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No More Hills Ahead?
No More Hills Ahead? The Sudan’s Tortuous Ascent to Heights of Peace Emeric Rogier August 2005 NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CLINGENDAEL CIP-Data Koninklijke bibliotheek, The Hague Rogier, Emeric No More Hills Ahead? The Sudan’s Tortuous Ascent to Heights of Peace / E. Rogier – The Hague, Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. Clingendael Security Paper No. 1 ISBN 90-5031-102-4 Language-editing by Rebecca Solheim Desk top publishing by Birgit Leiteritz Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Clingendael Security and Conflict Programme Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague Phonenumber +31(0)70 - 3245384 Telefax +31(0)70 - 3282002 P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl The Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael is an independent institute for research, training and public information on international affairs. It publishes the results of its own research projects and the monthly ‘Internationale Spectator’ and offers a broad range of courses and conferences covering a wide variety of international issues. It also maintains a library and documentation centre. © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightholders. Clingendael Institute, P.O. Box 93080, 2509 AB The Hague, The Netherlands. Contents Foreword i Glossary of Abbreviations iii Executive Summary v Map of Sudan viii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The Sudan: A State of War 5 I. -
The LRA in Kafia Kingi
The LRA in Kafia Kingi The suspension of the Ugandan army operation in the Central African Republic (CAR) following the overthrow of the CAR regime in March 2013 may have given some respite to the LRA, which by the first quarter of 2013 appeared to be at its weakest in its long history. As of May 2013, there were some 500 LRA members in numerous small groups scattered in CAR, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Sudan. Of these 500, about half were combatants, including up to 200 Ugandans and 50 low-ranking fighters abducted primarily from ethnic Zande com- munities in CAR, DRC, and South Sudan. At least one LRA group, including Kony, was reportedly based near the Dafak Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) garrison in the disputed area of Kafia Kingi for over a year, until February or early March 2013.1 Reports of LRA presence in Kafia Kingi have been made since early 2010. A recent publication contained a detailed account of the history of LRA groups in the area complete with satellite imagery showing the location of a possible LRA camp at close proximity to a SAF garrison.2 In April 2013, Col. al Sawarmi Khalid Sa’ada, the official SAF spokesperson, told the Sudanese official news agency SUNA, ‘ the report [showing an alleged LRA camp in Kafia Kingi] is baseless and rejected,’ adding, ‘SAF has no interest in adopting or sheltering rebels from other countries.’3 But interviews with former LRA members who recently defected confirm that a large LRA group of over 100 people, including LRA leader Joseph Kony, spent about a year in Kafia Kingi. -
'When Will This End and What Will It Take?'
‘When will this end and what will it take?’ People’s perspectives on addressing the Lord’s Resistance Army conflict Logo using multiply on layers November 2011 Logo drawn as seperate elements with overlaps coloured seperately ‘ With all the armies of the world here, why isn’t Kony dead yet and the conflict over? When will this end and what will it take?’ Civil society leader, Democratic Republic of Congo CHAD SUDAN Birao Southern Darfur Kafia Kingi Sam-Ouandja Western Wau Zemongo Game Bahr-El-Ghazal CENTRAL Reserve AFRICAN SOUTH SUDAN REPUBLIC Haut-Mbomou Djemah Bria Western Equatoria Bambouti Ezo Obo Nzara Juba Zemio Yambio Bambari Mbomou Mboki Maridi Rafai Central Magwi Bangassou Bangui Banda Equatoria Bas-Uélé GARAMBA Yei Nimule Ango PARK Lake Doruma Kitgum Turkana Niangara Dungu Duru Arua Faradje Haut Uélé Gulu Lira Bunia Soroti LakeLake AlbertAlbert DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO UGANDA Kampala LRA area of operation after Operation Lightning Thunder LakeLake VictoriaVictoria end of 2008–11 LRA area of operation during the Juba talks 2006–08 RWANDA LRA area of operation during Operation Iron Fist 2002–05 0 150 300km BURUNDI TANZANIA © Conciliation Resources. This map is intended for illustrative purposes only. Borders, names and other features are presented according to common practice in the region. Conciliation Resources take no position on whether this representation is legally or politically valid. Disclaimer Acknowledgements This document has been produced with the Conciliation Resources is grateful to Frank financial assistance of the European Union van Acker who conducted the research and and the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Uganda. contributed to the analysis in this report. -
