DOCSLIB.ORG

A Canary for Climate Change Pages 6-14 Researchers Find a Strong Correlation Between Northern Hemisphere Seabird Diversity and Environmental Stressors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Canary for Climate Change Pages 6-14 Researchers Find a Strong Correlation Between Northern Hemisphere Seabird Diversity and Environmental Stressors FALL 2014 VOLUME 6 No. 3 www.nescent.org Newsletter of the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, an NSF-funded collaborative research center operated by Duke University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University. IN THIS ISSUE: RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Research Highlights 1, 15 Director’s Letter 2 Call for Proposals 3 Coming Soon 3,5 In the Media 5 New Publications 5 New Awards 14 10 years of NESCent A special look back at a remarkable decade of Seabirds like puffins and auks are especially sensitive to climate and environmental shifts research, outreach and PHOTO COURTESY OF U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WIKIMEDIA COMMONS collaboration at NESCent. A canary for climate change Pages 6-14 Researchers find a strong correlation between Northern Hemisphere seabird diversity and environmental stressors odern-day puffins and auks have long Next proposal Texas at Austin examined 28 extinct species in Mbeen recognized as environmental indi- addition to 23 living species. Whereas previ- deadlines cator species for ongoing faunal shifts, and fos- ous research focused primarily on surviving sil records now indicate that ancient relatives members of the alcid family, this study was able Dec. 1: Short-term visitors, were similarly informative. Researchers have to paint a more comprehensive picture of their journalists-in-residence found that puffins and auks may have been at evolution. The findings, which were just pub- Feb. 1: Summer 2015 their most diverse and widespread levels during lished online at the Journal of Avian Biology, graduate fellows (off-site) a relatively warm period of Earth’s history. The support a connection between the diversification April 1: Fall 2015 graduate results also explain how past extinctions have of wing-propelled diving seabirds and major fellows (off-site) shaped the geographic distribution and popula- climatic events. Such environmental conditions For more information, see tion size of existing species. also appear to have influenced the physical traits page 3 or visit nescent.org/ Authors Adam Smith of the National Evolu- observed in existing alcids like dovekies, murres, science/proposals.php tionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) in Durham, murrelets, puffins, auklets and auks. N.C., and Julia Clarke of the University of see CLIMATE CHANGE, p16 2 | FALL 2014 FALL 2014 | 3 ABOUT NESCENT: COMING SOON NESCent is a scientific Comings and Goings research center dedicated to Letter from the director Darwin Day hits cross-disciplinary research in As NESCent winds down, we are very happy and a bit rueful that many of our evolution. The center’s the road again oday was a good day at NESCent. mantle. Envisioned as a localized entity colleagues have already transitioned into exciting new opportunities. We wish mission is to promote the I always think it’s a good day when that will focus on evolutionary medicine, synthesis of information, T them well (way to go!) and anticipate more bittersweet departures in the coming What: Darwin Day Roadshow concepts and knowledge to I learn something new, and today, Alex the center is still in a fledgling state, but months. address significant, emerging, Weiss, a short-term visitor from the its progress and promise (as discussed in When: February 2015 Jonathan Lombard has hopped across System Administrator David Palmer is or novel questions in evolu- University of Edinburgh gave a talk this issue) offer an optimistic view of the tionary science and its the pond to work as a Postdoctoral now the Linux Administrator on Duke’s Where: Coming to a state near you applications. NESCent on his research on future of evolution-focused research in Fellow in Thomas Richards’s lab at the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences. achieves this by supporting personality, well- North Carolina and beyond. University of Exeter. To celebrate its fifth anniversary, Postdoc Dan Ksepka is the new Cura- research and education Darwin Day Roadshow will do what it being, and health in Adam Smith is a John Caldwell Meeker tor of Science at the