The John D. and Catherine T. Macarthur Foundation the John D

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The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

140 South Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 USA Report on on Activities Report 2004

2 0 0 4 REPORT ON ACTIVITIES Photography Credits The MacArthur Commitment The Foundation is committed to ensuring that grant-seekers, p. , Corinne Dufka grantees, and others of the public have access to clear and up- p. , Timothy Hursley to-date information about the Foundation and its grantmaking p. , Christopher Weil p. , Michael Tropea, courtesy of Donald Young Gallery programs, and are treated with fairness and professional courtesy. To this end we are committed to providing:

< Understandable, updated descriptions of grantmaking goals and strategies < Clear procedures for submitting a grant request to the Foundation < Prompt and courteous responses to all inquiries < Fair and expeditious consideration of grant requests < Clear policies and procedures for submitting grant reports < A named contact at MacArthur for applicants or grantees.

Should you feel that you have not been treated professionally at any time, please note the procedures for bringing a complaint to the attention of the Foundation, which immediately follow.

Our Commitment to Fairness and Courtesy If you feel that you have not been treated with fairness and professional courtesy, you are invited to bring your concern to the pertinent staff member, the vice-president in charge of the program or area, or to the president. Alternatively, a senior staff person has been designated to receive and address concerns about our process. He is John Hurley, Secretary of the Foundation. His direct phone is (312) 920-6252, and his e-mail address is [email protected]. John Hurley will ensure that the matter is understood and addressed, where appropriate, by relevant Foundation staff and will report back to the concerned person. If asked, he will keep conﬁdential the name and organization of the person submitting the feedback. Please note that John Hurley’s role does not extend to providing a second venue for the appeal of decisions about grant proposals. It is the program staff, including program ofﬁcers, directors, vice presidents, and the president, who decide the substantive merit of proposed projects, and it is the program staff who decide whether to reconsider a proposal, About the cover: once declined. This “portrait of a protein” reflects the research of Jane S. Richardson, a biochemistry We hope this additional way of registering concerns about professor at Duke University and a 1985 MacArthur Fellow. Richardson has been a our adherence to professional standards will be useful. pioneer in the development of techniques for molecular visualization, first with physical models and more recently on computers. This image, rendered with software written in collaboration with her husband David, depicts the three-dimensional structure of an important enzyme known as ribonuclease A. Abstracting individual amino acids into the geometric relationships they form with their neighbors, such as helices (gold) and sheets (teal-green), allows scientists to visualize more readily the relationship between structure and function for large, complex biological molecules such as enzymes. Jane Richardson is one of 682 Fellows named since the Foundation created the MacArthur Fellows Program in 1981. To mark the 25th year of the program, this annual report showcases the work of five Fellows on the cover and divider pages. The backs of the dividers include a list of all Fellows named since the program’s inception. Produced by Lipman Hearne, Chicago/Washington The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Report on Activities 

C o n t e n t s ABOUT THE FOUNDATION  PRESIDENT’S ESSAY 

In Pursuit of Security at Home and Abroad: Representative Grants, 2001–2004 

MACARTHUR FOUNDATION REPORT ON ACTIVITIES 2 0 0 4

PROGRAM ON GLOBAL SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY

Program Overview  International Peace and Security Conservation and Sustainable Development Population and Reproductive Health Human Rights and International Justice Universities and Scholarly Infrastructure in the Russian Federation and Nigeria

Grants Authorized 

PROGRAM ON HUMAN AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Program Overview  Community Change Stable and Affordable Housing Regional Policy and Practice Juvenile Justice Mental Health Human Development Teaching and Learning Policy Research Program-Related Investments

Grants Authorized  Table of Contents (continued)

GENERAL PROGRAM

Program Overview  Areas of Special Interest Large Institutional Grants Media Arts and Culture in Chicago Other Grants

Grants Authorized 

MACARTHUR FELLOWS PROGRAM

Program Overview 

Grants Authorized 

FINANCIAL REVIEW 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

FOUNDATION STAFF 

HOW TO APPLY: THE LETTER OF INQUIRY 

HOW TO CONTACT THE FOUNDATION 

THE FOUNDATION AT A GLANCE 

INDEX TO GRANTS AUTHORIZED 

IN MEMORIAM: DR. JOHN E. CORBALLY 

About the Foundation

he John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is a private, independent grantmaking institution dedicated to helping groups and individuals foster Tlasting improvement in the human condition. Through the support it provides, the Foundation fosters the development of knowledge, nurtures individual creativity, strengthens institutions, helps improve public policy, and provides information to the public, primarily through support for public interest media. The Foundation makes grants through four programs and by making program- related investments.

The Program on Global Security and Sustainability focuses on international issues, including peace and security, conservation and sustainable development, population and reproductive health, and human rights and international justice. International offices are located in Mexico, India, Nigeria, and Russia.

The Program on Human and Community Development operates primarily within the United States. Issues of interest to the program include community development; regional policy; affordable housing, with a particular emphasis on the preservation of rental housing; and system reform in education, juvenile justice, and mental health. In addition to grants, the program makes program-related investments, primarily for affordable housing and to U.S.-based community development financial institutions.

The General Program supports public interest media, including public radio and the production of independent documentary film. Grants are made to arts and cultural institutions in the Chicago area and for special initiatives, currently including intellectual property rights in a digital environment.

The MacArthur Fellows Program awards five-year, unrestricted fellowships to individuals across all ages and fields who show exceptional merit and promise of continued creative work. It is limited to U.S. citizens and other residents of the United States.

About the Foundation  About the Foundation (continued)

One of the nation’s ten largest private philanthropic foundations, MacArthur has awarded more than  billion in grants since it began operations in , with assets, as of December 31, 2004, of about  billion. The annual grantmaking budget is approximately  million. The Foundation believes its grantmaking is most effective when focused upon a relatively few areas of work, combined with sufficient resources over a long enough period of time to make a measurable difference. John D. MacArthur (–) developed and owned Bankers Life and Casualty Company and other businesses, as well as considerable property in Florida and New York. His wife Catherine (–) held positions in many of these companies and served as a director of the Foundation. The Foundation benefits in its work from diversity at all levels of its operations. In working with other organizations and individuals, the Foundation values those who understand and share its commitment to diversity.

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation President’s Essay A Foundation’s Responsibility in Uncertain Times

At no time since the formation of the Western alliance system in 1949 has the shape and nature of international alignments been in such a state of flux. Some institutions that are charged with managing global problems may be overwhelmed by them. …Weak governments, lagging economies, religious extremism, youth bulges will align to create a perfect storm for internal conflict in certain regions. …The key factors that spawned international terrorism show no signs of abating over the next fifteen years. …Our greatest concern is that terrorists might acquire biological agents or, less likely, a nuclear device, either of which could cause mass casualties. …A counterterrorism strategy that approaches the problems on multiple fronts offers the greatest chance of containing — and ultimately reducing — the terrorist threat.*

his sober view of the world debate about how to defend the homeland comes from the most recent fore- without sacrificing core American values. Tcast of the National Intelligence We begin by stating some defining char- Council — the 2020 Project. Not a pretty acteristics of the MacArthur Foundation: picture. While experts and political leaders will debate the particulars, most agree 1.) MacArthur is an American institution this is an uncertain time that calls for with a global perspective, working fresh thinking and thoughtful action on in 65 countries in many cultures and multiple fronts. A private foundation like traditions. MacArthur, with a long history in the peace and security field, has an obligation 2.) MacArthur is independent and non- to help. But how can we contribute most partisan, devoted to objective research that effectively to the public interest? can inform public policy. This essay explores that question and describes work under way here and abroad. 3.) MacArthur takes the long view of The Foundation is expanding its long- history and is willing to confront complex, standing efforts to reduce the dangers interconnected issues that present new posed by the world’s deadliest weapons dangers and promise new opportunities. to include the risks of biological, chemical, and cyber terrorism. Closer to home, 4.) MacArthur recognizes that human MacArthur wants to help protect America security has many dimensions, including by bolstering critical warning and response physical safety, access to the basic necessi- systems, assisting the country in investing its ties of life, individual freedom, and a sense resources wisely, and stimulating informed of community.

* From the Executive Summary, the National Intelligence Council, “Mapping the Global Future: Report of the National Intelligence Council’s 2020 Project,” December 2004, pp. 9 –18.

President’s Essay  A Foundation's Responsibility in Uncertain Times

“ The Foundation is expanding its longstanding efforts to reduce the dangers posed by the world’s deadliest weapons to include the risks of biological, chemical, and cyber terrorism.”

A foundation’s tools are limited. We can MacArthur supported the research and support smart people to try to get the conceptual thinking that informed the questions right, to gather and analyze data, United States government’s Cooperative to stimulate a thoughtful public discussion Threat Reduction (or “Nunn-Lugar”) of policy options. We can help train schol- programs. These are among the most ars and practitioners. We can strengthen successful international initiatives since institutions. And we have the luxury — the end of the Cold War, deactivating or even the obligation — to think long-term destroying 6,000 nuclear warheads, 1,000 and to work deliberately, while also having missiles and their silos, and securing 260 the flexibility to act quickly when condi- tons of nuclear bomb fuel in the former tions demand it. Soviet Union. Safeguarding nuclear materials will remain at the heart of MacArthur’s PURSUING INTERNATIONAL PEACE strategy to promote peace and security. AND SECURITY But what was once called “the post-Cold The basic architecture of MacArthur’s War era” has been given a new label programs attends to fundamental human by some, “the Age of Terror.” Terms like needs: protecting the environment, defend- “ground zero,” “9/11,”and “homeland ing human rights, developing sensible pop- security” have acquired fresh meanings. ulation policies, and addressing urban issues Places as far apart as New York, Madrid, in the United States, including housing, Bali, and Riyadh have something public education, and community devel- new and terrible in common, defining opment. Most relevant to today’s security the reach of global terrorism. MacArthur challenges is our history of grantmaking has a duty to help understand and to help reduce dangers presented by the confront these persistent dangers with world’s deadliest weapons. new urgency. Over the years the MacArthur Foundation has invested more than $400 Stimulating International Strategies million in pursuing a more secure world. After September 11, it became apparent As the Cold War ended, we were among that the combination of networked the first foundations to take an active global terrorism, the legacy of Cold War interest in preventing nuclear weapons weapons stockpiles, and proliferation and materials from falling into the wrong had become a far more urgent threat. hands. We were concerned with building MacArthur has looked for opportunities the expertise to safeguard them. to help protect America and the world

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation from this potentially disastrous marriage Compliance strategy for nuclear security, of technology and terror. which outlines steps toward a tougher, Our efforts fall into three broad more effective nonproliferation regime. categories: A third category of grantmaking First, we are making grants to explores the potential dangers associated strengthen critical infrastructure here with emerging technologies. Scientists at home. At Princeton University and at Harvard, Sussex University, and the the Union of Concerned Scientists, University of Hamburg are evaluating for instance, researchers are working to new bioscience that is intended to cure identify vulnerabilities at U.S. nuclear disease but could also possibly enable bio- reactors. The Project on Government terrorism. Other programs are evaluating Oversight is cooperating with the so-called “non-lethal” chemical weapons, Department of Energy to improve the unmanned aerial vehicles, and instru- security of nuclear weapons facilities on ments of cyberwarfare. Researchers at U.S. soil. The Federation of American the Stimson Center and the Eisenhower Scientists is studying how to train emer- Institute are developing new policy frame- gency response personnel to cope with works to provide security and prevent an the widespread biological or chemical arms race in space. contamination that could result from catastrophic attacks using biological weapons Science, Technology, and Security or dirty bombs. Work in all of these areas has revealed Second, MacArthur wants to help stem the need for long-term partnerships the flow of deadly technologies across between security experts and scientists. borders, and from states to terrorist net- Independent scientific research yields works. By tracking the security of nuclear valuable, technical insights that can pro- material stocks in Russia and the former duce more effective programs and policies. Soviet Union, Harvard’s Managing the Thus, MacArthur has committed $50 mil- Atom Project helps governments prevent lion to strengthen university and research theft and diversion to the international centers that enable outstanding scientists black market, while Princeton’s Program to work on security policy issues. This on Science and Global Security is devel- Science, Technology, and Security Initiative oping an international plan to consolidate is developing a new cadre of independent and reduce the scattered supply of nuclear scientists committed to bolstering national material. A number of programs — includ- and international security. ing those at the Center for Strategic and Here are some examples: International Studies and the University of Maryland — are investigating ways to < The Sam Nunn Program on interrupt the cross-border transfer of dan- International Affairs at the Georgia gerous biological agents. Institute of Technology is training scientists A critical challenge for reducing nuclear and engineers to safeguard nuclear materi- and biological threats is the develop- als, protect critical information systems, ment of more effective and more global and mitigate the effects of bioterrorism. policy frameworks. A recent example is Ideas under development include using the Carnegie Endowment’s Universal advanced immunosensors to rapidly detect

President’s Essay  A Foundation's Responsibility in Uncertain Times bacteria spores, and improving the design as a communications hub between science and construction of buildings for better and government, identifying relevant issues insulation against biological attacks. for researchers to pursue, and translat- ing technical analysis into useful insights < The Center for International Security for policymakers in Congress and the and Cooperation at Stanford University Executive Branch. is experimenting with ways to prevent, We are also working directly with gov- detect, and react to biological terrorism, ernment to advance this goal. MacArthur with an emphasis on improvements in risk- took the lead in establishing the Jefferson assessment, disease surveillance, commu- Science Fellows at the Department of nications, and response. The project brings State. The program places five senior experts in the life sciences together with scientists in key State Department posi- counterparts in the field of public health. tions to provide technical advice on security issues like weapons of mass < The Program in Arms Control, destruction, terrorism, energy, water, or Disarmament, and International Security infectious disease. After returning to their at the University of Illinois is investigating campuses, the Jefferson Fellows continue how monitoring radioactive gases in the to consult with the government for an atmosphere can detect clandestine nuclear additional five years. activities. The techniques could be used Scientists must also have opportuni- to uncover the reprocessing of nuclear fuel ties to share findings and exchange ideas or nuclear testing activities. across national boundaries. Even during the Cold War, scientists from East and West < At Cornell University, researchers in were able to discuss the technical aspects of the Peace Studies Program are examining weapons development, crisis management, the growing dependence of societies and and arms control in order to prevent mis- economies on a digital infrastructure that calculations and develop options for low- is so complex, connected, and mobile that ering tensions. Those discussions did much it cannot be protected by conventional to help the world survive four decades of safeguards such as firewalls and surveil- superpower rivalry. lance systems. Connectivity — ordinarily a Today, MacArthur is helping develop powerful asset — is also a source of vulner- a network of scientists in key countries ability. The project under way at Cornell that will work together to control the is exploring how to make interconnected movement of fissile material, dangerous digital systems more stable. pathogens, and chemical substances. In the United States, we are supporting collabo- Support for scientific expertise is essential, ration among university centers including but it is not enough. The results need to Georgia Tech, Carnegie Mellon, Princeton, be available to the public and to policy- Stanford, and the University of Maryland. makers. To advance that goal, MacArthur Internationally, we are assisting a helped establish a new Center for Science, number of institutions. In Russia, we have Technology, and Security at the American made grants to the Moscow Institute Association for the Advancement of of Physics and Technology and the PIR Science in Washington. The center serves Center for Policy Studies. In the United

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation “ Today, MacArthur is helping develop a network of scientists in key countries that will work together to control the movement of fissile material, dangerous pathogens, and chemical substances.”

