E A U X ( ) . Pierre I Comedian and musical composer ; after the fall of Robespierre o T r u e d r ée o he turned vi lent Royalist, leading the o p o , the rea t io ni s t s in Paris , and whose representatives in other parts of n e W hit e Fra ce introduc d that dreadful reactionary expression, the T e r r r t h e e o n o , Where ancient r gime revenged the aristocrats the 1 8 12 f Revolutionists . In his mind became af ected, and, although
making a momentary recovery, he finally died in an asylum . G av e au x e R év e il da P e u le composed the celebrat d hymn, the p ,
which excited t h e en thusias m of the Royalists .
m a . 23 1 8 12. S . A . L . , ( Private Asylu ) P ris, Sept ,
P .
. i ROBESPIERRE ( fam ly) DE . r i in O g al notarial document relating to the family . The family — 1 s supposed to have had an Iri s h origin and to have settled in France on account of the religious persecutions under Henry
. a e R be r t r VIII The name may h ve be n a union of o t and P e e , or
it may have been originally Robert S pie r r e . As this document
shows, the family had long been living at Carvin and at Arras r n a in A tois , and had long bee using the ristocratic prefix dc '
. h ad e v s a an d before their name They numb red ad ocate , not ries
o f . t procureurs . consequence for generations The presen document e t o e o f a en‘ e s t rela"t s the marriag Maximili de Rob pierre, Advoca e P a - to the rovincial Council of Artois , to Marie Margerite i P o t au o f . Francois , daughter of a bourgeois Artois
. S . a an . 14 17 34 a Man e s s ie r D , Arr s , J , , by the Royal Not ry . S ROBE PIERRE ( Maximilien s e e below) DE . This is o n e of the three or four examples kno wn of the great
Revolutionist in which he thus employe d the aristocratic prefix . in “ He signed the oath the Jeu de Paume in this way, and in the ' Musée de C ar n aval e t at Paris there is a card of admission to the
21 17 90. r s National Assembly, dated June , The p e ent document bu t is mutilated, the date can be fixed as between Aug . 30 and
- . 1 1 17 e e Sept , at which time Henri Joseph de Jess was Presid nt ,
in which capacity he he re signs himself . Thus the present is “ t t h e o . o f e believed be latest example of this form the signatu r .
. R o be s ie n e and D S , de p many other members of the Assembly .
E E E - ROB SPI RR ( Maximilien Marie Isidore ) .
e s 28 1 7 94 . Guillotin d at Pari , July , The most conspicuous figure connected with the Revolution ; in his school days he is said t o have been inconsolable over the death of a pigeon ;
66
as t o e s c afio l d o n he w taken the Conci rgerie , and went to the
. 2 1 4 8 9 o . July , 7 , with his br ther
. . S . . 1 1 7 9 3. A L , Grasse, Sept ,
ROBE SPIERRE ( Marie Marguerite ”Charlotte )
When Maximilien became a Deputy t o the Convention, she joined him at the Duplay house in Rue Saint Honore at present 39 8 No . she quarrelled with her brother , but was arrested after t h e 9t h o f thermidor ; she s o convinced the enemies o f Maxi t l milieu o f her want of sympa hy with him, that they not on y bu t n a e released her, g9 ave her a pensio of fr ncs , reduc d
t o 1 00 s e . gradually , 5 i but alway continu d until her death ; she
de l a . N o . 3 died at Rue de la Fontaine, now Rue Petis
1 0 e . . 79 A . L S . , Arras, , to her brother, Maximili n
P .
- SAINT JU ST ( Antoine Louis Leon de) . had Guillotined at Paris, July He just finished his studies at Soissons as the Revolution began ; at first he s erved in the National Guard ; he was elected member o f t he Convention 1 7 92 in Sept . , , and voted for the death of the King Without 1 e r ie v e 1 1 1 7 9 3 e p ; on July , , he enter d the Committee of Public b e e Safety, where consistently represented Rob spierre ; he was particularly serviceable in military affair s and made a mission t o - r e the Bas Rhin, and late to the Army of the North ; h in vain support ed Robespierre in the Convention o n 9t h thermidor ;
arrested, he asked Lebas to shoot him, but the latter turned the pistol on himself ; arrived at t h e Co nciergerie and seeing the grea t ’ D r it de l H o m m e : I am h e wh o picture of the o s , he exclaimed t t m ade hat doc u m e n .
. . S . . 1 1 794 . A L , Feb ,
P . I .
C OU T H ON ( Georges - Auguste ) i 28 Gu llotined at Paris , , Advocate, and forming with _ July Robespierre and St . Just the great Revolutionary Triumvirate .
On . 9 1 7 9 1 c t o s . Sept , , he was ele ted the Legi lative Assembly Even
at this time he was affected with paralysis o f the legs . The chair l n o w C arn av a e t . . 6 in which he was rolled is in the Musée Sept ,
1 7 92 was o f C o . , he elected member the onventi n He voted for the a o n death of the King . He was n med the Committ ee o f Public Safety in 17 93 and went o n the mission t o the South when Lyons ’ o . 1 94 h e e was to be destr yed On May 7 , 7 mov d that Robespierre s address o n the Supreme Being shou ldbe printed in every tongu e i and d sseminated throughout the world . Arrested with Robe e o o pierre, he wounded himself with a p ignard as the tro ps of the
Conve ntion entered the Hotel de Ville .
. S . 366 . o e o f A L . , Paris , Rue St H nor ( the old number the 12 2 17 9 . Duplay house ) , March ,
P . I .
' E LACOST ( Elie ) . 1 4 e n . 1 94 Conv ntio nel and regicide On June , 7 , he made his o f report att acking the surviving influence Dant on and Delacroix . t h -t o C o u t o n S . Lacoste first gave , Just and Robespierre the title r i v ir at e of T u m . As a member of the Committee of Public Surety
o . Th e e he was m st energetic pr sent document, signed by Amar, L av ic o m t er ie V o u ll an d o f and , is the original order arrest for
three suspects .
15 1 94. S . 7 L . , Paris, May , 6 7
402 - . PAYAN ( Claude Francois ) .
28 1 94 . Guillotined at Paris , July , 7 Agent for the Commune hi ff of Paris . Devoted to Robespierre he urged s noticing the a air
T h eo t , , W of Catherine the religious —fanatic hose claim of divinity for Robespierre was injuring him s e e Gerle . He called together o 9t h the Executive Committee f . the Commune on the night of and
l 0t h r ff t o o . thermidor, but . thei e orts came late 1 1 4 S . 7 9 . L. , Paris, May 7 , L E BAS ( Philippe - Franco is - Joseph )
28 17 94. Killed himself at Paris , July , Conventionnel and ’ e u s . a r gicide . The most eful of Robespierre s agents The l tter
- D u wh o m . presented him to the play family, with he resided, and as 1 3 e . 9 a result, Le Bas marri d , in Aug , 7 , Elizabeth, the youngest 14 1 93 of the four daughters . On Sept . , 7 , he was named on the Committee o f General Surety and then went on a mission with
o f . St . Just to the Army the Rhine The present letter was written
P ic he ru . while o n this mission and refers to St . Just and Gen . g He defended Robespierre - o n 9t h thermidor an d then demanded H t o be arrested with his lead er . e had long been known as ’
l E c o u t e u r . de Robespierre At the Hotel de Ville he tried, with e t o t o r o d H nriot, call a ms the secti ns but failed . He then kille
himself with a pistol .
. S . . 1 1 17 93. A . L , Strasburg, Oct ,
L E U I N I O D KE R B L A Y - Q E ( Joseph Marie ) . -H e e o f t he Conventionnel and regicide . pr posed the honours e h e Panth on for Rousseau . After the 9t thermidor he was decr ed in arrest on account of the complaints from the various localities
in which he had been on missions during the Terror, but he escaped . was 14 1 8 t o 7 9 5 00. He elected, April , , the Council of He served
as a sort of Consul in the United . States under Bonaparte . It was L e qu in io wh o originated the design atio n la Mo n t agn e in
2 1 1 . a a speech before the Legislative Assembly, Oct . 7 , 79 He s id o French citizens , you have honoured us with your c nfidence, your esteem has lifted us to the height o f the Mou n t ain whence we over ” o o f . r lo k the rest the realm This term intended to desc ibe, o o n o f L e u in io figuratively, the locati n elevated benches q and ’
Robespierre s party, fastened itself permanently both in , the Assem
bly and in the Convention . Very early in the National Assembly the delegates signified their political affiliatio ns accordingly as they ’ le t o r r i ht s r sat at the f g of the Pre ident s platform . In this fi st l e t ac o bin o r legislative body the f represented the J radical view, r i ht n and the g the moderate party . Whe , however, the members ’ u e complained of the aco stic qualities of the Man ge, the President s
chair was moved to the Tribune side, and that was transferred to ’ the President s platform . The members then rearranged their r i h t l e t seats , the g becoming the radicals and the f the moderates . 10 1 93 e On May , 7 , the Convention left the Man ge and held its S alle de s Mac hin e s sessions at the Tuileries in the .
3. . S . A L . , Paris, May
JULLIEN DE PARIS ( Marc - Antoine )
Educator and publiciste . He was a son of Jullien, Deputy fro m T e r r r o . the Dr me During the o , young as he was , he was a mem E C o f ber of the xecutive ommission Public Instruction, and in this f capacity was employed to visit the dif erent Departments of France .
He was an ardent Jacobin, and when he returned from one o f his h h arr an u e d 15 1 7 visits e g the Club ( May , representing its s n a o f friend as mour ing the l ssitude the Society, and urging it t o
renewed activity . This young man was doubtless the tool o f the
Committee of Public Safety, and was probably s en t th rough 68
the diff erent Departments t o keep surveillance over the Commis s io n e r s appointed by the Convention and t o repor t concerning them t o the Committee composed at that moment of Jac o bin s .
. . S . 1 9 1 833 A L , Paris, March , .
LOUCHET ( Louis ) .
Conventionnel and regicide ; Professor and Le gislator . After o f wards he became an adversary Robespierre, whose arrest he o n 27 17 94 was o demanded July , , and as a matter of record it n his
motion that Robespierre was declared in arrest . Made member o f C the ommittee of Public Surety, he became one of its most act ive
members . The present pi ece is his original order of transfer from the o f o f t wo o prison Plessis to that the Luxembourg, of the pris ners ,
Maurice Duplay, the carpenter with whom Robespierre live d at
- . 398 . e u the present No Rue St Honor , and Jacques Ma rice Duplay,
. 28 1 4 his son They had been in Plessis since July , 7 9 .
. S . i . 1 95 . D , Par s, Jan 7 , 7
V A DI E R ( Marc - Guil laume - Albert) T Conventionnel and regicide . hro ugh ridicule he greatly 26 - 2 r e weakened Robespierre by accusations ( July 7 , of
l at io n s hi a Theo t . p with C therine , and her religious cult This aged d woman supporte or employed by an unfrocked priest, Gerle S o n Go d was pretended to have reincarnated the of , and the claim i advanced that Ro bespierre was t h s person . The enemies of the ff V adie e latter e ected her arrest and trial, and r read the expos to
the Convention .
S . . 10 1 94. D . , Aug , 7
- h i i do m C al n . GERLE ( Christophe Antoine , ) t he Deputy from the Cl ergy to the Etats Généraux . He became High Priest and Master of Ceremonies to Catherine T h eo t in the m mum eries practiced in her house, situated in the Rue Contrescarpe ’ f e t i n de l Obs e r vat o ir e . C o o in the S c o The mmittee Public Safety, r hostile to Robespier e , employed a spy to join the sect, and his — — revelatio ns connecting Robespierre with this society were
adie r t o o . r r repeated by V the Conventi n In after yea s, su viving t h e o f s Terror, he was ashamed his work and assumed, as the pre ent ’
r am . letter shows , his mothe s n e be ll S . Re u . A . L . , to
DU R A ND DE MAILLANE ( Pierre - Toussaint ) fo r Conventionnel . He voted the imprisonment of the King until t o ac o bin s . the Peace He became an enemy the J I , and pronounced e himself against Robespierre on 9t h thermidor . He represent d the o f o r o f Mar ais t party the Moderates the , in dis inction from the t ai Mou n n .
. 6 1789 . S . A . L . , Versailles , Sept ,
- B E N TA B OL E ( Pierre Louis ) .
. 4 1792 C o n Advocate and legislator . Elected Sept , , to the
M u n t ain . v e n t io n , he joined the o party He voted for the death of : A s a u d e I in u ir e i Ju s ti c e i s t o be we i he d the King, saying j g q f g an d m e as u r e d by t wo diffe r e n t s t an dar ds ; as a l e gi s lat or I op e n t he law an d t h er e I n d wr i t t e n de at h an d s o I r o t h e book o f fi , p o f n o u n c e de at h . He was a friend Danton and ever after his
execution enter tained the m ost violent hatred against Robespierre . On the 8th thermidor he precipitated the conflict by his opposition ’ to the distribution of Robespierre s speech . The friends o f the
latter had succeeded in decreeing that the speech should be printed. ~Be n t ab o l e The Convention appeared to be yielding, when turned 69
the wing of the Robespierre army and Opened t h e way fo r his s u fii c ie n t l defeat . This . parliamentary service has never been y
r . 0 app eciated He served in the Council of 5 0.