Bruce Museum in across disciplinary, institu- has done each February for the last humans, chimpanzees, Postdoctoral Fellow at the Field Mu- Greenwich, CT. tional, geographic, and This is NESCent’s legacy: four years: Hit the road to share the demographic boundaries. and other non-human seum of Natural History in Chicago. Providing an outlet for Jeff Sturkey has moved down Main excitement of evolutionary science primates. I learnt that with students, teachers, and the NESCent is a collaborative Kate Hertweck began teaching as an Street to Duke Medicine Development partnership between Duke a strong argument can unusually innovative ideas Assistant Professor at the University of and Alumni Affairs where he works as general public in communities around University, the University of be made that some posited by researchers from Texas-Tyler. the Special Events coordinator. the country, on the occasion of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Charles Darwin’s birthday. The ALLEN personality traits– for Communications Manager and Newslet- and North Carolina State the broadest reaches of Roadshow sends NESCent scientists, instance, subjective University, and is funded by the RODRIGO ter Editor/Writer Emeritus Robin Smith educators, and collaborators into K-12 National Science Foundation well-being and domi- evolutionary science. One now pens science stories at the Duke classrooms all across the US with a (award #EF-0905606). For nance– are essentially manifestations of former postdoc put it best Office of News & Communications. particular focus on small, rural more information about the same suite of genes. communities and those with high research and training opportu- when he compared the center numbers of under-represented nities at NESCent, visit www. If you’ve been to NESCent, you know to a “supercollider” for minority students to talk about nescent.org. of course that it is not unusual to have evolution research and career anthropologists giving talks, paleon- scientists: It makes remarkable CALL FOR PROPOSALS opportunities in science. SENIOR LEADERSHIP: tologists running working groups, and things happen. Allen Rodrigo, Director computational biologists hacking away The Roadshow has now visited Call for proposals thousands of students and teachers Susan Alberts at hackathons. Add to this mix a resi- Looking for support for a short-term across 22 different states, including Associate Director dent community that includes postdocs I invite you all to continue the projects of Science and Synthesis visit or science journalism project? settings as diverse as a middle school Todd Vision studying viruses, ocean biodiversity, and conceived, developed, and advanced here NESCent welcomes your proposals. on a Native American reservation in Associate Director of protein folding, and at times there is an at NESCent and to keep in touch. After We are looking for innovative ap- Arizona, a high school within a boys’ Informatics almost surreal quality to the conversa- all, the center may close, but NESCent proaches to outstanding problems correctional facility in West Virginia, Brian Wiegmann in evolutionary biology. Short-term and a school for student-patients at a tions that one overhears. has evolved into a self-sustaining com- psychiatric hospital in Massachusetts. Associate Director visitor proposals that have a clear of Education and Outreach This is NESCent’s legacy: Providing munity, and we have you to thank for it. There is no charge to teachers and interdisciplinary focus or involve schools to participate, and each host an outlet for unusually innovative ideas evolutionary concepts in nontradition- teacher receives an extensive STAY INFORMED posited by researchers from the broad- al disciplines are strongly encouraged. collection of evolution teaching Subscribe to the NESCent est reaches of evolutionary science. One Proposals for both awards last two resources. quarterly newsletter to receive former postdoc put it best when he weeks to three months; the deadline news about the Center, research and training opportu- compared the center to a “supercollider” is December 1. The success of the Roadshow is nities, and upcoming events. for scientists: It makes remarkable things illustrated by comments from host Comments, story ideas and We are also inviting graduate students happen. You can read his full reflection teachers. One said, “It made the photo contributions are at accredited North Carolina institu- whole school community aware of welcome. Please