Kingdom, we are supporting the King’s against terrorist networks of global reach, College London Science and Security including long-term programs to remove program and the Science Policy Research or reduce the underlying causes. Unit at the University of Sussex. In China, MacArthur has engaged in a set of con- we are nurturing a growing community of versations with scholars studying terrorism science and security experts at Tsinghua and people on the front lines combating and Fudan universities, and through it. We expect these discussions to suggest international conferences sponsored specific ways the Foundation can deepen by the Institute of Applied Physics and the understanding of international political Computational Mathematics in Beijing. violence and identify more effective ways More broadly in Asia (in China, Japan, to fight it. and the two Koreas) and in Australia, the We have been asking experts: How Nautilus Institute is coordinating research much do we really know about trans- scientists working on nonproliferation. national terrorists? Who are they? What motivates them? How are they organized? Understanding the Terrorist Threat How do they adapt to actions intended MacArthur proceeds from the assump- to disrupt their operations? How do tion that measures taken to reduce threats they draw moral, political, and economic from weapons of mass destruction also support from a broader public? Our initial reduce threats from catastrophic terror- conclusion is that not enough is known. ism. Terrorist attacks on the World Trade For example, global networks supporting Center, in Bali, in Madrid, and elsewhere terrorist actions need to be understood have shocked the world. But even worse better, as well as the relationship among scenarios may lie ahead: Nuclear mate- suicide tactics, apocalyptic rhetoric, and rial or biological weapons could be used religious ideology. Too little is known against civilians. Some experts give even about the resentments and frustrations that odds that such an event will occur within drive people to perpetrate terrorist acts. the decade if steps are not taken now to Independent research is important as mitigate those risks. a complement to studies being conducted Controlling the ingredients of mass and funded by government. An intrigu- destruction will help curtail the danger ing idea is a central repository of research of catastrophic terrorism, but complete results, interviews, databases, and other containment of such materials is probably resources developed by experts around not possible in the immediate future. Thus, the world. Such an archive would support additional defenses must be mounted collaborative studies and help us learn

President’s Essay  A Foundation's Responsibility in Uncertain Times

“ What can we do to make ourselves safer while making our society and its institutions stronger?”

more about terrorism and other manifesta- as a land of hope and opportunity. We tions of political violence. pride ourselves on our commitment to Countering terrorism requires more than democratic principles: freedoms of speech military interventions. Winning the under- and press, of worship and association; fair standing and respect of populations where rules applied to everyone equally; public terrorists live and operate also matters, as justice ordered by due process. But the does addressing the grievances that terror- threat of terrorism has forced upon us ists use to recruit members and raise money. some uncomfortable questions: Does too And America’s role in setting international much openness put us at greater risk? norms that inspire hope in the promise of Does too much freedom abet those who a more just, free, and humane world must would do us harm? Can too much toler- be maintained. Understanding the nature ance blind us to incipient dangers? of contemporary terrorism may yield valu- All Americans have a stake in resolv- able insights into how U.S. policies in other ing these issues and MacArthur feels an fields affect attitudes toward our country, obligation to contribute to a robust public especially in such sensitive areas as interna- discussion based on objective information tional law and justice, the use of force, the and encompassing a diversity of views. role of international organizations, develop- Such a conversation should focus on the ment, and the environment. nature and extent of the terrorist threat, the effectiveness of measures designed to protect our citizens, and the impact of PROTECTION AT HOME: counter-terrorism policies on American A QUESTION OF BALANCE civil liberties and our ideals of openness, So far I have described MacArthur efforts freedom, and fairness. that focus on increasing security at home, The discussion should also include reducing threats from weapons of mass an evaluation of homeland security destruction, and understanding the nature investments in technology, infrastructure, of transnational violence. There is, however, and training personnel. Are those invest- a further challenge. ments the right ones? Are they sufficient? The menace of terrorism raises issues Are they disrupting people’s lives dispro- that cut to the core of our identity as portionately, or violating such values as Americans. Ours is an open society that the right to privacy and the right to equal values religious and cultural diversity. treatment under the law? What can we do We strive to be tolerant of others and to to make ourselves safer while making our embrace all who share a vision of America society and its institutions stronger?

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Protecting Fundamental Values experiences of detainees, especially those Smart security strategies will strengthen held without charges or subjected to basic services, while also protecting our closed hearings. Working together, they core freedoms. In times of uncertainty, are able to provide a more comprehen- there is a temptation to suspend the rules sive and accurate picture of surveillance, to accommodate a crisis. Respecting con- detention, due process, and deportation stitutional processes and protections serves practices authorized in the wake of the interest of national stability. To prepare the attacks on the World Trade Center our institutions for another catastrophe, a and the Pentagon. Brookings-American Enterprise Institute The Foundation is also supporting proj- project examined the issue of continuity ects that assist the government in balancing in government to ensure that the House the needs of security with the value of of Representatives and Senate could privacy. For instance, new technologies reconstitute quickly in the aftermath of allow intelligence and law-enforcement a terrorist attack. agencies to gather information from more Following 9/11 it was understandable sources by scanning large commercial and that some measures favored security over governmental databases. These include the protection of civil liberties. It is right banking, credit card, travel, employment, for the country to calibrate its policies medical, and educational records. The and practices in response to new threats, Center for Democracy and Technology but basic freedoms should not be com- is analyzing the accuracy of the data col- promised. As the Patriot Act comes up for lected and proposing guidelines to pro- renewal, there are a number of provisions tect privacy, while the Department of that remain controversial, such as enhanced Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie FBI surveillance and law-enforcement Mellon is developing filters that permit powers that allow greater monitoring of better investigation and analysis without cell phones and e-mail, the use of material exposing all personal details. witness warrants to hold suspects without In the uncertainty that followed the formal charges, and closed immigration attacks of September 11th, there was broad hearings. public acceptance of the measures con- A grant to the National Asian Pacific tained in the Patriot Act. Now there is an American Legal Consortium brings opportunity to have a more thorough civic together several human and civil rights discussion about the costs of security pro- groups to assess the impact of new anti- cedures to democratic values, and whether terrorism policies and procedures. They trade-offs are necessary to counter terror- include the National Council of La Raza, ism threats. The League of Women Voters Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Education Fund is undertaking a new First, the Center for National Security public-awareness campaign called “Local Studies, the Leadership Conference Voices: Citizen Conversations on Civil on Human Rights, and the National Liberties and Secure Communities.” Large Immigration Forum, along with the par- community forums in ten cities will col- ticipation of the American Civil Liberties lect citizens’ views and concerns and then Union. The Consortium is coordinating report the compiled results to members of the collection of information about the the Administration and Congress.

President’s Essay  A Foundation's Responsibility in Uncertain Times

The United States has always led POSITIVE “DUAL-USE” by example as a shining city on the hill. To promote security and long-term Our core strength resides in our power prosperity, it will be important to make to inspire others to be free and fair. the smartest possible choices about If we believe that the promotion of public investments. One way to obtain these ideals is essential to achieving a more value is to identify ways to improve long-term solution to terrorism, then protection while also enhancing public we should not allow our fears to com- infrastructure and services. promise those values at home in ways The grant to Carnegie Mellon’s that undermine our efforts to encourage Department of Engineering and democracy abroad. Public Policy is focused on such positive “dual-use” technologies and systems — Balancing Our Investments areas where critical infrastructure Just as our nation must weigh security investments can protect against terrorist considerations against traditional values, threats while also improving the overall we must also ensure a proper balance delivery of public goods and services. between the investments we make in secu- Projects are identifying ways to design rity and other national priorities. The key safer systems for airliners, mail processing, question to be asked is whether security and computers, as well as analyzing, man- dollars are matched to the most likely aging, and communicating environmental threats. Resources must be strategically and health risks. allocated among offensive, defensive, and Take the question of how to safeguard preventive strategies for combating threats the electric power grid. The current and reducing dangers. system of electricity generation and We support a range of efforts to distribution is highly complex and inter- help get this balance right. A Century dependent, and therefore highly vulnera- Foundation task force has evaluated critical ble. Anomalies created in one part of homeland security needs at the national, the chain can have enormous effects state, and local levels. Organizations like throughout the system. Researchers at the Federation of American Scientists are Carnegie Mellon are examining possible helping policymakers weigh the likelihood solutions, like increasing the number and potential impact of nuclear, biologi- and distribution of electricity generators cal, and chemical threats. The Center for by using natural gas, wind, and solar tech- Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is nologies, or incorporating “micro-grid” analyzing the budget of the Department distribution systems for hospitals, industrial of Defense to understand how the relative parks, and shopping centers. Introducing dangers of nuclear, biological, and space improvements like these would protect technology are matched by the depart- the country from accidents as well as ment’s spending priorities. And the Center terrorism, increase energy efficiency, and on Budget and Policy Priorities examines reduce pollution. the entire federal budget to determine Another award to the Center for whether security expenditures are being Strategic and International Studies made effectively and not diverting funds explores how public health systems can from other pressing needs. help defend against bioterrorist attacks

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation “ Hope motivates us as a nation better than fear.”

while upgrading disease surveillance in idealism that is at the heart of America’s general. Introducing systematic screening national character. for infectious diseases — influenza, hepatitis, hiv, measles, West Nile Virus The search for human security is a central — could also help authorities detect theme that defines MacArthur’s work. We attacks using smallpox or anthrax. hope that our human rights program in The Foundation invites other projects Nigeria, our support for a robust, indepen- that explore the positive potential of dent intellectual life in Russia, our efforts to “dual-use” strategies. reduce maternal mortality and encourage Americans are by nature optimistic sensible population policies in India, our ini- people who believe that hard work, inge- tiative to increase affordable rental housing in nuity, and common purpose can yield the United States, our investment in building progress and overcome almost any obstacle. healthy urban neighborhoods across America We are not at our best in a defensive, reac- all contribute to that goal. Wider human tive mode. Hope motivates us as a nation security undercuts the appeal of those who better than fear. Forging a link between promote terrorism and political violence. investments in homeland security and These longer-term MacArthur pro- advancing a domestic agenda of fairness grams are complemented by the more and opportunity will build public patience explicit focus on international and home- to stay the course. land security described in this essay. We In all of these areas — setting security believe that foundations like ours have a priorities, strengthening core systems, responsibility to help make the country protecting basic freedoms — broad public more secure. MacArthur’s goal is to help debate will help generate a shared sense of build an America for the future that is responsibility for our safety. A homeland stronger, safer, and better while remaining security strategy that responds vigilantly true to its traditional values. to real dangers while preserving America’s core values will serve our country well Jonathan F. Fanton while reflecting the mix of pragmatism and President

President’s Essay  IN P URSUIT OF SECU RI T Y AT HOM E A N D AB ROAD Representative Grants, 2001–2004

STRENGTHENING SECURITY Cornell University, Peace Studies Program, RESEARCH AND POLICY Ithaca, New York $1,109,000 in support of research and training to strengthen scientific and technical advice on international American Association for the Advancement of Science, peace and security policy (over three years). Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy, Washington, D.C. Council on Foreign Relations, New York, New York $2,250,000 in support of a new center for science, tech- $375,000 in support of the Next Generation Fellows nology, and security policy (over three years). Program (over two years). Arms Control Association, Washington, D.C. Georgetown University, Institute for the Study of $400,000 in support of policy research and engagement Diplomacy, Washington, D.C. activities to reduce the dangers posed by nuclear and $250,000 in support of a research project, Discourse, biological weapons (over 30 months). Dissent, and Strategic Surprise and the challenge of processing intelligence related to weapons of mass Brookings Institution, Foreign Policy Studies Program, destruction (over two years). Washington, D.C. $450,000 in support of the project, The Future of Arms Georgetown University, Women in International Control (over three years). Security, Washington, D.C. $250,000 for an initiative to strengthen communication Center for Policy Studies in Russia-pir Center, between technical experts and the policymakers respon- Moscow, Russia sible for security issues (over two years). $600,000 in support of education and training programs on nonproliferation and reduction of nuclear threats and Georgia Institute of Technology, Sam Nunn School of toward the ongoing publication of the journal Yaderny International Affairs, Atlanta, Georgia Kontrol (over three years). $1,248,000 in support of research, training, and policy engagement to strengthen scientific and technical advice Center for Strategic & International Studies, on international security problems (over three years). Washington, D.C. $400,000 in support of the Program on New Approaches Harvard University, Belfer Center for Science and to Russian Security (over three years). International Affairs, Cambridge, Massachusetts $3,100,000 in support of the Managing the Atom Project China Arms Control and Disarmament Association, (over eight years). Beijing, China $150,000 in support of policy research and engagement on problems of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament (over two years).

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Henry L. Stimson Center, Washington, D.C. rand, Arlington, Virginia $375,000 in support of a program of congressional $50,000 in support of a Russian-American working education and engagement on issues related to weapons group on nato-Russia relations. of mass destruction and cooperative security in outer space (over three years). Stanford University, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford, California Institute of Applied Physics and Computational $260,000 in support of the Project on Peace and Mathematics, Beijing, China Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region (over two years). $148,000 in support of the Program for Science and $1,350,000 in support of research, training, and policy National Security Studies for international networking engagement to strengthen scientific and technical and information exchange activities among scientists advice on international peace and security problems from China, the United States, and other countries on (over three years). technical issues of arms control and nonproliferation (over three years). Tsinghua University Institute of International Studies, Beijing, China King’s College London, Department of War Studies, $150,000 in support of training and research on inter- London, United Kingdom national security issues in the Arms Control Program $1,200,000 in support of a new interdisciplinary program (over two years). of research and training to reduce the dangers associated with weapons of mass destruction and to promote Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts nonproliferation (over three years). $1,278,000 in support of the Union of Concerned Scientists’ activities to provide policymakers and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Security Studies public with scientific information and analysis related to Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts securing weapons of mass destruction (over three years). $1,800,000 in support of scientific and technical research on international security issues at the Technology Group $98,000 in support of the first international professional of the mit Security Studies Program (over five years). meeting of independent technical peace and security analysts. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Program in Moscow, Russia Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security, $400,000 in support of a training program on Champaign, Illinois technical aspects of disarmament and nonproliferation $1,350,000 in support of research, training, and policy (over three years). engagement to strengthen scientific and technical advice on international peace and security policy National Research Council, National Academy of (over three years). Sciences, Washington, D.C. $900,000 in support of a pilot initiative to establish University of Sussex, Science Policy Research Unit, the Jefferson Senior Science Fellows Program at the Brighton, United Kingdom U.S. Department of State (over three years). $325,000 in support of the Harvard-Sussex Program on Chemical and Biological Weapons Armament and Arms Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable Limitation (over two years). Development, Berkeley, California $600,000 in support of an East Asian network of scientists U.S. Pugwash, Washington, D.C. undertaking collaborative research on international $150,000 for activities to control nuclear, biological, security issues (over three years). and chemical weapons and to bring a new generation of scientists into debate and analysis of international security Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, issues (over three years). Rome, Italy $350,000 for activities to control nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons and to bring a new generation of scientists into debate and analysis of international security issues (over three years).

Representative Grants  STEMMING CROSS-BORDER FLOWS OF DEADLY TECHNOLOGIES

Analytical Center for Non-Proliferation, Sarov, Russia Institute for Medical Risk Studies, Lincoln, Massachusetts $215,000 in support of research activities to reduce $225,000 in support of a research project, A Transnational nuclear dangers and strengthen the nuclear nonprolifera- Strategy for International Bio-Criminalization tion regime (over four years). (over two years).

Arms Control Association, Washington, D.C. International Institute for Strategic Studies, $250,000 in support of efforts to maintain and London, United Kingdom strengthen international arms control agreements $225,000 in support of the Non-Proliferation Programme and to raise awareness about U.S. arms control policy to address nuclear proliferation dangers in North Korea, (over two years). Iran, India, and Pakistan (over two years). $37,413 in support of a study on North Korea’s weapons Brookings Institution, Foreign Policy Studies Program, of mass destruction. Washington, D.C. $600,000 in support of a Science and Technology International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Fellow and in support of a new project, Force Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and Legitimacy in the Evolving International System $50,000 in support of a workshop to prepare recommenda- (over two years). tions for strengthening the Chemical Weapons Convention.

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Washington, D.C. International Security and Arms Control, Washington, D.C. $675,000 in support of the Non-Proliferation Project’s $1,200,000 in support of policy dialogues with counter- activities to develop and promote an international parts in Russia, China, and India and for policy studies nonproliferation strategy (over two years). on arms reduction, defensive technologies, and the weaponization of space (over four years). Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, Washington, D.C. Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York $575,000 in support of policy research and engagement $600,000 in support of policy research and engagement on nuclear and biological weapons issues. (over four years). on nuclear disarmament issues and the safety of the U.S. nuclear weapons complex (over three years). Center for Strategic & International Studies, Washington, D.C. Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable $650,000 in support of the Biological Threat Reduction Development, Berkeley, California Initiative (over three years). $100,000 in support of a project to convene a technical $200,000 in support of the Congressional working group to address the U.S.-North Korea impasse Nonproliferation Forum (over two years). over uranium enrichment activities.

Committee of Scientists for Global Security, Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, Hessische Stiftung Moscow, Russia Friedens-Und Konfliktforschung, Frankfurt, Germany $220,000 in support of U.S.-Russian research and $200,000 in support of research on nuclear classification cooperation to reduce biological weapons dangers practices of the U.S., Russia, France, China, India, and (over two years). the United Kingdom for support of new approaches to verifiable arms control (over two years). Harvard University, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Cambridge, Massachusetts Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of $825,000 in support of the Stanford-Harvard Preventive Public and International Affairs, Princeton, New Jersey Defense Project (over six years). $600,000 in support of the Program on Science and Global Security, which trains researchers in nuclear arms control and nonproliferation (over three years).

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Russian-American Nuclear Security Advisory Council, University of Southampton, Programme for Promoting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Southampton, United Kingdom $550,000 in support of activities to strengthen and $100,000 in support of work to strengthen legal expand cooperative threat reduction programs in the frameworks that limit the spread of nuclear weapons. former Soviet Union (over three years). Verification Research, Training and Information Centre, Stanford University, Center for International Security London, United Kingdom and Cooperation, Stanford, California $500,000 in support of a program to develop and $375,000 in support of the Stanford-Harvard Preventive promote effective verification methods for international Defense Project (over three years). agreements governing weapons of mass destruction $25,000 to convene experts from the U.S., China, and (over three years). South Korea to develop practical steps to defuse the North Korean nuclear proliferation crisis. Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, Washington, D.C. $350,000 to support activities of the Nuclear Threat Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts Reduction Campaign to secure and reduce nuclear, bio- $543,000 in support of the Global Security Program logical, chemical, and radiological weapons and delivery (over three years). systems (over two years).

University of Maryland Foundation, Adelphi, Maryland $2,100,000 in support of the Center for International and Security Studies’ Advanced Methods of Cooperative Security Project (over five years).

