DOCSLIB.ORG

6 X 10.5 Long Title.P65

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67408-9 - Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler Shelley Baranowski Index More information Index Africans/Afro-Germans Arrow Cross, 312, 347 impact of Nuremberg Laws on, 208–09 Artaman League, 181 sterilization of, 227 Association for Germandom Abroad Afrika Korps, 336 (Verein für das Deutschtum in Agrarian League, 25, 44, 168 Ausland), 154 Ahlwardt, Hermann, 24 Atlantic Charter, 287 Ali-Husseini. Amin (Grand Mufti of August-Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 168 Jerusalem), 336 Auschwitz-Birkenau, 191, 307, 331, 332, Allianz, 307 335, 342 Alsace and Lorraine, 17, 19, 22, 78, 86, Austria, 131, 132, 133, 152, 175, 203, 217, 110, 131, 145, 260, 290, 302, 309 222, 223, 262, 296, 298, 303, 305, Alvensleben, Ludolf von, 236, 237 308, 317, 318, 320, 331 Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935), anti-Jewish measures introduced in, 203 223–24 antisemitism German annexation of, 223–24, 312 and anti-Marxism/anti-Bolshevism, 267, Pan-German demand for annexation 280, 326–27 of, 131 boycott of Jewish businesses (1933), Papen’s attempted customs union with, 183–84 160 in Imperial Germany, 24–27 Austro-Hungarian Empire/Austria in prewar Third Reich, 326–27 Hungary, 19, 31, 35, 61, 79, 94, 103, Crystal Night (Kristallnacht) pogrom 104, 132, 217, 322 (1938), 224–27 antisemitism in, 26 Nazi radicalization and aryanization, as Imperial Germany’s one ally, 41 of German Fatherland Party, 101–2 disintegration of, 110 of Pan-German League, 45, 46, 130 harsh measures against Serbs, 85 under the Weimar Republic, 124–26, military defeats of, 79 129–31 threat of Serbian nationalism to, Anti-Socialist Law, 34 62 Antonescu, Ion, 314, 323–24 ultimatum to Serbia, 62, 71 Arendt, Hannah, 1, 8 Autobahn, 196, 201 Armenian Genocide, (1915) 91–93 Auxiliary Service Law. See Hindenburg Army League, 46, 85 Program (1916) 357 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67408-9 - Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler Shelley Baranowski Index More information 358 Index Babi Yar, 319 Bismarck, Otto von, 16, 17, 19, 20, 28–33, Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem, 318, 330 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 51, 61, 135, 138 Backe, Herbert, 195, 200, 266, 267, 270, antisocialism of, 20, 21 287 attempts at domestic consolidation, 14, Baden, Prince Max von, 20–21, 27–29 Balkans, 31, 35, 256, 272, 273, 280 continental foreign policy of, 28 Barbarossa, 261, 262, 272, 275, 287, 297, expulsion of Russian and Galician Poles, 303, 314, 315, 316, 323, 324, 326, 22, 24 328, 330, 336, 353 Germanization policies of, 21–22, comparison with decimation of native 23–24, 175 peoples in the Americas, 294 imperialism and colonialism of, 28–33 comparisons with planning for Africa, resignation of, 33–34 268–69 role in unification, 10 early Soviet defeats, 272–75 Bleichröder, Gerson, 35 German military setbacks, 277–80 Blomberg, General Werner von, 172, 175, German planning for, 264–72 176, 200, 216, 217 German treatment of civilians, 284–86 Böckel, Otto, 24 German treatment of Soviet POWs, 280, Bolshevism/anti-Bolshevism, 108, 112, 127, 282–84 128–29, 133, 177, 