send and others in the special “10 Years of tions to apply for special Triangle corrections and suggestions the importance of evolutionary for future newsletters to NESCent” section of this special edi- Dr. Allen Rodrigo Graduate Fellowships in Evolutionary theory and its implications,” while Nicole Duncan at nicole. tion newsletter. In addition to the usual Director of NESCent Medicine. We seek applicants who are another added, “The resources [email protected]. interested in any field of evolutionary research stories and center news, we’ve helped me become updated on the science that is relevant to medicine, or To unsubscribe fill out our looked back over the past decade to fol- science surrounding the topics. online form at bit.ly/qIuEWu. to human or animal health. This Therefore, I created better lessons You can also visit NESCent on low up with past participants and share semester-long fellowship would be for my students.” Twitter, Facebook, and intriguing anecdotes. offsite, at the student’s host institu- YouTube. I am also excited to look forward, not tion. The deadline is February 1 for To find out more, including how to Writer/Editor: Nicole Duncan only to the many vibrant projects and Summer 2015 and April 1 for Fall 2015. apply to be a stop on the 2015 (919) 668-7993 version of the Roadshow, visit our [email protected] collaborations first realized at NESCent, For more information, please visit website at roadshow.nescent.org. The but also to a new Triangle-based synthe- nescent.org/science/proposals.php.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bibliography.Pdf
    Bibliography AAAAI 2000 Allergy Report vols. I–III. The American meta-analysis.” Annals of Epidemiology 8:64–74. Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, ACS 1999 Cancer Facts and Figures – 1999. Atlanta, GA: in partnership with the National Institute of American Cancer Society. Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). 2000 “How has the occurrence of breast cancer http://www.theallergyreport.org/. changed over time?” Atlanta, GA: American Abdulaziz, Abuzinda and Fridhelm Krupp 1997 Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/ “What happened to the Gulf: two years after statistics/99bcff/occurrence.html. the world’s greatest oil-slick.” Arabian Wildlife Acsadi, George and J. Nemeskeri 1970 History of 2:1. http://www.arabianwildlife.com/past_arw/ Human Life Span and Mortality. Budapest: vol2.1/oilglf.htm. Akademiai Kiado. Abell, Annette, Erik Ernst and Jens Peter Bonde Adams, John 1995 Risk. London: University College 1994 “High sperm density among members of London Press. organic farmers’ association.” The Lancet Adams, W. C. 1986 “Whose lives count? TV coverage 343:1,498. of natural disasters.” Journal of Communication Abelson, Philip H. 1994 “Editorial: adequate 36(2):113–22. supplies of fruits and vegetables.” Science Adleman, Morris A. 1995 “Trends in the price and 266:1,303. supply of oil.” In Simon 1995b:287–93. Abrahamsen, Gunnar, Arne O. Stuames and Bjørn AEA 1999 Economic Evaluation of Air Quality Targets Tveite 1994a “Discussion and synthesis.” In for CO and Benzene. By AEA Technology Abrahamsen et al. 1994c:297–331. for European Commission DGXI. 1994b: “Summary and conclusions.” In http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ Abrahamsen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • NARRATIVE Directions in Econarratology
    ENVIRONMENT New NARRATIVE Directions in Econarratology edited by ERIN JAMES AND ERIC MOREL ENVIRONMENT AND NARRATIVE THEORY AND INTERPRETATION OF NARRATIVE James Phelan and Katra Byram, Series Editors ENVIRONMENT AND NARRATIVE NEW DIRECTIONS IN ECONARRATOLOGY EDITED BY Erin James AND Eric Morel THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS COLUMBUS Copyright © 2020 by The Ohio State University. This edition licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: James, Erin, editor. | Morel, Eric, editor. Title: Environment and narrative : new directions in econarratology / edited by Erin James and Eric Morel. Other titles: Theory and interpretation of narrative series. Description: Columbus : The Ohio State University Press, [2020] | Series: Theory and interpretation of narrative | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Collection of essays connecting ecocriticism and narrative theory to encourage constructive discourse on narrative’s influence of real-world environmental perspectives and the challenges that necessitate revision to current narrative