Littoral Combat Ship an Examination of Its Possible Concepts of Operation
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Security & Defence European
a 7.90 D European & Security ES & Defence 4/2016 International Security and Defence Journal Protected Logistic Vehicles ISSN 1617-7983 • www.euro-sd.com • Naval Propulsion South Africa‘s Defence Exports Navies and shipbuilders are shifting to hybrid The South African defence industry has a remarkable breadth of capa- and integrated electric concepts. bilities and an even more remarkable depth in certain technologies. August 2016 Jamie Shea: NATO‘s Warsaw Summit Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology The backbone of every strong troop. Mercedes-Benz Defence Vehicles. When your mission is clear. When there’s no road for miles around. And when you need to give all you’ve got, your equipment needs to be the best. At times like these, we’re right by your side. Mercedes-Benz Defence Vehicles: armoured, highly capable off-road and logistics vehicles with payloads ranging from 0.5 to 110 t. Mobilising safety and efficiency: www.mercedes-benz.com/defence-vehicles Editorial EU Put to the Test What had long been regarded as inconceiv- The second main argument of the Brexit able became a reality on the morning of 23 campaigners was less about a “democratic June 2016. The British voted to leave the sense of citizenship” than of material self- European Union. The majority that voted for interest. Despite all the exception rulings "Brexit", at just over 52 percent, was slim, granted, the United Kingdom is among and a great deal smaller than the 67 percent the net contribution payers in the EU. This who voted to stay in the then EEC in 1975, money, it was suggested, could be put to but ignoring the majority vote is impossible. -
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles The Chinese Navy Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Saunders, EDITED BY Yung, Swaine, PhILLIP C. SAUNderS, ChrISToPher YUNG, and Yang MIChAeL Swaine, ANd ANdreW NIeN-dzU YANG CeNTer For The STUdY oF ChINeSe MilitarY AffairS INSTITUTe For NATIoNAL STrATeGIC STUdIeS NatioNAL deFeNSe UNIverSITY COVER 4 SPINE 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY COVER.indd 3 COVER 1 11/29/11 12:35 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 1 11/29/11 12:37 PM 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 2 11/29/11 12:37 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Edited by Phillip C. Saunders, Christopher D. Yung, Michael Swaine, and Andrew Nien-Dzu Yang Published by National Defense University Press for the Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute for National Strategic Studies Washington, D.C. 2011 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 3 11/29/11 12:37 PM Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Chapter 5 was originally published as an article of the same title in Asian Security 5, no. 2 (2009), 144–169. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Used by permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Chinese Navy : expanding capabilities, evolving roles / edited by Phillip C. Saunders ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. -
Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs February 5, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33741 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) is a relatively inexpensive Navy surface combatant equipped with modular “plug-and-fight” mission packages for countering mines, small boats, and diesel- electric submarines, particularly in littoral (i.e., near-shore) waters. Navy plans call for fielding a total force of 52 LCSs. Sixteen LCSs have been funded from FY2005 through FY2013. The Navy’s proposed FY2014 budget requested $1,793.0 million for four more LCSs (LCSs 17 through 20), or an average of about $448 million per ship. Two very different LCS designs are being built. One was developed by an industry team led by Lockheed; the other was developed by an industry team that was led by General Dynamics. The Lockheed design is built at the Marinette Marine shipyard at Marinette, WI; the General Dynamics design is built at the Austal USA shipyard at Mobile, AL. LCSs 1, 3, 5, and so on are Marinette Marine-built ships; LCSs 2, 4, 6, and so on are Austal-built ships. The 20 LCSs procured or scheduled for procurement in FY2010-FY2015 (LCSs 5 through 24) are being procured under a pair of 10-ship, fixed-price incentive (FPI) block buy contracts that the Navy awarded to Lockheed and Austal USA on December 29, 2010. -
