El Antisemitismo Y Otros Escritos
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Racial State” by Scholars
Obsession, Separation, and Extermination: The Nazi Reordering of Germany 2. Nazi Germany is described as a “Racial State” by scholars. Explain the place of racism and in particular of anti-Semitism to the Nazi reordering of Germany and of Europe. In your analysis pay attention to both ideology and practice, to domestic and foreign policy, to culture and to politics. Following the Nazi rise to power, officials declared that “hereafter the Reich will recognize only three classes: Germans (of German or related blood), Jews and ‘Jewish mixtures’” (Birchall, “Reich Puts Laws on Jews in Force; Trade Untouched”, in Moeller, 98). This quote lies in a source written in 1935, well before the mass extermination of the Jewish population began in the Third Reich. The politics of the Reich were built around a feeling of Volk and racial similarities; those who were declared to be outside of the Volk were ostracized by the practice of laws within the German culture. Racist ideology was formed and manifested quickly upon the rise of Nazi power, with racial laws causing an obsession with heritage and the split of Germans and Jews. Nazi racism spread internationally as well, particularly as the Nazis began the occupation of Poland, Austria, and other nations. This potent racism, especially toward Jews, fueled the manner in which the Nazis reordered the German nation into a race-obsessed state and spread their obsession into neighboring countries. Politics were the origin of the extreme anti-Semitism in Nazi German. The politicians decided what the German people should believe and advertised it well enough to succeed in changing the outlook of the population. -
The Practice of Genealogy in the Third Reich. Phd Thesis
Baruah-Young, William L (2014) From hobby to necessity: the practice of genealogy in the Third Reich. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5306/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten:Theses http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] From hobby to necessity: the practice of genealogy in the Third Reich William Lee Baruah-Young BA (hons) MSc Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Humanities Advanced Technology and Information Institute School of Humanities College of Arts University of Glasgow June 2014© 2 Abstract After achieving political power in January 1933, the Nazis began to plan and implement racial policies that would redefine the lives of ordinary men and women. Persistently promoted as health measures, many of the racial policies enacted would go on to have considerable and, in many cases, devastating consequences for the family sphere. This thesis examines one aspect of Nazi policy, the practice of genealogy. Re-envisioned and turned into a civic duty of the ‘responsible citizen,’ this one-time hobby forced Germans to reassess friendships, marriages and courtships. -
An Examination of the Trends of Empire and Genocide from German Southwest Africa to the General Government Laura Guebert Murray State University
Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal Volume 2 Article 4 Issue 1 Spring 2018 2018 The mpI erial Legacy: An Examination of the Trends of Empire and Genocide from German Southwest Africa to the General Government Laura Guebert Murray State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/steeplechase Part of the African History Commons, African Languages and Societies Commons, Cultural History Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, European History Commons, Military History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Guebert, Laura (2018) "The mpeI rial Legacy: An Examination of the Trends of Empire and Genocide from German Southwest Africa to the General Government," Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal: Vol. 2 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/steeplechase/vol2/iss1/4 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Office of Research and Creative Activity at Murray State's Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal by an authorized editor of Murray State's Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Introduction The study of history is often mistaken for a static subject bent on the examination of fixed events from which can be derived only a singular conclusion. However, such a perspective presents a woeful ignorance of the subject itself and the events under study. While the matters of the past are most certainly fixed in space, the insight and opportunity for engagement presented by these same events are nearly limitless in regard to the present and future. -