206, 233, 267, 274, Hunger plan of, 266–67, 320–21 287, 316, 345, 346, 348 popular reactions in Germany to, Bouhler, Philipp, 252, 321, 331 273–74 Brack, Vicktor, 331 Battle for Culture/Kulturkampf. Brandt, Karl, 252 See Catholics/Catholicism Brauchitsch, Walther von, 298 Battle of Tannenberg (1914), 143 Braun, Otto, 161 Bavaria Bredow, General Erich von, 198 counterrevolution in (1918–19), 131, Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918), 103–04 133, 136, 140, 180–81 Brockdorff-Rantzau, Count Ulrich von, synchronization of (1933), 180–81 112 Belgium, 78, 82, 106, 138, 145, 332 Brüning, Heinrich, 159, 160, 161, 164, German invasion and occupation of, 166, 169, 170, 177, 194, 198 85–86, 262, 311 appointment/tenure as chancellor, 159–60 Belgium and France Bucharest, Treaty of, 103 Imperial German occupation of, 85–86 Buchenwald, 284 Belorussia, 103, 222, 275, 284, 289, 321, Bulgaria, 104, 272 331, 343, 345 joins Central Powers, 80 Bełżec, 331 resistance to deportation of Jews, Berlin to Baghdad railroad, 39, 77 346–47 Berlin West Africa Conference (1884–5), Bülow, Bernhard von, 39, 60, 64, 65 29–31, 32 appointment as chancellor, 52 Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel, 117 attempt at anti-British alliance, 64 Bessarabia and Bukovina, 303, 314, Bürckel, Josef, 302 324 Best, Werner, 130, 259 Caprivi, Leo von, 35 plans for ethnic restructing of Western Zanzibar-Heligoland Treaty concluded Europe, 290–91 by, 36, 42 Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, 58, 65, Cartel of Productive Estates, 61, 96, 100 71, 75–78, 81, 82, 100, 102 Catholics/Catholicism, 5, 21, 51, 57, 70, opposition to unrestricted submarine 106, 162, 165, 198, 228, 256 warfare, 95 backlash against euthanasia, 256 dismissal of, 75–78 Battle for Culture (Kulturkampf), 17–19 Biebow, Hans, 307 conflicts with Nazi regime, 201–2 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67408-9 - Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler Shelley Baranowski Index More information Index 359 nationalism of, 18, 70 Dachau concentration camp support for Enabling Law, 179 differences from colonial camps, 181–82 Center party/Center, 21, 25, 32, 34, 37, Daladier, Edouard, 300 60, 68, 75, 93, 96, 100, 104, 107, 117, Daluege, Kurt, 204 119, 124, 127, 143, 159, 160, 165, 180 Dannecker, Theodor, 310 agrarian interests of, 179 Danzig-West Prussia, 243, 250, 251, 253 rightward drift of, 179 Darré, Walther, 141, 195, 199, 200, 241 support for Enabling Law, 179 Dawes Plan, 121, 144, 145 Central Powers (Germany, Austria- de Gaulle, Charles, 262 Hungary, Ottoman Empire) death camps maritime disadvantages of, 83 construction and operation of, 330–36 military advances of, 83 “efficiency”/technology of,330–36 military weaknesses of, 83 Delbo, Charlotte, 335 Cesairé, Aimé, 334 Democratic Party, 127 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 26 Denmark, 9, 22, 292 Chamberlain, Neville, 220, 263 German invasion and occupation of Chełmno (Kulmhof), 307, 331 (1940), 311, 346 Christian-National Peasants and Labor rescue of Danish Jews, 346 Party (CNBLP), 157 Dernburg, Bernhard, 52 Churchill, Winston, 263, 287 Dinter, Artur, 205 Class, Heinrich, 43, 44, 71, 131, 139 Sins against the Blood, 102 Colonial