STRENGTHENING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

American Physical Society, New York, New York Monterey Institute of International Studies, $100,000 for an analysis of key technical issues involved Monterey, California in a national missile defense system. $550,000 in support of a Scientist-in-Residence program and for policy research on verification of tactical nuclear Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Engineering weapons reductions (over three years). and Public Policy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania $1,158,000 in support of research and training to Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of strengthen public policy advice on international peace Public and International Affairs, Princeton, New Jersey and security (over three years). $1,350,000 in support of research and teaching to strengthen scientific and technical advice on international Center for Defense Information, Washington, D.C. peace and security (over three years). $650,000 in support of a program of policy research and engagement on nuclear weapons systems and their Project on Government Oversight, Washington, D.C. vulnerabilities (over three years). $250,000 in support of policy research and engagement to improve government protection of nuclear weapons Federation of American Scientists Fund, Washington, D.C. and materials (over two years). $2,300,000 in support of activities to make available to policymakers and the public scientific information and analysis related to arms control and weapons of mass destruction (over five years).

Representative Grants  EXPLORING POTENTIAL DANGERS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Center for Policy Studies in Russia-pir Center, Henry L. Stimson Center, Washington, D.C. Moscow, Russia $62,500 in support of research on the weaponization $650,000 in support of training, research, and policy of space. engagement on nonproliferation and disarmament issues (over three years). National Academy of Sciences, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Washington, D.C. Council on Foreign Relations, New York, New York $400,000 in support of a study of the policy dimensions $50,000 in support of policy analysis and the develop- of offensive information warfare (over 18 months). ment of recommendations for sound U.S. military policy in space. University of Hamburg, Research Center Biotechnology, Society and Environment, Eisenhower Institute, Washington, D.C. Hamburg, Germany $850,000 in support of the Eisenhower World $100,000 in support of the Study Group on Biological Affairs Institute’s project, The Future of Space Weapons and Arms Control to develop new concepts to (over three years). reduce biological weapons dangers (over two years).

George Washington University, Elliott School of University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, International Affairs, Washington, D.C. Sacramento, California $200,000 for activities to educate researchers, policy- $250,000 in support of legal analysis and policy research makers, and journalists about the potential implications to reduce biological weapons dangers (over two years). of space weaponization (over two years). University of Sussex, Science Policy Research Unit, Harvard University, Department of Molecular and Brighton, United Kingdom Cellular Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts $490,000 in support of scientific advice and policy $815,000 in support of scientific advice and policy research by the Harvard-Sussex Program to promote research by the Harvard-Sussex Program to promote the global prohibition of biological and chemical the global prohibition of biological and chemical weapons and the prevention of hostile exploitation of weapons and the prevention of hostile exploitation of biotechnology (over three years). biotechnology (over three years).

RESPONDING TO AND PREVENTING TERRORIST ATTACKS

America Prepared Campaign, New York, New York Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Washington, D.C. $500,000 in support of media research and development as $250,000 to study how the recent terrorist attacks on part of a campaign to educate American citizens to defend America have affected government spending. themselves against terrorist attacks (over two years). Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Washington, D.C. Research, Washington, D.C. $250,000 in support of budget research and analysis on $50,000 in support of the Continuity of Government national spending to reduce the dangers associated with project. nuclear, biological, and space weapons (over two years). $50,000 for a project on the expeditious replacement of legislators in the event of a terrorist attack on the Century Foundation, Washington, D.C. Capitol building. $250,000 to establish a task force that will analyze and issue recommendations on the mission, structure, and strategy of the new Office on Homeland Security.

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation International Crisis Group, Brussels, Belgium National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. $400,000 for a project titled Building Sustainable $150,000 to accelerate efforts to reduce the danger of International Defences Against Terrorism. nuclear weapon use by terrorist organizations.

International Peace Academy, New York, New York National Mental Health Association, Alexandria, Virginia $100,000 for policy research on the role of the United $150,000 for a project to improve community responses Nations in addressing terrorism. to trauma, grief, and related mental health needs and the coordination of services to meet those needs. King’s College London, Department of War Studies, London, United Kingdom National Opinion Research Center at the University $150,000 for a project to draw on European experience of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois in counterterrorist activities and to assess capabilities $220,000 in support of Public Response to a National for coordinated action among European countries Tragedy, a research project to learn how individuals and the U.S. readjust their lives in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks and how they react to additional events associated Lichtenstein Creative Media, New York, New York with actions taken against terrorism. $100,000 to distribute “Mental Health in Troubled Times,” an educational kit drawn from five The Infinite Nuclear Threat Initiative, Washington, D.C. Mind documentary television programs covering all $250,000 in support of public education efforts aspects of mental health relating to the September 11 to inform policymakers and others about the nuclear attacks and their aftermath. terrorism threat.

Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, California $100,000 in support of work to assess the risk that weapons of mass destruction, including chemical and biological weapons, might move out of weakened states and into the hands of terrorists.

UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES OF TERRORISM

Aspen Institute, Washington, D.C. Columbia University in the City of New York, School $300,000 in support of a series of seminars for key of International and Public Affairs, New York, New York members of Congress from both parties on issues $125,000 in support of the Gulf/2000 Project related to the September 11 attacks. The Institute also (over three years). sponsored an in-depth Congressional conference on Islam, terrorism, and the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations, New York, New York $50,000 in support of programs related to the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, September 11 attacks. Washington, D.C. $130,000 in support of projects addressing security issues in Institute for War and Peace Reporting, London, southern Eurasia, defined as the Muslim regions of Russia United Kingdom and the states of the Caucasus and Central Asia. $130,000 for a project linking journalists and analysts from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, and the Central Asian Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, states doing independent reporting and analysis. Stanford, California $70,000 in support of the project, Anti-Americanism and National Public Radio, Washington, D.C. Changes in World Politics. $400,000 for expanded news coverage on the U.S. campaign against terrorism. Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, Chicago, Illinois $100,000 in support of public education and networking wgbh Educational Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts related to the September 11 attacks. $500,000 in support of Frontline’s expanded programming in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.

Representative Grants  PROTECTING FUNDAMENTAL VALUES

American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, International Rescue Committee, Inc., New York, New York New York, New York $250,000 for activities on behalf of refugees and internally $1,000,000 in support of general operations displaced persons in Afghanistan and Pakistan. (over two years). $250,000 in support of work to protect civil liberties in Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, New York, New York the wake of the September 11 attacks. $100,000 for a project to preserve core democratic values in the face of terrorism. Center for Democracy and Technology, Washington, D.C. $250,000 in support of the Security, Freedom and League of Women Voters Education Fund, Washington, D.C. Technology Project. $225,000 in support of the project titled Local Voices: Citizen Conversations on Civil Liberties and Secure Center for Investigative Reporting, San Francisco, California Communities. $250,000 in support of a documentary film entitled No Place to Hide: Stories From a Surveillance Society. Lumiere Productions, New York, New York $50,000 in support of the documentary film Caught in Chicago Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights the Crossfire, a one-hour film about the changing lives Under Law, Chicago, Illinois of Arab Americans in New York as the result of the $65,000 for work designed to reduce the incidence of September 11 attacks. hate crime and likely landlord and employer discrimination toward persons of Middle Eastern ancestry. National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium, Washington, D.C. Crossroads Fund, Chicago, Illinois $125,000 in support of a leadership role in the Rights $20,000 in support of the Critical Response Fund, which Working Group (over two years). makes grants to Chicago-area organizations working to defend civil rights and combat racism and hate crimes. National Security Archive Fund, Washington, D.C. $200,000 in support of research, analysis, and public Heartland Alliance for Human Needs and Human education to protect civil liberties. Rights, Chicago, Illinois $75,000 in support of the Midwest Immigrant and National Video Resources, New York, New York Human Rights Center, which has increased its services in $65,000 in support of After 9/11, a video collection the wake of the terrorist attacks. promoting knowledge, understanding, and tolerance.

Human Rights Watch, New York, New York Physicians for Human Rights, Boston, Massachusetts $250,000 in support of efforts to monitor refugee flows $200,000 to send three two-person teams to the and the effects of hostilities on civilian populations in Afghanistan region to monitor and document the human sensitive areas abroad. rights situation there, with a view toward helping the movement of food, medicine, and shelter to refugees.

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Program on Global Security Grantmaking Activities and Sustainability Corinne Dufka

MacArthur Fellow, In her efforts to redress human rights and analysis for Human Rights Watch, 2003 abuses, particularly in West Africa, Corinne chronicling the plight of victims and Dufka has worn many hats — documentary the motivations of the perpetrators. By After the Genocide in photographer, psychiatric social worker, listening carefully to all perspectives, she Rwanda, 1994 reporter, analyst, justice investigator. She has earned a reputation for integrity and recorded abuses first as a photojournalist for veracity. Today, she is West Africa team Reuters, where she covered the Rwandan leader for Human Rights Watch, overseeing genocide, the civil war in Sierra Leone, and the organization’s work in Liberia and other devastations, and then in interviews Sierra Leone.

MacArthur Fellows • 2004 • Angela Belcher • Gretchen Berland • James Carpenter • Joseph DeRisi • Katherine Gottlieb • David Green • Aleksandar Hemon • Heather Hurst • Edward P. Jones • John Kamm • Daphne Koller • Naomi Leonard • Tommie Lindsey • Rueben Martinez • Maria Mavroudi • Vamsi Mootha • Judy Pfaff • Aminah Robinson • Reginald Robinson • Cheryl Rogowski • Amy Smith • Julie Theriot • C. D. Wright • 2003 • Guillermo Algaze • James J. Collins • Lydia Davis • Erik Demaine • Corinne Dufka • Peter Gleick • Osvaldo Golijov • Deborah Jin • Angela Johnson • Tom Joyce • Sarah H. Kagan • Ned Kahn • Jim Yong Kim • Nawal Nour • Loren Rieseberg • Amy Rosenzweig • Pedro A. Sanchez • Lateefah Simon • Peter Sis • Sarah Sze • Eve Troutt Powell • Anders Winroth • Daisy Youngblood • Xiaowei Zhuang • 2002 • Bonnie Bassler • Ann Blair • Katherine Boo • Paul Ginsparg • David B. Goldstein • Karen Hesse • Janine Jagger • Daniel Jurafsky • Toba Khedoori • Liz Lerman • George Lewis • Liza Lou • Edgar Meyer • Jack Miles • Erik Mueggler • Sendhil Mullainathan • Stanley Nelson • Lee Ann Newsom • Daniela Rus • Charles Steidel • Brian Tucker • Camilo José Vergara • Paul Wennberg • Colson Whitehead • 2001 • Danielle Allen • Andrea Barrett • Christopher Chyba • Michael Dickinson • Rosanne Haggerty • Lene Hau • Dave Hickey • Stephen Hough • Kay Redfield Jamison • Sandra Lanham • Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle • Cynthia Moss • Dirk Obbink • Norman Pace • Suzan-Lori Parks • Brooks Pate • Xiao Qiang • Geraldine Seydoux • Bright Sheng • David Spergel • Jean Strouse • Julie Su • David Wilson • 2000 • Susan E. Alcock • K. Christopher Beard • Lucy Blake • Anne Carson • Peter Hayes • David Isay • Alfredo Jaar • Ben Katchor • Hideo Mabuchi • Susan Marshall • Samuel Mockbee • Cecilia Muñoz • Margaret Murnane • Laura Otis • Lucia Perillo • Matthew Rabin • Carl Safina • Daniel Schrag • Susan Sygall • Gina Turrigiano • Gary Urton • Patricia J. Williams • Deborah Willis • Erik Winfree • Horng-Tzer Yau • 1999 • Jillian Banfield • Carolyn Bertozzi • Xu Bing • Bruce Blair • John Bonifaz • Shawn Carlson • Mark Danner • Alison Des Forges • Elizabeth Diller • Saul Friedländer • Jennifer Gordon • David Hillis • Sara Horowitz • Jacqueline Jones • Laura Kiessling • Leslie Kurke • David Levering Lewis • Juan Maldacena • Gay J. McDougall • Campbell McGrath • Denny Moore • Elizabeth Murray • Pepon Osorio • Ricardo Scofidio • Peter Shor • Eva Silverstein • Wilma Subra • Ken Vandermark • Naomi Wallace • Jeffrey Weeks • Fred Wilson • Ofelia Zepeda • 1998 • Janine Antoni • Ida Applebroog • Ellen Barry • Tim Berners-Lee • Linda Bierds • Bernadette Brooten • John Carlstrom • Mike Davis • Nancy Folbre • Avner Greif • Kun-Liang Guan • Gary Hill • Edward Hirsch • Ayesha Jalal • Charles R. Johnson • Leah Krubitzer • Stewart Kwoh • Charles Lewis • William McDonald • Peter Miller • Don Mitchell • (MacArthur Fellows by class, 1981 to 2004) continued on page 42 P R OG RA M ON G LO B A L S E CU RITY A N D S U S TAI NA BI L ITY

The objectives of the Program on Global Security and Sustainability (GSS) are to promote peace within and among countries, healthy ecosystems worldwide, responsible reproductive choices, and the protection of human rights. The Foundation encourages work that addresses these objectives and recognizes the interactions among these global problems.

In selecting areas of emphasis for its and increasingly violent political and INTERNATIONAL PEACE international grantmaking, the Founda- ideological competition within and AND SECURITY tion is responding to a dynamic global among countries. The Foundation supports projects context. In the past decade, change has Such threats to the well-being of and institutions that address the threat been particularly dramatic. National societies are hardly new; rapid popu- posed by weapons of mass destruction. boundaries have been redrawn. Societies lation increase, environmental degra- Grantmaking is designed to help in have moved — often unsteadily — toward dation, poverty, war, and the abuse the work of reducing nuclear arsenals democracy and free-market economies. of human rights have a long history. and biological and chemical weapons Terrorism has emerged as a worldwide What is different is the present context stockpiles, destroying or safeguarding threat. Technological innovations and of globalization — the rapid spread of weapons materials, and promoting economic trends have multiplied global technologies, people, money, and infor- innovative frameworks for achieving linkages of every kind. And — for better mation in ways that do not conform to international peace and security. or worse — non-state actors have joined previous political, cultural, or ecological Through its Science, Technology, governments as major participants in boundaries. New challenges arise from and Security Initiative, the Foundation world affairs. globalization, including, for example, seeks to strengthen independent scien- At the same time, there have been whether and how to intervene in civil tific and technical advice available to continuing population increases in conflicts; how to balance trade, the policymakers. countries that can least afford it, and new environment, and development; and migration pressures; uneven economic how to protect human rights irrespective growth that has put pressure on human of country or culture. development and the environment; Work of the Program on Global Security and Sustainability is also carried out through Foundation offices in India, Mexico, Nigeria, and Russia.

Program on Global Security and Sustainability  CONSERVATION AND POPULATION AND UNIVERSITIES AND SCHOLARLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND This grantmaking area is dedicated to Grantmaking in this area reflects a NIGERIA conserving biodiversity, to enhancing comprehensive approach to reproductive knowledge of how to use natural and sexual health and rights, one that In Russia, the Foundation seeks to resources sustainably over the long places women’s well-being at the center support universities and other elements term, and to ensuring that those living of population policy and emphasizes of scholarly infrastructure to enhance in or near sensitive areas benefit from the rights of individuals to determine the skills and capacities of scholar- conservation efforts. Work is supported and plan family size. Through its offices practitioners, and to support the in a small number of tropical biogeo- in India, Mexico, and Nigeria, the development of modern university- graphic zones, chosen for their richness Foundation makes grants that support based science and social science of species diversity, endemism, limited efforts to reduce maternal mortality and research and training capabilities. In institutional capacity, and level of threat. morbidity and to advance the sexual and Nigeria, the Foundation is providing MacArthur also supports research reproductive health and rights of young long-term support for four leading exploring approaches to conservation people in these three countries. Nigerian universities, helping them that recognize the important interaction to rebuild and upgrade their facili- between people and protected areas. ties, curricula, and faculty. This work HUMAN RIGHTS AND reflects MacArthur’s participation in INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE the Partnership for Higher Education in Africa, done jointly with the Ford This grantmaking area addresses human and Rockefeller foundations and the rights through grants to selected U.S.- Carnegie Corporation of New York. based organizations that work internationally and to projects that seek to further the development of an inter- For additional information about MacArthur national justice system. In addition, programs and grantmaking guidelines, see the the Foundation supports human rights Foundation’s Web site, www.macfound.org. organizations in Mexico, Nigeria, and Russia.