REFERENCE LIST Referencelist Surface Vessels 2017 Rev.05.Xlsx Page 2 of 10
REFERENCE LIST Referencelist Surface vessels 2017 Rev.05.xlsx Page 2 of 10 No. Country Ship type Ship name Ship class Shipyard Year HVAC System HVAC CBRN Protection WaterChilled Plant Provision Cooling Plant Firefighting 1 Frigate El Moudamir MEKO A-200 TKMS 2016/17 X X X X X Algeria 2 Frigate Erradii MEKO A-200 TKMS 2016 X X X X X Tenix Defence System 3 Frigate Perth MEKO 200 2006 X X X X Williamstown Australia Tenix Defence System 4 Frigate Toowoomba MEKO 200 2005 X X X X Williamstown Tenix Defence System 5 Frigate Ballarat MEKO 200 2004 X X X X Williamstown Tenix Defence System 6 Frigate Parramatta MEKO 200 2003 X X X X Williamstown Tenix Defence System 7 Frigate Stuart MEKO 200 2002 X X X X Williamstown Tenix Defence System 8 Frigate Warramunga MEKO 200 2001 X X X X Williamstown Transfield 9 Frigate Arunta MEKO 200 1998 X X X X Williamstown Transfield 10 Frigate Anzac MEKO 200 1996 X X X X Williamstown Daewoo 11 Frigate F25 2000 X X Okpo Bangladesh 12 Peenewerft 13 Patrol forces Gravataí 12 Grajaú Class 2000 X X X Germany Brazil Peenewerft 14 Patrol forces Guaratuba 12 Grajaú Class 1999 X X X Germany Peenewerft 15 Patrol forces Gurupi 12 Grajaú Class 1996 X X X X Germany Peenewerft 16 Patrol forces Guajará 12 Grajaú Class 1995 X X X X Germany Referencelist Surface vessels 2017 Rev.05.xlsx Page 3 of 10 No. Country Ship type Ship name Ship class Shipyard Year HVAC System HVAC CBRN Protection WaterChilled Plant Provision Cooling Plant Firefighting Peenewerft 17 Patrol forces Guaporé 12 Grajaú Class 1995 X X X X Germany Brazil Peenewerft -
China's Logistics Capabilities for Expeditionary Operations
China’s Logistics Capabilities for Expeditionary Operations The modular transfer system between a Type 054A frigate and a COSCO container ship during China’s first military-civil UNREP. Source: “重大突破!民船为海军水面舰艇实施干货补给 [Breakthrough! Civil Ships Implement Dry Cargo Supply for Naval Surface Ships],” Guancha, November 15, 2019 Primary author: Chad Peltier Supporting analysts: Tate Nurkin and Sean O’Connor Disclaimer: This research report was prepared at the request of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 113-291. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in this commissioned research report. 1 Contents Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Methodology, Scope, and Study Limitations ........................................................................................................ 6 1. China’s Expeditionary Operations -
High-Tech, Innovative Naval Solutions and Global Excellence
HIGH-TECH, INNOVATIVE NAVAL SOLUTIONS AND GLOBAL EXCELLENCE NAVAL PRODUCTS EXPERT AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN NAVAL SHIPBUILDING TAIS is established by the owners of the leading shipyards of Turkey with the objective to offer expert and innovative solutions in naval ship building for demanding customers all over the world. Located in the core of Turkey's shipbuilding industry in Tuzla and Yalova, TAIS partners have acquired a leading position by using the best know-how and state of art technologies and aspire to be among the world leaders in all segments that demand the advanced navy solutions. The group has completed a series of projects for Turkish Ministry of Defense for Turkish Navy which has achieved a contemporary, powerful and modern force structure. Besides shipbuilding TAIS offers a total solution of customer support and after-sales services at the start-up, deployment phases and through her entire life cycle. LET TAIS BE THE PARTNER FOR YOUR SUCCESS AND POWER! TURKISH NAVAL SHIPBUILDING KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE WORKING TOGETHER Tuzla Tersaneler Caddesi No: 22 Tuzla Tersaneler Caddesi No: 14 Hersek Mah. İpekyolu Caddesi No:7 34944 Tuzla İstanbul Turkey 34940 Tuzla İstanbul Turkey 77700 Altinova Yalova Turkey Tel : 0216 446 61 14 Tel : 0216 581 77 00 Tel : 0226 815 36 36 Fax : 0216 446 60 82 Fax : 0216 581 77 01 Fax : 0226 815 36 37 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] TAIS OFFERS YOU A COMPLETE SET OF SOLUTIONS, KNOW-HOW AND EXPERTISE CONTRACTOR SHIP PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT • Program Management plans -
Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress September 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32665 Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The current and planned size and composition of the Navy, the annual rate of Navy ship procurement, the prospective affordability of the Navy’s shipbuilding plans, and the capacity of the U.S. shipbuilding industry to execute the Navy’s shipbuilding plans have been oversight matters for the congressional defense committees for many years. In December 2016, the Navy released a force-structure goal that calls for achieving and maintaining a fleet of 355 ships of certain types and numbers. The 355-ship goal was made U.S. policy by Section 1025 of the FY2018 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 2810/P.L. 115- 91 of December 12, 2017). The Navy and the Department of Defense (DOD) have been working since 2019 to develop a successor for the 355-ship force-level goal. The new goal is expected to introduce a new, more distributed fleet architecture featuring a smaller proportion of larger ships, a larger proportion of smaller ships, and a new third tier of large unmanned vehicles (UVs). On June 17, 2021, the Navy released a long-range Navy shipbuilding document that presents the Biden Administration’s emerging successor to the 355-ship force-level goal. The document calls for a Navy with a more distributed fleet architecture, including 321 to 372 manned ships and 77 to 140 large UVs. A September 2021 Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report estimates that the fleet envisioned in the document would cost an average of between $25.3 billion and $32.7 billion per year in constant FY2021 dollars to procure. -
Shipbuilding Industry 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Shipbuilding Industry Content
UKRINMASH SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY CONTENT 24 М15-V Marine Powerplant CONTENT М15-A Marine Powerplant 25 М35 Marine Powerplant М10/M16 Marine Powerplant 4 PROJECT 958 Amphibious Assault Hovercraft 26 UGT 3000R Gas-Turbine Engine KALKAN-МP Patrol Water-Jet Boat UGT 6000 Gas-Turbine Engine 5 GAYDUK-M Multipurpose Corvette 27 UGT 6000+ Gas-Turbine Engine GYURZA Armored River Gunboat UGT 15000 Gas-Turbine Engine 6 PROJECT 58130S Fast Patrol Boat 28 UGT 15000+ Gas-Turbine Engine CORAL Patrol Water-Jet Boat UGT 16000R Gas-Turbine Engine 7 BOBR Landing Craft/Military Transport 29 UGT 25000 Gas-Turbine Engine TRITON Landing Ship Tank 457KM Diesel Engine 8 BRIZ-40М Fast Patrol Boat 30 NAVAL AUTOMATED TACTICAL DATA SYSTEM BRIZ-40P Fast Coast Guard Boat MULTIBEAM ACTIVE ARRAY SURVEILLANCE RADAR STATION 9 PC655 Multipurpose Fast Corvette MUSSON Multipurpose Corvette 31 SENS-2 Optical Electronic System Of Gun Mount Fire Control 10 CARACAL Fast Attack Craft SAGA Optical Electronic System Of The Provision Corvette 58250 PROJECT Of Helicopter Take-Off, Homing And Ship Landing 11 GURZA-M Small Armored Boat 32 SARMAT Marine Optoelectronic Fire Control System Offshore Patrol Vessel DOZOR Of Small And Middle Artillery Caliber 12 KENTAVR Fast Assault Craft SONAR STATION MG – 361 (“CENTAUR”) PEARL-FAC Attack Craft-Missile 33 TRONKA-MK Hydroacoustic Station For Searching 13 NON-SELF-PROPELLED INTEGRATED SUPPORT VESSEL Of Saboteur Underwater Swimmers FOR COAST GUARD BOATS HYDROACOUSTIC STATION KONAN 750BR Fast Armored -
The Cost of the Navy's New Frigate
OCTOBER 2020 The Cost of the Navy’s New Frigate On April 30, 2020, the Navy awarded Fincantieri Several factors support the Navy’s estimate: Marinette Marine a contract to build the Navy’s new sur- face combatant, a guided missile frigate long designated • The FFG(X) is based on a design that has been in as FFG(X).1 The contract guarantees that Fincantieri will production for many years. build the lead ship (the first ship designed for a class) and gives the Navy options to build as many as nine addi- • Little if any new technology is being developed for it. tional ships. In this report, the Congressional Budget Office examines the potential costs if the Navy exercises • The contractor is an experienced builder of small all of those options. surface combatants. • CBO estimates the cost of the 10 FFG(X) ships • An independent estimate within the Department of would be $12.3 billion in 2020 (inflation-adjusted) Defense (DoD) was lower than the Navy’s estimate. dollars, about $1.2 billion per ship, on the basis of its own weight-based cost model. That amount is Other factors suggest the Navy’s estimate is too low: 40 percent more than the Navy’s estimate. • The costs of all surface combatants since 1970, as • The Navy estimates that the 10 ships would measured per thousand tons, were higher. cost $8.7 billion in 2020 dollars, an average of $870 million per ship. • Historically the Navy has almost always underestimated the cost of the lead ship, and a more • If the Navy’s estimate turns out to be accurate, expensive lead ship generally results in higher costs the FFG(X) would be the least expensive surface for the follow-on ships. -