. S . . 29 17 94 . D , Paris , Nov ,
TA L L I E N ( Jean - Lambert ) e ‘ t f t he C o n v n t io n n e l an d regicide . A the beginning o Revolution he became overseer o f the Mo n i t e u r j oining the Jacobins he was
n o r . e x made ta y to the Commune of Paris S nt to Bordeau , he at
n . first showed great violence ; then, u der the influence of Mlle — r T allie n - h e Cabar u s see Madame moderated his severity, and a this earned him the distrust of Ro bespierre . He was at the he d e ff o rt t of what concerted here was against Robespierre, and on the 9t h m ther idor he made the accusation, and drew his dagger in the C Tribune , asserting that if the onvention did not dare act he
would kill him himself .
. S 13 A L . . , Paris, June ,
P . I .
TA L L I E N - - her ezia n ee ( Jeanne Marie T de Fontenai, Cabarrus )
Madame .
Remarkable woman, to whom France in a large measure owed
her release from the Terror . Married to the Marquis de Fontenai 1 6 1 1 t o at years of age, she had, in 7 9 , a salon in Paris which L am e t h n d s . Lafayette, the a others came She found herself at
1 4 l l . . 9 T a ie n 9 Bordeaux in Jan , 7 , when, as wrote home on Jan to T he Mi lit ar m m is s i n e r s ar e m akin t h e he ads the Convention, y C o o g t all t o f . She so influenced him that he became modera ed in his
course, and from that hour found himself suspected by Robespierre . T all ie n When was recalled to Paris she followed him, and was 26 1 94 imprisoned in La Force by Robespierre . On July , 7 , she wrot e to T al l ie n that the Superin tenden t of Police had to ld her she was to go to the Tribunal and the scaffold on the following T al l e n i . day, and urging to strike at once This letter nerved the ’ t h conspirator s hand and on the next day, 9 thermidor, it struck T ie n t h e . o m all at tyrant The f llowing December she arried , and
it was in her salon that Bonaparte and Barras met, although e t already kn own to each other . It was also there that she pr sen ed t o n a T allie n Bonaparte Madame de Beauhar is . Her daughter by T h e r m id r d Ou r L ad was christened o , and she herself was calle y o i c t r u ad Me r c f V o y and O r L y of y .
. . C . S A L , as Princesse de himay .
P .
B I L L A U D - VARENNE Jac qu e s - Nicolas
Conventionnel and regicide . Musician and Professor . Wrote
M r an t o . an opera, o g , which being rejected, led his going to Paris 2 1 a Go r in din s . . 9 93 He fought ag inst the Sept , 7 , he caused the
Criminal Court to be called the Revolutionary Tribunal . On the t h r r T al lie n e 9 the midor he played a pa t only second to and Bar re, 29 1 94 at the session of July , 7 , gives him the credit of tearing away the patriotic mask With which Robespierre had covered him T all ie n self . That the credit really belonged to is plain from : I t as T u llic h r e the universal acclaim then made w . When the
N o v . 4 1 94 actionary movement came, , 7 , he denounced those wh o 11 were trying to halt the Revolution and lose the Republic . 0 ’ 1 1 9 i o o e as April , 7 5 , w th C ll t d Herbois , Bar re and others he w
accused and co ndemned to deportatio n . He was in Gu yan n e for
twenty years . 24 1 4 S . 9 . D . , June , 7
P . 70
’ 4 1 - 4 . BOURDON DE L OISE ( Francois Louis ) .
Conventionnel and regicide . He was o n e o f the most Vl o l e n t 2 1 94 against Robespierre on July 7, 7 , and he continued to oppose M u n t ai n to the last the o .
. S . 2 . 6 1 94 D , Paris, Sept , 7 .
- - - 4 15 . RA BAR S ( Paul Francois Jean Nicolas ) . ’ an d o f P o -n dic h r He adopted a soldier s career, at the seige e y he was Captain of a regiment . Finding hims elf in Paris he was i active at the tak ng of the Bastille . He affiliated with the — o . 1 92 Jac bins see Barnave On Sept . 7 , 7 , he was elected to the
. t e d .y o h e Convention He for the death of t King and . seated him o u M t i self the ou n a n . When T allie n an d others were preparing t o o n 9t h their plans defeat Robespierre thermidor, the charge of de fe n din t h e o r e h im an d g C nvention against Hau i t was given to _ he e quickly took the o ffensive . H was elected Secretary o f t he C o n '
v e n t io n o u . 3 1 7 94 o n 4 1 9 . Aug , , and President Feb . , 7 5 He was fi 4 1 . 95 . again a central gure on Oct , 7
A . L . S .
P . I .
' - - 4 1 6 . BOUR DON DE LA CRONIE RE ( Louis Jean Joseph t Conventionnel and regicide . On the 9 h thermidor it was he who headed the tro o ps o f the Co nvention first reaching the Hotel de
Ville , marching by way of the Quais while Barras marched thro ugh a t the Rue S int Honore . Implica ed in the insurrectio n o f March 28 1 95 , 7 , he was arrested and imprisoned at Ham .
S . . A . L . , as President MER LIN DE THIONVILL E ( Antoine - Christophe )
H e 2. . 10 1 . was active on Aug , 7 9 Conventionnel and regicide I an d 2 1 4 o . 9 He defended Danton opp sed Robespierre On July 7 , 7 , he was amo ng the first to enter the Hotel de Ville with troops of C a o wn the onvention, having alre dy with his hand put under — n H an r io t wh o r . arrest Ge . was released by some d unken soldiers He became a member of the Council of 5 00 and retired during the
Consulate .
199 . See No .
N o v . 14 1 93. . S . 7 A . L , Paris , ,
THERMIDOR 9 . Original report made t o Barras by the Commander V in c e n o t of n o o t h e the Seco d Battalion detailing, m ment by m ment , events of ' 2 —2 1 4 wh o o e 8 9 . July 7 , 7 It was he ann unced to the p ople the
decrees issued by the C o nventio n against Hau rie t and Ro bespierre .
RM 9 . THE IDOR I o f o H an r io t Original order the C nvention for the arrest of , Robe o f s pie r r e an d their friends . It was written during the night July
- 2 28 1 94 s Mo n n e l . 7 , 7 , and is igned by , Bezard and A Dumont,
Secretaries .
THERMIDOR 9 . Original order o f the Tuileries Section of the Committe of Sur o n ff C o u t h o n n v e ill an c e for placing seals the e ects of , sig ed by the
- 27 28 1 7 94 . Commit tee and written during the night of July , ’ ‘ H A N R I OI ( Francois ) .
28 17 94. Guillotined at Paris , July , General of the National ' t Guard . He was devo ed to Robespierre, and had it in his power
on 9t h thermidor t o have saved him and his cause . He comp letely r H an rio t lost his head, and while Ba ras was active , made error t a o m - afte r erro r, hesi ting, c unter anding, permitting a rain storm o to interfere with his work, and finally yielding, with ut a struggle , wh o o n J 27 17 94 to the forces o f the Convention . It was he , uly , 7 1
when 45 condemned were in the C haret t e s on the way to the " ' f o t o s t o o t scaf old and the pe ple wearied of blood desired p the c r age , a t o o n drew his sabre and compelled the c rts go their way. This is T he L as t a i scene represented in a famous picture called C h r ot .
. S . Oc t . 5 1 93. D , Paris, , 7
P . I .
SI A r J S ( Prospe ) .
' 29 1 94 . o Guillotined at Paris , July , 7 Strong Jac bin and mem
f . o was N o v . 1 ber the Commune When Le Peletier President, 7 , - 1 92 as . 7 , he w Secretary When early in the year 1794 the Jac o bin s o e E s o t were c ncern d with a possible ngli h rev lu ion, during which Si as was the French should cross over and help their brethren, j
full of suggestions . He complained that his associate , Pile , Com n t c o missio er to the Army, kep secrets from him, so that he uld not r car y information to the Committee of Public Safety . On the 9t h thermidor he was o n e of the most active in stirring the C o m o o mune to an insurrecti nary attitude t ward the Convention, and
two days later he went to the guillotine .
. S . . 1 17 93. L , Paris, Aug , PAYAN Jo s e ph - Franc ois
He was named the Commissio ner of Public Instruction in 17 94 . ’ e an d t e He was a fri nd of Robespierre, after the lat er s fall, Bar re, 29 o at the session of July , attacked him for his c mplicity with the
triumvirate . His particular part in the plot was to compose and 9t h publish tracts in the interest of Robespierre . On the night of a c thermidor, at the Hotel de Ville, pro lamation was issued by the “ t o o n Revolutionary Committee, which Payan signed his name and which Robespierre had already sign ed the first t wo letters of his R o name, , when the forces of the Convention entered the hall and, e o n eith r by his w hand or that of a member of the attacking party, f as o o . he w sh t, the drops blood spattering on the paper
. . S . . 2 1 96 . A L , Paris , Jan , 7 : I E ZA BARERE DE V U C ( Bertrand ) . Deputy from the Third Estate t o the Etats Généraux ; he r e pr e o L e P in t - da - J u /r sented the liberal element both in his j urnal , o o ,
and in the Convention ; he was elected to the Convention Sept . 4 1 792 h e , , where he is numbered among the regicides ; was known t i e 9t h o have been w th Robespierre the night befor thermidor , yet on the day following that event we find him denouncing him as
a monster .
. S . 1 7 9 3. D , May,
LEGENDRE ( Louis ) .
s o . o n 12 1 7 89 Master butcher and legi lat r It was he who , July , , ’ led a procession carrying the busts of Necker and the D u e d Or leans ; both at the taking of the Bastille and at Versailles on
. 5 1 789 a Oct , , he had n active part ; he was one of the principal movers in the petition of the people for the de t h r o n m e n t of the King ; he was a member of the Committee of General Surety ;
o f h e al e n t nf o n . enemy the Girondins , himself to their dow all May
31 . 2 1 793 9t h s and June , ; on the thermidor, he attacked Robe a n pierre, and some time that night he c me into the Conve tion, o f : amid the plaudits the members , exclaiming I have closed
a . o the doors of the J cobins , and here are the keys He f llowed an d h e wh o the Mountain party to the end, it was pressed the t i arrest o f the L as t of t he Mou n a n . At his death he left his body to the medical faculty .
. S . s . 7 1 7 94 . D , Pari , Aug ,
P . I . 7 2
RUH L ( Philippe Jacques ) . t n Committed suicide at Paris, May Son of a Lu hera was l n pastor, he educated theology, and became rector of a church i n ed o f v Durkheim ; he enter into the spirit the Re olution, and
- was appointed administrator for the Bas Rhin, from which district 1 he was elected in 17 9 to the Legislative Assembly, denouncing
. 2 17 9 1 the Cardinal Rohan Nov 5 , ; elected to the Convention, he was sent on several important missions ; he was absent during ’ all the questions voted o n at the King s trial save the amendment o n h to submit the matter to the people, whic he voted in the h e a o n o f e negative ; w s e the nine to submit, in writing, his vot ’ was n o t e d was who for the King s death, but it count ; it he , in
. 1 792 Aug , , prosecuted Dietrich, Mayor of Strasburg ; he served on ‘ 25 1 93 a11d o n Co m the Committee of Public Safety, March , 7 , the 7 was P r e s ide n t i t e o f . 14 1 93 m t e General Surety Sept , ; he of the
o 6 1 794 . n o s C nvention March , Robespierre had warmer upporter,
and his identification with the Mo u n t ain party . was never c o n c e al e d o f Ma 20 1 795 b e c o m by him ; arrested on the morning y , ,
m it t e d . suicide, while still in his house, with his dagger A E I A X E SC H S S R U ( Joseph) . Conventionnel and regicide ; it was as a member of the Com 1 4 1 7 94 m it t e e . of Public Safety that he reported, Aug , , the proper o f s o method receiving Jame Monroe, Minister Plenipotentiary fr m the United States t o the government o f what Monroe himself i m r o called their R épu bl qu e S u . It was a questi n of some moment
as to the form and ceremony t o obtain o n that occasion . On the d following day Monroe appeare in the Convention, being placed t in the cen re of the Salle opposite President Merlin de Douai, who e s announced that as the Minister did not sp ak French, his addres
in that language would be read . His credentials were signed by a President Washingto n and Edmond R ndolph , Secretary of State,
e 28 1 7 94 . and dat d at Philadelphia, May , President Merlin then
ac c lade o r . was n gave the Minister the o , fraternal kiss It the i decreed, on the motion of Mo se Bayle, that the French flag and the flag o f the United States should be intertwined to indicate the E s h a eriau x friendship and eternal alliance . c s s was elected to the
5 00 it s 17 96 . Council of , becoming secretary in May,
. S . . 1 7 17 94. D , Paris, Sept , ARM ON V ILLE ( Jean - Baptiste ) Workman and legislator ; he was o n e of the only two members of the C onvention representing the labo urin g classes when he was 3 17 92 elected, Sept . , ; he greatly admired Marat, and sat beside him o n the Mou n t ain ; regicide ; o n the 28t h December he appeared at the Tribune before the Convention with the bon n e t r ou ge upon u l his head . Charlier called attention t o the parliamentary r e
o n e . . that should speak with uncovered head A scene ens ued . Duroy suggested putting the bonn e t o n the bust of Marat orna
m e n t in . e an d e d g the Tribune Armonville compli d, then proc ede l e s c u in s to explain his part, calling oq all those who had tried
. 7 17 95 to close the Jacobin Club At the session of March , , the was a e seance was interrupted , and a scene caused in caf near by when it was announced that Armonville was intoxicated and was insulting citizens ; when his m ahi dat expired he returned t o Reims
and resumed his trade .