Association, 41 Dollfuss, Engelbert, 203 Colonial Office, 47 Dönitz, Grand Admiral Karl, 355 Colonial Society, 29, 41, 45, 56, 59, 152 Drexler, Anton, 133 Colonial Women’s League, 153 Dreyfus Affair, 27 Committee for Union and Progress. See Ottoman Empire Eastern Galicia, 289, 322–23, 325, 329, Communist Party of Germany (KPD)/ 340 Communists, 119, 126–27, 137, 148, Eastern Marches League (Hakatisten), 42, 161, 164, 169, 175, 179, 181, 182, 43, 45 197, 203, 230 Ebert, Friedrich, 106, 107, 108, 110, 143 Confessing Church. See Protestants/ Ehrhardt, Hermann, 117, 124, 131 Protestantism, conflicts with Nazi Eichmann, Adolf, 223, 302, 310, 313, 348, regime 351 Conrad von Hötzendorf, Count Franz, 79 orchestration of Nisko Project, 298–99 conservative elites trial in Jerusalem of, 298–99 anti-republicanism of, 127–29 Eisner, Kurt, 125, 131 Conservative Party (DKP)/Conservatives, El Alamein, 336, 337, 346 21, 25, 28, 29, 57, 58, 59, 61, 75, 119 Enabling Law, 180 Conti, Leonardo, 254 Entente/Entente Cordiale/Triple Entente Controlled Economy (Zwangswirtschaft), (Great Britain, France, Russian 84, 98, 129, 130 Empire), 4, 7, 39, 57, 58, 68, 69, 70, Cooper, Frederick, 4 72, 77, 78, 79, 92, 94, 99, 104, 106, Crimea, 277, 321 112, 116, 119, 121, 123, 130, 133, German plans for, 288 134, 135, 137, 141, 146, 150, 152, Croatia, 272, 277, 349 155, 158, 170, 176, 196, 198, 208, 229 Crystal Night (Kristallnacht). anti-Bolshevism of, 115 See antisemitism enforcement of Versailles Treaty, 115 Czechoslovakia, 146, 217, 222, 223, 229, Erzberger, Matthias, 100, 124 272, 290 Estonian, 287, 289 annexation and dismemberment of Ethic German Self-Protection Force (1938–39), 220–21 (Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz), 236 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67408-9 - Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler Shelley Baranowski Index More information 360 Index ethnic Germans (Volksdeutschen), 195, Frank, Hans, 282, 299, 301, 320, 330, 341 231, 246 Franz-Ferdinand, Archduke, 61 collaboration in Final Solution, 345–46 Frederick Barbarossa (Frederick I resettlement of, 239–40, 245–46, Hohenstaufen), 273 248–51, 268–70, 287–88 Frederick the Great, 10, 23, 178 “stranding” of, 131, 135, 139, 146–48, Free Conservative Party/Free 152–55 Conservatives, 21, 33 attacks on Poles (1939), 235–38 Free Corps (Freikorps), 109, 112, 116, ethnic/racial community 117–18, 125, 128, 130, 136, 143, 181, (Volksgemeinschaft), 55, 68, 69, 96, 199, 200, 204, 236, 243, 245, 289, 99, 101, 182, 202, 204, 207, 209, 214, 330, 338, 339 215, 228, 232, 345–46 Baltic campaigns of, (1918–20), 117–18 and Nazi social policy, 210–15 formation of, 117–18 nationalist conceptions of, World War I, role in Kapp Putsch, 117–18 68–78, 81–82 Frick, Wilhelm, 172, 177, 180–81, 188, 199 Nazis’ appeal to, 164–66 Friedrich Wilhelm (Elector of Eulenberg, Philipp, 35, 61, 128 Brandenburg), 12 euthanasia, 252–56 Galen, Bishop Clemens August von. Fabri, Friedrich, 29, 31 See Catholics/Catholicism: backlash Falkenhayn, Erich von, 79, 80, 81 against euthanasia removal of, 95 Gayl, Wilhelm Freiherr von Feder, Gottfried, 133 career in Ober Ost,
Recommended publications
  • The Role of Private Property in the Nazi Economy: the Case of Industry