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation P ROG R A M ON G LO B A L S EC U R I T Y AN D S USTAI N A BI L I TY Grants Authorized 

IN TER NATIONAL PEACE AND Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable SECURITY Development, Berkeley, California , in support of an East Asian network of scientists undertaking collaborative research on international security issues (over three years). www.nautilus.org SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SECURITY POLICY Student Pugwash, Washington, D.C. , in support of education and training on science Analytical Center for Non-Proliferation, Sarov, Russia and security policy issues (over two years). www.spusa.org , in support of research activities to reduce nuclear dangers and strengthen the nuclear nonprolifera- Tsinghua University Institute of International Studies, tion regime (over two years). npc.sarov.ru/english Arms Control Program, Beijing, China , in support of training and research on inter- Center for Policy Studies in Russia-pir Center, national security issues (over two years). Moscow, Russia , in support of training, research, and outreach University of Maryland Foundation, Center for to policymakers on nonproliferation and disarmament International and Security Studies, Adelphi, Maryland issues (over three years). www.pircenter.org ,, in support of the Advanced Methods of Cooperative Security Project (over five years). China Arms Control and Disarmament Association, www.cissm.umd.edu Beijing, China , in support of policy research and dialogues on problems of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament (over two years). www.cacda.org.cn NEW APPROACHES TO COOPERATIVE SECURITY Harvard University, Belfer Center for Science and Center for Strategic and International Studies, International Affairs, Cambridge, Massachusetts Washington, D.C. ,, in support of the Managing the Atom Project , in support of the Biological Threat Reduction (over five years). www.bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu initiative (over  months). www.csis.org Landau Network-Centro Volta, Centro Di Cultura Committee of Scientists for Global Security, Scientifica Alessandro Volta, Como, Italy Moscow, Russia , in support of a workshop on “Security Issues , in support of U.S.-Russian research and Economic Co-operative Dimension in South Asia: and cooperation to reduce biological weapons dangers Towards a Regional Stability.” www.centrovolta.it (over two years). National Academy of Sciences, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Washington, D.C. , for a study of the policy dimensions of offensive information warfare (over  months). www.cstb.org

International Peace and Security  University of Hamburg, Research Center for Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Biotechnology, Society and Environment, Washington, D.C. Hamburg, Germany , in support of the Non-Proliferation Project’s , in support of the Study Group on Biological activities to promote a new international nonproliferation Weapons and Arms Control (over two years). strategy. www.ceip.org

University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, Sacramento, California Washington, D.C. , in support of legal analysis and policy research , in support of policy research and discussion to reduce biological weapons dangers (over two years). forums on nuclear and biological weapons issues. www.mcgeorge.edu www.armscontrolcenter.org

Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York POLICY RESEARCH , in support of policy research and dissemination on nuclear disarmament issues and the safety of Arms Control Association, Washington, D.C. the U.S. nuclear weapons complex (over three years). , in support of policy research and education www.nrdc.org to reduce the dangers posed by nuclear and biological weapons (over  months). www.armscontrol.org Ploughshares Fund, San Francisco, California , in support of the Peace and Security Funders Brookings Institution, Foreign Policy Studies Program, Group (over two years). www.ploughshares.org Washington, D.C. , in support of a Science and Technology Fellow Project on Government Oversight, Washington, D.C. and a project on the legitimacy of force as a means , in support of policy research and outreach to of restraining weapons proliferation (over two years). improve government protection of nuclear weapons and www.brookings.edu materials (over two years). www.pogo.org

CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

AFRICA Centre Ecologique Libanona, Fort Dauphin, Madagascar , for institutional capacity building and the Association Nationale pour la Gestion des Aires development of an ecological training program Protegées, Antananarivo, Madagascar (over three years). , in support of capacity building for the management of marine protected areas in Madagascar Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, (over three years). www.cbsg.org Jersey, United Kingdom , to review and monitor the development of BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom management regimes for protected areas in Madagascar , in support of the development of Asity, (over three years). www.durrellwildlife.org a Malagasy bird conservation group, and for the conservation of the Magoky-Ihofry wetlands in Madagascar Groupe d’Etudes et de Recherche sur les Primates (over three years). www.birdlife.org de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar , in support of primate research and conservation care, Atlanta, Georgia planning (over three years). , in support of community management of coastal zone resources and marine biodiversity in Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Madagascar’s Masoala peninsula (over three years). , to consolidate scientific research for conserva- www.careusa.org tion decision making in Madagascar using the rebioma database, in collaboration with the Wildlife Conservation Society (over three years). www.princeton.edu; wcs.org

 Program on Global Security and Sustainability Tany Meva Foundation, Antananarivo, Madagascar Mahonia na Dari, Kimbe, Papua New Guinea , to strengthen institutional capacity for support- , to promote local management and protec- ing the development of conservation sites in Madagascar tion of marine areas through capacity building and local (over three years). www.tanymeva.org/eng awareness programs (over two years). www.mahonia.org

University of Antananarivo, Faculty of Sciences, Marine Aquarium Council, Honolulu, Hawai’i Antananarivo, Madagascar , to build capacity among aquarium fish , to develop and implement an interdisciplinary collectors to attain mac certification (over three years). course in conservation biology (over three years). www.aquariumcouncil.org

Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia , in support of biodiversity surveys and capacity , for activities to ensure ongoing conservation building in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region practices in the Arnavon Islands and extend the lessons (over two years). www.wcs.org learned to new locations in the western Solomon Islands (over three years). www.nature.org Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York , in support of an integrated strategy for Partners in Community Development Fiji, Suva, Fiji conservation and sustainable natural resource use in , in support of the local, sustainable management Antongil Bay, Madagascar (over three years). www.wcs.org of marine resources in Fiji and Vanuatu and the restora- tion of marine areas using modern management tools and Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York traditional knowledge (over three years). www.fspi.org.fj , to consolidate scientific research for conservation decision making in Madagascar using the rebioma Reef Check Foundation, Pacific Palisades, California database, in collaboration with Princeton University , to monitor compliance with Marine Aquarium (over three years). www.wcs.org Council certification standards by Melanesia’s marine aquarium industry (over three years). www.reefcheck.org World Wide Fund for Nature, Madagascar and West Indian Ocean Programme Office, Antananarivo, Madagascar Royal Government of Bhutan, Ministry of Agriculture, , to develop and test innovative approaches Thimphu, Bhutan for conservation of the Nosy Hara Archipelago in ,, to establish the Ugyen Wangchuck Institute Madagascar (over three years). www.panda.org of Environmental and Forestry Studies (over three years). www.moa.gov.bt World Wildlife Fund, Washington, D.C. , to support the Africa Biodiversity Consultative SeaWeb, Washington, D.C. Group. www.worldwildlife.org , in support of communications training and activities to strengthen marine conservation in Fiji (over three years). www.seaweb.org ASIA-PACIFIC Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, Center for Environmental Law and Community Rights, New Caledonia Boroko, Papua New Guinea , to promote sound government policies in , to defend and protect customary resource fisheries management that meet local needs for marine owners using legal and policy tools (over three years). resource use (over three years). www.spc.int www.celcor.org.pg South Pacific Regional Environment Program, Community Conservation Network, Honolulu, Hawai’i Apia, Samoa , for work to promote the efficient , for activities to improve management of operation of locally managed marine areas for greater inshore fisheries by building capacity at the community conservation impact in Melanesia (over three years). and government department levels (over two years). www.conservationpractice.org www.sprep.org.ws

Environmental Defender’s Office, Sydney, Australia University of Queensland, Centre for Marine Studies, , to provide litigation support and technical Brisbane, Australia assistance for protecting Papua New Guinea’s customary , to demonstrate and test community landowners (over three years). www.edo.org.au co-management systems to protect the coral reefs of Marovo Lagoon in the Solomon Islands (over three years). www.marine.uq.edu.au

Conservation and Sustainable Development  University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide, Eugene, Oregon , to promote community-based marine manage- , to train public interest lawyers in the Caribbean ment in the South Pacific region by acting as the focal in the use of environmental law and policy for biodiver- point for the Locally Managed Marine Area Network sity protection (over three years). www.elaw.org (over three years). www.usp.ac.fj Grupo Jaragua, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Wetlands International-Oceania, Canberra, Australia , in support of conservation work in the , to facilitate the responsible use and manage- Jaragua-Bahoruco-Enriquillo Biosphere Reserve in ment of marine resources through stakeholder training the Dominican Republic (over three years). and the establishment of locally managed marine areas www.geocities.com/grupojaragua/index_english.htm (over three years). www.wetlands.org Instituto del Bien Comun, Lima, Peru World Wide Fund for Nature, South Pacific Programme, , in support of the conservation and management Suva, Fiji of aquatic biodiversity in the Pachitea River Basin. , for activities to enhance the effectiveness of www.biencomun-peru.org locally managed marine areas (over three years). www.wwfpacific.org.fj Latin American Studies Association, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , to support the participation of Cuban WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia scholars in association activities (over two years). , to analyze information collected by the Locally lasa.international.pitt.edu Managed Marine Area Network on coral reef management and disseminate it through the ReefBase database. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia www.reefbase.org , in support of building local capacity for public and private lands conservation in Jamaica (over three years). www.nature.org LATIN AMERICA rare Center for Tropical Conservation, BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom Arlington, Virginia , in support of strengthening the Cuban network , in support of ecotourism enterprises develop- of Important Bird Areas (over three years). www.birdlife.net ment in Grenada, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba (over three years). www.rareconservation.org Caribbean Natural Resources Institute, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural , for strategic planning to strengthen participatory Organization, World Heritage Centre, Paris, France conservation and sustainable development capacity in , to build capacity for designating important the Caribbean. www.canari.org marine World Heritage sites in the Insular Caribbean (over two years). www.unesco.org Centro Ecuatoriano de Derecho Ambiental, Quito, Ecuador United Nations Environment Programme, Caribbean , to implement a decentralized environmen- Regional Coordinating Unit, Kingston, Jamaica tal management system, in coordination with the , in support of a Training of Trainers Programme Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment (over two years). for Marine Protected Areas managers in the Caribbean www.ceda.org.ec/indexi.htm (over three years). www.cep.unep.org

Cornell University, Cornell Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York Ornithology, Ithaca, New York , for technical exchange and applied research in , in support of training and monitoring for con- support of the management of Cuba’s Zapata Swamp servation and management of natural resources in Cuban National Park and watershed (over three years). www.wcs.org protected areas (over three years). www.birds.cornell.edu World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. Environmental Defense Fund, New York, New York , in support of a study on valuation of goods , in support of building technical and administra- and services provided by coral reefs in the Caribbean tive capacity to protect and manage coastal resources in (over three years). www.wri.org Cuba (over three years). www.edf.org

 Program on Global Security and Sustainability World Wildlife Fund-Canada, Toronto, Canada Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts , in support of policies to mitigate the negative , for a study to assess the impact of protected impacts of mass tourism and expand options for small- areas on household welfare. www.bc.edu scale, nature-based visitation in Cuba (over three years). www.wwf.org Consultative Group on Biological Diversity, San Francisco, California , in support of general operations (over two years). RESEARCH www.cgbd.org

Arizona State University, Center for Environmental World Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction Studies, Tempe, Arizona and Development, Washington, D.C. , toward the development of an interdisciplinary , in support of the production and research initiative on advancing conservation in a social dissemination of local language biological field guides. context (over  months). ces.asu.edu www.worldbank.org

POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

INDIA International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, India Anusandhan Trust–Centre for Enquiry into Health , in support of a research program on young and Allied Themes, Mumbai, India people’s sexual and reproductive health in six states in , for work to strengthen the monitoring and India (over four years). www.iipsindia.org evaluation capacity of nongovernmental organizations working in the field of maternal mortality and morbidity Ipas, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and young people’s sexual and reproductive health , for a program to expand access to safe in India (over three years). www.cehat.org abortion services in the state of Maharashtra, India (over two years). www.ipas.org Centre for Development and Population Activities, Washington, D.C. jhpiego, Baltimore, Maryland , in support of work to reduce maternal mortal- , for a program to train general practitioners ity and morbidity at the national level and in one of the in emergency obstetric care in rural areas of India Foundation’s priority states in India (over two years). (over two years). www.jhpiego.org www.cedpa.org Mahila sewa Trust, Ahmedabad, India Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies , for a program to reduce maternal mortality of India, Mahapalika Marg, India and morbidity among self-employed women in , for a program to train general practitioners the Ahmedabad district of Gujarat (over three years). in emergency obstetric care in rural areas of India www.sewa.org (over two years). Mamta-Health Institute for Mother and Child, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi, India New Delhi, India , to prepare a citizen’s report on population , in support of a project to decrease early issues and progress in India since the  International marriage and early pregnancy in the state of Rajasthan Conference on Population and Development. (over three years). www.mamta-himc.org www.ihdindia.org

Population and Reproductive Health  Population Council, New York, New York El Colegio de Mexico, Delegación Tlalpan, , in support of a program to develop the Mexico City, Mexico leadership skills of individuals working in reproductive , in support of research on the structures of health and sexual rights in India. www.popcouncil.org Catholic lay organizations and their activities related to reproductive health and rights (over two years). Ritinjali, New Delhi, India www.colmex.mx , to train school teachers in a sexuality education curriculum in two districts of Rajasthan (over two years). elige: Red de Jóvenes por los Derechos Sexuales y www.ritinjali.org Reproductivos, Mexico City, Mexico , for activities to increase the use of services Sangath, Alto Porvorim, India related to sexual and reproductive health and rights in , in support of a population-based, integrated Mexico City (over three years). model for young people’s sexual and reproductive health in Goa (over three years). www.sangath.com Instituto de Liderazgo Simone de Beauvoir, Mexico City, Mexico Other Grants , to implement a distance training program for individuals working in the field of young people’s sexual Sanskriti Pratishthan, New Delhi, India and reproductive health and rights (over three years). , to restore and preserve the art collections of the www.ilsb.org.mx Sanskriti Museum of Indian Terracotta and the Sanskriti Museum of Everyday Art. www.sanskritifoundation.org Ipas, Chapel Hill, North Carolina , for efforts to increase access to legal abortion services in Mexico (over three years). www.ipas.org MEXICO Letra S, Sida, Cultura y Vida Cotidiana, Afluentes, Mexico City, Mexico Mexico City, Mexico , for work to strengthen reproductive and sexual , to increase media coverage of young health services for young people through two existing peoples’ sexual and reproductive health and rights government health programs (over three years). (over three years). www.afluentes.org Marie Stopes Mexico, San Cristobal de las Casas, Mexico Centro de Investigaciónes en Salud de Comitán, , in support of in-school and community Comitán, Mexico programs to improve the reproductive and , for activities to reduce maternal mortality and sexual health of young people (over three years). morbidity in the southern border region of Chiapas State www.mariestopes.org.uk/ww/mexico.htm (over three years). Nueve Lunas, Oaxaca, Mexico Centro Mujeres, La Paz, Mexico , for a project to reduce maternal deaths in , for activities to improve sexual and Oaxaca State (over three years). reproductive health and rights among young people. www.centromujeresmexico.org Population Council, New York, New York , for a project to share international expertise Chiltak, San Cristobal de las Casas, Mexico on maternal mortality reduction with relevant Mexican , for programs to improve the sexual and government officials. www.popcouncil.org reproductive health of indigenous youth in Chiapas (over three years). web.idrc.ca/en Sistema Nacional de Promoción y Capacitación en Salud Sexual, Mexico City, Mexico Coordinación Nacional de Mujeres de Organizaciones , for projects promoting the reproductive Civiles por un Milenio Feminista, Irapuato, Mexico and sexual health and rights of young people , for efforts to improve access to legal abortion (over three years). www.laneta.apc.org/sisex in six central states in Mexico (over three years). Working Group for Safe Motherhood in Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas, Mexico , in support of a pilot model to reduce maternal mortality in Chiapas (over three years).

 Program on Global Security and Sustainability NIGERIA Global Health and Awareness Research Foundation, Enugu, Nigeria Action Health, Yaba, Nigeria , to implement the National Sexuality Education , to implement the National Sexuality Curriculum in Enugu State (over three years). Education Curriculum in Lagos State (over three years). www.actionhealthinc.org International Women’s Health Coalition, New York, New York baobab for Women’s Human Rights, Lagos, Nigeria , to evaluate the impact of the implementation , for work to promote the reproductive health of the National Sexuality Education Curriculum and rights of women whose lives are governed by in Lagos State, Nigeria (over  months). www.iwhc.org Sharia’h (over three years). www.baobabwomen.org Pathfinder International, Watertown, Massachusetts Center for Communication and Reproductive Health , for a program to develop leadership skills Services, Bida, Nigeria in individuals working for the promotion of young , to implement the National Sexuality people’s sexual and reproductive health and the Education Curriculum in Niger State (over two years). reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity in Nigeria (over three years). www.pathfind.org Community Life Project, Apapa, Nigeria , for activities to increase access to reproductive Population Council, New York, New York and sexual health services for out-of-school youth in , to conduct research on married adolescents in Lagos State (over three years). northern Nigeria. www.popcouncil.org

Girls’ Power Initiative, Nigeria, Calabar, Nigeria Youth, Adolescent, Reflection and Action Center, , in support of the implementation of Jos, Nigeria the National Sexuality Education Curriculum in , to implement the National Sexuality Education Cross River State (over three years). Curriculum in Plateau State (over three years).

Fund for Leadership Development–Nigeria Ima Arit Kashim, Abuja, Nigeria David Olanrewaju Olayemi, Ilorin, Nigeria Safiya Abdullahi, Sokoto, Nigeria , for a project to build the capacity , for a project to improve adolescent , for a study of reproductive health of Muslim groups to increase awareness health in Kwara State through educational and rights perceptions of traditional Sokoto of hiv/aids. programs in the secondary schools. city girls. Maureen Lance-Onyeiwu and Lawrence Omo-Aghoja, Benin City, Nigeria Hajiya Asmau Ahmed, Kano, Nigeria Yahuza Mohammed Iliya, Jos, Nigeria , for a program to increase women’s , for a project to promote better repro- , for a study of the difficulties faced by access to post-abortion care and family ductive health awareness for women in purdah. rural girls seeking reproductive health services. planning in the Niger Delta.