RVI Electoral Designs.Pdf
Electoral Designs Proportionality, representation, and constituency boundaries in Sudan’s 2010 elections Marc Gustafson Electoral Designs | 1 Electoral Designs Proportionality, representation, and constituency boundaries in Sudan’s 2010 elections Marc Gustafson Date 2010 Publisher Rift Valley Institute Editor Emily Walmsley Designer Scend www.scend.co.uk Cover image Jin-ho Chung ISBN 978-1-907431-01-2 Rights Published under Creative Commons license Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Contents List of tables and figures 4 About the Rift Valley Institute 5 About the author 5 Acknowledgements 6 Acronyms 6 Summary 7 I. Introduction 8 II. Electoral design in other post-conflict African countries 10 III. Sudan’s mixed electoral system 13 IV. Creating electoral constituencies 16 V. Conclusion 42 Appendix 46 Bibliography 64 List of tables and figures Tables Table 1 Electoral systems of African states 11 Table 2 Sudan’s elections and corresponding electoral systems 15 Table 3 Formulas for calculating the number of National Assembly constituencies for each state 19 Table 4 Distribution of constituencies and National Assembly seats 20 Table 5 Party and women’s list seats 22 Figures Figure 1 Allocation of National Legislative Assembly seats 15 Figure 2 Regional distribution of seats 24 Figure 3 Hand-marked corrections of population figures on the boundary reports for Kassala, Blue Nile, and Lakes States 29 Figure 4 Geographical constituencies of North Darfur 33 Figure 5 Description of constituency 32 (south Dabib and north Abyei) 35 4 | Electoral Designs About the Rift Valley Institute The Rift Valley Institute is a non-profit research, education and advocacy organization operating in Sudan, the Horn of Africa, East Africa, and the Great Lakes. -
In Southern Sudan
‘Land belongs to the community’: Demystifying the ‘global land grab’ in Southern Sudan David K Deng LDPI Working Paper ‘Land belongs to the community’: Demystifying the ‘global land grab’ in Southern Sudan by David K Deng Published by: The Land Deal Politics Initiative www.iss.nl/ldpi [email protected] in collaboration with: Institute for Development Studies (IDS) University of Sussex Library Road Brighton, BN1 9RE United Kingdom Tel: +44 1273 606261 Fax: +44 1273 621202 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ids.ac.uk Initiatives in Critical Agrarian Studies (ICAS) International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) P.O. Box 29776 2502 LT The Hague The Netherlands Tel: +31 70 426 0664 Fax: +31 70 426 0799 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.iss.nl/icas The Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) School of Government, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17 Bellville 7535, Cape Town South Africa Tel: +27 21 959 3733 Fax: +27 21 959 3732 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.plaas.org.za The Polson Institute for Global Development Department of Development Sociology Cornell University 133 Warren Hall Ithaca NY 14853 United States of America Tel: +1 607 255-3163 Fax: +1 607 254-2896 E-mail: [email protected] Website: polson.cals.cornell.edu © February 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the publisher and the author. Published with support from the UK Department for International Development (DfID), Atlantic Philanthropies, Inter‐Church Organization for Development Cooperation (ICCO), Ford Foundation and Miserior. -
1 Name 2 History
Sudan This article is about the country. For the geographical two civil wars and the War in the Darfur region. Sudan region, see Sudan (region). suffers from poor human rights most particularly deal- “North Sudan” redirects here. For the Kingdom of North ing with the issues of ethnic cleansing and slavery in the Sudan, see Bir Tawil. nation.[18] For other uses, see Sudan (disambiguation). i as-Sūdān /suːˈdæn/ or 1 Name السودان :Sudan (Arabic /suːˈdɑːn/;[11]), officially the Republic of the Sudan[12] Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān), is an Arab The country’s place name Sudan is a name given to a جمهورية السودان :Arabic) republic in the Nile Valley of North Africa, bordered by geographic region to the south of the Sahara, stretching Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to from Western to eastern Central Africa. The name de- the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African or “the ,(بلاد السودان) rives from the Arabic bilād as-sūdān Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya lands of the Blacks", an expression denoting West Africa to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. and northern-Central Africa.[19] The Nile River divides the country into eastern and west- ern halves.[13] Its predominant religion is Islam.[14] Sudan was home to numerous ancient civilizations, such 2 History as the Kingdom of Kush, Kerma, Nobatia, Alodia, Makuria, Meroë and others, most of which flourished Main article: History of Sudan along the Nile River. During the predynastic period Nu- bia and Nagadan Upper Egypt were identical, simulta- neously evolved systems of pharaonic kingship by 3300 [15] BC. -