    The Role of Private Property in the Nazi Economy: the Case of Industry

    The Role of Private Property in the Nazi Economy: The Case of Industry Christoph Buchheim and Jonas Scherner, University of Mannheim, Germany Prof. Dr. Christoph Buchheim Dr. Jonas Scherner Chair of Economic History Seminar of Economic and Social History University of Mannheim University of Mannheim L 7,3-5 L7, 3-5 D-68131 Mannheim D-68131 Mannheim Germany Germany e-Mail: [email protected] e-Mail: [email protected] The Role of Private Property in the Nazi Economy: The Case of Industry Abstract. Private property in the industry of the Third Reich is often considered a mere formal provision without much substance. However, that is not correct, because firms, despite the rationing and licensing activities of the state, still had ample scope to devise their own production and investment patterns. Even regarding war-related projects freedom of contract was generally respected and, instead of using power, the state offered firms a bundle of contract options to choose from. There were several motives behind this attitude of the regime, among them the conviction that private property provided important incentives for increasing efficiency. I. The Nazi regime did not have any scruples to apply force and terror, if that was judged useful to attain its aims. And in economic policy it did not abstain from numerous regulations and interventions in markets, in order to further rearmament and autarky as far as possible. Thus the regime, by promulgating Schacht’s so-called “New Plan” in 1934, very much strengthened its influence on foreign exchange as well as on raw materials’ allocation, in order to enforce state priorities.
  • Introduction to the Captured German Records at the National Archives

    Introduction to the Captured German Records at the National Archives

    THE KNOW YOUR RECORDS PROGRAM consists of free events with up-to-date information about our holdings. Events offer opportunities for you to learn about the National Archives’ records through ongoing lectures, monthly genealogy programs, and the annual genealogy fair. Additional resources include online reference reports for genealogical research, and the newsletter Researcher News. www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is the nation's record keeper. Of all the documents and materials created in the course of business conducted by the United States Federal government, only 1%–3% are determined permanently valuable. Those valuable records are preserved and are available to you, whether you want to see if they contain clues about your family’s history, need to prove a veteran’s military service, or are researching an historical topic that interests you. www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records December 14, 2016 Rachael Salyer Rachael Salyer, archivist, discusses records from Record Group 242, the National Archives Collection of Foreign Records Seized, and offers strategies for starting your historical or genealogical research using the Captured German Records. www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records Rachael is currently an archivist in the Textual Processing unit at the National Archives in College Park, MD. In addition, she assists the Reference unit respond to inquiries about World War II and Captured German records. Her career with us started in the Textual Research Room. Before coming to the National Archives, Rachael worked primarily as a professor of German at Clark University in Worcester, MA and a professor of English at American International College in Springfield, MA.
  • Racial State” by Scholars

    Racial State” by Scholars

    Obsession, Separation, and Extermination: The Nazi Reordering of Germany 2. Nazi Germany is described as a “Racial State” by scholars. Explain the place of racism and in particular of anti-Semitism to the Nazi reordering of Germany and of Europe. In your analysis pay attention to both ideology and practice, to domestic and foreign policy, to culture and to politics. Following the Nazi rise to power, officials declared that “hereafter the Reich will recognize only three classes: Germans (of German or related blood), Jews and ‘Jewish mixtures’” (Birchall, “Reich Puts Laws on Jews in Force; Trade Untouched”, in Moeller, 98). This quote lies in a source written in 1935, well before the mass extermination of the Jewish population began in the Third Reich. The politics of the Reich were built around a feeling of Volk and racial similarities; those who were declared to be outside of the Volk were ostracized by the practice of laws within the German culture. Racist ideology was formed and manifested quickly upon the rise of Nazi power, with racial laws causing an obsession with heritage and the split of Germans and Jews. Nazi racism spread internationally as well, particularly as the Nazis began the occupation of Poland, Austria, and other nations. This potent racism, especially toward Jews, fueled the manner in which the Nazis reordered the German nation into a race-obsessed state and spread their obsession into neighboring countries. Politics were the origin of the extreme anti-Semitism in Nazi German. The politicians decided what the German people should believe and advertised it well enough to succeed in changing the outlook of the population.
  • German History Reflected