. S . 21 17 94. D , Paris, March ,
H - U GUET ( Marc Antoine ) .
. 9 1 7 96 . Executed in Paris, Oct , Conventionnel and regicide ; s prie t and legislator ; the Mountain had in him a strong supporter , o n 12 111 1 1 7 and the Germinal Year ( April , 95 ) h e encouraged
7 4
2 1 179 was after t he scenes of t he 1 germinal ( April , 5 ) he o ho had e o accused of pandering to the pe ple, w enter d the Conventi n
a . t h e m o b a crying for bre d With at his back, Prieur dem nded that the Convention should grant the people bread befo re they 20 retired from the hall ; he was ordered in arrest May , he es caped and died in exile ; he is t o be numbe red among the l as t o t h M u n t ai n wh o f e o , and among the last of those still hoped
for a Republican fo rm of government in France .
1 7 1 79 3. S . . A . D . , Rennes, Nov ,
P .
- - - GOU J ( a d ) . ON Jean M rie Clau e Alexandre I n 1 1 95 Killed himself at Paris, Ju e 7 , 7 ; he entered the navy as a an d was 12 t lad, only when he ook part in the battle of Ouessant, " " o fl F in is t ere ; Conventionnel he showed great bravery whe n with the army o f the Mos elle o n a mission from the Convention ; he o p ’ posed the return o f the surviving Girondins ; after Robespierre s fall a s a M u n t ai n he referred to him the Tyrant, although pronounced o ' e o f h a an d in u ir ed member himself ; h had a, premonition is de th, q I o f ad t o en e his physician the exact ro the heart ; wh condemn d, 17 1 7 95 as b on June , he w the first to sta himself, passing the
‘
1 6 . knife t o Romme . Goujon lived at No . 7 Rue Dominique
1 2 1 79 3. S . . D , Oct ,
I . P .
ROMME ( Charles - Gilbert) 1 7 1 7 9 Committed suicide at Paris , June , 5 ; scientist and t Conventionnel ; student of mathematics, he made many impor ant reports to that branch o f knowledge ; his investigations on the aerial telegraph were o f service to the army ; he voted fo r the o f s death the King, and as erted that only death could expiate his crimes ; he was arrested by the partisans o f the Giro ndins and confined in the prison at Caen for several months ; member o f
the Committee of Public Instruction, he made an elaborate report
. 1 9 1 798 t h e n ew on Sept , , on Republican Calendar to replace the
“ “ - 23 1 7 94 Gregorian see Calendar ; on Nov. , , he finally accused Carrier o f his crimes at Nantes ; although taking n o part ' in the
. n o f 20 1 95 t hat . all s i surrection l st prairial, May , 7 , he urged tho e arrested o n that occasio n should be set at liberty ; the following day he was placed in arrest and tried by the Military Comm is was 17 17 95 as sion ; he condemned on June , , and he and his com panions were de s c e n din g t h e steps from the court room he repeat e dl w y stabbed himself ith a knife, which, having been received was Du u e s n from Goujon, in turn passed to q o y all three were
. S o u br an an d killed by their own hands The other three, Duroy, y B o u rbo t t e w e , ounded, were carried to the Plac de la Revolution o e o and executed . R mm lived in the Vend me quarter, Rue Neuve
- du x 21 . Lu embourg No .
. L S . 30 17 8 A _ , July ,
.I . P .
— - DUQUE SN OY Ernest - Dominique Francois Jo s e ph ) h 17 1 795 r Killed imself at Paris, June , ; Conventionnel and e i _ g cide ; he sat with the L e ft in the Assembly and voted fo r the death o f t h e at t i King ; he s with the Mou n a n in the Convention . The
Girondins had no more bitter enemy. The Convention sent him '
o n t h e o f o N o v . 20 1 7 93 a mission to Army the N rth, and on , , he wrote : I will set o u t to morrow t o give an émétique revolution ” ’ naire t o the aristocrats of Douai "After Ro bespierre s fall b e retained his principles and was arres ted with the other extreme L as t o t he Mo u n t ain ’ Republicans, known as the f , he, like Romme 75
was and Go ujon, killed himself with a knife as judgment pro
n o u n 4 c . c ed against him ; he lived at No . 79 Rue Ni aise
“
A . . S . . 1 1 1 79 3. L , Guise, Oct ,
- DUROY ( Jc an Michel ) .
1 7 17 9 . Guillotined at Paris, June 5 Conventionnel and regi h e M t ai n o n cide ; joined the ou n faction, and although not active ‘ was the downfall of Robespierre, he arrested and condemned ; t o with so me of his fellows, he tried kill himself with the same
knife which stabbed Romme and Goujon, but failed, and he went 22 to t he scaff old with B o u rbo t t e and S o u b ran y ; he lived at No .
- - - Rue Neuve de la Co nvention .
. . S . 22 17 90. A D , June ,
SOU B R A N Y ( Pierre - Amable )
e 1 7 1 795 . Guillotin d at Paris, June , Conventionnel and regi n o f cide ; allied himself to the Mou n t ai n . I the insurrection the l t — 20 1 79 -h e s prairial May , 5 on of the most terrible days in s S o u br an w s the hi tory of the Revolution, y a named by the Paris Mo va t e/m was r e s o n rebels as Commander . The made to appear p an d - sible for the insurrection, and he his fellow members were arrested and condemned ; he struck himself with the same knife had Du u e s n o s o which killed Romme, Goujon and q y , and badly wounded himse lf that he had to be supported all the way to was o the scaffold, which erected in the Place de la Revoluti n ;
4 . 3 3 . e he lived at No . Rue St Honor in Paris
. S . 26 1794 . D , March , B OU R B OT T E ( Pierre ) .
1 7 17 95 . Guillotined at Paris, June , Conventionnel and regi cide ; he united with the Mou n t ain ; he was a man of great I was o n physical courage, and this characteristic displayed the o - in flic t e d s o f scaff ld ; after witnessing the death, by self wound , o t o three of his companions , he placidly m unted the steps the guillotine and began to addres s the people ; he was stopped and s made to bend his head to be strapped upon the block . It wa then discovered that the knife had not been raised since it fell upon B o u rb o t t e the last victim, and thus it became necessary to release d until the readful blade could be lifted o n high . This time he employed in resuming his talk t o those about the scaffold ; he was o f M n t ai n 10 - - the last the ou ; he lived at No . Neuve de Bons
Enfants . 2 S . 17 9 . L . , April 5 , 5
ME NOU Jean - Francois - Abdallah Deputy from the Nobility to the Etats Gén éraux ; he became a n strong Revolutionist , and, havi g studied the methods of war , he advanced rapidly until he was General of Division ; after the l s t 20 17 95 e P i e r of prairial ( May , ) he had be n substituted for c h g u as the General - ih - Chief o f Paris ; he failed the National C o n v e n was an d tion, when Barras appointed to guard the Convention,
t o . begged resign This resignation opened the way to Bonaparte .
1 1 806 . . S . A L . , Turin, July 5 ,
P . BONA PARTE ( Napoleon )
. 7 1 768 Born at Corte ( Corsica ) Jan , ; died at Longwood o n e e 5 1 821 t o Saint H l ne, May , ; admitted the military schoo l o f 7 9 23 1 7 . 1 7 1 4 Brienne, April , , he passed from there Oct , 78 , t o the o f s Ecole Militaire Pari ; after graduating, he became captain in
4t h . 6 1 7 92 the regiment , Feb , ; he fought at Avignon agains t t h e 1 . 9 1 92 the Federalists of South ; and, on Oct , 7 , he was made chief of th e 2n d battalion of artillery ; at the siege of Toulon he 7 6
wh o attracted the attention of Auguste R obespierre, gave the ’ o fiic e r d young great credit for the triumph there, and secure his promotion t o be General of Ar tillery ; he certainly had relat ions o t o a e with both R bespierres , and, according the sister, Ch rlott , Bona parte was their friend and sym pathizer ; accused by the members o was im of the C nvention, he suspended from his functions and prisoned at Antibes ( where he afterwards made his landi ng from
. 9 17 94 . wa . 20 Elba) Aug , He s released Aug , on his protesting that he had been deceived by the younger Robespierre ; he was 1 7 O t . 3 95 in Paris , unemployed, when Barras , on c , , made him Commander ( under himself ) of the troops selected to defend the “ Convention again st the mob and o l d revolutionists who were
crying for bread and the Constitution of 1 7 9 3. Shortly after mid
o n . 4 1 7 95 night, Oct , , Barras, who had learned the true situation e was e from M nou, and that the Convention unprot cted by cannon, an d s further that the only available gun were at the Camp Sablons ,
ordered Bonaparte t o sec u re them and bring them to the Tuileries . a r - o f 2 Bonap rte immediately ordered Murat, Majo the l st Chas 2 scurs, t o ride swiftly to the Camp Sablons , reaching there at ’ h w t h e o clock , and fig ting his way ith a column of Commune or S e c t io n i s t s bent o n the same errand ; he brought the guns t o ’ s Bonaparte at 6 o clock in t he morning . The insurrectioni ts had
. e occupied the Church of St . Roch in the Rue St Honor , and on
this edifice Bonaparte fired . Bonaparte and his cannon ended the French Revolution 2 e S . . 1 7 93 B u n a a/r t D . , Oct , , as o p , a form which he at first in difie re n t l a m m a r used y with th t more co on form, fte ward used
exclusively .
MU RAT ( Joachim) .
. 1 3 1 8 1 5 o f Killed at Pizzo , Oct , ; student theology, he was 30 79 1 dismissed and , on May , 1 , obtained a position in the guard o f Louis XVI ; he was promoted to a cavalry regiment and made campaigns o f C hampagne and the Pyrenees when Marat was
assassinated, he is said to have written to the Jacobins that he
desired t o change his name from Murat t o Marat . Bonaparte gave him the important mission o f bringing in the cannon from Sablons 4 1 7 95 o n . to the Tuileries Oct , , t hus preserving the Convention .
. S . . 1 3 A . L , Aug ,
P .
’ - BOISSY D ANGLAS ( Francois Antoine ) . Conventionnel h e voted fo r the imprisonment o f t h e King until peace ; he seemed by his votes to support the Girondin party ; he
e 17 95 . was elect d President of the Convention April 5 , Although s t h e o n 20 17 95 Vernier was the Pre ident of Convention May , , ’ d A n l as when the insurrection took place, Boissy g was tempo r ar ily in the chair at the moment the m o b entered the hall ” ’ crying for bread and the Constitu tion o f 9 3. It was at this — ’ — precise moment three o clock in the afternoon when a fresh F e r au d wh o mob entered and killed , was trying to protect the ’ . d A n l as h President Boissy g showed imself cool , brave and tact was o m m is s i n de s On ze ful ; he a member of the C o , charged with n e w hi reporting the Constitution, and it was because of s services o n 20 t h e h o n e May that Convention , wit voice, declared that he should be the organ of t h e Commis s ion des Onze t o present to
the Convention and t o France the Constitution . France was
finding the National Convention as a deliberative body, and its
Committees as executive expressions, inadequate . A commission of e o e eleven p rs ns was appointed, and this committee reported a n w
“ form of government : a legislative body t o con sist of t wo cham 77
t h e o n e 5 00— t wo - i r bers , called The Council of th rds of which we e ' be — to , selected from members of the then Convention and a
o f A t o o 25 0 . Council ncients , c nsist of members The executive ' a power was t o be exercised by a Directory o f Five . France w s o r not yet ready _for another King, for a Dictator , for a
e . Consul, although all three were propos d in the discussions
' The entire s c he m e was a backward step from a Republican form ff was of government . Practically for universal su rage, there o f substituted the undemocratic qualification property holding . was The sentiment against universal suffrage almost unanimous, a L a only three supporting it Thom s Paine, nthenas and S ouhait .
1 12. . 10 8 . . S A L , Paris , July ,
P . I .
G T r U I O ( Flo ent ) .