models”—Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2019034865 | ISBN 9780814214206 (cloth) | ISBN 0814214207 (cloth) | ISBN 9780814277546 (ebook) | ISBN 0814277543 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Ecocriticism. | Environmental literature. | Narration (Rhetoric) Classification: LCC PN98.E36 E55 2020 | DDC 809/.93355—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019034865 Cover design by Andrew Brozyna Text design by Juliet Williams Type set in Adobe Minion Pro for Ben and Freddie, my favorites From Erin for Grandmaman, an avid reader and early recommender of books From Eric CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION Notes Toward New Econarratologies ERIN JAMES AND ERIC MOREL 1 I. NARRATOLOGY AND THE NONHUMAN CHAPTER 1 Unnatural Narratology and Weird Realism in Jeff VanderMeer’s Annihilation JON HEGGLUND 27 CHAPTER 2 Object-Oriented Plotting and Nonhuman Realities in DeLillo’s Underworld and Iñárritu’s Babel MARCO CARACCIOLO 45 II.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and the Origins of Disease by Randolph M
    The principles of evolution by natural selection are finally beginning to inform medicine Evolution and the Origins of Disease by Randolph M. Nesse and George C. Williams houghtful contemplation of the human body elicits awe—in equal measure with perplexity. The eye, for instance, has long been an object of wonder, T with the clear, living tissue of the cornea curving just the right amount, the iris adjusting to brightness and the lens to distance, so that the optimal quantity of light focuses exactly on the surface of the retina. Admiration of such apparent perfection soon gives way, however, to consternation. Contrary to any sensible design, blood vessels and nerves traverse the inside of the retina, creating a blind spot at their point of exit. The body is a bundle of such jarring contradictions. For each exquisite heart valve, we have a wisdom tooth. Strands of DNA direct the development of the 10 trillion cells that make up a human adult but then permit his or her steady deterioration and eventual death. Our immune system can identify and destroy a million kinds of foreign matter, yet many bacteria can still kill us. These contradictions make it appear as if the body was de- signed by a team of superb engineers with occasional interventions by Rube Goldberg. In fact, such seeming incongruities make sense but only when we investigate the origins of the body’s vulnerabilities while keeping in mind the wise words of distinguished geneti- cist Theodosius Dobzhansky: “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evo- lution.” Evolutionary biology is, of course, the scientific foundation for all biology, and bi- ology is the foundation for all medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • The Red Queen: Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature
    About the Author MATT R I D L E Y is the author of Nature Via Nurture: Genes, Experience, and What Makes Us Human; the critically acclaimed national bestseller Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters; The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation; and the New York Times Notable Book The Red Queen: Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature. His books have been short-listed for six literary awards, including the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. Formerly a scientist, journalist, and a national newspaper columnist, he is a visiting professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York and the chairman of the International Centre for Life in Newcastle, England: THE RED QUEEN Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature MATT RIDLEY Perennial An Imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers For Matthew This book was first published in Great Britain in 1993 by Penguin Books Ltd: 1t is here reprinted by arrangement with Penguin Putnam. THE RED QUEEN: Copyright © 1993 by Matt Ridley: All rights reserved: Printed in the United States of America: No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address Penguin Putnam, 375 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014: HarperCollins books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use: For information please write: Special Markets Depart- ment, HarperCollins Publishers 1nc., to East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022: First Perennial edition published 2003. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ridley, Matt.