    German History Reflected

    The Detlev Rohwedder Building German history reflected GFE = 1/2 Formathöhe The Detlev Rohwedder Building German history reflected Contents 3 Introduction 44 Reunification and Change 46 The euphoria of unity 4 The Reich Aviation Ministry 48 A tainted place 50 The Treuhandanstalt 6 Inception 53 The architecture of reunification 10 The nerve centre of power 56 In conversation with 14 Courage to resist: the Rote Kapelle Hans-Michael Meyer-Sebastian 18 Architecture under the Nazis 58 The Federal Ministry of Finance 22 The House of Ministries 60 A living place today 24 The changing face of a colossus 64 Experiencing and creating history 28 The government clashes with the people 66 How do you feel about working in this building? 32 Socialist aspirations meet social reality 69 A stroll along Wilhelmstrasse 34 Isolation and separation 36 Escape from the state 38 New paths and a dead-end 72 Chronicle of the Detlev Rohwedder Building 40 Architecture after the war – 77 Further reading a building is transformed 79 Imprint 42 In conversation with Jürgen Dröse 2 Contents Introduction The Detlev Rohwedder Building, home to Germany’s the House of Ministries, foreshadowing the country- Federal Ministry of Finance since 1999, bears wide uprising on 17 June. Eight years later, the Berlin witness to the upheavals of recent German history Wall began to cast its shadow just a few steps away. like almost no other structure. After reunification, the Treuhandanstalt, the body Constructed as the Reich Aviation Ministry, the charged with the GDR’s financial liquidation, moved vast site was the nerve centre of power under into the building.
  • 6 the Causes of World War Ii in Europe: Hitlerls

    6 the Causes of World War Ii in Europe: Hitlerls

    6 THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II IN EUROPE: HITLER’S WAR As you read this chapter, consider the following essay question: • To what extent was World War II ‘Hitler’s War’? As you have read, there were problems with peacekeeping in the 1920s, and there were aggressive and expansionist states that were threatening peace (Japan in Manchuria and Italy in Abyssinia) in the 1930s. Yet according to some historians, and according to Britain’s wartime leader, Winston Churchill, World War II was primarily caused by the ambitions and policies of Adolf Hitler – the conflict was ‘Hitler’s War’. Timeline to the outbreak of war – 1933–39 1933 Jan Hitler becomes Chancellor in Germany Feb Hitler introduces programme of rearmament Oct Hitler leaves Disarmament Conference / announces intention to withdraw Germany from A Nazi election poster from the 1930s. The text translates League of Nations ‘Break free now! Vote Hitler.’ 1934 Jan Germany signs Non-Aggression Pact with Poland 1935 Jan Plebiscite in Saar; Germans there vote for return of territory to Germany Mar Conscription re-introduced in Germany. Stresa agreements between Britain, France and Italy Jun Anglo-German Naval Treaty Oct Italian invasion of Abyssinia 1936 Mar Germany remilitarizes the Rhineland Jun Hitler sends military support to Franco’s Nationalists in Spain Aug Hitler’s Four Year Plan drafted for war Nov Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan; Rome–Berlin Axis signed 1937 May Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister in Britain Jul Sino-Japanese War begins Nov Hossbach Memorandum; war plans meeting
  • The Practice of Genealogy in the Third Reich. Phd Thesis

    The Practice of Genealogy in the Third Reich. Phd Thesis

    Baruah-Young, William L (2014) From hobby to necessity: the practice of genealogy in the Third Reich. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5306/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten:Theses http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] From hobby to necessity: the practice of genealogy in the Third Reich William Lee Baruah-Young BA (hons) MSc Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Humanities Advanced Technology and Information Institute School of Humanities College of Arts University of Glasgow June 2014© 2 Abstract After achieving political power in January 1933, the Nazis began to plan and implement racial policies that would redefine the lives of ordinary men and women. Persistently promoted as health measures, many of the racial policies enacted would go on to have considerable and, in many cases, devastating consequences for the family sphere. This thesis examines one aspect of Nazi policy, the practice of genealogy. Re-envisioned and turned into a civic duty of the ‘responsible citizen,’ this one-time hobby forced Germans to reassess friendships, marriages and courtships.
  • Hitler and Nazi Germany Notes