United States Institute of Peace Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Sudan Experience Project
United States Institute of Peace Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Sudan Experience Project Interview # 19 - Executive Summary Interviewed by: Haven North Initial Interview Date: August 22, 2006 Copyright 2006 USIP & ADST The Interviewee was a high-ranking U.S. official assigned to Sudan from 1992- 95. During this time, the war between the North and the South was being “prosecuted in a brutal way” and “relief operations were being interrupted.” The U.S. “representations or charges (to both sides) were considered by both Governments “without foundation.” Therefore, “the U.S. policy was one of denouncing the excesses of the Sudanese Government, and denouncing their policies such as giving aid and refuge to terrorist organizations.” The Sudanese Government denied these charges, but came to the table to end the rebellion in the South and forge better relations with the West and the U.S. The Clinton Administration was “not as supportive of the SPLA,” but supported the IGAD, even though we did not participate in the negotiations. Former U.S. Ambassadors to Sudan Petterson and Kontos, as a private initiative, met with government and non-government representatives of the North and South. Their conclusion was that, as long as the was going on, there could be no improvement in relations with the U.S., in Sudan’s economy, or in reducing repression and human rights violations. Their recommendations were that the “U.S. should take a direct and important part in an international effort to end the war between the North and South… and reestablish a diplomatic presence. ” These recommendations were rejected by the Clinton Administration. -
Dominic Ongwen's Domino Effect
DOMINIC ONGWEN’S DOMINO EFFECT HOW THE FALLOUT FROM A FORMER CHILD SOLDIER’S DEFECTION IS UNDERMINING JOSEPH KONY’S CONTROL OVER THE LRA JANUARY 2017 DOMINIC ONGWEN’S DOMINO EFFECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Map: Dominic Ongwen’s domino effect on the LRA I. Kony’s grip begins to loosen 4 Map: LRA combatants killed, 2012–2016 II. The fallout from the Ongwen saga 7 Photo: Achaye Doctor and Kidega Alala III. Achaye’s splinter group regroups and recruits in DRC 9 Photo: Children abducted by Achaye’s splinter group IV. A fractured LRA targets eastern CAR 11 Graph: Abductions by LRA factions in eastern CAR, 2016 Map: Attacks by LRA factions in eastern CAR, 2016 V. Encouraging defections from a fractured LRA 15 Graph: The decline of the LRA’s combatant force, 1999–2016 Conclusion 19 About The LRA Crisis Tracker & Contributors 20 LRA CRISIS TRACKER LRA CRISIS TRACKER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since founding the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in northern Uganda in the late 1980s, Joseph Kony’s control over the group’s command structure has been remarkably durable. Despite having no formal military training, he has motivated and ruled LRA members with a mixture of harsh discipline, incentives, and clever manipulation. When necessary, he has demoted or executed dozens of commanders that he perceived as threats to his power. Though Kony still commands the LRA, the weakening of his grip over the group’s command structure has been exposed by a dramatic series of events involving former LRA commander Dominic Ongwen. In late 2014, a group of Ugandan LRA officers, including Ongwen, began plotting to defect from the LRA. -
A Summary of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Accord 18_43 13/12/06 13:32 Page 32 A summary of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement Machakos Protocol (2002) Power Sharing (2004) Wealth Sharing (2004) A six-year interim period [dated from Sudan will have both a national A National Land Commission, 9 July 2005] is established during government with representation from Southern Sudan Land Commission which the southern Sudanese will both sides of the north-south conflict, and state land commissions are to be have the right to govern affairs in their and a separate Government of established. A National Petroleum region and participate equitably in Southern Sudan (GoSS). The Southern Commission is to be established to the national government. Sudan Constitution and state manage petroleum resources. constitution must comply with the Peace implementation is to be 2% of oil revenue will go to oil- Interim National Constitution. conducted in ways that make the producing states in southern Sudan unity of Sudan attractive. A Government of National Unity is in proportion to their output. The to be formed. There shall be a remaining net revenue will be divided After the interim period, southern decentralized system of government, evenly with 50% allocated to the GoSS Sudan will have the right to vote in an granting more power to individual and 50% allocated to the national internationally monitored referendum states. government. The GoSS has no power either to confirm Sudan’s unity or vote to negotiate any of the oil leases for secession. Positions in the state governments are granted by the national government to be split 70:30 in favour of the NCP Shari’a law is to remain applicable in prior to the CPA. -