Conventionnel and regicide . He was sent on a mission to the
North . At Lille he found great disorders and operated the gu il l o in fi tine with great rigour, saying, his of cial report to the Con v e n t io n T h e u i ll t in e wi l l be in r e s e n l he n t h e u ilt e ad , g o po o y w g y h s
ar e all all e n . . 22 1 95 f On Oct , 7 , he was named one of the inter
C m m is s i n e s in . mediate governmental ouncil, called the C o o d C q Its existence represents a phase of the Republic as it was passing from the one fo rm of a N ational C o nvention t o the n e w C orps
L é i s lat i . Gu io t g f himself was chosen to the C ouncil of the An cients . 1 1 S . 95 . A . L . , Lille, March 7 , 7
- a PONS ( Philippe L urent, dit Pons de Verdun ) .
Conventionnel and regicide . When the time came for t h e change o f gover nment from the National Convention t o the newly created t wo C D 1r e c t o r Corps Législatif, composed of the ouncils and the y , n o f e 21 . 1 95 an i termediate Commission Fiv was created Oct , 7 , and T allie n u o - e — Pons de Verdun, with , D b is Cranc , Florent Guyot and r Roux constituted the Commission . He se ved France under the
Directory and Empire .
S . 30 1 94 . D . , Paris, June , 7
DA U N OU Pierre - Claude - Fran go is
Ecclesiastic, Professor, Statesman and Architect ; Conventionnel . ’ He voted for the King s imprisonment until peace . He opposed
the decrees against the Girondins , and was himself arrested and ’ detained until after Robespierre s fall . o f When, under the Constitution the Year III , the two legislative o f chambers became Operative , Dannon was elected first President 2 1 5 00 o n . 8 95 . 5 00 the Council of , Oct , 7 The Council of held its
sessions in the old Salle de la Convention in the Tuileries . There t had, gradually, sprung up a reactionary and Royalist sentimen reflected in the Convention and opposed to the communistic views
of Paris and the larger cities . To ensure at least a conservative majority- element in the Council of the 5 00 it was determined that two - thirds should be selected from the then members o f the Con n t i v e o n . When Bonaparte became first Consul he appointed Camus t o be 1804 Archivist of France , and when the latter died in the Emperor
named D au n o u to succeed him . It was under him that was con c e iv e d the vast project of a central repository o n the Cham ps 21 18 12 t o Elysees where, by a decree dated March , , were be lodged
not only captured pictures , statues and books , but also the public a documents, deeds and records of Italy, Austri , Spain and other
countries , to consult which the world would be put under con t r ibu t io n fo r fees ( enorm ous in the aggregate and productive o f e great revenues ) . While the idea was never entir ly developed, 7 8
o an dt h e the st nes for the building were raised above the pavement, road from Italy was blocked with wagons drawing rich material
to Paris .
. . S . 12 180 . A L , Paris, March , 7
P .
E - THIBAUD AU ( Antoine Claire ) Comte . i Conventionnel and reg cide . He devoted himself largely to was a educational and artistic work, yet he himself the most not ble o f of all the members in affecting the appearance the Sansculottes , e o wearing his Phrygian cap , baring his n ck and c nducting himself
as c o m m o n e s t o f s e c t io n is t s . e t o the k the He was elect d the Council
5 00 - R e u b e ll e a n d of and became its first Secretary with , Ch nier h e - Cambaceres . Wit the xception of Sergent Marceau he lived to a
greater age than the other active spirits of t h e Revolution . He was a friend o f Thomas Paine and obtained his readmission to the
Convention . 1 3 1 S . . 95 . D . , Oct , 7
48 - - 4 . BODIN ( Pierre Joseph Francois ) .
Surgeon and legislator . He was practicing at Limeray when,
2 C . fo r o n . 6 1 9 Sept , 7 , he was elected to the onvention He voted
. H e r the imprisonment, rather than the death, of the King , se ved
o n . . 17 95 an important mission to the Army of the West In Oct , , was 5 00 he chosen member of the Council of , serving afterward in
the Gendarmerie as Captain . 2 1 S . 9 99 . A . L . , July , 7
G R - - 449 . OU DAN ( Charles Claude Christophe ) Deputy from the Third Estate to the Etats Généraux ; he sat with the left and was On e o f the founders of the Jacobin Club ; M n in o . o n t a C nventionnel and regicide He acted with the , but he supported T all ie n and Barere in attacking Robespierre o n 9t h
f 0 c t . 1 . m . o 5 0 95 ther idor He was elected to the Council in O , 7
1 3 1 9 . S . . 7 5 D . , Paris , Oct ,
GOS SU I N Constant - Joseph - Eugene ) Deputy to the Legislative Assembly and member of the Con
v e nt io n . r 7 In the fo mer body he eulogized Rochambeau on May , 1 92 t e 7 , when there developed a feeling of hostility agains the Mar o n t o chale . At the trial of the King he was a mission Belgium o n e o f wh o and, therefore, did not vote, being the fifteen were ’ absent during the taking o f the four vo tes affecting t he King s
o f u n c o f 5 00. fate . Member the Co il
. . S . 22 1 7 96 . A D , Paris, July ,
U - U - n c et é PRIE R D VERNOIS ( Claude A toine, dit Prieur de la ’ d Or ) .
. 1 92 s t o In Aug , 7 , he was ent the Army of the Rhine to announce
t he dethro nement of Louis XVI ; Conventionnel and regicide . He was hostile to the Girondins and was made prisoner by them an d a o their partis ns at Caen, whither he and Romme were sent t bring that regio n into sympathy with the radical part y in the C o n v en 29 tion . After fifty days they were released on July , He
devoted much study to a uniform system of weights and measures . His greatest service was in assisting Carnot in reorganizing the t h e Army of the Republic . Prieur had the duty of providing a r o f e material and m chine y war, while Carnot att nded to the per e s o n n l and the movement of the armies . Prieur was elected to
the Council of 5 00. 4 1 1 9 . . S . . 7 7 D , Sept , 2 4 . See No . 7 79 — C OU P P E de Ke rv e n n o n . ( Gabriel Hyacinthe, ) Advocate and legislator ; Deputy from t he Third Estate “
t o was . 13 1 7 9 1 the Etats Généraux, he elected Secretary Aug , ; o fo r Conventionnel ; at first u nited with the Gir ndin s, voting n o f K the impriso ment _the ing, and then signing the protest with - 31 the seventy three and being proscribe d with them ; aft er May , 1 793 was i n n , he arrested, placed at first the Co ciergerie and then
was . 14 1 79 at L a Force ; after 9 thermidor he released ; on Oct , 5 ,
he was elected t o the Council of 5 00; he s ided with Bonaparte . ' D S 2 1 s ee E0 . 3 . DUBOIS CRANCE ( Eduard Louis
“ from the Third Estate t o the Etats Généraux ; C o n v e n _ Deputy t i 79 3 o n o n n e l . 3 1 and regicide ; on Jan , , he had been placed the m e Co mittee of Public Saf ty ; he allied himself with Danton , he u was particularly seful in putting down the revolt at Ly ons , being then o n a mission t o the South ; he was chosen t o the Council of 7 9 a d 5 00 . 1 4 1 , Oct , 5 he served under the Directory, n in the year 1 7 99 he was Minister of War ; he was n o t favo rable t o the C oup ’ d E t at r s , and retired ; he was a w iter , and the pre ent letter
refers to a brochure in which he attacked Robespierre . 1 3 1 7 94 . . S . . A L , Aug , ,
C ARRAU ( Pierre - Anselme )
. 5 1 7 9 1 Advocate and legislator ; he was elected Sept , , to the “ s Legi lative Assembly as an Alternate, but obtained a seat April 7 1 7 92 o f , ; Conventionnel and regicide ; in the Department the e e - aid h e Pyr n es Occidentales , to which he gave efficient , _ was
. 2 1 79 was t h e elected Secretary Sept , 5 ; he electe d to Council of
5 00 14 1 7 98 an d. t o o April , , when the attempt overthr w the o Directory to k place Garran aided the movement to the utmost , ’ d E t at and then opposed with equal vigor the Co up .
1 3 1 7 9 . . . S . Jan . 7 A L , Milan, ,
INGRAND ( Francois - Pierre )
' - - . 3 1 7 9 was t he L e i l at iv e On Sept , 1, he elected Deputy to g s As s e m bl P y , and directly he arrived in aris he had himself enrolled a at the Jacobin Club , he was p rticularly active in the declara tion s against Lafayette ; Conve ntionnel and regicide ; the same day the King was executed he was named on the Committee of General Surety ; he took a leading part in the expulsion o f t h e
o . 1 4 1 7 95 5 00 Gir ndins ; elected Oct , , to the Council of , he soon t o o f after retired accept the position Inspector of Forests .
D . 1 S e e N o . 23 .
LESAGE - SE N A U L T ( Gaspard - Jean - Joseph )
. 3 1 1 Merchant and legislator ; he was elected Sept , 7 9 , t o the
“ Legislative As sembly ; Conventionnel ; he voted fo r the death of i : h e e the K ng, adding I demand t hat b execute d within ” - t wenty four hours . He was sent o n a mission to the Army of o 1 7 93 the N rth in April , , and sent to the Convention the proofs ’ o f General D u m o u r ie z defection ; after the fall o f Robespierre he was o n e o f the most active members of the new Committee o f 0 General Surety ; he was elected to the Council of 5 0, and on
- . 8 1 7 96 a i Dec , , he created a violent scene by declaring that r o y l s m was everywhere and that the constit uted authorities were n o ’ s o d E t at longer Republicans ; he Oppo ed the C up of Bonaparte, and
Went into seclusion .
1 7 9 . . . . n 7 S Ja . 1 7 A L , , 80
H A S SE R I A X e e l e u 4 . E SC U 5 7 ( R n , j e ne ) Physician and legislator ; Conventionnel ; he devote d h imself particularly t o scientific and educational subjects as covered by n ' 00 ' h e u e the gover ment ; elected to the Council of 5 , purs d an
enlightened and progressive course .
. 1 4 . S . 3 17 9 L . , Dec ,
E A n dr di 4 8 . e t 5 POMM ( , He was elected member of the Convention from the F rench colony o f Gu an e was a e y and hence his popular name , he not se ted in tim ’ “ o n o n 10 to vote the King s trial, taking his place only April , 1793 e 9 ; he rarely appeared at the Tribun , after the thermidor c was he went upon a mission, during whi h the present letter written ; he was a member of the Council o f 5 00
4 1 7 94. . S . . L , Dec ,
' - l - HENR Y LARIVI ERE P ie rr e F r an co is Joachim ) n ’ Advocate and legislator ; Conventionnel, voting for the Ki g s was be detention until the peace ; with such sentiments, it not long e t o ac o bin s fore he was in op n hostility the J he was named, May 21 1 7 93 o n C m m is s i n E wt r aw in ai r e D , , the o o d e d s onz e to examine ff -o f o f 17 93 was the a airs the Municipality Paris ; on June , , he
o . decreed under arrest by the Convention, and escaped t the Calve
dos , where he devoted himself to the insurrect ionary movement against the Convention ; he was declared hor s l a l o i by the Consti t u t io n 9 , but after the thermidor he obtained readmission ; he was
' 5 00 was e l e c t e d a violent reactionist ; chosen to the Council of , he
20 1 79 7 . 1 7 97 as Secretary May , on Sept 5 , , he w ordered deported,
but he long survived the Revolution . 2 . S . . 4 18 1 A . L , Jan , .
LANTHENAS ( Fran cois - Xavier ) a f Physician and legisl tor ; friend o Roland, he was induced t o i . 9 1 7 92 was enter public l fe, and on Sept , , he elected to the Con en t io n o f v ; he voted against the punishment death for the King, but for imprisonment until peace ; he was proscribed with the — Girondins , but Marat, a fello w physician, saved him, through, : however , the somewhat high price of an insult, saying All the ” n L at h e n a s a world k ows is me n spirited . L at h e n as voted for uni ff C o as versal su rage in the nstitution of the Year III . He w 5 1 795 elected Secretary, April , ; in the same year he was chosen
t o the Council o f 5 00. 9 1 . . . . 7 98 A L S Paris, Jan , , concerning a Captain Blackwell,
introduced by Thomas Paine .
A - CHAZ L ( Jean Pierre) . " A dvocate and legislator ; Conventionnel he seated hims elf with
v o n . the Girondins , voting for death, but also for reprie e ; Jan 4 17 95 e f , , he was made a m mber o the Committee o f Public Safety ; 5 1 795 on March , , he made a most energetic speech, in which he attributed all the e vils under which France was then suffering to those wh o were overth rown on 9 thermidor ; he was elected 00 5 . 20 17 9 7 to the Council of , and on Sept , , he was chosen Secre
. 26 1 7 99 was c e tary ; on Sept , , he ele t d President, being the last, t o except Lucien Bonaparte, hold that office .
. S . D , March
- - 462. L A R E V E L L I E R L E P E A U X ( Louis Marie de ) .