6 X 10.5 Long Title.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67408-9 - Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler Shelley Baranowski Index More information Index Africans/Afro-Germans Arrow Cross, 312, 347 impact of Nuremberg Laws on, 208–09 Artaman League, 181 sterilization of, 227 Association for Germandom Abroad Afrika Korps, 336 (Verein für das Deutschtum in Agrarian League, 25, 44, 168 Ausland), 154 Ahlwardt, Hermann, 24 Atlantic Charter, 287 Ali-Husseini. Amin (Grand Mufti of August-Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 168 Jerusalem), 336 Auschwitz-Birkenau, 191, 307, 331, 332, Allianz, 307 335, 342 Alsace and Lorraine, 17, 19, 22, 78, 86, Austria, 131, 132, 133, 152, 175, 203, 217, 110, 131, 145, 260, 290, 302, 309 222, 223, 262, 296, 298, 303, 305, Alvensleben, Ludolf von, 236, 237 308, 317, 318, 320, 331 Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935), anti-Jewish measures introduced in, 203 223–24 antisemitism German annexation of, 223–24, 312 and anti-Marxism/anti-Bolshevism, 267, Pan-German demand for annexation 280, 326–27 of, 131 boycott of Jewish businesses (1933), Papen’s attempted customs union with, 183–84 160 in Imperial Germany, 24–27 Austro-Hungarian Empire/Austria in prewar Third Reich, 326–27 Hungary, 19, 31, 35, 61, 79, 94, 103, Crystal Night (Kristallnacht) pogrom 104, 132, 217, 322 (1938), 224–27 antisemitism in, 26 Nazi radicalization and aryanization, as Imperial Germany’s one ally, 41 of German Fatherland Party, 101–2 disintegration of, 110 of Pan-German League, 45, 46, 130 harsh measures against Serbs, 85 under the Weimar Republic, 124–26, military defeats of, 79 129–31 threat of Serbian nationalism to, Anti-Socialist Law, 34 62 Antonescu, Ion, 314, 323–24 ultimatum to Serbia, 62, 71 Arendt, Hannah, 1, 8 Autobahn, 196, 201 Armenian Genocide, (1915) 91–93 Auxiliary Service Law. -
European Elites and Ideas of Empire, 1917–1957
Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.22, on 02 Oct 2021 at 05:04:48, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/DC85C5D84467A2F4A8F8E5EE7BD2B4AA Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.22, on 02 Oct 2021 at 05:04:48, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/DC85C5D84467A2F4A8F8E5EE7BD2B4AA EUROPEAN ELITES AND IDEAS OF EMPIRE, 1917–1957 Who thought of Europe as a community before its economic integra- tion in 1957? Dina Gusejnova illustrates how a supranational European mentality was forged from depleted imperial identities. In the revolutions of 1917–1920, the power of the Hohenzollern, Habsburg, and Romanoff dynasties over their subjects expired. Even though Germany lost its credit as a world power twice in that century, in the global cultural memory, the old Germanic families remained associated with the idea of Europe in areas reaching from Mexico to the Baltic region and India. Gusejnova’s book sheds light on a group of German-speaking intellectuals of aristocratic origin who became pioneers of Europe’s future regeneration. In the minds of transnational elites, the continent’s future horizons retained the con- tours of phantom empires. This title is available as Open Access at 10.1017/9781316343050. dina gusejnova is Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Sheffield. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.22, on 02 Oct 2021 at 05:04:48, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. -
Making Sense of National Socialism: Linguistic Ideology and Linguistic Practices in Germany, 1933-1939
MAKING SENSE OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM: LINGUISTIC IDEOLOGY AND LINGUISTIC PRACTICES IN GERMANY, 1933-1939 by Emily Elizabeth Sheppard A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Department of Social Justice Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto © Copyright by Emily Elizabeth Sheppard 2014 MAKING SENSE OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM: LINGUISTIC IDEOLOGY AND LINGUISTIC PRACTICES IN GERMANY, 1933-1939 Master of Arts 2014 Emily Elizabeth Sheppard Department of Social Justice Education University of Toronto Abstract This work approaches the question of how to make sense of German National Socialism from a joint political economic and linguistic perspective. It charts the historical emergence of Nazism and its linguistic ideology before analysing its linguistic practices in the fields of law, the mass media, and education. Plying these two strands together, it is argued that a racially-inflected understanding of language as “mother-tongue” informed the Nazis’ re-envisioning of German community, while certain practical uses of language contributed to the Nazi state’s attempt to make this community both discursively and materially real. Finally, the possibility is raised of extending the mode of enquiry modelled here to Italian Fascism and Spanish Francoism, but also to the linguistic ideologies and practices that characterise global capitalism, in an attempt to make sense of the present. ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank the members of my supervisory committee, Monica Heller and Bonnie McElhinny, for their support and guidance throughout the production of this thesis but also for having inspired it in the first place: it is to them that I owe the idea of combining political economic analysis with the study of linguistic ideologies and practices, an idea that I expect will remain a cornerstone of my work in future. -