    [Show full text]
  • A LOOK INSIDE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY:AN INCOMPLETE VIEW How We Do It: Te Evolution and Future of Human Reproduction, by R
    Human Ethology Bulletin 29 (2014)1: 70-76 Book Review A LOOK INSIDE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY: AN INCOMPLETE VIEW Nicholas P. Armenti Rutgers University, Te Center of Alcohol Studies and Department ofPsychology, NJ, US [email protected] A Review of the Book How We Do It: Te Evolution and Future of Human Reproduction, by Robert Martin. 2013. Basic Books. New York. 304 pages. ISBN 978-0-465037841 (Hardcover, $27.99). _________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Several sciences, like chemistry, physics, biology/medicine, genetics, and engineering, have a long history of generating knowledge that transitions to practical applications to solve to human problems, and thus, improve the human condition. Evolutionary science is not among those with a long history in applying its research to practical problem solving. Recently, a number of evolutionary scientists have provided support for this position in publications like Darwinism Applied (Beckstrom, 1993), Applied Evolutionary Psychology (Roberts, 2012), Pragmatic Evolution (Poiani, 2012) and the journal Evolutionary Applications. Others have made an efort to encourage this position with special interest in evolutionary science (see www.aepsociety.org). With this in mind I was particularly interested in reading and reviewing the book by Dr. Robert Martin, a well-respected evolution-based biologist/anthropologist. He ofers to provide evolutionarily informed practical information regarding human’s most highly motivated activity: sexual reproducing. Upon reading the title “How We Do It: Te Evolution and Future of Human Reproduction” my atention was captured. Te title itself elicited an anticipation of new insights into human evolved sexual behavior. I was additionally encouraged upon reading that “Te scientifc mysteries explored will, I hope, lead readers to beter decisions on their reproductive journeys.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes for an Undergraduate Course on Behavioral Genetics and Evolution
    Notes for an Undergraduate Course on Behavioral Genetics and Evolution © 2008 M. Frank Norman ([email protected]) University of Pennsylvania 8/10/2008 (revised 10/2/2008) My course at Penn covered, first, Behavioral Genetics, and, second, some facets of evolution and evolutionary psychology. These notes derive from concise handouts posted online in connection with each lecture. The handouts were intended to reinforce most of the main points. The original handouts contained cuttings from books and articles that have been removed from this edition. The distinctive feature of the course (and the notes) is the heavy emphasis on equation-based modeling in both Behavioral Genetic and evolution. The course had no formal mathematical or statistical prerequisites, and the main tool used was high school algebra, but there was a steady diet of modeling and the course would not have been appropriate for students who disliked mathematics or statistics. In fact, about half of the students had had a college statistics course, and all students were asked to read a survey of elementary statistical concepts at the very beginning of the course. This is certainly not an “online textbook,” and I doubt that anyone will be tempted to base a course on these notes, but I do hope that some of the material will make its way into more conventional courses in these areas. Some of the material is novel, e.g., the use of data from studies with both twins reared apart and twins reared together to assess the (in)accuracy of 2(rmz - rdz) for estimating heritability from twins reared together.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Topics of Business Policy Readings
    Current Topics of Business Policy (E/A/M 21871, IBE 21149) Benito Arruñada Universitat Pompeu Fabra Readings Table of contents 1. Behavior — Due: week 1 2. Contracting — Due: week 2 3. Public sector reform — Due: week 3 4. Other topics — Due: week 4 5. Professional career — Due: TBA 6. E-business — Due: 1st class on e-business 7. Tools — Due: project preparation 1. Behavior — Due: week 1 References: Pinker, Steven (1997), “Standard Equipment,” chapter 1 of How the Mind Works, Norton, New York, 3-58. Stark, Rodney (1996), “Conversion and Christian Growth,” in The Rise of Christianity: A Sociologist Reconsiders History, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2-27. Pinker, Steven (2002), The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature, Viking, New York, pp. on stereotypes (201-207). Mullainathan, Sendhil, and Andrei Shleifer (2005), “The Market for News,” American Economic Review, 95(4), 1031-53. Luscombe, Belinda (2013), “Confidence Woman,” Time, March 7. PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 27 Wrights Lane, London W8 5TZ, England Penguin Putnam Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 HOW Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England First published in the USA by W. W. Norton 1997 First published in Great Britain by Allen Lane The Penguin Press 1998 THE MIND Published
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Immunosuppression and Diet F 21
    Current Anthropology Volume 43, Number 1, February 2002 ᭧ 2002 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. All rights reserved 0011-3204/2002/4301-0002$3.50 Around the world, people recognize that pregnancy is Reproductive associated with nausea, vomiting, and marked changes in dietary preferences, a pattern termed pregnancy sick- ness (Flaxman and Sherman 2000).2 Nausea and vomiting Immunosuppression generally serve to protect the individual from the harm- ful effects of ingested toxins and toxin-producing path- and Diet ogens; vomiting expels the offensive substance, while nausea, a highly aversive experience, anchors remarkable one-trial learning, motivating future avoidance of the substance (Bernstein 1999). The complex and coordi- An Evolutionary Perspective on nated nature of these features, the specificity of their eliciting conditions, and the obvious benefits that they Pregnancy Sickness and Meat provide all suggest that normal nausea and vomiting are Consumption1 part of an adaptation, a trait that has evolved through natural selection because of the advantages that it fur- nishes to its possessors. However, in contrast to the usual circumstances associated with nausea and vomiting, by Daniel M. T. Fessler many pregnant women experience these symptoms after ingesting foods which others around them eat without ill effect—indeed, it seems that pregnant women often become nauseated before ingestion has occurred and, Pregnancy sickness, a suite of “symptoms” that frequently co-oc- most notably, experience nausea and vomiting at far cur during pregnancy, may be an adaptation providing behavioral higher frequencies than do other members of their com- prophylaxis against infection. Maternal immunosuppression, nec- munities. The striking differences between the circum- essary for tolerance of the fetus, results in gestational vulnerabil- ity to pathogens.