. 1 1 1795 o f On Oct , , he was elected member the Council o f the
o n . 25 Ancients , and Oct he was elected first President o f that
. . i t s body This day the National Convention ceased functions, and the new form o f government under the Constitution of the Year
82
PETIE-T ( Claude - Louis ) i Sold er and legislator . Membe r first o f the Co uncil of t h e A n c ie n t s o f 0 l a and subsequently of the Council 5 0. Whi e still mem ber of the fo rmer body he was called by the Directory to be Minist er o f - War, and it is in this capacity that he writes the present let ter
. . On . 19 1 9 e a to Gen Bonaparte Feb , 7 7, he pr sented the flags c p t u re d a by the army in It ly.
. S . . 2 1 9 L , Feb 7 , 7 7 . MA ZA DE PERCIN ( Julien - B e m ar d- Dorothee Chosen to the Convention he voted fo r the imprisonment of the
King rather than for death, saying, as so many others had said, h d that the Convention a no right to sit in judgment . In the form ation o f the n e w government h e was elected to the Council
of the Ancients .
S . . 30 1 9 . D , Paris , June , 7 5
B A -R E E MA R B OI S DE ( Francois Marquis de ) . He was sent as Co nsul to the United States and afterward t o
. . 16 17 95 t o Santo Domingo He was elected, Oct , , o the C uncil of An c o . a cients, and be ame Secretary f that body Because he t tempted t o have changed the l aw excluding from public offic e o f nobles and relatives nobles, he was suspected and later was rt t o an sentenced to be depo ed Gu y e .
'
A . . L . S . 20. a , April The present piece cknowledges the news from Edward Livingston that the Academy o f N e w York had elect ed an him honorary member .
E - R GNIER ( Claude Ambroise ) D u e de Massa . Advocate at Nancy and Deputy from the Third Estate to the
Etats Généraux . He interested himself in public questions during
the life of the Constituent Assembly, and while his opinions were o n l e t moderate, he many occasions voted with the f or Jacobin
r . r pa ty Du ing the Convention he retired from public view, but reappeared after 9t h thermidor and became a member o f the Coun n was r cil of the A cients , of which body he elected Secreta y and
e . o r a th n President Regnier supported B napa te in his , pl ns and ' t e in the establishment o f the Consulate . He became h Minister o f an d t Justice Director of the Police, in which capaci y he moved i against P c he gru .
S . . 8 18 13. D . , Paris, Oct ,
MB E C OL L O L ( Pierre ) . o n t o Conventionnel . He served a mission the North and also u n on the Committee o f General Surety . Elected to the Co cil of 5 00 t o , he passed from that body the Council of the Ancients , where
o n 25 1 99 . he made a stout stan d fo r the liberty of the press July , 7 It had been proposed t o restore the privileges of the press and to s place it under the censure o f the Directory . He oppo ed the . - o t h 1 99 r session at S aint C lo ud n the 9 November, 7 , and thus b ought
upon himself his exclusion the following day .
29 1 94 . S . . 7 D . , Nov , VARDON Lo uis - Al exandre - Jacques t h e R e t h e l . 1 8 1 92 o o n Conventionnel . On Dec , 7 , he made a rep rt
affair . Two Battalions of Paris were marching through this little a s village, hungry and cold, when they halted at a t vern for refre h a ment , and were denied this as the landlord declared four Russi n r Chasseurs had engaged all his resources . These tu ned out to be a d four emigres in disguise, and between the soldiers and the enr ge
town folk the emigres were massacred . The original of this report
289 . is o u r N o . 83
. 28 17 95 o n e o f t t Vardon was elected, Oct , , the S a e Messengers , o f m t o the medium com unication between the w Councils, and b e e tween them and t h Directory .
. . S . 15 . A D , Brest, July
L AR E V E L L I E R E - L E P E A U X ( Louis - Marie )
Conventionnel and regicide . He defended the Girondins on May
- d 30 1 93. he fle t h e , 7 Accused himself, and remained concealed in o f o forest M ntmorency an entire year, coming back to Paris after
9t h r . c t 1 1 1 95 O . 7 o u n the midor On , , he was elected to the C cil
o f l o t h a . 31 1795 as the Ancients, and the of brum ire, Oct , , he w
' chosen first from the list of 5 0 to make one of the Directory of — 2 1 6 216 21 8 o . On A u . 9 Five receiving out of v tes g , 7 , he became d was o n e o f the President . He support e Bonaparte and the pro ’ r t o m o t e s of the C oup d E t a . He served in the Direct ry until June
1 1 99 . . 8, 7 He left interesting memoirs Under the C onstitution o f the Year III the executive p o wer was
o . exercised by a body of Five, called the Direct ry The Council ' ' of 5 00 selected 5 0 names from which t he C o u n c il of Ancients elected
. ir e t r five Thus was constituted the famous D c o y .
. 1 3 1 1 1 . S . . 8 . A L , Paris, Jan ,
P .
4 2. See N o . 6
E T - - L OU R N E U R ( Charles Louis Francois ) de l a Manche .
Conventionnel . He voted for the death of the King, after an explanation in which he said he h ad been opposed to the Co n ’ v e n t io n s e trying the King, but yield d his opinion to that of the
r . majority . He greatly assisted Ca not in his war measures On the 9t h thermidor he showed himself bitter against Robespierre
C . and the Jacobins . He became President of the onvention Jan 6 17 95 ; 23 1 95 o n e o , On July , 7 , he was of the three Commissi ners
( with Delmas and Laporte ) t o direct the armed force o f Paris .
On . 31 1 95 s e c n d o n 5 0 Oct , 7 , his name was returned o the list of for membership on the Directory of F ive receiving 1 89 votes o u t 21 8 . . 30 of votes He was elected President of the Directory Jan ,
17 96 .
A . L . S .
P . R E U B E L L ( Jc an - Francois )
. r o f . 4 1 7 9 1 . 11 Conventionnel P esident the Jacobins Feb , ; w en
Robespierre fell he became the most violent enemy of that society . 1 1 o f r . 3 95 Named member the first Directo y Oct , 7 , his name being
t hir d on the list of 5 0 with a vote of 1 7 6 out of 218 .
. S . 29 17 95 . D , Paris , March ,
P . 12 See No . 7 . BARR AS ( Paul - Francois - Jean - Nicolas ) r o f t h Besides his se vices 9 thermidor, when he organized the fight o n behalf of the Convention against Robespierre and the C o m wh o mune, it was he and his, chief aid Bonaparte put down the
4 1 . o f . 95 insurrection Oct , 7 When the executive power was ir e t r o f r lodged in the D c o y Five, Ba ras was named fifth member, as , 129 o u t 218 owing to his political activity, he obtained only of
2 1 9 o f . . 8 7 7 votes On Nov . , , he was elected President the Directory With L ar év e l l iere and R e u b e ll he made the maj ority which direct ed
affairs and carried o n internal conflicts with the legislative coun cils . o f r E a Barras was accused t ying to make terms with Pitt in ngl nd , ’ d E - and afte rward with Louis XVIII . The Coup tat of brumaire
1 a . ( Nov . 9, 7 practic lly ended his public career He was the an 12 J . 18 16 . o n e regicide exempted from the law of ,
A . L 84
CARNOT ( La zare - Nicolas - Marguerite ) m a o i Student of the ilit ry art, he gave his attenti n part cularly
t o an d . 1 8 3 20 strategy fortifications As early as 7 , when years e h had e a . of ag , already published a treatise on m thematics On 31 1 9 1 o n 7 e a . C Aug . , , he was elected to the L gisl tive Assembly e n t i n n el v o . In both legislative bodies he was charged with organ ar as o f izing mies and building defenses . Regicide . He w one the C r 31 1 93 D u m o u rie z an d five ommissioners sent, Ma ch , 7 , to , was n o t r h is fortunate in being ar ested with comrades, he being at
o . 10 Arras when he received notice of his app intment On July , 1 f o 93 o C f . 7 , he was made a member the ommittee Public Safety ' a Besides his military employment he g ve much time to politics , a F r o and it w s to him that ance wed the union with Belgium . He ’ was as opposed to Robespierre, and yet, after the latter s fall, he w '
accused of having been in alliance with him . When it was pr o posed to arrest him some one cried : Car not is the or gan ize r of ” “ v i c t ri e s t o o , and this phrase has ever since been fastened his o a 111 name . When under the new Constituti n of Ye r the _ the Council of 5 00 submitted its list of 5 0 fo r the Ancients to select ’ e t C arn o t s . a Dir c ory of Five, name was not on the list Sieyes
was r . name fou th , and accordingly he was elected But Sieyes ' 10 r immediately declined and a new list of names was sent, f om ’ which C arn o t s was selected with a vot e o f 18 1 . When Barthelemy a o r o s c me int the Directo y he f rmed a minority against Barra ,
18t h o f . 4 L ar e e l li re R e u b e ll . e r v e and Aft r the f uctidor ( Sept ,
he was proscr ibed and fled to Switzerland . Bonaparte o f named him Minister War, and he did fine service in reorganizing
the ar mies . 1 f . . 1 s o S . t 7 D , the sansculottides ( Sept ,
P . I .
BARTHELEMY ( Francois ) M1 arquis de .
Entered the diplomatic service as at t ac h e to the Embassy .to 1 79 1 1 Switzerland , in he became the Ministe Plenipotentiary to o that country, and neg tiated peace with Spain and Prussia ; the part y of Clichy made him a member o f the Directory in place of r n e u r 24 1 7 9 6 a L e t o u , May , ; he joined with C rnot in a minority cf m e the Directory ; when Bonaparte ca e into power, he gav him
his support . 20 1 2 7 9 . . L . S . A , , Baden, July ,
- GOH IER ( Lo uis Jero me ) . Advocate and legislator ; he was Minister o f Justice from March 20 1 7 9 3 1 9 1 79 4 a f was , , until April , , and lmost his final of icial act 29 1 7 93 o f t o d eclare, on March , , that the Revolutionary Tribunal the Municipality o f Paris was duly formed and ready t o operate ; 1 7 17 99 d o f t o on June , , he was electe member the Directory replace T re il har d ; he remained in this body until its functions were seized ’ d E t at o f 1 8 . 9 1 99 by Bonaparte in the Coup brumaire ( Nov , 7 ) Gohier was placed under arrest at the Luxembourg and then per m i t d r t e to reti e to his estates at Antony, near Sceaux ; his last
days were given to literature .
. S . 8 1 793. D , April , P MOULIN Jc an - Francois - Augu ste Soldier and Director o f the Republic ; the sanguinary order given — by General T u r r e au has already been given see Tur 1 eau de Lig
. 20 17 99 o n e r nieres On June , , he was elected of the Directo y,
- taking the place o f L ar ev e il lier e L epe au x . Bari as says he was e o f elected becaus his strong Republicanism , and it was known 85
that he did not hesitate to call his sponsor an Aristocrat ; h e was t o h m called a scoundrel by Bonaparte, according Barras , wit who e and Gohier he united, leaving Bonaparte and Siey s in the minor
- ity , but Bonaparte and his grenadiers, his brother Generals and
F o u c hé made the real majority .
2 17 94 . . S . . A . D , Rennes, Oct
- BA B E F r a u s . 482. R U ( Francois Noel ) called G c c
do 2 1 797 . Guillotined at Ven me, May 7, Publicist and editor ;
he published a journal, first at Amiens and afterward started at
r i P e i . Paris, the T bu ne du u p le , signing himself Ca us Graecus ; he as a o a t o f E w the p stle of soci lism, exploiting the doc rines quality ; 7 t h e in the year 1 96 he became head of a secret society, and he ‘ o and his fo ll o vve r s were tried before the high court of Vend me, ' accused o f cons piracy to restore the Constitution o f 1 7 9 3; con v t e d o n 26 1 7 97 t o ic May , , he tried poignard himself, failed and
was execute d the following day .
3 17 96 . S . o . . . w A L , to his ife fr m prison, Oct ,
ROSSIGNOL Jc an - Antoine ) Jeweller before the Revolution ; o n e of the heroes o f the Bas d J u r n a l de s h m m e s da tille ; e ited , with Gaultier and others , the o o Ju l 1 e t du F au b u r S ain t - A n t in e o f a y 4, o g o , the rarest the Rev lu t io n ar o n e y journals ; of the leaders in the attack on the Tuileries ,
. 10 17 92 e c Aug , ; General in the Vend e ; cons ious of his military a t h limit tions, he wrote out his resignation ; identified wi the H ebe r t is t e s B arbe u f e ; involved in the conspiracy, but acquitt d ’ t h e Real, the Public Accuser, invoking General s poverty as
excusing him .