European Elites and Ideas of Empire, 1917…1957
EUROPEAN ELITES AND IDEAS OF EMPIRE, 1917–1957 Who thought of Europe as a community before its economic integra- tion in 1957? Dina Gusejnova illustrates how a supranational European mentality was forged from depleted imperial identities. In the revolutions of 1917–1920, the power of the Hohenzollern, Habsburg, and Romanoff dynasties over their subjects expired. Even though Germany lost its credit as a world power twice in that century, in the global cultural memory, the old Germanic families remained associated with the idea of Europe in areas reaching from Mexico to the Baltic region and India. Gusejnova’s book sheds light on a group of German-speaking intellectuals of aristocratic origin who became pioneers of Europe’s future regeneration. In the minds of transnational elites, the continent’s future horizons retained the con- tours of phantom empires. This title is available as Open Access at 10.1017/9781316343050. dina gusejnova is Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Sheffield. new studies in european history Edited by peter baldwin, University of California, Los Angeles christopher clark, University of Cambridge james b. collins, Georgetown University mia rodriguez-salgado, London School of Economics and Political Science lyndal roper, University of Oxford timothy snyder, Yale University The aim of this series in early modern and modern European history is to publish outstanding works of research, addressed to important themes across a wide geographical range, from southern and central Europe, to Scandinavia and Russia, from the time of the Renaissance to the present. As it develops, the series will comprise focused works of wide contextual range and intellectual ambition. -
Aryan Race - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Aryan Race from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Aryan race - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_race Aryan race From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Aryan race was a racial grouping commonly used in the period of the late 19th century to the mid 20th century to describe peoples of European and Western Asian heritage. It derives from the idea that the original speakers of the Indo-European languages and their descendants up to the present day constitute a distinctive race or subrace of the larger Caucasian race.[1] While originally meant simply as a neutral ethno-linguistic classification, from the late 19th century onwards the concept of the Aryan race has been used by proponents of ideologically-motivated racism and white supremacism such as in doctrines of Nazism and neo-Nazism. Aryanism developed as a racial ideology that claimed that the Aryan race was a master race. Contents 1 Origin of the term 2 19th-century physical anthropology 3 Indo-Aryan migration 4 Occultism 4.1 Theosophy 4.2 Ariosophy 5 Aryanism 5.1 Nazism 5.2 Italian Fascism 5.3 Neo-Nazism 5.3.1 Tempelhofgesellschaft 6 See also 6.1 Philosophical 6.2 Third Reich specific 6.3 Contemporaneous concepts of race 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links Origin of the term Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/) 1 of 15 07-07-2014 18:43 Aryan race - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_race The term Aryan originates from the Sanskrit word ārya, in origin an ethnic self-designation, in Classical Sanskrit meaning "honourable, respectable, noble".[3][4] In the 18th century, the most ancient known Indo-European languages were those of the ancient Indo-Iranians. -
A Comparative Study of the German Christians, the Confessing Church, and the Mennonites
THE POLITICAL RAMIFICATIONS OF THE TWO KINGDOMS DOCTRINE IN THE NAZI PERIOD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE GERMAN CHRISTIANS, THE CONFESSING CHURCH, AND THE MENNONITES JEREMY ROBERT KOOP A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAMME IN HISTORY YORK UNIVERSITY, TORONTO, ONTARIO OCTOBER 2011 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-88680-9 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-88680-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
The Nuremberg Code-British Medical Journal No 7070 Volume 313 Page