    Hitler and Nazi Germany Notes

    1 FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERISTY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY EUH 4465 Hitler and Nazi Germany SPRING 2004 Dr. Patricia Kollander AL 153 Ext. 2725 E-mail: [email protected] Office hours—MWF 3-4PM; T 9AM-NOON This course will provide a survey of German history prior to the Nazi era, and will focus on Hitler’s rise to power, and the politics and policies of the Nazi regime, the road to world war, the Holocaust and the Nazi legacy. The course will also analyze the Hitler regime within the broader context of modern German history. This is a web-assisted course. Syllabi, handouts and PowerPoint presentations will appear on BlackBoard. To access these materials, please log on to http://blackboard.fau.edu. Please note: Using Blackboard does not preclude your requirement to attend all lectures. Reading to be purchased at the bookstore: Richard Bessel, Life in the Third Reich Rita Botwinick, A History of the Holocaust Benjamin Sax and Dieter Kuntz, eds., Inside Hitler's Germany Jackson Spielvogel, Hitler and Nazi Germany Recommended Reading available at the bookstore Mary Fulbrook, A Concise History of Germany (1990) Norman Rich, Hitler’s War Aims Attendance at weekly sessions is mandatory. For each unexcused absence, one point will be deducted from the final grade. Grading: Written work: Students are required to submit two essays. These papers must be based on class readings. Outside sources (other books, internet sites) CANNOT be used. The first essay – The class has been divided into eight groups. A topic has been selected for each group. The groups shall meet at the beginning of the semester and select one person to deliver a 15-20 minute presentation to the class on the topic (Use of PowerPoint is highly recommended).
  • Forced and Slave Labor in Nazi-Dominated Europe

    Forced and Slave Labor in Nazi-Dominated Europe

    UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES Forced and Slave Labor in Nazi-Dominated Europe Symposium Presentations W A S H I N G T O N , D. C. Forced and Slave Labor in Nazi-Dominated Europe Symposium Presentations CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM 2004 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council or of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2004 Copyright © 2004 by Peter Hayes, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Michael Thad Allen, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Paul Jaskot, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Wolf Gruner, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Randolph L. Braham, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Christopher R. Browning, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by William Rosenzweig, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Andrej Angrick, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Sarah B. Farmer, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Rolf Keller, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................i
  • The Holocaust (Shoah) (1939-1945)

    The Holocaust (Shoah) (1939-1945)

    The Holocaust (Shoah) (1939-1945) This essay is not meant to be comprehensive. Rather, this is a narrative summary of my presentation. Holocaust historian Karl Schleunes wrote about the “Twisted Road to Auschwitz” that explored how the Nazis ended up building camps of mass murder. It is a useful description as it allows us to blend together some of the myriad forces acting together to create a “perfect storm.” As survivor Emil Fackenheim writes, “The murder camp was not an accidental by-product of the Nazi empire. It was its essence.” Nazi Germany was on a trajectory of mass murder and atrocity from its onset. The unfolding of genocides in Europe is a complex phenomenon, but for our purposes we will focus on: Nazi “ideology” and the bureaucratic, competitive, feudal nature of the Nazi state; process and innovation; Hitler’s function as leader and individual initiatives of “working towards the Führer”; the influence of the unfolding wartime situation; and the influence of location, specifically Eastern Europe. Ideology is not something that can be imposed “from the top.” Rather, ideology is a packaged expression of cultural symbols, desires, and perspectives that “make sense” to a public at large. Holocaust historian Doris Bergen sums up Nazi ideology with the phrase, “Race and Space.” Nazism was rooted in racial theory that had become popular within professional circles by the turn of the twentieth century. For the Nazis, “racial” survivor was predicated on a social Darwinist view of natural competition and survival. Not only was it necessary to weed out “threatening” gene pools from the “Aryan” it was also necessary for the “Aryan” to find living space or lebensraum.
  • An Examination of the Trends of Empire and Genocide from German Southwest Africa to the General Government Laura Guebert Murray State University

    An Examination of the Trends of Empire and Genocide from German Southwest Africa to the General Government Laura Guebert Murray State University

    Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal Volume 2 Article 4 Issue 1 Spring 2018 2018 The mpI erial Legacy: An Examination of the Trends of Empire and Genocide from German Southwest Africa to the General Government Laura Guebert Murray State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/steeplechase Part of the African History Commons, African Languages and Societies Commons, Cultural History Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, European History Commons, Military History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Guebert, Laura (2018) "The mpeI rial Legacy: An Examination of the Trends of Empire and Genocide from German Southwest Africa to the General Government," Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal: Vol. 2 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/steeplechase/vol2/iss1/4 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Office of Research and Creative Activity at Murray State's Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal by an authorized editor of Murray State's Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Introduction The study of history is often mistaken for a static subject bent on the examination of fixed events from which can be derived only a singular conclusion. However, such a perspective presents a woeful ignorance of the subject itself and the events under study. While the matters of the past are most certainly fixed in space, the insight and opportunity for engagement presented by these same events are nearly limitless in regard to the present and future.
  • El Antisemitismo Y Otros Escritos

    El Antisemitismo Y Otros Escritos

    JUAN SEBASTIÁN GÓMEZ JERIA, AOG. EL ANTISEMITISMO Y OTROS ESCRITOS. ANTISEMITISM AND OTHER WRITINGS. EDICIONES LA RUNA DEL LOBO. 2006. ISBN: 956-291-986-2 PARA LA EDICIÓN IMPRESA. Todos los derechos reservados. Ó Juan Sebastián Gómez Jeria. Primera Edición 2006. Registro de Propiedad Intelectual Inscripciones N° 136.171 (2003), 139.790 (2004) y 141.164 (2004). Santiago de Chile Edición electrónica del año 2011. Este archivo puede ser subido a cualquier sitio Web en forma gratuita y sin consultar al autor. Puede ser descargado y compartido libremente. 2011 e-book. This e- book may be uploaded freely to any Website. All permissions, including free download, stocking in any Library, free distribution, free exchange, etc. are granted. You may contact the author for any suggestion. 2 Habiendo viajado a lugares A los que pocos han ido Y menos regresado Me he concedido el derecho De decidir cuando abandonar este. El autor. La verdad prevalecerá. (Divisa de los hussitas). 3 ÍNDICE. 1. El antisemitismo …………………………………………………. .. 11. 2. Apéndice A. El antisemitismo en textos ……………………….…. 59. 3. Especie humana y razas …………………………………………… . 99. 4. Etapas de la teoría racial nacionalsocialista ………………………. 135. 5. Apéndice B. Documentación ………………………………………. 165. 4 PREFACIO. Los primeros dos capítulos que se presentan aquí corresponden a lo que yo esperaba fuera parte de una introducción previa al estudio de ciertas características de la ciencia y la investigación en el Estado Nacionalsocialista (o Tercer Reich). Desgraciadamente el tiempo corre inexorablemente y, en el caso de este autor, parece correr aún más velozmente que para el común de los mortales. Por ello decidí incluir en este libro lo que creo está suficientemente claro como para ser sometido al escrutinio y la crítica del lector curioso.
  • European Elites and Ideas of Empire, 1917–1957

    European Elites and Ideas of Empire, 1917–1957

    Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.22, on 02 Oct 2021 at 05:04:48, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/DC85C5D84467A2F4A8F8E5EE7BD2B4AA Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.22, on 02 Oct 2021 at 05:04:48, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/DC85C5D84467A2F4A8F8E5EE7BD2B4AA EUROPEAN ELITES AND IDEAS OF EMPIRE, 1917–1957 Who thought of Europe as a community before its economic integra- tion in 1957? Dina Gusejnova illustrates how a supranational European mentality was forged from depleted imperial identities. In the revolutions of 1917–1920, the power of the Hohenzollern, Habsburg, and Romanoff dynasties over their subjects expired. Even though Germany lost its credit as a world power twice in that century, in the global cultural memory, the old Germanic families remained associated with the idea of Europe in areas reaching from Mexico to the Baltic region and India. Gusejnova’s book sheds light on a group of German-speaking intellectuals of aristocratic origin who became pioneers of Europe’s future regeneration. In the minds of transnational elites, the continent’s future horizons retained the con- tours of phantom empires. This title is available as Open Access at 10.1017/9781316343050. dina gusejnova is Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Sheffield. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.22, on 02 Oct 2021 at 05:04:48, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.