7 93. . . S . . 1 0 1 A D , Nantes , Oct , CHAR E TTE DE LA CONTR IE ( Franc ois Athanase ) Chief of the Vendéens and one o f the most brilliant o f the - o counter revolutionists . He prol nged resistance beyond the other a o f c le ders his party, but was finally aptured and shot at Nantes 2 a 9 17 96 . M rch , 2 1 . . 3 . S L é e 0 9 . A L , g , May , 7
’ BONNIER ( Ange - Elizabeth - Louis - Antoine d A l c o ) s 28 179 n Assa sinated en route from Rastadt, April , 9 ; C o n ve t io n n e l and regicide ; he was elected member o f t h e Council o f o n 1 3 1 7 98 31 1 7 9 7 Ancients April , ; he had been nominated Oct . , , t o a as Minister of the Republic Rast dt t o serve with T r e ilh ar d. A congress o f the Powers had been called to bring about peace between France and Austria and to consider the affairs o f the
smaller Republics created by the triumphs of the French arms . R o be r o t In the meantime he had been joined by De Bry and j , as
- c o ministers . Finding that communication on the part of the -s Minister with the Convention was interrupted by the Austrians , 1 7 99 t o o they decided, April , , g to Strasburg and await further ’ n e o t iat l o n s . at g Accordingly, between eight and nine o clock o f 28 on the night April , in their coaches with their families , they departed from Rastadt and were scarcely beyond the gates ’ when a detachment of Austrian soldiers, known as S z e c kl e r s Hus R o be r sars, fell upon them and murdered Bonnier and jo t , leaving
De Bry for dead by the roadside . No other such outrage is
recorded in the modern history of diplomacy . The Duchess ’ d A b r an t e s imputes the massacre t o t h e influence of the Queen of o f — Naples, the sister Marie Antoinette .
. S . . 7 1 7 98 D , Rastadt, Sept , , also signed by the t wo other
ministers . 86
- n -Jo e DE BRY Jean A toine s ph ) . n I the . Legislative Assembly he proposed the formation o f a. corps of volunteers dedicated to the destruction of tyrants ” t r i and of Generals who y to destroy liber ty n Franc e. Chabot and Merlin declared that they would enroll themselves in this ’ V e n eu r l h / i t corps, which they desired might be called g de m nan e.
e t o o . 4 17 92 e fo r e El cted the Conventi n Sept , , he vot d the d ath f o the King ; the Convention selected him as President March 21 , 17 3 e 9 ; he protest d against the arrest of the Girondins, but escaped d 9t h mi proscription, and pru ently remained quiet until the ther 1 4 1 79 was u 00 dor ; on Oct . , 5 , he chosen to the Co ncil of 5 , and was twice selected t o be its President ; o n May he was P l en i o t e n t iar e t o named Minister p Rastadt, in association wit h
c . t wo the pre eding, Bonnier Afterward these had joined to them
” e r o t B r was o f who R o b j . De y the only one the three survived t he ” P lén i o t e n t iar e s 28 1 9 a Massacre of the p , April , 79 ; he w s in t he first carriage in going out of the gates of Rastadt with his wi fe 8 ’ k and children at about o cloc in the evening, and receiving t wo fo r a blows he was left de d by the roadside ; he feigned death, e managed to roll into the ditch, and the following morning mad
“ t h e de his way back to Rastadt, where Prussian minister , Comte him Goertz, and the other members of the Congress received with
compassion . The crime was universally condemned .
7 17 98 . S . e c . L . , Rastadt, D ,
484. See No .
R OBE R JOT ( Claude ) .
28 1 7 99 . Assassinated near Rastadt , April , Priest of a Macon 17 99 parish in , when the Revolution began, he took the Consti
t u t io n a . 17 9 3 s l oath and in Oct , , he renounced his eccle iastical i ed ob e re funct ons , marri , and tained a seat in the Conv ntion,
l G . 6 179 placing Carra, guil otined with the irondins ; on Oct , 5 , he was made a member of the Committee o f General Surety ; he
. 12 1 7 95 t h e o f 5 00 o n . 22 was elected Oct , , to Council , and Dec
1 7 7 011 a t o . Th e 9 , he was sent mission the Hanseatic Cities a 1 8 1 7 98 R o be r o t Convention w s informed, July , , that j had reached Rastadt in his capacity of third French Minister at the s a b e n Congress . The history of his assa sination has alre dy e i e e o f related ; his surviv ng confr re , De Bry, has l ft a record details o f this hor rible treachery on the par t of the Austrians ; he R o be r o t t o be says that j , the third attacked , had his throat cut r t h e While in the a ms of his wife, the families of minist ers
having accompanied them . That the crime was directed against t h e France is evident, since Ligurian Representatives , who sought t e to leave Rastadt at the same time, and who would not be separa d ’ e . Sze c kl e rs from th ir French friends, were not molested The
Hussars were sixty in number .
. S . . A . L , Paris, Dec
D .
48 4 . See No .
TALLEYRAND Le Marquis . o f The original announcement of Talleyrand, Minister Foreign A br ic l t o Relations to , Commissioner Naples , of the assassination
of the French P l en ipo t e n t ie r e s at Rastadt .
15 1 799 . S . a L . , P ris, May ,
JOU B E R T ( Barthelemy- Catherine )
1 5 17 99 . t e Killed at Novi , Aug . , Beginning life as an advoca ,
1 89 r . o f t he s he entered, in 7 , upon a milita y career One mo t
brilliant and reliable of French Generals , of whom Bonaparte said “ t o the Directory when he was setting o u t fo r Egypt : I l eave 87
u s you Joubert . He was killed while fighting against the R
sians , and his place was taken by Moreau . we S . J 27 1797 A . L. , uly , , to General Berthier, by whose hand
find t wo lines and his signature .
P . I
- - - 48 E e . 9 . HEDOUVILL ( Gabriel Marie Th odore Joseph ) Comte
Soldier and legislator . He took part in the battle of Valmy
- was a n . s when he n med Adjuta t General Suspected, becau e of his 24 1 3 noble origin, he was arrested Sept . , 7 9 , and imprisoned until t h o was as o f f after the 9 thermid r, when he sent C hief Staf to ' e o Hoche . In all his Operations in the Vend e he employed m dera
tion and justice and wo n the respect o f his Royalist enemies . ’ d E t at 18t h 9 1 99 was When the Coup of brumaire ( Nov . , 7 ) pre t o o f e o n paring, Barras proposed Bonaparte the appointment H d o h e r o ville as President f t Re public with sup eme p wer . T his was ’ o n . 30 r Oct , and its revelation of Ba ras sentiments influenced
' Bonaparte in his plans . 20 1 96 o f at e rre u S . 7 C a L . , April , , announcing the taking , the
chief of the Chouans .
P . R A B A U T —DUPUIS ( Pierre—Antoine ) as t o Brother to Rabant Saint Etienne . He w elected the Coun cil of the Ancients and presided over the Corps Legislatif at the famous session where Bonaparte was declared elected Consul for 2 2 180 . life, Aug. ,
S . . A . L . to Napoleon MOREAU ( Jc an - Victor ) t o Soldier of the Republic and Empire . He was attached the Girondins and was somewhat dist urbed by the triumph of the l o f o n 14 1 4 an d Mountain He became Genera Division April , 79 , in t he wint er o f 17 95 he undert oo k the campaign in which L o o e e France conquered the w Countries . The f llowing year he fr d
the Rh ine of the enemy and o pened Germany to his tro ops . He o f P ic h e ru discovered the treason g , and later, in a way to throw
t o r . some doubt upon his own conduct, he revealed it the Directo y ’ e a f r His position for a tim was subordin te, but a ter Joube t s death he took his command and kept it until made Commander in Chief o o f the Army of the Rhine. Moreau aided B naparte in his Coup ’ 1 99 a E t a . 9 d t of Nov , 7 , and at his side in the Or ngerie of Saint o n Cloud that eventful day, although he had met him at the house e o f Direct ur Gohier for the first time but a few days before . 1804 P ic h e ru Moreau was imprisoned in for his connection with g , “ t t o but was permitted o retire America .
r 13 1 9 . S . 7 7 A . L . , Ap il ,
P . I . L E -F E BV R E Francois - Joseph )
. 10 1 3 s Entered the army Sept , 77 , as a simple soldier . It wa 1 88 t 9 7 . not until April , , tha he became Sergeant From Jan . 1, 1 2 was 7 9 , when he obtained the Captaincy of a battalion, his rise o e e r a rapid . He supp rt d Hoche in the G man c mpaign . Wounded St o c k o ch 17 97 in a battel at in , he returned to Paris where the r Directory honoured him . When Bonapa te was preparing the ’ t a o f 18 m r N o v . 9 17 99 Coup d l u t bru ai e ( , ) he found Lefebvre in
command of the Paris troops . Winning over this officer was the o n a key t o the situation, and this B aparte ccomplished by present E in g him the sword won by him in gypt . The next day Lefebvre ’ saved Bonaparte s life when the latter was attacked by Arena
. 7 17 93. A . L . S , Werden, Oct ,
P . I . BONAPARTE ( Lucien ) . r o 2 1 177 5 u n 29 Bo n at Ajacci March , ; died at Viterbe ( Italy ) J e ,
1840. At the insurrectio n raised in Corsic a by Pau li he fle d to
Marseilles . He called himself in the Revolutionary days Bru tus t Bonapar e . The influence of his brother Napoleon found hi m m o n 1 1 98 employ ent before the armies , and April 4, 7 , he was o f 5 00 fi elected to the Council , in which body he became rst Secre a a t ry and then President . In this l tter position he greatly aided ’
C d E t at . 9 1 7 99 . was his brother in his oup of Nov , It at the meet t wo ing of the Legislative Corps, composed of the Councils and m e e t m r - l g at the O angerie at Saint C oud, that Lucien directe d the ’ ’ execution of his br other s plan . At eight o clock that night he o Of e announced the attempted , assassinati n the General by Ar na, and a little later declared : l f L i be r t y was bor n i n t h e Je u de
‘ P au m e i t was p lac e d o n a s u r e fou n dat ion in t he Or an ge r i e of - S ain t C l u d. o His later life belongs to the history of the Empire . 2 9 18 2. . . S . 0 A L , Paris, April ,
P . I .
’ FOUCHE ( Joseph ) Duc d Ot r an t e . o t as Priest, adv cate, legislator, ambassador and minis er . He w o principal of the c llege at Nantes when the Revolution began, and
was o . it then that he entered the law, Conventi nnel and regicide 1 1 l i n . 6 93 A b t te F hé O Dec , 7 , there was read a letter from and o u c a : T he in which occurs the phrase , remark ble at that early date T er r r t h alu t r e r r o r t r u l he r e in u ll e r at i e s a T is n . o , y , y f op o On June 16 1 94 o f 14 , 7 , he was elected President the Jacobins , and on July , 1 94 R o was 7 , after a violent speech against him by bespierre , he ’
was s . expelled from the Club . After the latter s fall he rein tated H e a 31 17 99 was inst lled Minister of Police July , , in which posi ’ tion he pro tected and aided the Coup d E t at of 18t h brum aire in
the interests of Bonaparte .
h r 1 1 . S c o n b 1 1 n N o v 14 1 . . S . . 809 A L . , announcing the peace of , ,
P .
- MARET ( Bernard Hugues ) Du e de Basano . P an c k o u c u e Advo c ate and diplomatist . Under q he edited the
Mo n it e u r o f Re . was o n e , the celebrated journal the volution He L e b rim of the leading members of the Jac obin Club . He was under
‘ h c ms e when the latter was Minister, and he lodged in the same , ’ f d n io n r . Hotel U , with Bonapa te After the af air on the Champ
de Mars he j oined the C lub of the Feuillants . Made Ambassador ' 1 3 to Naples in July, 7 9 , he was captured by the Austrians and only released when the exchange was effected fo r Madame Royal 1 C t in 7 95 . When the new onsulate began it was natural hat o Bonaparte and Lebrun should select him for Secretary . Napole n
e . 1 5 1809 . m a de him D u de Basano Aug ,
S . . A . L . , about a passport for Aaron Burr
ARENA ( B arthelemy ) . 12 1 98 . 7 Advocate and legislator On April , , he was elected to 00 t o o the Co uncil of 5 , the closing scenes of which b dy he lent 1 3 1 99 h e On 7 _ much interest . June , , argued brilliantly for the e freedom of the press, and cit d the attitude of the United States
in its treatment of the public journals . At the famous session — 1 Cl . 9 7 99 t o o f the Orangerie at Saint oud , Nov , , he is said have r r made an attempt o n the life of his fellow count yman Bonapa te . Bonaparte was escorted out of the hall by a few grenadiers in the e a midst of a wild tumult, when Ar na struck at him with a poign rd .
In the Melee the General was slightly wounded in the face, and the
90
o f as rt e t e senting the Council Ancients , Lucien . Bonapa e repres n d
o f 5 00 24 1 99 h e was d 00113111. the Council on Dec, , 7 , named Thir
. S . 3 1 80 A L . , Paris, March , 3
P .
N APOLEON I . 28t h flo r e al 1 8 On the , Year XII ( May , as Napoleon
“
d a t h . I , Bonaparte, was declare heredit ry Emperor of e French ’ The present item is a holograph letter written to Josephine, - - Me r at wh his wife, from Boulogne sur , the Imperial Camp , ere the Emperor was supposed t o be preparing for an invasion o f o f o s e hm e — En land . The le tter refers to the health J p to whom g — he refers as Ma p e t it e Jos h and to his proj e cts .