Nuremberg Code BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL No 7070 Volume 313: Page 1448, 7 December 1996. CIRP Introduction The judgment by the war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg laid down 10 standards to which physicians must conform when carrying out experiments on human subjects in a new code that is now accepted worldwide. This judgment established a new standard of ethical medical behavior for the post World War II human rights era. Amongst other requirements, this document enunciates the requirement of voluntary informed consent of the human subject. The principle of voluntary informed consent protects the right of the individual to control his own body. This code also recognizes that the risk must be weighed against the expected benefit, and that unnecessary pain and suffering must be avoided. This code recognizes that doctors should avoid actions that injure human patients. The principles established by this code for medical practice now have been extened into general codes of medical ethics. The Nuremberg Code (1947) Permissible Medical Experiments The great weight of the evidence before us to effect that certain types of medical experiments on human beings, when kept within reasonably well-defined bounds, conform to the ethics of the medical profession generally. The protagonists of the practice of human experimentation justify their views on the basis that such experiments yield results for the good of society that are unprocurable by other methods or means of study. All agree, however, that certain basic principles must be observed in order to satisfy moral, ethical and legal concepts: 1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. -
The Mormons in Nazi Germany
THE MORMONS IN NAZI GERMANY: HISTORY AND MEMORY A Dissertation by DAVID CONLEY NELSON Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Arnold P. Krammer Committee Members, Chester S. L. Dunning Walter D. Kamphoefner Peter J. Hugill D. Michael Quinn Head of Department David Vaught December 2012 Major Subject: History Copyright 2012 David Conley Nelson ABSTRACT This dissertation studies a small American religious group that survived unscathed during the Third Reich. Some fifteen thousand members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Mormons, lived under National Socialism. Unlike persecuted Jews and Jehovah’s Witnesses, and other small American-based sects that suffered severe restrictions, the Mormons worshiped freely under Hitler’s regime. They survived by stressing congruence between church doctrine and Nazi dogma. Mormons emphasized their interest in genealogical research and sports, sent their husbands into the Wehrmacht and their sons into the Hitler Youth, and prayed for a Nazi victory in wartime. Mormon leaders purged all Jewish references from hymnals, lesson plans and liturgical practices, and shunned their few Jewish converts. They resurrected a doctrinal edict that required deference to civil authority, which the Mormons had not always obeyed. Some Mormons imagined fanciful connections with Nazism, to the point that a few believed Hitler admired their church, copied its welfare program, and organized the Nazi party along Mormon lines. This dissertation builds upon Christine Elizabeth King’s theory of a common Weltanschauung between Mormons and Nazis, and Steven Carter’s description of the Mormons’ “accommodation” with National Socialism. -
An Examination of the Trends of Empire and Genocide from German
1 Introduction The study of history is often mistaken for a static subject bent on the examination of fixed events from which can be derived only a singular conclusion. However, such a perspective presents a woeful ignorance of the subject itself and the events under study. While the matters of the past are most certainly fixed in space, the insight and opportunity for engagement presented by these same events are nearly limitless in regards to the present and future. To this end, it is beneficial, even vital, to pursue at least a general understanding of human history. The story of humankind is not typically one of outstanding moral character or wisdom, indeed there are multiple chapters in which general sense and dignity seem to have abandoned our race altogether. There exists no greater example than that of the era extending from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century, during which the subjugation of different ethnic and cultural groups beneath another never was or has been equaled. This subjugation was largely the product of the rise in imperialism within the European political landscape that characterized the 1800s. Although imperialism was hardly a new invention at the time, it was given far greater popularity and potential in the wake of the Industrial Revolution around the turn of the nineteenth century. The concept of empire building often conjures up images of British India, French Algeria, or even the Belgian Congo, but despite their late arrival to the imperial playing field, it was Germany who commanded the world’s third largest overseas empire.