Ter Akaa, Gboko, Nigeria Joseph Olumuyiwa Monehin, Ilorin, Nigeria Christy Bolanle Oyebola, Lagos, Nigeria , for an hiv/aids awareness campaign , for a project to improve reproductive , for a project to increase male emphasizing responsible sexual behavior among health knowledge and behavior among adoles- involvement in making motherhood safer. young people. cent tailor apprentices. Sherifat Taleat-Abayomi, Ibadan, Nigeria Ibrahim Yohanna Garba, Jos, Nigeria Williams Ezinwa Nwagwu, Ibadan, Nigeria , for a project to integrate sexuality , for a project to increase hiv/aids , for a project to review the cultural education in the Quranic school curriculum awareness among young people through the practice of Di Nwanna and its impact on for Muslim children. use of music. young people.

Mojisola Aderonke Odeku, Lagos, Nigeria , for a project to reduce maternal mortality through improved education about potential pregnancy complications.

Population and Reproductive Health  INTERNATIONAL International Planned Parenthood Federation, London, United Kingdom Center for Health and Gender Equity, , to build the capacity of its member associations Takoma Park, Maryland to enhance governance, management, and quality services , in support of activities to strengthen U.S. (over three years). www.ippf.org international policies on reproductive and sexual health (over three years). www.genderhealth.org International Women’s Health Coalition, New York, New York Center for Reproductive Rights, New York, New York ,, in support of general operations , in support of the International Legal Program (over three years). iwhc.org (over three years). www.crlp.org Population Council, New York, New York Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Washington, D.C. , in support of an endowment for the Policy , in support of an exploratory dialogue on applied Research Division. www.popcouncil.org budget analysis as a tool to advance reproductive health. www.cbpp.org Red de Salud de las Mujeres Latinoamericanas y del Caribe, Santiago, Chile Coalition for Women’s Economic Development and , in support of activities focused on advocacy and Global Equality, Washington, D.C. capacity building. www.reddesalud.org , in support of activities pertaining to the Millenium Challenge Account, a program developed by Syracuse University, Maxwell School of Citizenship the Bush administration to guide international aid efforts. and Public Affairs, Syracuse, New York www.womensedge.org , in support of historical case studies of the political dynamics of safe motherhood policy European ngos for Sexual and Reproductive Health in Nigeria, India, and globally (over  months). and Rights, Population and Development, www.maxwell.syr.edu/campbell London, United Kingdom , for efforts to increase the effectiveness of its United Nations Population Fund, New York, New York member organizations (over  months). www.eurongos.org , for activities to promote policymakers’ use of linkages among population dynamics, reproductive health, Global Health Council, Washington, D.C. and poverty reduction. www.unfpa.org , in support of the council’s  annual conference. www.globalhealth.org University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan , to establish ExpandNet, a network of health Harvard University, School of Public Health, professionals seeking to increase the use of successful Cambridge, Massachusetts reproductive health interventions (over three years). , for the development of a global maternal mor- www.umich.edu tality and morbidity policy model. www.hsph.harvard.edu Women’s Global Health Imperative, University of Instituto Promundo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California , in support of pilot tests in Mexico and India of a , for the analysis of a technique to reduce mater- sexual and reproductive health initiative for young people nal deaths from hemorrhage in Egypt. www.wghi.org (over three years). www.promundo.org.br

 Program on Global Security and Sustainability HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE

Altus, The Hague, Netherlands International Rescue Committee, New York, New York , in support of general operations , for efforts to respond to the humanitarian crisis (over two years). www.altus.org in Darfur, Sudan. www.theirc.org

American Society of International Law, Washington, D.C. New York University, Center on International , in support of the project International Law Cooperation, New York, New York Within Nations: Fostering a Multilevel Approach to , in support of the Project on International Rights and Governance (over three years). www.asil.org Courts and Tribunals (over three years). www.cic.nyu.edu

Columbia University, School of International and Physicians for Human Rights, Boston, Massachusetts Public Affairs, New York, New York , in support of general operations , in support of preparatory activities (over three years). www.phrusa.org for the establishment of Security Council Report. www.sipa.columbia.edu Project Ploughshares, Waterloo, Canada , in support of a regional meeting in southern DePaul University College of Law, International Africa on the Responsibility to Protect report and a Human Rights Law Institute, Chicago, Illinois briefing for decision makers in the African Union. , in support of the work of the United Nations www.ploughshares.ca Independent Expert on Human Rights in Afghanistan. www.law.depaul.edu/ihrli Refugees International, Washington, D.C. , in support of the Conflict Resolution DePaul University College of Law, International and Prevention program (over three years). Human Rights Law Institute, Chicago, Illinois www.refugeesinternational.org , in support of participation by the least- developed countries in the meeting of the Stichting Institute for International Criminal International Criminal Court Assembly of States Parties. Investigations Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands www.law.depaul.edu/ihrli , in support of training and coordination (over two years). www.iici.info Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, United Nations, New York, New York Cambridge, Massachusetts , in support of the High-Level Panel on Threats, , to review the state of the field of human rights Challenges, and Change. www.un.org law and advocacy. www.ksg.harvard.edu/cchrp University of British Columbia, Liu Institute for Henry L. Stimson Center, Washington, D.C. Global Issues, Vancouver, Canada , in support of the project U.S. Military , for activities in northern Uganda to connect Perspectives on the International Criminal Court. local actors with international justice efforts. www.ligi.ubc.ca www.stimson.org University of Nottingham School of Law, Human Rights First, New York, New York Human Rights Law Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom ,, in support of general operations , in support of a training program on the (over three years). www.humanrightsfirst.org International Criminal Court. www.nottingham.ac.uk/law/hrlc/index.html International Rescue Committee, New York, New York , in support of emergency response to humanitarian crises around the world (over three years). www.theirc.org

Human Rights and International Justice  MEXICO Justice Development and Peace Commission, Catholic Diocese of Ondo, Nigeria, Akure, Nigeria Centro de Derechos Humanos, Fray Francisco de Vitoria, , in support of a project that addresses human Mexico City, Mexico rights violations resulting from illegal and extended , in support of legal assistance and the develop- pretrial detentions. ment and monitoring of the National Human Rights Program (over three years). Legal Defence and Assistance Project, Anthony Village, Nigeria Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los , for a project to train state prosecutors as a Derechos Humanos, Mexico City, Mexico means of improving the administration of criminal justice , for activities to strengthen human rights in in Nigeria (over three years). www.kabissa.org Mexico (over three years). National Human Rights Commission, Abuja, Nigeria Red Nacional de Organismos Civiles de Derechos , to implement the National Action Plan for the Humanos, “Todos los Derechos para Todos,” Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Nigeria Mexico City, Mexico (over two years). , in support of activities to improve human rights in  Mexican states (over three years). www.redtdt.org.mx Nigeria Police Force, Abuja, Nigeria , for activities to increase collaboration between Sin Fronteras, Mexico City, Mexico civil society and police in Nigeria. www.nigeriapolice.org , in support of activities to strengthen human rights protection for migrants and refugees in Mexico Supreme Court of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria (over three years). www.sinfronteras.org.mx , to improve library databases and expand technical capacity.

NIGERIA RUSSIA Ahmadu Bello University, Faculty of Law, Centre for Islamic Legal Studies, Zaria, Nigeria Center for the Promotion of International Defense, , in support of public education on Sharia’h Moscow, Russia criminal procedure in the northern states of Nigeria. , in support of activities to improve access to the European Court of Human Rights by Russian citizens Center for Law Enforcement Education, Ikeja, Nigeria (over three years). 7, in support of activities to increase police accountability in Nigeria (over three years). www.cleen.org Center for the Support of Democratic Youth Initiatives, Perm, Russia Centre for Research and Documentation, Kano, Nigeria , in support of activities to promote the rights of $50,000 in support of a project on conflict management young men of conscript age (over three years). and the media in Nigeria. Charitable Foundation in Support of Civil Society Civil Liberties Organisation, Ikeja, Nigeria Initiatives “Fulcrum Foundation,” Moscow, Russia , to research and publish information on human , in support of a regranting program to promote rights violations in Nigeria (over two years). human rights activities in  priority regions in the Russian Federation (over three years). Federal Ministry of Justice, Abuja, Nigeria , in support of modernizing the administration Civic Human Rights League, Rostov-on-Don, Russia of the criminal justice system (over two years). , for activities to protect the rights of foreign students in southern Russia (over two years). Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Dos’e na Tsenzuru, Moscow, Russia , in support of work to strengthen transparency , in support of a human rights journal and for a and accountability relating to public oil revenues in the special quarterly publication about human rights viola- Niger Delta (over three years). www.kabissa.org tions by law enforcement personnel (over three years).

 Program on Global Security and Sustainability Fund Konstituzia, Moscow, Russia Rostov Center for International Defense, , in support of the Bulletin of Public Law, a journal Rostov-on-Don, Russia about Russian and European human rights jurisprudence , in support of activities promoting the use of the (over three years). norms of the European Convention on Human Rights in the domestic Russian justice system (over two years). Kazan Human Rights Center, Kazan, Russia , in support of activities to protect human Southern Wave Creative Union, Krasnodar, Russia rights in Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Samara, and Ulyanovsk , in support of activities to promote human (over three years). rights in the Krasnodar region (over three years).

London Metropolitan University, European Human Sutiazhnik Public Association, Ekaterinburg, Russia Rights Advocacy Centre, London, United Kingdom , in support of an Internet training center and , for activities to promote access to the European other training, legal research, and legal defense activities Court of Human Rights in the Russian Federation (over two years). (over three years). www.londonmet.ac.uk/ehrac Women of the Don Region, Novocherkassk, Russia mitacom Foundation for the Development of Social , in support of activities to combat police abuse Responsibility, Moscow, Russia in Novocherkassk (over three years). , in support of a television series on democracy in America and associated outreach activities. OTHER GRANTS Mothers in Defense of the Rights of Those Arrested, Under Investigation and Convicted, Krasnodar, Russia Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, , in support of activities to reduce police abuse Washington, D.C. in the Krasnodar region (over two years). ,, in support of the Global Policy Program (over three years). www.ceip.org Nizhnii Novgorod Regional Non-Governmental Organization “Committee Against Torture,” City University of New York, Ralph Bunche Institute Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia for International Studies, New York, New York , in support of a campaign against police abuse , in support of the final phase of (over three years). the United Nations Intellectual History Project. web.gc.cuny.edu/RalphBuncheInstitute Novorossiisk City Charitable ngo “frodo,” Krasnodar Region, Russia Global Commission on International Migration, , in support of activities to reduce ethnic Geneva, Switzerland discrimination and xenophobia in the Krasnodar region , in support of the Policy Analysis and Research (over two years). Programme. www.gcim.org

Perm Regional Human Rights Center, Perm, Russia Yale University, Center for the Study of Globalization, , in support of activities to stop the use of torture New Haven, Connecticut by law enforcement agencies (over three years). , in support of the online magazine YaleGlobal (over three years). www.ycsg.yale.edu

Human Rights and International Justice  UNIVERSITIES AND SCHOLARLY INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND NIGERIA

NIGERIA RUSSIA

Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria American Councils for International Education, , in support of the purchase of science books. Washington, D.C. , in support of the PhD and Gender Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Studies programs and distance learning initiatives of , in support of a computer revolving loan scheme. the European Humanities University International. www.kanoonline.com www.americancouncils.org

Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria American Councils for International Education, ,, in support of staff development and Washington, D.C. the refurbishing and upgrading of university facilities , in support of the PhD and Gender Studies pro- (over three years). www.kanoonline.com grams and distance learning initiatives of the European Humanities University International (over two years). New School University, Graduate Faculty of Political www.americancouncils.org and Social Science, New York, New York , for a project to strengthen university research American Friends of the New Economic School, libraries in Africa through journal subscriptions University Park, Pennsylvania (over two years). www.newschool.edu ,, in support of recruitment and retention of qualified, full-time faculty members and outreach activi- New York University, Steinhardt School of Education, ties (over five years). New York, New York , to coordinate the Foundation Partnership Center for Anthropological Research, Krasnodar, Russia for Higher Education in Africa (over two years). , in support of research on social transformation in education.nyu.edu the rural communities of the Krasnodar region (over two years). Nigeria Higher Education Foundation, New York, New York , for efforts to build the fundraising and Center for Russian Environmental Policy, Moscow, Russia development capacity of Nigerian universities. , in support of new mechanisms for developing and implementing Russian environmental policy University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (over three years). ,, in support of work to strengthen the human capital, institutional facilities, and governance system of Centre for Independent Social Research, the university (over three years). www.ui.edu.ng St. Petersburg, Russia , in support of activities to advance sociological University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, studies in Russia (over three years). Champaign, Illinois , for a project to build the capacity of selected European University at St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia university libraries in Nigeria. www.uiuc.edu ,, in support of graduate training and research in the social sciences (over five years). University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria , in support of the purchase of science jstor, New York, New York laboratory equipment. www.uniport.edu.ng , in support of electronic access to archived journals in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities for selected universities in Russia (over three years). www.jstor.org

 Program on Global Security and Sustainability Kharkov Center for Gender Studies, Kharkov, Ukraine Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, , in support of a Russian/nis university Moscow, Russia network on gender studies (over three years). ,, in support of graduate training and research www.gender.univer.kharkov.ua/ENGLISH programs (over five years). www.msses.ru/english

Kiev Ecological and Cultural Center, Kiev, Ukraine Research Center “region,” Ulianovsk, Russia , in support of the Humanitarian Ecological Journal , in support of research, networking, and (over three years). www.ln.com.ua policy studies on youth issues in contemporary Russia (over three years).

SUPPORT FOR INDIVIDUAL SCHOLARS

During the year the Foundation made grants totaling ,, to  individuals in the Russian Federation and post-Soviet states for research and writing projects with practical applications for policy- making and society. The grants focused on four areas: human rights, environment and society, peace and security, and law and society.

Natalia Leonidovna Antonova, Abdulgamid Osmanovich Bulatov, Aigul Begenovna Esimova, Ekaterinburg, Russia Moscow, Russia Chimkent, Kazakhstan “Realization of Patients’ Rights under a “The Transformation of Sufism in the North “Special Features of Reproductive Behavior System of Obligatory Medical Insurance (The Caucasus (Dagestan, Ingushetia, Chechnya) in and the Problem of Realizing Women’s Example of Sverdlovsk Region).” the Post-Soviet Period and Its Influence on the Reproductive Rights in Kazakhstan.” Region’s Ethnic and Political Situation.” Esmira Sadulla kyzy Asadullaeva, Vasili Arsenievich Fedorenko, Baku, Azerbaijan Anton Leonidovich Burkov, Odessa Region, Ukraine “Sustainable Development of the Caspian Sea. Ekaterinburg, Russia “Ecology and Political Authority in Post- Bio-Testing of Oil Pollution from Various Oil “Using the Courts to Defend the Rights of Soviet Ukraine: An Anatomy of the National Fields in the Caspian Basin Using Free-Living Citizens from Illegal Normative Acts.” Campaign Against the Construction of a Infusoria.” Navigable Canal through the Internationally Denis Aleksandrovich Dirin, Barnaul, Russia Protected Ecological Reserve of the ‘Danube Irina Borisovna Baldaeva, Ulan-Ude, Russia “An Evaluation of the Aesthetic Resources of Delta’ and the Lessons to be Learned.” “Socio-Economic and Ethnic Aspects the Landscapes of the Ust-Koksa District in of Homelessness in the Transitional Period the Altai Republic with Regard to Improving Akramsho Saidshoevich Felaliev, (Based on Materials of Eastern Siberia).” Their Use for Recreational Purposes.” Khorog, Tajikistan “Conservation and Reintroduction of a Maria Pavlovna Belousova, Barnaul, Russia Natiia Georgievna Dzhalabadze, Diversity of Wild, Rare and Endangered “Special Features of the Institutionalization Tbilisi, Georgia Fruit- and Nut-Bearing Species in the Pamir: of the Office of the Ombudsman in Russia’s “The ‘Chechen Phenomenon’ in the Reality Development of Effective Practical Steps.” Regions.” of Georgia.” Boris Maksimovich Firsov, Dmitrii Dmitrievich Bogoiavlenskii, Lavrenti Mamievich Dzhaniashvili, St. Petersburg, Russia Moscow, Russia Tbilisi, Georgia “The Mental Worlds of the Contemporary “Russia’s Indigenous Peoples of the North: “The Problem of Social Isolation and Russian Population.” A Right to Life, the Demographic Situation.” the Prospects for Overcoming Alienation (An Ethno-Sociological Study Based on the Iagfar Zakirovich Garipov, Kazan, Russia Taisiia Ivanovna Budnikova, Example of the Population Deported from “The Socialization of Muslim Youth in the Almaty, Kazakhstan Southern Georgia in ).” Context of Contemporary Islamic Radicalism: “Evaluation of Damage Caused by Imbalanced The Case of the Students and Graduates of Management of the Geosystems of the Uran Zhumabekovich Ergeshbaev, Islamic Religious Schools and Institutes of Syrdarya Delta and Development Measures Osh, Kyrgyzstan Higher Education in Tatarstan.” for Its Minimization.” “External Labor Migration of the Population of Kyrgyzstan and Its Socio-Economic Consequences.”