. 9 L . a . . A _ S _ Imperi l Camp, Aug ,
REVOLUTIONARY MA P OF PARIS . ( 1 Place de la Revolution ( n ow Place de Conco rde ) ; where t he i King an d Queen were guillot ned . ( 2) Cemetery of the Madeleine ( Chapelle Expiatoire ) where t h e
King and Queen were buried . 3 n e e ( ) The Duplay house, Rue Sai t Honor , where Robespierr
lived . f L ( 4 ) Le Manege, Hall o egislative Assembly and National
Convention . e n dem e ( 5 ) Place V , scene of the first disturbance in the
Revolution,
- 6 a o bi n o w e . ( ) The J c n Club, the market of Saint Honor
7 u o n . ( v Ch rch of Saint Roch , which Bonaparte fired his cannon 8 N ( V The Tuileries , where the ational Conven tion sat during the
latter part of the Terror .
9 . ( ) Place de Carrousel , where the guillotine had its second home 1 0 a ( ) Palais Royal , where was uttered the first call to rms July
12 1789 . ,
- 1 1 ) Prison of Saint Lazare .
12 e t h e . ) Place de Gr ve, where guillotine was first erected
1 3 . ) Hotel de Ville, home of the Paris Commune
1 4 ) The Temple .
15 ) Prison o f La Force .
The Bastille . 17 du R e n ve r s e wh e 1 e ( ) Place Trone , the guillotine executed persons between July 1 5 and July 1 8 o f P ic u s the ( ) Cemetery p , where above victims were buried .
( 1 9 ) The R e vo lu t io n ai y Tribunal .
( 20) The Conciergerie . 21 a ( ) Church of Notre D m e .
' ( 22) Champ de Mars .
( 23) Hotel des Invalides .
( 24 ) Prison of the Abbaye .
( 25 ) Prison of the Luxembo urg .
( 26 ) House o f C amille Desmo ulins .
House o f Danton .
~ ( 28 ) House o f Marat .
( 29 ) Pantheon . I N D E X .
ADELAIDE ( Marie , de France ) 5 9 ALBA-L A SOU R C E ( Marie - David ) 302 ALBI- T TE ( Antoine - Louis ) 432 ’ AL EMBERT ( Jean - L e Rond d ) 15 A MAR ( Jean Baptiste - Andre ) 275 ’ E - ANGOUL EM ( Lo uis Ant . ) Duc d 235
‘ ’ - e e - 2 ANGOULEME ( Marie Th r se Charlotte, Princess Royale ) Duchesse d 34 A N TI B OU L ( Charles - Louis ) 306
’ A N T ON E L L E ( Pierre - Antoine ) Marquis d 260
- — - ANTRAIGUES ( E m m an u al Louis Henry de Launay ) Comte de 102
' ARENA ( Barthelemy ) 496 ARMONVILLE ( Jean - Baptiste ) 428 AROUET ( Francois ) 3
F rec in e 2 ASSIGNATS . See Cambon 2 9 AUBERT DU BAYET ( Jc an - Baptiste- An nibal ) 35 3 AUDOUI N ( Franc o is - Xavier ) 35 0 T ’ d U . . AU N, Bishop d See Talleyran BAC O DE LA C H APELLE ( Rene - Gaston ) BA ILLY ( Jean - Sylvain ) B A R BAR OU X C harles - Jean - Marie ) BARBE DE MAR B OI S ( Francois ) Marquis de B A R B E U F ( Franco is - Noel ) c all e d Grae cus BARENTIN ( Charles - Lo uis - Franco is de Paul ) de BARER E DE V I E U ZA C ( Bertrand ) BARNAVE Antoine- Joseph - Mar ie P ie r r e ) BARR AS ( Paul - F ran co is J e an - Nicolas ) BAR RY ( Marie- Jeanne Becu ) Countesse du BARTHELEMY ( F ranc ois ) Marquis de
L e t t r de C ac het BASTILLE, e ’ L e t t r e d E lar i s s e m e n t BASTILLE, g BAUCHE ( de l a Neuville ) Jc an - Nicolas BAYLE Moyse - An toine - Pierre - Jean ) BE AUCHAMPS ( Charles Gregoire ) Marquis de BE AUHARNAIS ( Alexandre - Franc ois - Marie ) Viscomte de
BEAUMARC HAIS ( Pierre - Augustin - Caron ) de BEFFROY DE REIGNY ( Louis - Abel ) 92
B E N T A B OL E Pierre - Louis )
B E R R U Y E R ( Jcan - Francois )
BERTIE R DE SAUVIGNY ( Louis - Benigne - Franc ois ) de
B E SE N V A L ( Pierre - Victor ) Baron de B E U R N ON V I L L E Pierre - de - Riel ) B I L L A U D - VARE NNE Jac qu e s - Nicolas B I R OTT E A U Jean - Bonaventure - Blaise - Hilarion BODIN Pierre - Joseph- Francois ) ’ BOISSY D ANGLAS ( Franc ois - An toine ) B OL L E T ( Philippe - Albert )
’ BONNIER ( Ange - E lizabeth- Louis - Antoine d A l c o )
BOSC ( Louis - Augustin - Guillaume ) B OS QU I L L ON ( Charles ) B OU C H OT TE ( Paul - Pierre - Alexandre ) BOUD IN ( Jac qu e s - Antoine ) BOUI LLE ( Franc ois - C laude - Am our ) Marquis de
BOURDON DE LA CRON I ERE ( Lo uis - Jean - Joseph - Le o nard ) ’ BOURDON DE L OISE ( Francois - L ouis ) S BOUTON , LES BOYER- FONFREDE Jc an - Baptiste BR EARD ( Jean - Jac ques ) BR I S S OT DE W A R V I L L E ( Jean -Pierre )
' BROGLIE ( Charles - Louis - Victor ) Prince de BUFFON ( Ge orge Louis L e C Ie rc ) Comte de BUREAUX DE PUSY ( Jean Xavier ) B U TT A F OC O ( Mathieu ) Comte de B U ZOT ( Francois - Nicolas - Leonard) CAGLIOSTRO ( Giu seppi Balsamo ) Alexandre Comte de
CAMBACERES ( Jean - Jo seph Regis ) Du e de Parme CAM BON ( Pierre - Joseph ) CAMPAN ( Jeanne- Louise -H enriette Genet ) Madame
CAR LE ( Ra phael )
CARNOT ( Laz are - Nicolas - Marguerite
CA RR IER ( Jean - Baptiste ) CASTRIE S ( Armand- Charles - Augustin La Croix ) D u e de CATEL ( Charles - Simon ) CAVAIGNAC Jc an - Baptiste ) 93
CAZALES ( Jaqu e s - Antoine - Mar ie ) de CH A BOT ( Franco is ) CHAILL ON ( Etienne ) CHALIER ( Marie - Joseph ) CHAMBON DE MONTAUX ( Nico las ) C H AMP C E N E T Z ( Louis ) Marquis de CHARETTE DE LA CONTR IE ( Francois - Athanase ) ’ H C m t e d A r t o is o f F C ARLE S ( Philippe, o ) X rance CHA TE LET ( Gabriele - Emilie de Breteuil ) Marquise du ’ CHA TELET - LOMONT D H A R A U C OU R T ( Lo uis - Marie - F l o -rent ) CHAUME-TTE ( Pierre - Gaspard ) CH AUVEAU - LAGAR DE Clau de - Francois )
- CHAZAL ( Jean Pier re ) " C HENIER ( Joseph - Marie - Blaise ) de CHEN I ER ( Marie - Andre de ) CHE RUB IN I Luigi - Ma ria - Carlo - Ze n o t t i - Salvatore
- - D u CHOISEUL ( Cl Ant G . ) e de
CHOISEUL ( Etienne Francois ) D u e de . CL A VIERE ( Etienne ) CLERM ONT- TONNER RE ( Anne - Antoine - Jules ) de CLERY ( Jean - Baptiste- Cant Hanet) CLOOTS ( Jean - Baptiste de) Baron
COC ARDE NATIONALE . .
L a ar e t . COCHON ( Charles , de pp n ) COIGNY ( Marie - Francois - Henri de F r an qu e t o t ) D u e de C OL L OMB E L ( Pierre ) ’ - COLLOT d H E R B OI S ( Jean Marie ) . CONDORCET ( Marie - Jean - Antoine - Nicolas de C ar it at ) — CORDAY DA R MA N S ( Marie Anne - Charlotte ) COULMIERS ( Francois Simonet ) Abbe de
OOU P P E - Ke rv e n n o n ( Gabriel Hyacinthe, de )
- ) COURTOIS Edmonde Bonaven/ture C OU TH ON ( Georges GUSTINE ( Adam - Philippe) C omte de DA B BA YE ( Louis - Jaques ) DAMPIERRE ( Auguste - Marie - Henri - Picot ) Comte de DANTON ( Georges Jacques ) DA U N OU ( Pierre - Claude - Francois
DAUPHIN ( Louis - Charles ) LE ’ - - l A u de DAVID ( Alexandre Edmonde Delisle, dit David de ) — DAVID ( Jac qu e s Louis )
- - DE BRY ( Jean Antoine Joseph ) . DELACROIX ( Jean - Francois ) DE L A MOT T E VALOIS ( Jenne de Saint - Remy de Val ) D E L A MOT T E - VALOIS ( Marie - Antoine - Nicolas ) Comte DELMAS Jean - Francois - Bertrand ) DENIS ( Rosalie Louise Mignot) Madame
DE PERRET . See Lauze de Perret 94
DESMOULINS ( Ann e - Lucile - Philippe L ar ido n Duplessis ) — D E SMO L I N - -C 39 147 U S ( Luc ie Simplice amille Benoit ) , DE S OR GU E S Jo s e ph - Theodore )
DE S P E R R I E R E S ( Gabriel - Adrien - Marie P o is s o n ie r ) DIDEROT ( Denis )
DIETRICH Philippe - Frederic ) Baron de DILLON ( Dominique) DOB S E N T ( Claude - Emmanuel ) DORNIER ( Claude - Pierre) DOU L C E T DE PONTECOU LANT ( Louis - Gustav e )
‘ DREUX- BREZE ( Henri - E vr ar d) Marquis de DROUE T ( Jean—Baptiste )
DUBOIS - CRANCE ( Eduard - Louis - Alexis ) D U B OU C H E T
DUCOS ( Jean Francois ) . DUCOS ( Pierre - Roger )
DU F R I C H E - V A L A ZE ( Charles - Eleanor )
' DU GOMMI E R - C di t ( Jacques oquille, ) DUMAS ( Mathieu ) Comte DUMAS ( Rene- Francois ) D U MOU R I E Z ( Charles - Francois)
' DUPLESSIS ( Anne - Francoise - Marie B o is de v e ix L ar ido n ) DUPONT DE NEMOURS ( Pierre - Samuel ) DUPORT - DUTERTRE Marguerite -L o u is F r an co is ) DUPRAT ( Jean ) DU QU E SN OY ( Ernest - D o m in iqu e F r an co is - Joseph ) DURAND DE MAILLANE ( Pierre Toussaint )
DUROY ( Jean Michel ) . DU SA U L X ( Jc an - Jo s e ph ) EDGEWORTH ( Henry Allen de F ir m o n t ) A bbe — ’ E L B E E ( Maurice - Louis Gigot) d ELIE ( Jacques - Job ) ELIZABETH ( Philippine - Marie - Helene ) Madame EPINAY ( Louise - Florence - P e t r o n n e l l e Tardieu ) ’ E P R E ME SN I L - ( Jean Jacques Duval ) d . E S C H A S SE R I A U X ( Joseph)
' E S C H A S SE R I A U X ( Rene le jeune ) ’ E SPAGNAC ( Marc - Rene S ahu gu e t ) Abbe d
ETUIS, ’ FABRE D E GL AN T I N E ( Philippe - Francois - Nazaire ) FAUCHET ( Claude ) Abbe
FAURE ( Balthazar ) . F A V R A S ( Thomas Mahi ) Marquis de F E R A U D FERSEN ( Axel ) Comte FLESSELLES ( Jacqu es ) d‘ e FONTANES ( Louis ) Comte de
’ FOUCHE ( Joseph ) Duc dOt r an t e 95
F OULLON ( Jo s e ph - Francois ) FOUQUIER - TINVILLE ( Antoine Quentin ) F OU R C R OY ( Antoine - Francois) ’ FOURNIER ( C laude ) dit l Am e r ic ain
F R A N C A S T L E ( Marie - Pierre - Adrien ) — F R E C I N E ( Augustin Lucie ) de . F R E R ON ( Lo uis - Stanislas ) F R E TA U DE SAI NT JUST ( Emmanuel - Marie - Michel - Philippe ) GARAT ( Joseph - Dominique )