(I): War in South Kordofan
Sudan’s Spreading Conflict (I): War in South Kordofan Africa Report N°198 | 14 February 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Roots of Persistent Conflict ....................................................................................... 3 A. Continued Marginalisation ........................................................................................ 4 B. Changing Ethnic Dynamics ....................................................................................... 8 III. Failure of the CPA ............................................................................................................. 11 IV. Outbreak of Fighting and the Still-born Framework Agreement ................................... 17 V. All-Out Conflict ................................................................................................................ 20 VI. The Humanitarian Crisis .................................................................................................. 27 VII. Regional and Wider -
Sudan's Comprehensive Peace Agreement at One Year Of
Working Paper Research Unit Middle East and Africa Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Daniel P. Sullivan Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement at One Year of Age Cause for Celebration? Working Paper FG6, 2006/02 April 2006 Berlin Working papers are papers in the subject area of a Research Unit which are not officially published by SWP. These papers are either preliminary studies that later become papers published by SWP or papers that are published elsewhere. Your comments are always welcome. Table of Contents The Comprehensive Peace Agreement............. 1 SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and The Status of CPA ImplementationImplementation.................................... 1 Security Affairs Power Sharing ...........................................................................1 Ludwigkirchplatz 3−4 10719 Berlin Phone +49 30 880 07-0 Wealth Sharing.........................................................................3 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org Security Arrangements ..........................................................3 [email protected] Abyei: Sudan’s Kashmir..........................................................5 Elections......................................................................................6 Role of International Community......................................6 ConclusionConclusion....................................................................................................................................................... -
Building a Framework for the Secession of Southern Sudan
Working Together to Break Apart: Building a Framework for the Secession of Southern Sudan Laura Brittain Emilie DesRosiers Dan Moore Hannah Moosa Aneesa Walji Semir Yusuf Teshale This report was prepared as one of the requirements for a joint Political Science and Law Graduate Course, Constitutional Design for Divided Societies: Theory and Cases, co-taught by Professors David Cameron, Sujit Choudhry and Richard Simeon, at the University of Toronto during the 2009-2010 Winter Semester. TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS .............................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION: “INDEPENDENCE IS MORE THAN SECESSION” .................................................... 4 1. COOPERATIVE SECESSION AND THE SUDANESE CONSTITUTION DAN MOORE......................................................................................................................... 14 2. SUDAN’S BLUE AND BLACK GOLD: FUELLING CONFLICT OR FOSTERING COOPERATION IN A FRAGILE ENVIRONMENT HANNAH MOOSA .................................................................................................................. 28 3. ANTICIPATING THE BIRTH OF A NEW BORDER: CROSS-BORDER MIGRATION AND THE CHALLENGE OF AVOIDING DE-STABILISATION ANEESA WALJI ..................................................................................................................... 66 4. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING: DECENTRALISATION AND CREATING CAPACITY FOR THE GOVERNING STRUCTURES OF SOUTHERN SUDAN EMILIE DESROSIERS...........................................................................................................