Universities and Scholarly Infrastructure in the Russian Federation and Nigeria  Nataliia Aleksandrovna Goriashko, Viktor Aleksandrovich Los’, Moscow, Russia Sergei Valerievich Naidenko, Moscow, Russia Moscow, Russia “Why Doesn’t the Russian Political Elite Adopt “Development of Techniques for Captive “The History of Science as the Stories of a State Strategy for Sustainable Development?” Breeding of Species with Reflex Ovulation Scientists (The History of Russian Biological and Their Application to the Conservation of Stations in the White Sea Region and Their Sergei Miroslavovich Markedonov, Rare Species.” Role in the Development of Marine Biology Moscow, Russia and in the Growth of Ecological Consciousness “The New Cossacks of Southern Russia and Inna Borisovna Nazarova, Moscow, Russia in Russian Society).” Migrants: Stereotypes, Slogans, Reality.” “Employment in the Labor Market: Health and Conditions of Work.” Lidiia Ivanovna Grafova, Moscow, Russia Oksana Viktorovna Marynich, “The Role of the Mass Media in the Almaty, Kazakhstan Bela Anatolievna Nikitina, Samara, Russia Development of the Migrants’ Movement “Assessment of the Current Condition of “The Development of a Market for Waste in Russia.” Unused Lands in the Kazakhstan Steppe and in the Samara Region: How to Improve Elaboration of Recommendations for Their Enterprises in Effective Waste Management.” Vladimir Ivanovich Il’in, Ecological Rehabilitation (The Case of the St. Petersburg, Russia Naurzum District of Kunstanai Region).” Ianina Gennadievna Nikolaeva, “Social Inequalities in Everyday Life Under Cheboksary, Russia Conditions of an Emerging Consumer Society: Oleg Vladimirovich Meniailo, “Realization of the Rights and Responsibilities The Life Strategies and Practices of Socially Krasnoiarsk, Russia of Fathers After Divorce.” Vulnerable Youth in a Megapolis.” “Reforestation in Siberia and Global Climate Change: A Challenge for Sustainability.” Saodat Kuzievna Olimova, Svetlana Vladlenovna Kardinskaia, Dushanbe, Tajikistan Izhevsk, Russia Aleksandr Nikolaevich Mikhailiuk, “Spiritual Leaders in the Contemporary “Prospects for the Development of Kerch, Ukraine Muslim Society of Central Asia.” National Youth Organizations in Udmurtia: “Fisheries Regulation in Ukraine: Compliance The Problem of the Social Actualization with International and National Legislation Stanislav Evgenievich Panin, Penza, Russia of Ethnic Identity.” and Recommendations for Improvement and “Prostitution in Russia: Women, Society and Legal Education.” Public Policy (From the Mid-th through the Oksana Vladislavovna Karpenko, th Centuries).” St. Petersburg, Russia Joseph Olumuyiwa Monehin, Ilorin, Nigeria “Racism in Russian School Textbooks: For a project to improve reproductive health Mark Valentinovich Pestov, Critical Analysis of Contemporary Russian knowledge and behavior among adolescent Nizhni Novgorod, Russia Educational Discourse.” tailor apprentices. “The Study, Protection and Popularization of the Unique Herpetocomplexes of the Dmitrii Nikolaevich Kavtaradze, Galina Alekseevna Monusova, Lower Volga.” Moscow, Russia Moscow, Russia “The Concept of the Ecopolis (Ecocity) and “The Insulted and Humiliated: Marginals in Marina Mikhailovna Polivanova, its Realization in Russia.” the Labor Market.” Moscow, Russia “Psychological Implications of the Violation of Makvala Iosifovna Kharshiladze, Salikh Kadyrbekovich Murzaev, the Rights of Juvenile Delinquents.” Tbilisi, Georgia Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan “Social Attitudes as a Determining Factor in “The Informational Openness of the Vladimir Andreevich Popov, Moscow, Russia Interethnic Relationships in Tbilisi.” Authorities in Kyrgyzstan in the Context of “A Study of the Current State and Prospects Citizens’ Right to Information.” for the Future of the Development of Cost- Olga Borisovna Khristoforova, Effective and Ecologically Safe Production Lukhovitsy, Russia Aleksandr Evgenievich Musin, of Electrical Energy in Russia Based on New “‘Demonological Discourse’ in the St. Petersburg, Russia Technologies Related to Organic Fuels.” Post-Soviet Village: Socio-Cultural Functions “The Transfer of Historical Monuments to (Based on Examples of Two Confessional the Moscow Patriarchy in Russia -. Olga Viacheslavovna Pospelova, Communities).” Problems of the Preservation of Cultural Arkhangelsk, Russia Heritage in Conditions of Orthodox “A Gender Analysis of Mass Media in Irina Viktorovna Kuchvalskaia, Fundamentalism and Prospects for Their Arkhangelsk.” Gomel, Belarus Resolution in the Framework of Civil Society.” “The Legal Status of Persons Sentenced to Tatiana Borisovna Riabova, Ivanovo, Russia the Death Penalty or Life Imprisonment: Marina Vasilievna Naboka, Kiev, Ukraine “Gender in the Political Discourse of International Standards and the Belarusian “The Chernobyl Syndrome: Analysis of Contemporary Russian Society.” Reality.” Child Morbidity Using Data on Medical Assistance and Clinical Supervision. Modeling Tatiana Vasilievna Riazanova, Perm, Russia Evgenii Valerievich Lopatin, Syktvkar, Russia the Relationship Between Child Morbidity, “A Study of the Reasons for Refusing Social “Developing Methods for Independent Exposure to Radioactive Pollution, and Protection by Female Victims of Violence.” Evaluation of the Condition of Regional the Natural Particularities of the Local Pavel Vasilievich Romanov, Saratov, Russia Forests Based on the Analysis of Remote Environment.” “The Politics of Disability: A Civic Rights Sensing Data.” Strategy for People with Disabilities in Contemporary Russia.”

 Program on Global Security and Sustainability Elena Iurievna Sadovskaia, Sergei Aleksandrovich Soloviev, Dolgor Iampilovna Tubanova, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan Omsk, Russia Ulan-Ude, Russia “Labor Migration in Kazakhstan: A Factor of “Disappearing Birds of Prey and Owls of the “Conservation of the Locally Endemic Legume Social Development or Social Destabilization?” Irtysh Region. The Study, Protection and Species Vicia Tsydenii Malysch (Fabaceae) and Reintroduction of Siberian Eagles and Owls.” the Search for Methods of Its Application in Leisan Nailevna Salakhatdinova, Combating Desertification.” Kazan, Russia Surun-Khanda Dashinimaevna Syrtypova, “Reproductive Health, Reproductive Rights Ulan-Ude, Russia Petr Dmitrievich Vengerov, Voronezh, Russia and Sexuality in the Discourse of Television “The Objects of Traditional Religions of the “Birds and Abandoned Agricultural Lands in Programs in Russia and Tatarstan.” Peoples of the Baikal Region in the Local Voronezh Region: Prospects for the Recovery Ecosystem.” of Steppe Ornithofauna.” Mikhail Valentinovich Savva, Krasnodar, Russia Arzhana Petrovna Topchina, Tatiana Nikolaevna Vinogradova, “The Rights and Interests of Representatives Novosibirsk, Russia Moscow, Russia of the ‘New Diasporas’ in the Views of Local “Political and Social Reactions to the “A Study of Orchids in the Early Stages of Communities (The Case of Krasnodar Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples Their Development in Wild Habitats in Region).” of the Altai Republic.” Relation to Their Conservation.”

Elena Alekseevna Shumilova, Kazan, Russia Olga Dmitrievna Tsepilova, Irina Ivanovna Volkova, Tomsk, Russia “Religion and the Discourse of Nationalism St. Petersburg, Russia “Altai Mountain Bogs and Their Role in the and Tolerance in the Russian-Language “Nuclear Cities in Russia: Prospects of Sustainable Development of the Region.” Internet” (over 18 months). Lowering Environmental Risks (The Case of Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Region).” Vitalii Anatolievich Zaitsev, Iaroslavl, Russia Mikhail Mikhailovich Sokolov, “Methods for the Conservation of the St. Petersburg, Russia Irina Shotaevna Tskhovrebashvili, Far Eastern Musk Deer Under New Economic “Reasons for the Spread of the New Right Tbilisi, Georgia and Ecological Conditions.” Ideology Among Young Intellectuals in “Research into the Problem of Domestic Contemporary Russia.” Violence Against Women in Georgia.”

RESEARCH AND WRITING COMPETITION

The Foundation awarded ,, in support of research and writing projects that explore the development of improved understanding of key topics in global security and sustainability, and that broaden and strengthen the community of scholars engaged in work on these issues. Grants were awarded in 2004 on the topics of migration and refugees, and technological change and global security and sustainability.

Rebecca Neaera Abers, Brasilia, Brazil and Avner Cohen, Silver Spring, Maryland Elizabeth Grossman, Portland, Oregon Johns Hopkins University, Department of “Israel’s Last Taboo: Nuclear Opacity, “High Tech Trash: The Environmental Impacts Political Science, Baltimore, Maryland Democratic Governance and the of High Technology.” “The Politics of Stakeholder Governance: Non-Proliferation Regime.” Political Sustainability and Watershed Sushma Joshi, Kathmandu, Nepal Committees in Brazil.” Alessandra di Maio, Palermo, Italy “Cheli-Beti: Discourses of Trafficking “The Narration of Immigration in and Constructions of Gender, Citizenship, Wale Obadare Ebenezer Adebanwi, Contemporary Italy: Migrants, Refugees and and Nation in Modern Nepal.” Cambridge, United Kingdom Asylum Seekers in Legal and Literary Texts.” “Between the State and ‘Western Union’: Rey Koslowski, Princeton, New Jersey Migration, Transnational Resource Flow and William J. Drake, Onex, Switzerland “International Migration and Border Control the Paradoxes of Citizenship in Nigeria.” “The Transformation of the Global in the Information Age: European, Transatlantic Communications Order.” and Global Dimensions.” Mikhail A. Alexseev and Sergey V. Golunov, San Diego, California George Washington University, Gretchen Kuhner-Quiroz and “The Number Game: Sources of Public Washington, D.C. Gabriela Diaz Prieto, Coyoacán, Mexico Support for Anti-Migrant Exclusionism in “Trans-Generational Displacement and “Globalization, International Security and Post-Soviet Russia.” Its Socio-Demographic Consequences: Human Security: Experiences of Women Urbanization and Post-Conflict Displacement Migrants Detained in Mexico.” in War-Torn Angola.”

Research and Writing Competition  Gallya Lahav, East Setauket, New York Robert Nelson, Princeton, New Jersey Tufts University, Feinstein International “The Privatization and Devolution of “New Nuclear Weapons and the Future of the Famine Center, Medford, Massachusetts Immigration Control in Liberal Democracies: Nuclear Testing Moratorium.” “Forced Migration and the New African Non-State Actors, Security, and Civil Liberties.” City: Transnational Livelihoods and Politics in Klaus Neumann, Victoria, Australia Maputo and Dar Es Salaam.” Abrahm Lustgarten, Brooklyn, New York “Local Public Policy Responses to Migrants, “The Impact of Trans-Regional Railway Refugees and Asylum Seekers in a Global Tulane University Health Sciences Development on Ethnic Migration and Context: An Australian Case Study.” Center, New Orleans, Louisiana Cultural Sovereignty in Tibet.” “Crops, Cellphones and T-Cells: J. O. Oucho and N. O. Ama, Technology Change for Livelihood Security Anna Maciejko, Brwinow, Poland and Gaborone, Botswana in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Zuzanna Olszewska, Oxford, United Kingdom “The Impact of Migration Policy on the “Flight from Atrocity: Social, Legal and Reproductive Health of Migrants and University of Colorado at Boulder, Political Dimensions of the Influx of Chechen Refugees: A Case Study of Botswana.” Boulder, Colorado Refugees into Central Europe.” “Alternative Consequences of Migration Queen’s University Belfast, Research and for Land Use and Conservation in Northern Joseph Masco, Chicago, Illinois Regional Services, Belfast, United Kingdom Tanzania.” “The Nuclear Public Sphere: An Anthropology “Preventing the Malign Misuse of st Century of U.S. Technology and Discourse.” Chemistry: How to Strengthen the Prohibitory University of Colorado at Boulder, Norm Against Chemical Weapons?” Boulder, Colorado Tara J. Melish, Washington, D.C. “Contesting State Development: Migration, “Ensuring Economic, Social and Cultural David Spener, San Antonio, Texas Markets and the Transformation of Tibetan Rights in Resource-Limited, Technologically “Migrant-Smuggling on the Tex-Mex Border: Landscapes and Livelihoods.” Changing Contexts: A Juridical Framework Slave Trade or New Underground Railroad.” for Establishing State Violations of International Treaty Obligations.” Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York “Stateless by Geographical Design: The Shifting Relationships between Migrants, Refugees and States.”

Summary of Grants Authorized 2004 international peace and security $ 9,960,000 conservation and sustainable development 13,890,000 population and reproductive health 13,801,500 human rights and international justice 14,559,000 universities and scholarly infrastructure in the russian federation and nigeria 15,330,300 research and writing competition 1,989,000

total $69,529,800

 Program on Global Security and Sustainability Program on Human and Grantmaking Activities Community Development Samuel Mockbee*

MacArthur Fellow, Samuel Mockbee was an architect who and his students constructed striking homes 2000 erased the boundary between experi- and community centers that bring the ben- mental design and social consciousness. In efits of inspired design to the residents of Goat House, 1998 1993, he co-founded Auburn University’s Alabama’s most remote counties. One such Rural Studio, a program that combines the residence, the Goat House, takes its name *deceased 2001 teaching of architecture with a commitment from the animals that lived there when it to public service. Using readily available — was a concrete block shed. often salvaged or recycled — materials, he

Continued from page 22 Rebecca Nelson • Elinor Ochs • Ishmael Reed • Benjamin D. Santer • Karl Sims • Dorothy Thomas • Leonard Zesking • Mary Zimmerman • 1997 • Luis Alfaro • Lee Breur • Vija Celmins • Eric Charnov • Elouise Cobell • Peter Galison • Mark Harrington • Eva Harris • Michael Kremer • Russel Lande • Kerry Marshall • Nancy Moran • Han Ong • Kathleen Ross • Pamela Samuelson • Susan Stewart • Elizabeth Streb • Trimpin • Louic Wacquant • Kara Walker • David Foster Wallace • Andrew Wiles • Brackette Williams • 1996 • James Angel • Joaquin Avila • Allan Bérubé • Barbara Block • Joan Connely • Thomas Daniel • Martin Eakes • Rebecca Goldstein • Robert Greenstein • Richard Howard • John Jesurun • Richard Lenski • Louis Massiah • Vonnie McLoyd • Thylias Moss • Eiko Otake & Koma Otake • Nathan Sieberge • Anna D. Smith • Dorothy Stoneman • William E. Strickland • 1995 • Allison Anders • Jed Buchwald • Octavia Butler • Sandra Cisneros • Sandy Close • Frederick Cuny • Sharon Emerson • Richard Foreman • Alma Guillermoprieto • Virginia Hamilton • Donald Hopkins • Susan Kieffer • Elizabeth LeCompte • Patricia Limerick • Michael Marletta • Pamela Matson • Susan McClary • Meredith Monk • Rosalin Petchesky • Joel Rogers • Cindy Sherman • Bryan Stevenson • Nicholas Strausfeld • Richard White • 1994 • Robert Adams • Jeraldyne Blunden • Anthony Braxton • Roger Brubaker • Ornette Coleman • Israel Gelfand • Faye Ginsburg • Heidi Hartmann • Bill T. Jones • Peter Kenmore • Joseph E. Marshall • Carolyn McKecuen • Donella Meadows • Arthur Mitchell • Hugo Morales • Janine Pease-Pretty on Top • Willie Reale • Adrienne Rich • Sam-Ang Sam • Jack Wisdom • 1993 • Nancy D. Cartwright • Demetrios Christodoulo • Maria Crawford • Stanley Crouch • Nora England • Paul Farmer • Victoria Foe • Ernest Gaines • Pedro Greer • Thom Gunn • Ann Hamilton • Sokoni Karanja • Ann Lauterbach • Stephen Lee • Carol Levine • Amor Lovins • Jane Lubchenco • Ruth Lubic • Jim Powell • Margie Profet • Thomas Scanlon • Aaron Shirley • William Siemering • Ellen Silbergeld • Leonard van der Kuijp • Frank von Hippel • John Wideman • Heather Williams • Marion Williams • Robert H. Williams • Henry T. Wright • 1992 • Janet Benshoof • Robert Blackburn • Unita Blackwell • Lorna Bourg • Stanley Cavell • Amy Clampitt • Ingrid Daubechies • Wendy Ewald • Irving Feldman • Barbara Fields • Robert Hall • Ann Hanson • John Holland • Wes Jackson • Evelyn Keller • Steve Lacy • Suzanne Lebsock • Sharon Long • Norman Manea • Paule Marshall • Michael Massing • Robert McCabe • Susan Meiselas • Amalia Mesa-Bains • Stephen Schneider • Joanna Scott • John T. Scott • John Terborgh • Twyla Tharp • Philip Treisman • Laurel Ulrich • Geerat Vermeij • Gunter Wagner • 1991 • Jacqueline Barton • Paul Berman • James Blinn • Taylor Branch • Trisha Brown • Mari Jo Buhle • Patricia Churchland • David Donoho • Steven Feld • Alice Fulton • Guillermo Gómez-Peña • (MacArthur Fellows by class, 1981 to 2004) continued on page 54 P R OG RA M ON H U M A N AN D CO M MU NI T Y D E V E LO P ME N T

The Foundation is committed to the development of successful individuals and strong communities. These interdependent goals envision individuals who enjoy mental and physical health, realize their creative and productive potential, and add value to their communities. In turn, strong communities, within and beyond their boundaries, contain webs of personal and institutional relationships that encourage individual growth, provide economic opportunity, and encourage participation in civic life.