GARDIEN ( Jc an - Francois - Martin ) GA R R A U ( Pierre - Anselme) GAUDIN ( Martin - Michel - Charles ) Du e de Gaete GA U T R iE R DE s OR OI E R E s ( Antoine- Francois ) C AVEAUX ( Pierre) “ GENLIS ( Stephanie - Felicite Du c r e s t ) GE N S ON N E ( Armand)
E R E L - G O G ( Jean Francois ) Abbe . GER LE - CH A L I N I Christophe - Antoine ) do m
- — GOBEL Jean Baptiste Jo s e ph e GOHIER ( Louis - Jereme )
C ORSAS ( Antoine - Joseph ) GOSS E C Franc o is - Joseph
GOSSU I N Co nstant - Joseph - E ugene ) GOU JON Jean - Marie - Claude - Alexand re
' GOU P I L L E A U Jean - Franco is - Marie GOURDAN Charles - Claude - Christophe ) GOUTTES ( Jean - Louis ) GRAND ' LIVRE DE LA DETTE PUBLIQUE
GRANGENEUVE ( Jean - An toine - Lafargue de ) GREGOI R E Baptiste - Henri GRIMM ( Frederic - Melchior ) GU A DE T ( Marguerite - Elie GU F F R OY ( Armand - Benoi t—Joseph )
O a GUILL TIN , ( Joseph Ign ce ) GUINE S ( Adrien - L ouis de Bonnieres ) D u e de GU I OT ( Florent )
' GUYTON MOR V E A U ( Lo uis - Bernard ) Baron GUZMAN ( Andre - Marie ) Co mte de _ H A N R I OT ( Franc ois ) HARVILLE ( Lo uis - Auguste Jouvenel des Ursine ) HEBERT ( Jacques - Rene )
HEDOUVILLE ( Gabriel - Marie - Theodore - Joseph ) C omte de
HELVET IUS C laude - Adrian )
HE NRY- LARIVIERE Pierre - Franc o is - Joachim HE RA ULT DE SECHE LLES ( Marie Jean ) HERMAN ( Mart ial Jo s e ph - Armand ) HOC HE ( Lazare ) ’ HOLBAC H ( Paul Thy ry ) Baron d 96
HOUCHAR D ( Jean - Nicolas ) ’ HOU D ETOT ( S Ophie de la Live de Bellegarde ) Comtesse d H U E ( Franc ois ) HUGUE T ( Marc - Antoine ) HULIN ( Pierre - Augustin )
JA GA U L T ( Pierre ) l ’A bbe JARY ( Francois - Joseph ) JE A N B ON SAINT- ANDRE ( Andre ) JC UBERT Barthelemy- Catherine ) JOU B E R T ( Pierre - Mathieu ) JOUR NIAC SAINT MEARD ( Francois ) JU I GN E ( Antoine - E leanor - Leon L e C lerc ) de JULIEN DE TOULOUSE ( Jean ) JULLIEN DE PARI S ( Marc- Antoine ) KELLERMANN ( Franc ois - Cristophe ) Du e de Valmy KER SA INT ( A r mand - Guy- S imon de C o e t n e m pre n ) Comte de KE R V E L E GA N ( Augustin- Bernard- Francois L e go azr e de )
LACOSTE ( Elie ) LAFAYETTE ( Marie- Joseph - Paul - Roch- Ynes - Gilbert D u Motier ) 1 14 Marquis de . , — L AF F ON LADEBAT ( Andre - Daniel
- LA HAR PE ( Jean Franc ois ) de . L AI GN E L OT Jo s e ph - Franc ois L A JOL A I S Frede ric - Michel - Francois - Joseph ) LAKANAL ( Joseph ) LALLY- T OLL E N DAL ( T r o phim e - Gerard ) Marquis de LAMARQUE ( Franc ois ) LAMBAL LE ( Louis - Alexandre Jo s e ph - Stanislas de B o urbon ) P r in c e de
- - LAMBA LLE ( Marie Therese Lo uise de Savoie Carignan ) Princess de . LAMBESC ( Charles - Eugene - de Lo rraine ) Prince de L A ME T H ( Alexandre - Theodore- Victor ) Baron de L AM E T H ( Charles - Malo - Franc ois ) Comte de L A MOU R E R TT E ( An toine - Adrien ) ’ LANCL OS ( Ninon de ) so metimes written L E n c l o s
- L A N JU I N A I S ( Jean Denis ) Comte . LANTHENAS ( Franc ois - Xavier ) LAPORTE ( Arnaud de )
L A R E E L L I E - L E P E A o - 462 V R E U X ( L uis Marie de ) , LA R OU C H E F OU CA U L D LIANCOURT ( Fran c ois - Alexandre- Fred erick) L A SN I E R ( Jacques )
L A S OU R CE - ( Marie David, Alba )
LATOUCHE - T REVILLE ( Louis - Rene - Madeleine L e Vassor ) Comte de LATOUR - MA U B OU R G ( Marie - Charles - C esar de Fay ) L A T U DE ( Henri Masers de )
- LAUN EY ( Bernard Rene Jourdan ) Marquis de .
8
MARIE ANTOINETTE ( Joseph - Jeanne de Lorraine ) Queen o f 5 8 7 9 France , , MARIE ( Josephine - Lo uise) de Savoie
- I E R . MAR THE ESE , de Savoie MARIE TTE Jac qu e s - Christophe - Luc) MARTIN - DA U CH ( Joseph) MASCON ( Jean - Baptiste) Comte de MASSIEU Je au - Baptiste )
- MATHIEU - MI R A MP A L Jean - Baptiste - Charles MAURE Nic o l as - Sylvestre MAUREPAS ( Je au - Frederic Philippeaux ) MAURY ( Jean - S iffr e in ) — MA ZA DE PERCIN ( Julien - Bernard Dorothee ) de MEHUL ( Etienne - Henri )
MENOU Jean - Francois - Abdallah MERCIER ( La femme ) MERCIER ( Louis - Sebastien ) MERLIN DE THION V ILLE ( Anto ine - Christophe ) MESNARD ‘( C lement ) MI A C ZI N SKI ' ( Joseph)
MIRABEAU ( Andre- Boniface - Louis R iqu e t t i) Vicomte de
- MIRABEAU ( Honore Gabriel R iqu e t t i ) Comte de .
MOMORO ( Antoine - Francois ) MONTANE Jac qu e s - Bernard - Marie) MON T A N S I E R ( Marguerite Brunet, dite )
‘ MON T E S QU E U ( Ch arles S e c o n dat de ) Baron de La Brede MON T L OS I E R ( Francois - D o m in iqu e de Reynaud ) Comte de
' MONTMORIN - SAINT - HEREM ( Armand - Marc ) Comte de MOREAU ( Jc an - Victor ) MOUL IN Jean - Francois - Auguste
MOUNI ER ( Jean - Joseph ) MOU R A I N ( Pierre ) ’ MULOT (F rancois - Valentin ) l A bbe MURAT ( Joachim )
MUSSET Jo s e ph - Mathurin) L NAPO EON I . See Bonaparte . NECKER ( Jacques ) NECKER ( Suzanne C u r h o d) Madame
- - NOAILLES ( Catherine Francoise Charlotte de. Cosse Brissac)
N OA l L L E S - ( Louis Marie) Vicomte dc .
P h- il i e - - - Du e NOAILLES ( pp Louis Marie Antoine, de Mouchy, Prince de Poix ) Comte de ORLEANS ( Louise - Marie - Adelaide de Bourbon Penthievre) D u c h
ORLEA NS ( Louis - Philippe - Joseph ) Egalite PACHE Jc an - Nicolas PAINE Thomas P A L L OY Pierre - Francois ) P A N C KOU C KE ( Charles - Joseph ) PARE ( Jules - Francois )
PAROY ( Guy L ege n t il ) Marqu l s de PASSPORT PAYAN Claude - Franco is ) PAYAN ( Joseph - Francois ) PELTIER ( Jean - Gabriel ) PETIET ( C laude - Louis ) PETI ON DE VILLENEUVE ( Jero me ) P H E L I P P E S D E T R ON JOL L Y ( Anne - Louis ) P I C H E GR U Jc an - Charles
PIQUES , LES POLIGNAC ( Gabrielle - Yolande - Claude - Martine de Polastron) Duchesse de
POLIGNAC ( Jules ) Du e de . ’ e it l A m e r ic ain POMME ( Andr , d ) POMPADOUR ( Jeanne - A n t o in e t t e P o is s o n ) Marquis de
- n PONS ( Philippe Laurent , dit Pons de Verdu ) POPULUS ( Mare - Etienne ) Comte PRI EUR ( Pierre - Louis ) ’ - - it l e e d Or PRIEUR DUVERNOIS ( Claude Antoine, d Prieur de C te
PRUDHOMME ( Louis - Marie)
’ I U I SA Y E ( Joseph - Genevieve ) Comte de QUESNAY ( Francois )
QU I N E T TE ( Nicolas - Marie) Baron de Rochemont
KABOUT - DU P U IS ( Pierre - Antoine )
R A B A U T - SAINT - ETIENNE Jc an - Paul
RAYNAL ( Guillaume - Thomas - Francois )
REAL ( P . F . ) REGNIER ( Claude - Ambroise ) Du e de Massa RENAUDIN Jc an - Francois R E U B E L L Jc an - Francois REVEILLON ( Jc an - Baptiste ) R E V E R C H ON ( Jacques ) REVOLUTIONARY TRIBUNAL RICHEMONT ( Claude P e r r e in ) Baron de
RIVIERE ( Charles - Francois de R iff ar de au ) D u e de R OB E R JOT ( Claude ) ROBERT ( Lo uise - Felicite - Gu in e m e n t de Ke r al io ) Madame ROBESPIE RRE ( Auguste E on - Joseph ) R OBESPIERRE ( family ) De
ROBESPIERRE ( Marie - Marguerite - Charlotte ROBESPIERRE ( Maxim il ien ~Mar ie - Isidore ) R OE DE R E R ( Pierre - Louis ) Comte ROGET DE LISLE ( Claude - Joseph ) GU E ME N E E e ROHAN, ( Louis Ren Edward ) Prince and Cardinal de ROLAND ( Jean - Marie) de La P l at iere 100
ROLAND ( Mannon - Jeanne - P hl ipo n ) Madame 308
- 27 3 435 ROMME ( Charles Gilbert) , ROSSIGNOL ( Jean - Antoine) 48 3 ROUSSEAU ( Jean - Jacques ) 8 222 ROYALIST EFFIGIES . . ROYOU ( Jacques - C o n ve n t in ) 5 1 RUELLE ( Albert ) 37 1 RUHL ( Philippe - Jacques ) 426 SAINT - JUST ( Antoine- Louise - Leon ) de 399
SAINT - PRIEST ( Francois - Emmanuel Guignard ) Comte 170
SALLE ( Adrien - Nicolas ) Marquis De La 15 8 SALLE ( Jean Baptiste ) 319 SANSON ( C har l es H e n r i ) 220 SANTERRE ( Antoine - Joseph ) 217 SARRETTE ( Bernard ) 385 SCHNIEDER ( Eulogy) 326
’ SERGENT - MARCEAU ( Antoine - Francois ) 209 SERVAN DE GE R B E Y ( Joseph) 201 SEZE ( Raymond- Romain) de 212 _ Comte - e 1 8 . 127 49 SIEYES ( Emmanuel Joseph ) Abb , S I JA S ( Prosper ) 422 SILLERY ( Charles - Alexis B ru l ar t de Genlis ) Marquis de 298 S OMB R E U I L ( Francois - Charles - Viran ) de 207
S MB R E U I L - il l e u m e 208 O ( Marie Manville Viran ) de Comtesse de V l . SOU B E R B I E L L E ( Jacques ) 25 9 SOU B R A N Y ( Pierre- A m abal e ) 438 STAEL - HOLSTEIN ( Anna Louisa Germaine ) Baron de 29 ’ - - d A u t u n TALLEYRAND PERIGORD ( Charles Maurice . Bishop ) Marquis de 487 T A L L I E N ( Jc an - Lambert ) 4 1 1
T A L L I E N Je an s Mar ie - T h e r e z ia e 41 ( de Font nai , nee Cabarrus ) Madame 2
TARGET ( Gu y- Jean - Baptiste ) 175 TERRAY ( Joseph Marie ) l ’A bbe 22 THERMIDOR 4 18
THERMIDOR 9 . 41 9 THERMIDOR 420 T H E R OI GN E DE MERICOURT ( Anne - Jo s eph e T e rwan ge ) 1 69 THEVENARD ( Antoine - Jean - Marie) 200 THIBAUDEAU ( Antoine - Claire ) Comte 447 THIBAULT ( Anne - Alexandre - Marie ) 97 ' ’ I H I E R R Y VILLE D AVRAY ( Marc - Antoine ) 206 — T H OU R E T ( Jacques Guillaume ) 141
T H R I T - 1 0 U O DE LA . ROZIERE ( Jacques Alexis ) 6
- - A . . 1 7 9 1 0 6 TOURZEL ( Louise Marie J de Croy ) Madame de , 8 , 23 T R E I L H A R D ( Jean - Baptiste ) Comte 143
T R E N C K ( Friedrich ) Baron de . TRONCHET ( F rancois - Denis ) ’ TURGOT ( Anne - Robert - Jacques ) Baron de l A u l n e