    [Show full text]
  • BY SARAH TREEM Directed by Keira Fromm
    BY SARAH TREEM directed by Keira Fromm BACKSTORY YOUR GUIDE TO TIMELINE PRODUCTIONS YESTERDAY’S STORIES. TODAY’S TOPICS. From Artistic Director PJ Powers Sarah Treem a message the playwright writing more than 150 years is the opportunity to watch arah Treem’s The How apart—tackle many of the two exceedingly smart women Sand the Why premiered at questions that lie within Time- who are blazing trails in their the McCarter Theatre starring Line’s mission of exploring field, with nary a man to be Mercedes Ruehl (with Emily history. What is the difference found on stage. It’s a depress- Mann directing) and went between then and now? How ingly rare thing to see in on to productions at Interact Dear Friends, and why have we evolved to American theater, just as it’s Theatre and Trinity Repertory, We laugh, we cry, we are born, where we are today? still depressingly uncommon among others. Her play to find women at the helm in A Feminine Ending premiered we die, My remarkable colleague Playwright Sarah Treem. many professions, science and at Playwrights Horizons and Who will riddle me the how Janet Ulrich Brooks brought theater included. went on to productions at Sundance Theatre Lab, Ojai How to Make It in America and and the why? this play to us, with a passion South Coast Repertory and Playwrights Festival, the the Netflix series House of unlike any I’ve seen in the 10 Happily, there’s someone like How you are you? Why I am I? Portland Center Stage, among Screenwriters Colony, Hedge- Cards, starring Kevin Spacey.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Infectious Disease
    Evolution of Infectious Disease Evolution of Infectious Disease Paul W. Ewald Department of Biology Amherst College Oxford New York OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1994 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1994 by Paul W. Ewald Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016-4314 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ewald, Paul W. Evolution of infectious disease / by Paul W. Ewald p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-506058-X 1. Host-parasite relationships. 2. Communicable diseases. 3. Evolution I. Title [DNLM: 1 Communicable Diseases-etiology. 2. Evolution 3. Host-Parasite Relations. WC 100 E94e 1993] RC112.E93 1993 616.9'0471-dc20 DNLM/DLC 92-48386 The frontispiece represents the merging of evolutionary biology, symbolized by Charles Darwin, with current knowledge about infectious processes, symbolized by the human immunodeficiency virus. The conical capsule inside the virus encloses the virus's genetic instructions. As discussed in Chapter 9, the projections from the virus's surface (called gp120) allow the virus to enter white blood cells by attach- ing to receptors (called CD4) on the surface of the cells, much like a hand grasps a doorknob to enter a house.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy
    APA Newsletters Volume 06, Number 1 Fall 2006 NEWSLETTER ON FEMINISM AND PHILOSOPHY FROM THE EDITOR, SALLY J. SCHOLZ ABOUT THE NEWSLETTER ON FEMINISM AND PHILOSOPHY SUBMISSION GUIDELINES AND INFORMATION NEWS FROM THE COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN, ROSEMARIE TONG ARTICLES SHARON CRASNOW “Activist Research and the Objectivity of Science” CARMELA EPRIGHT “Praxis and the “F” Word: Young Women, Feminism, Fear” BOOK REVIEWS Naomi Zack: Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality REVIEWED BY CLEA F. REES Sharyn Clough: Beyond Epistemology: A Pragmatist Approach to Feminist Science Studies REVIEWED BY NANCY M. WILLIAMS © 2006 by The American Philosophical Association ISSN: 1067-9464 Cassandra Pinnick, Noretta Koertge, and Robert Almeder: Scrutinizing Feminist Epistemology: An Examination of Gender in Science REVIEWED BY SHARYN CLOUGH Christina Erneling and David Martel, eds.: The Mind as a Scientific Object REVIEWED BY CARMEL FORDE Elizabeth Grosz: Time Travels: Feminism, Nature, Power REVIEWED BY CATHERINE VILLANUEVA GARDNER Rebecca Kukla: Mass Hysteria: Medicine, Culture, and Mothers’ Bodies REVIEWED BY LAURA NEWHART Maurice Hamington and Dorothy C. Miller, eds.: Socializing Care REVIEWED BY LAUREN FLEMING Lisa Adkins and Beverly Skeggs: Feminism after Bourdieu REVIEWED BY CHRISTINA SMERICK Maria Falco, ed.: Feminist Interpretations of Niccolò Macchiavelli REVIEWED BY MINDY PEDEN Peter Knox-Shaw: Jane Austen and the Enlightenment REVIEWED BY MONICA SHORES Lorraine Code, ed.: Feminist Interpretations of Hans-Georg Gadamer REVIEWED BY JAMEY FINDLING Jane Duran: Eight Women Philosophers: Theory, Politics, and Feminism REVIEWED BY MAURICE HAMINGTON Sally J. Scholz and Shannon M. Mussett, eds.: The Contradictions of Freedom: Philosophical Essays on Simone de Beauvoir’s The Mandarins REVIEWED BY ROBIN MARGARET JAMES Margaret A.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ADAPTED MIND Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture
    THE ADAPTED MIND Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture Edited by Jerome H. Barkow Leda Cosmides John Tooby New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contributors Introduction: Evolutionary Psychology and Conceptual Integration Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, and jerome H. Barkow I. THE EVOLUTIONARY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 1. The Psychological Foundations of Culture )ohn Tooby and Leda Cosmides 2. On the Use and Misuse of Darwinism in the Study of Human Behavior Donald Symons II. COOPERATION 3. Cognitive Adaptations for Social Exchange Leda Cosmides and John Tooby 4. Two Nonhuman Primate Models for the Evolution of Human Food Sharing: Chimpanzees and Callitrichids W. C. McCrew and Anna T. C. Feistner III. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MATING AND SEX 5. Mate Preference Mechanisms: Consequences for Partner Choice and Intrasexual Competition David M. Buss 6. The Evolution of Sexual Attraction: Evaluative Mechanisms in Women Bruce). Ellis 7. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Chattel Margo Wilson and Martin Daly viii CONTENTS IV. PARENTAL CARE AND CHILDREN 8. Pregnancy Sickness as Adaptation: A Deterrent to Maternal Ingestion of Teratogens 327 Margie Profet 9. Nurturance or Negligence: Maternal Psychology and Behavioral Preference Among Preterm Twins 367 Janet Mann 10. Human Maternal Vocalizations to Infants as Biologically Relevant Signals: An Evolutionary Perspective 391 • Anne Fernald 11. The Social Nature of Play Fighting and Play Chasing: Mechanisms and Strategies Underlying Cooperation and Compromise 429 Michael J. Boulton and Peter K. Smith V. PERCEPTION AND LANGUAGE AS ADAPTATIONS 12. Natural Language and Natural Selection 451 Steven Pinker and Paul Bloom 13. The Perceptual Organization of Colors: An Adaptation to Regularities of the Terrestrial World? 495 Roger N.
    [Show full text]