The premise of the Program on COMMUNITY CHANGE STABLE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING Human and Community Development The Foundation supports efforts to is that demonstrable improvement in strengthen communities for the benefit The Foundation supports three efforts the human condition requires systemic of individuals and families and for the to improve access to stable and afford- and sustainable change. The Foundation positive contribution that such com- able housing. The first is public housing has selected a set of issues on which munities make to their cities and regions. transformation in Chicago. The sec- to focus its grantmaking strategies. Its primary focus is comprehensive ond is preservation of affordable rental These include strengthening commu- revitalization of  Chicago neighbor- housing across the country, through nities and enhancing the competitiveness hoods through a partnership with the the “Window of Opportunity,” a of regions, improving teaching and Chicago ofﬁce of the Local Initiatives  million grant and program-related learning, increasing access to stable and Support Corporation (lisc). The investment initiative designed to facili- affordable housing, improving juvenile Foundation also awards grants to a small tate new ownership and preservation of justice, and advancing policies that pro- number of organizations to work across affordable rental housing; to call atten- mote mental health. communities on issues such as financial tion to the importance of rental housing; In addition to its grantmaking, the literacy, public safety, employment, and and to stimulate new policies that pre- Foundation provides low-cost loans home ownership; for documentation, serve and expand the nation’s stock of and other financial tools through evaluation, and communications; and for affordable rental units. The third entails program-related investments (see page 44). research on community dynamics. selected projects and research related to As an essential element of strength- The Foundation also supports housing policy. Grantmaking reflects the ening communities and expanding community development on a national Foundation’s view that a stock of afford- opportunities for all, the Foundation scale through its investment and involve- able housing is essential to a vibrant is concerned about people who are ment in Living Cities: The National and competitive city, and to successful in trouble, in need, or face obstacles that Community Development Initiative, human development. impede their full participation in society. which channels funds from financial and Evidence increasingly shows that effec- philanthropic organizations and agencies tive efforts on behalf of such individuals of the federal government to support benefit society as a whole. community development efforts in  U.S. cities. Living Cities also focuses on issues related to national urban policy.

Program on Human and Community Development  REGIONAL POLICY AND PRACTICE MENTAL HEALTH TEACHING AND LEARNING Research and practical experience Psychological well-being is crucial to Grantmaking in education seeks to indicate that the interests of cities and successful human development because help improve student learning through their regions are increasingly interde- of its strong influence on an individual’s better instruction and by disseminating pendent, and that regional solutions work and family life and on functioning useful information about school and are now required for what were once in the community. Despite an increas- system practices. Current efforts focus on considered “local” problems. The ing understanding of the fundamental improving schools in Chicago neighbor- Foundation’s grantmaking is intended, importance of mental health, policy- hoods where other Foundation-funded through support for research and makers and the general public do not community revitalization efforts are practice, to build the impetus and yet see the prevention and treatment under way. Other grantmaking supports capacity for regional decision making of mental illness as mainstream public new work designed to explore how and in metropolitan Chicago and in South health issues. The Foundation focuses on to what effect young people use digital Florida, and to foster the application of improving access to high-quality, effec- media — mobile phones, video games, research about economic competition tive mental health services by helping computers, and other devices — and and social, economic, demographic, to move the most promising advances in the possible implications for improving and technological challenges to such research to policy and practice. Current learning and education. decision making across the country. efforts include support for three interdisciplinary research networks exploring mental health policy, mandated commu- POLICY RESEARCH JU V E N I L E J U S T I C E nity treatment of the mentally ill, and Grantmaking supports public policy children’s mental health services. The way in which young people are organizations that provide a bridge treated in the criminal justice system between policymakers and researchers is often at odds with research findings whose insights and findings may not HUMAN DEVELOPMENT about how and when humans develop be presented in readily accessible ways. mature moral, psychological, and cogni- To advance understanding of selected Grants also fund activities specifically tive capacities. The Foundation supports aspects of human development, the intended to shift the perception of cities research, model programs, policy analy- Foundation supports interdisciplinary as places of disadvantage and decline to sis, and public education that promote research addressing complex social be seen instead as sources of untapped a more effective juvenile justice system. problems. The research findings that human, physical, and economic assets. A new effort is under way to acceler- emerge are intended to help improve ate systemwide change in Pennsylvania, policy and practice in a wide range of For additional information about MacArthur Illinois, and a third state to be selected, fields and institutions. To do this work, programs and grantmaking guidelines, see the with the hope that the results will serve the Foundation supports networks of Foundation’s Web site, www.macfound.org. as models for successful reform in the scholars and practitioners. Current juvenile justice systems in other states. efforts include the Research Network on Transitions to Adulthood and the Research Network on Socioeconomic Status and Health.

PROGRAM-RELATED INVESTMENTS Since  the Foundation has that are underserved, economically awarded more than  million in pris disadvantaged, or distressed. Across the In addition to its grantmaking, the to more than  nonprofit and for-profit United States there are more than  Foundation makes program-related organizations in the U.S. and abroad. cdfis that collectively provided, in  investments (pris), which are low-cost Currently, most of the Foundation’s alone, more than  billion in loans, loans and equity investments provided pris are used for two purposes investments, and financial services. at below-market rates to support within the Program on Human and s extend the reach < charitable activity. pri Community Development. To support “Window of Opportunity,” of traditional philanthropy by helping a  million grant and pri initiative recipients attract additional capital from < To support specialized intermediaries designed to help preserve affordable public and private financing sources. known as Community Development rental housing across the country. Financial Institutions (cdfis). These organizations provide financial services and products to people and communities

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation P R OG RA M ON H U M A N A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E V E LO P M E N T Grants Authorized 

COMMUNITY CHANGE Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, Chicago, Illinois , in support of the application of innovative tech- PRACTICE nology to neighborhood-level data collection in Chicago. www.nipc.org Community Catalyst, Boston, Massachusetts ,, for the development and expansion throughout metropolitan Chicago of RealBenefits, an Internet- RESEARCH, DOCUMENTATION, AND based eligibility screening software that helps increase COMMUNICATION individual and family access to income support programs (over two years). www.communitycatalyst.org Center for Economic Progress, Chicago, Illinois , in support of a project related to the Earned Enterprise Foundation, Columbia, Maryland Income Tax Credit in the four “Living Cities” pilot cities ,, program-related investment in support of (over six months). www.centerforprogress.org Living Cities: The National Community Development Initiative, a program to find financing for affordable Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of housing and community development projects in Government, Cambridge, Massachusetts  cities (over  years). www.enterprisefoundation.org , for an inquiry on the evaluation of community interventions (over six months). www.ksg.harvard.edu Living Cities: National Community Development Initiative, New York, New York Metro Chicago Information Center, Chicago, Illinois ,, in support of community development , to assemble data on specific change indicators projects in  cities, analysis of urban markets, and public in Chicago neighborhoods and on Chicago’s stock of policy initiatives to strengthen cities and regions affordable rental housing (over six months). www.mcic.org (over three years). www.livingcities.org Metro Chicago Information Center, Chicago, Illinois Local Initiatives Support Corporation, Chicago, Illinois , in support of indicator tracking and data ,, in support of comprehensive community analyses of Chicago neighborhoods (over two years). revitalization in  neighborhoods in Chicago www.mcic.org (over three years). www.lisc.org

Community Change  STABLE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING

HOUSING PRESERVATION Business and Professional People for the Public Interest, Chicago, Illinois City Research, Boston, Massachusetts , in support of monitoring, technical assistance, , for research on the dynamics of the U.S. rental and advocacy to ensure successful mixed-income devel- housing stock (over two years). www.cityresearch.com opments under the Plan for Transformation of public housing in Chicago (over three years). www.bpichicago.org Corporation for Enterprise Development, Washington, D.C. , in support of collaborative housing preservation Chicago Community Foundation, Chicago, Illinois research, practice, and policy (over  months). ,, in support of the Partnership for New www.cfed.org Communities (over two years).

Housing Assistance Council, Washington, D.C. Community Builders, Boston, Massachusetts , in support of policy work, technical assistance, , to support the design and launch of post- and research to preserve rural rental housing occupancy services for Oakwood Shores, a new (over two years). www.ruralhome.org mixed-income development in Chicago. www.communitybuilders.org Housing Partnership Network, Boston, Massachusetts , in support of research on large nonprofit Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois housing organizations and to assess the feasibility , in support of post-occupancy services and of a permanent system for electronic data collection. community building strategies for Lake Park Crescent, www.housingpartnership.net a new mixed-income development in Chicago, in collaboration with the Abraham Lincoln Centre. National Affordable Housing Trust, Columbus, Ohio www.fieldmuseum.org ,, program-related investment to provide risk capital for preservation of affordable rental housing by Housing Choice Partners, Chicago, Illinois three national nonprofit member organizations: National , for activities to increase the use of Housing Church Residences, Retirement Housing Foundation, Choice Vouchers among landlords and low-income and Volunteers of America (over  years). www.naht.org residents. www.state.il.us/dhr/Housenet/private/hcp

New School University, Community Development Illinois Facilities Fund, Chicago, Illinois Research Center, New York, New York , in support of activities relating to community , for research on the preservation of low-income facilities development, particularly for mixed-income sites housing tax credit projects in New York City (over in Chicago. www.iff.org two years). www.newschool.edu National Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois PUBLIC HOUSING , in support of a study of relocation and resettlement among public housing residents. Abraham Lincoln Centre, Chicago, Illinois www.norc.uchicago.edu , in support of post-occupancy services and community building strategies for Lake Park Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Crescent, a new mixed-income development in Research, Evanston, Illinois Chicago, in collaboration with the Field Museum. , in support of the Gautreaux Two mobility www.abrahamlincolncentre.org counseling program, which advises public housing residents about relocation to low-poverty neighborhoods. www.northwestern.edu/ipr

 Program on Human and Community Development Project Match, Chicago, Illinois University of Chicago, School of Social Service , for a demonstration of case management ser- Administration, Chicago, Illinois vices supporting West Haven Park, a new mixed-income , for efforts to ensure that the social services development in Chicago. www.pmatch.org available to public housing families match their needs. www.ssa.uchicago.edu Stateway Community Partners, Chicago, Illinois , to launch a case management and service coordination program designed to support a new HOUSING POLICY mixed-income development in Chicago. Congress for the New Urbanism, Chicago, Illinois , to organize a housing policy summit focusing on the development of market-tested urban design. www.cnu.org

REGIONAL POLICY AND PRACTICE

RESEARCH PRACTICE

Brookings Institution, Metropolitan Policy Program, Chicago Washington, D.C. ,, for an initiative on the economic transfor- Chicago Metropolis 2020, Chicago, Illinois mation in American cities and metropolitan areas , to develop a technology platform for a regional (over three years). www.brookings.edu/metro learning game. www.chicagometropolis.org

Metropolitan Area Research Corporation, Chicago Metropolis 2020, Chicago, Illinois Minneapolis, Minnesota , in support of general operations (over three , to create a Web tool for mapping data from years). www.chicagometropolis.org the book The Struggle to Grow Equitably: Sprawl, Taxes and Race in America’s Regions. www.metroresearch.org Metropolitan Alliance of Congregations, Chicago, Illinois , in support of the collaborative project Religion University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Urban and the Metropolitan Challenge: Religious Communities and Regional Development, Berkeley, California and Regional Sustainability in Metropolitan Chicago , in support of the first phase of the (over two years). Successful Regions research project (over  months). www-iurd.ced.berkeley.edu Metropolitan Planning Council, Chicago, Illinois , in support of the Regional Action Agenda University of California, Berkeley, Institute of (over three years). www.metroplanning.org Industrial Relations, Berkeley, California , for a study to identify gaps in the literature Openlands Project, Chicago, Illinois about regional policy design and implementation. , in support of research and analysis on regional www.iir.berkeley.edu strategies for governing public open space in the Chicago region (over two years). www.openlands.org

Protestants for the Common Good, Chicago, Illinois , in support of the collaborative project Religion and the Metropolitan Challenge: Religious Communities and Regional Sustainability in Metropolitan Chicago (over two years). www.thecommongood.org

Regional Policy and Practice  South Florida Regional Business Alliance, Fort Lauderdale, Florida , in support of general operations Florida Atlantic University Foundation, (over three years). Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions, Fort Lauderdale, Florida South Florida Regional Resource Center, , to adapt a regional learning game for use in Boca Raton, Florida southeast Florida. www.cuesfau.org , to initiate activities across the public, private, and civic sectors that will move regional leadership InternetCoast Economic Development Advisory toward more coordinated planning (over three years). Council, West Palm Beach, Florida www.sfrrc.net , in support of general operations (over four years). www.internetcoast.org

JUVENILE JUSTICE

Chicago Area Project, Chicago, Illinois Education Law Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , in support of community-based alternative , to provide training and technical assistance on sanctions for youth in contact with the juvenile justice aftercare to juvenile probation officers in Pennsylvania system (over two years). www.chicagoareaproject.org (over three years). www.edlawcenter.org

Coalition for Juvenile Justice, Washington, D.C. Justice Policy Institute, Washington, D.C. , in support of a research report on the transfer , in support of policy advocacy and commu- of youth to adult criminal court and its effects on nications planning to promote juvenile justice reform community safety and the lives of young offenders in targeted states (over two years). www.justicepolicy.org and their families. www.juvjustice.org Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Coalition for Juvenile Justice, Washington, D.C. , to provide technical assistance and training , to sponsor the National Network of State to judges and probation officers in model aftercare Juvenile Justice Collaborations and to promote a approaches (over three years). www.jcjc.state.pa.us Nationwide Partnership for State Juvenile Justice Reform (over two years). www.juvjustice.org Juvenile Justice Initiative, Evanston, Illinois , in support of efforts to improve the juvenile Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators, justice system of Illinois (over three years). www.jjustice.org Braintree, Massachusetts , in support of project management in three Juvenile Law Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania pilot counties in Pennsylvania to deliver mental health , in support of technical assistance to three services to youth involved in the juvenile justice system pilot counties in Pennsylvania to plan and implement (over three years). www.cjca.net comprehensive model approaches to aftercare (over three years). www.jlc.org Defender Association of Philadelphia, Northeast Juvenile Defender Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Loyola University of Chicago, Child and Family , in support of training and technical assistance Law Center, Chicago, Illinois on effective representation and aftercare advocacy in , for activities to develop and implement a Pennsylvania (over three years). www.phila.gov/defender plan to improve the juvenile justice system in Illinois (over two years). www.luc.edu/law/academics/special/center/child_family.shtml

 Program on Human and Community Development Mental Health Association of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Department of Human Services, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , in support of the Pennsylvania Collaboration , in support of the Reintegration Reform for Youth (over three years). www.mhapa.org Initiative (over three years). www.phila.gov/dhs

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, Philadelphia Family Court, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Reno, Nevada , in support of the development and implemen- ,, in support of the National Center for tation of improved aftercare services and supervision Juvenile Justice, which works for juvenile justice system (over three years). reform in targeted states (over four years). www.ncjfcj.org University of Texas, University of Texas Press, Northwestern University School of Law, Chicago, Illinois Austin, Texas , in support of the Cook County Juvenile , in support of a book of photographs docu- Court Clinic and its evaluation (over two years). menting children in detention. www.utexas.edu/utpress www.law.northwestern.edu Youth Law Center, Washington, D.C. Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, , to assist Pennsylvania counties in becoming Harrisburg, Pennsylvania models for the collection and use of data on the , to develop accredited professional certificate overrepresentation of minority youth in the juvenile programs for state employees in juvenile justice facilities justice system and disparities in their treatment (over three years). www.dpw.state.pa.us (over three years). www.ylc.org

MENTAL HEALTH

Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, Washington, D.C. George Washington University, Washington, D.C. ,, in support of general operations , in support of the National Health Policy (over three years). www.bazelon.org Forum (over three years). www.gwu.edu

Campaign for Mental Health Reform, Alexandria, Virginia Grantmakers in Health, Washington, D.C. , in support of general operations , in support of mental health-related activities (over two years). www.mhreform.org (over three years). www.gih.org

Columbia University School of Public Health, National University of California, Los Angeles, Neuropsychiatric Center for Children in Poverty, New York, New York Institute Health Services Research Center, , for a research project on federal and state Los Angeles, California policies governing children’s mental health services. , for research on disparities in the performance www.nccp.org of the U.S. mental health care system and their effects on the well-being of racial and ethnic minorities with Dartmouth Medical School, Department of Community mental illness (over three years). www.npi.ucla.edu and Family Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire , in support of the Initiative on Depression and Primary Care (over two years). dms.dartmouth.edu/cfm