Naval Craft, Weapon and Sensor Systems
++ I&S NAVAL CRAFT, WEAPON AND SENSOR SYSTEMS Fr. Lürssen Werft Abstract: The article provides an inside view on trends in technology of current and future naval construction programmes as seen by Lürssen, the German shipyard for naval vessels located in Bremen, Germany. The changing operational require- ments recognised in many western European and overseas navies focus on a surface combatant such as a corvette-sized ship with advanced capabilities to meet the spe- cific demands for littoral warfare operations. Based on these new requirements the article outlines technologies in current and future designs for Corvette- and Frigate- sized ships. It includes different types of platforms together with their specific benefits and capabilities for the intended employment in littoral warfare. In addi- tion, measures to reduce the ship’s signatures for enhanced survivability are broadly discussed. With respect to adequate sea-keeping, manoeuvrability, speed and en- durance (properties) in the littoral environment, the article also expands on the de- velopment and characteristics of new propulsion systems emphasising the overall need for a high degree of automation in all system components. The discussion on modern combat system technology once again underlines the need for a modular and flexible system design with open system architecture. The highest possible level of system automation reducing the number of personnel in the CIC and en- suring immediate reaction in a threat scenario is a further topic. Full integration of all sensors and weapons coupled with proven operational software is the essential technical requirement in this context. Finally, the article comments on some eco- nomical aspects of current building philosophies touching thereby on possibilities for crew reduction, costs reduction, potential capabilities for midlife refit, and growth potential. -
The Economic Consequences of Investing in Shipbuilding Case Studies in the United States and Sweden
The Economic Consequences of Investing in Shipbuilding Case Studies in the United States and Sweden Edward G. Keating, Irina Danescu, Dan Jenkins, James Black, Robert Murphy, Deborah Peetz, Sarah H. Bana C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1036 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9036-2 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2015 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Littoral Combat Ship 6 (Jackson) and 8 (Montgomery) under construction in the Mobile River at Austal USA’s site in Mobile, Alabama (photo by Irina Danescu). Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. -
Worldwide Equipment Guide Chapter 1: Littoral Systems
Dec 2016 Worldwide Equipment Guide Chapter 1: Littoral Systems TRADOC G-2 ACE Threats Integration Ft. Leavenworth, KS Distribution Statement: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Worldwide Equipment Guide Chapter 1: Littoral This chapter focuses on vessels for use in littoral ("near the shore") operations. Littoral activities include the following: - "brown water" naval operations in coastal waters (out to as far as 200+ km from shore), - amphibious landing operations or port entry (opposed and unopposed), - coastal defense actions (including patrols, engaging enemy, and denying entry) - operations in inland waterways (rivers, lakes, etc), and - actions in large marshy or swampy areas. There is no set distance for “brown water.” Littoral range is highly dependent on specific geography at any point along a coast. Littoral operations can be highly risky. Forces moving in water are often challenged by nature and must move at a slow pace while exposed to enemy observation and fires. Thus littoral forces will employ equipment best suited for well-planned operations with speed, coordination, and combined arms support. Littoral forces will employ a mix of conventional forces, specialized (naval, air, and ground) forces and equipment, and civilian equipment which can be acquired or recruited for the effort. Each type of action may require a different mix of equipment to deal with challenges of terrain, vulnerability, and enemy capabilities. Coastal water operations can utilize naval vessels that can operate in blue water. Naval battle groups for deep water also operate in littoral waters. Submarines and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) systems conduct missions in littoral waters. But challenges of shallow waters and shoreline threats also require use of smaller fast-attack boats, patrol craft, cutters, etc.