Mental Health  TEACHING AND LEARNING

THE LEARNING PARTNERSHIP EDUCATION IN CHICAGO

Brown University, Annenberg Institute for School University of Chicago, Center for Urban School Reform, Providence, Rhode Island Improvement, Chicago, Illinois , to develop and implement a communications ,, in support of efforts to improve quality of plan for The Learning Partnership (over two years). education in the Chicago public schools (over two years). www.annenberginstitute.org usi.uchicago.edu

Stanford University, Center for Research on the University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Education, Context of Teaching, Stanford, California Chicago, Illinois , in support of the Advisory Board of , to develop a technology plan supporting The Learning Partnership (over two years). the revitalization of public schools in the Mid-South www.stanford.edu/group/CRC area of Chicago. www.uic.edu/educ

DIGITAL MEDIA AND LEARNING

Exploratorium, San Francisco, California , in support of research and analysis to explore digital media and learning among youth. www.exploratorium.edu

POLICY RESEARCH

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Coalition of Community Development Financial Institutions, Arlington, Virginia National Council of La Raza, Washington, D.C. , in support of general operations , in support of the Policy Analysis Center (over three years). www.cdfi.org (over three years). www.nclr.org Coastal Enterprises, Wiscasset, Maine National Partnership for Women and Families, , in support of the cei Development Initiative. Washington, D.C. www.ceimaine.org , in support of general operations (over two years). www.nationalpartnership.org Community Development Venture Capital Alliance, New York, New York National Women’s Law Center, Washington, D.C. , in support of general operations , in support of general operations (over three years). www.cdvca.org (over two years). www.nwlc.org Community Reinvestment Fund, Minneapolis, Minnesota , for the development of a large-scale vehicle URBAN POLICY to attract investment capital for community and economic development. www.crfusa.com cdfi Data Project, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , to collect and analyze fy  data on indicators relevant to the community development financial institutions industry. www.cdfi.org

 Program on Human and Community Development National Community Capital Association, Brookings Institution, Economic Studies Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Washington, D.C. , in support of general operations , in support of the project Making the (over three years). www.communitycapital.org Tax System Work for Low- and Moderate-Income Families and Workers. www.brookings.edu National Community Investment Fund, Chicago, Illinois , in support of general operations Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law, (over  months). www.ncif.org Chicago, Illinois , in support of policy development and advocacy Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, in economic security and work supports on behalf of Chicago, Illinois low-income people in Illinois. www.povertylaw.org , to pilot a virtual network for sharing housing and community development data (over two years). www.nipc.cog.il.us HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

The Reinvestment Fund, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts , in support of a yearlong strategic planning , in support of the National Scientific initiative. www.trfund.com Council on the Developing Child (over three years). www.brandeis.edu University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan , in support of the project Financial Services for University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois the Poor: The Detroit Area Study. www.umich.edu , in support of volumes in the MacArthur Series on Mental Health and Human Development (over four years). www.press.uchicago.edu PROGRAM-RELATED RESEARCH University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Brookings Institution, Metropolitan Policy Program, , in support of the Research Network on Washington, D.C. Transitions to Adulthood and Public Policy. , in support of research on transportation policy www.upenn.edu and reform. www.brookings.edu University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,, in support of the Research Network on Transitions to Adulthood and Public Policy (over four years). www.upenn.edu

FLORIDA CIVIC GRANTS

Community Foundation for Palm Beach and Human Services Coalition of Dade County, Miami, Florida Martin Counties, West Palm Beach, Florida , in support of the Greater Miami Prosperity ,, to endow the MacArthur Fund Campaign (over two years). www.hscdade.org (over six years). www.cfpbmc.org Lake Worth West Resident Planning Group, Lake Worth, Florida , in support of general operations.

Florida Civic Grants  OTHER GRANTS

Center for the Advancement of Health, Washington, D.C. National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, , in support of general operations Washington, D.C. (over two years). www.cfah.org , in support of the Media Program. www.teenpregnancy.org Grantmakers for Children, Youth and Families, Washington, D.C. Neighborhood Funders Group, Washington, D.C. , in support of general operations , in support of the Program Related Investment (over three years). www.gcyf.org Makers Network (over  months). www.nfg.org

Lakefront Supportive Housing, Chicago, Illinois Project Pericles, New York, New York , in support of financial and strategic planning. , in support of the production of a project manual. www.lakefront.org www.projectpericles.org

Misericordia Heart of Mercy, Chicago, Illinois University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota , to purchase or expand a residence in the , to establish the Institute of Child Development Community Integrated Living Arrangements program. in Romania (over three years). www.umn.edu www.misericordia.com Voices for Illinois Children, Chicago, Illinois , in support of A+ Illinois, a coalition to reform education funding. www.voiceskids.org

Summary of Grants and Program-Related Investments Authorized 2004

community change $14,133,000 stable and affordable housing 6,719,500 regional policy and practice 5,685,000 juvenile justice 5,286,000 mental health 3,715,000 teaching and learning 2,870,000 policy research 9,773,000 florida civic grants* 20,025,000 other grants 2,430,000

total $70,636,500

* In November 2004, the Foundation made a one-time grant of $20 million to be paid over a seven-year period to the Community Foundation for Palm Beach and Martin counties that will endow a fund for future grants to community-based organizations in that region.

 Program on Human and Community Development Grantmaking Activities General Program David Isay

MacArthur Fellow, David Isay is an independent radio The project began in a soundproof record- 2000 producer whose first-person storytelling ing booth in Grand Central Station and will combines impeccable craftsmanship and expand to ten booths around the country, StoryCorps– a strong social conscience. In 2003, he including one at the site of the World Trade Grand Central Station launched StoryCorps, the world’s largest Center. Anyone can select someone to oral history project, through his nonprofit interview — relative, friend, acquaintance, Sound Portraits Productions. Through or stranger — and, with technical help, pro- StoryCorps, Isay seeks to instruct and duce a high-quality CD for themselves, for inspire hundreds of thousands of Americans broadcast, and for permanent housing in the to record one another’s stories in sound. Library of Congress.

Continued from page 42 Jerzy Grotowski • David Hammons • Sophia Harris • W. Lewis Hyde • Ali Akbar Khan • Sergiu Klainerman • Martin Kreitman • Harlan Lane • Linder William • Patricia Locke • Mark Morris • Marcel Ophuls • Arnold Rampersad • Gunther Schuller • Joel Schwartz • Cecil Taylor • Julie Taymor • David Werner • James Westphal • Eleanor Wilner • 1990 • John Bailar • Martha Clarke • Jacques D’Amboise • Guy Davenport • Lisa Delpit • John Eaton • Paul R. Ehrlich • Charlotte Erickson • Lee Friedlander • Margaret Geller • Jorie Graham • Patricia Hampl • John Hollander • Thomas Holt • David Kazhdan • Calvin King • M. A. R. Koehl • Nancy Kopell • Michael Moschen • Gary Nabhan • Sherry Ortner • Otis Pitts • Yvonne Rainer • Michael Schudson • Rebecca Scott • Marc Shell • Susan Sontag • Richard Stallman • Guy Tudor • Maria Varela • Gregory Vlastos • Kent Whealy • Eric Wolf • Sidney Wolfe • Robert Woodson • Jose Zalaquett • 1989 • Anthony Amsterdam • Byllye Avery • Alvin Bronstein • Leo Buss • Jay Cantor • George Davis • Allen Grossman • John Harbison • Keith Hefner • Ralf Hotchkiss • John Irwin • Daniel Janzen • Aaron Lansky • Jennifer Moody • Errol Morris • Vivian Paley • Richard Powers • Ellendea Proffer • Martin Puryear • Bernice Reagon • Theodre Rosengarten • George Russell • Pam Solo • Clair Van Vliet • Baldemar Velasquez • Bill Viola • Eliot Wigginton • Patricia Wright • 1988 • Charles Archambeau • Michael Baxandall • Ruth Behar • Ran Blake • Charles Burnett • Philip DeVries • Andre Dubus • Helen Edwards • Jon Else • John Fleagle • Cornell Fleischer • Getatchew Haile • Raymond Jeanloz • Marvin Kahl • Naomi Pierce • Thomas Pynchon • Stephen J. Pyne • Max Roach • Paul Roldan • Anna Roosevelt • David Rosenberg • Susan Rotroff • Bruce Schwartz • Robert Shaw • Jonathan Spence • Noel Swerdlow • Gary Tomlinson • Alan Walker • Eddie Williams • Rita Wright • Garth Youngberg • 1987 • Walter Abish • Robert Axelrod • Robert Coleman • Douglas Crase • Daniel Friedan • David Gross • Ira Herskowitz • Irving Howe • Wesley Jacobs • Peter Jeffery • Horace Judson • Stuart Kauffman • Richard Kenney • Eric Lander • Michael Malin • Deborah Meier • Arnaldo Momigliano • David Mumford • Tina Rosenberg • David Rumelhart • Robert Sapolsky • Meyer Shapiro • John Schwarz • Jon Seger • Stephen Shenker • David Shulman • Muriel Snowden • Mark Strand • May Swenson • Huynh Thông • William Julius Wilson • Richard Wrangham • 1986 • Paul Adams • Milton Babbitt • Christopher Beckwith • Richard Benson • Lester Brown • Caroline Bynum • William Christian • Nancy Farriss • Benedict Gross • Daryl Hine • John Horner • Thomas Joe • David Keightley • Albert Libchaber • David Page • George Perle • James Randi • David Rudovsky • Robert Shapley • Leo Steinberg • Richard Turco • Thomas Whiteside • Allan Wilson • Jay Wright • Charles Wuorinen • 1985 • Joan Abrahamson • John Ashbery • (MacArthur Fellows by class, 1981 to 2004) continued on page 64 GENE R A L P R OG R AM

Through the General Program, the Foundation undertakes multi-year funding initiatives in changing areas of special interest, makes grants responding to unusual opportunities that advance the broad purposes of the Foundation but do not fall within the areas addressed by its two topical programs, supports efforts to improve and diversify television and radio, and funds arts and cultural organizations in the Chicago region.

AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST MEDIA at the Richard H. Driehaus Foundation; grants to organizations with annual The General Program currently The General Program supports indepen- budgets between $500,000 and supports work in one area of special dent documentary film and video and $2 million are made through the Prince interest: intellectual property and the public radio in the United States. The Charitable Trusts. - public domain. These grants support goal is to improve the diversity of view Grants to arts and cultural organizations points and high-quality documentary new models, policy analysis, and with annual budgets above  million public education designed to bring content available in radio and television are made directly by MacArthur. These about balance between public and pri- and to use media to further the goals of grants are usually for multi-year general vate interests concerning intellectual the other Foundation programs. operating support. property rights in a digital era. The primary focus of funding is independent documentary films — usually those that address subject matter OTHER GRANTS LARGE INSTITUTIONAL GRANTS close to MacArthur’s grantmaking strategies. The Foundation generally supports Grants are occasionally awarded for Each year, the Foundation makes one or films in the production stage and often projects that support innovative two relatively large, institution-building contributes to their outreach efforts. approaches to undertaking and solving grants to organizations that have Funding for public radio is intended to important new and emerging social received support from the Foundation maintain and strengthen its program- problems. These grants support the over many years, continue to conduct production infrastructure. broad purposes of the Foundation, lie excellent work that is closely related to outside the areas addressed by the two the Foundation’s programmatic goals, major topical programs, and represent and have reached a stage of institutional ARTS AND CULTURE IN CHICAGO timely opportunities to have a significant development where such an investment impact on an important problem with a would be particularly timely. These Support for arts and cultural organi- modest investment of funds. grants are initiated by the Foundation. zations in Chicago and the region is an Unsolicited proposals are not accepted. expression of civic commitment to the place where the Foundation has its head- For additional information about MacArthur quarters and John D. and Catherine T. programs and grantmaking guidelines, see the MacArthur made their home. Grants are Foundation’s Web site, www.macfound.org. designed to help sustain the cultural life of the city and region. Arts and culture grants to organizations with annual budgets of $500,000 or less are made through a special fund

General Program  G ENE RA L P ROG RA M Grants Authorized 

AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST Council on Competitiveness, Washington, D.C. , in support of the Forum on Technology and Innovation, a project to educate policymakers and the INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND media about technology policy issues (over two years). THE PUBLIC DOMAIN www.tech-forum.org

Center for Democracy and Technology, Washington, D.C. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, , in support of a project to help establish Washington, D.C. a balanced approach to copyright protection , in support of research and educational (over three years). www.cdt.org activities on intellectual property topics (over three years). www.loc.gov/crsinfo/whatscrs.html Consumers International, London, United Kingdom , in support of the Trans Atlantic Consumer Public Knowledge, Washington, D.C. Dialogue, which seeks to bring a consumer perspective , in support of general operations to international intellectual property negotiations (over three years). www.publicknowledge.org (over two years). www.consumersinternational.org

LARGE INSTITUTIONAL GRANTS

Center for Community Self-Help, Durham, North Carolina University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji ,, in support of general operations. ,, in support of activities to strengthen www.self-help.org the Institute of Applied Sciences. www.usp.ac.fj

Federation of American Scientists Fund, Washington, D.C. ,, in support of general operations. www.fas.org

 General Program U.S. PHILANTHROPY

Through the General Program, the Foundation supports a small Grantmakers in Film and Electronic Media, number of national and regional philanthropic organizations that New York, New York constitute the infrastructure of the field. These groups organize the field , in support of educational activities related to of grantmakers and grantseekers and serve to hold philanthropy to media grantmaking (over three years). www.gfem.org the highest standards of professionalism. Also in , the Foundation made a special one-time set of grants to organizations to help promote Hispanics in Philanthropy, San Francisco, California accountability, transparency, and best practices of management in the , in support of general operations field of philanthropy and the larger nonprofit sector. (over three years). www.hiponline.org

Center for Effective Philanthropy, Cambridge, Massachusetts Independent Sector, Washington, D.C. , in support of research activities (over two years). , in support of the  Annual Conference www.effectivephilanthropy.org in Chicago. www.independentsector.org

Council on Foundations, Washington, D.C. Independent Sector, Washington, D.C. , in support of the project Building Strong and , in support of the costs of convening Ethical Foundations: Doing It Right. www.cof.org the National Panel on the Nonprofit Sector. www.independentsector.org Council on Foundations, Washington, D.C. , in support of the cost of consultants to provide National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy, strategic advice on public policy issues. www.cof.org Washington, D.C. , in support of general operations Donors Forum of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (over three years). www.ncrp.org , in support of the Preserving the Public Trust Task Force (over  months). www.donorsforum.org Philanthropic Research, Williamsburg, Virginia , in support of the planning process for the Donors Forum of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois New York State Attorney General’s Charities Bureau , in support of the Chicago Global Donors Modernization Project. www.guidestar.org Network (over three years). www.donorsforum.org Philanthropic Research, Williamsburg, Virginia Donors Forum of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois , in support of GuideStar, a free Internet service , in support of general operations providing financial and programmatic information (over three years). www.donorsforum.org on U.S. nonprofit organizations (over three years). www.guidestar.org Forum of Regional Associations of Grantmakers, Washington, D.C. , in support of an initiative to increase philanthropic effectiveness at the regional level (over two years). www.givingforum.org

MEDIA

Actual Films, San Francisco, California American Documentary, New York, New York , in support of a documentary film about , in support of Active Voice, which designs and the nation-building process underway in Afghanistan. implements community outreach campaigns for docu- www.actualfilms.net mentary films. www.pbs.org/pov/utils/aboutamerican.html

Actual Films, San Francisco, California American Documentary, New York, New York , in support of Wonders Are Many, a documentary ,, in support of P.O.V. (Point of View), a docu- film about the atomic bomb. www.actualfilms.net mentary series for public television (over three years).

Media  Center for Investigative Reporting, San Francisco, OneWorld International Foundation, California London, United Kingdom , in support of the documentary film No Place , in support of the OneWorld Network, to Hide: Stories from a Surveillance Society. www.muckraker.org including oneworld.net, tv.oneworld.net, and us.oneworld.net (over two years). oneworld.net Independent Television Service, San Francisco, California , in support of the  input (International Public Broadcasting Service, Alexandria, Virginia Public Television) conference and related activities. , for a planning process on strategies to www.itvs.org strengthen public television. www.pbs.org

Independent Television Service, San Francisco, California wgbh Educational Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts ,, in support of the International Media ,, in support of the Digital Opportunity Fund Development Fund (over two years). www.itvs.org (over three years). www.wgbh.org

Independent World Television, New York, New York wnet Channel 13, New York, New York , in support of a feasibility and planning study. , in support of the documentary film One Nation www.iwt.tv Under Law: The Story of the United States Supreme Court. www.thirteen.org Media and Policy Center Foundation, Santa Monica, California , in support of the Chicago component of the documentary film Edens Lost and Found: Restoring and Sustaining Urban Ecosystems. www.edenslostandfound.org/contact/mpcf.html

ARTS AND CULTURE IN CHICAGO

Adler Planetarium, Chicago, Illinois Chicago Shakespeare Theater, Chicago, Illinois , in support of general operations , in support of general operations (over five years). www.adlerplanetarium.org (over five years). www.chicagoshakes.com

Arts Matter, Chicago, Illinois Horizons Community Services, Center on Halsted, , in support of general operations Chicago, Illinois (over five years). , in support of a new performing arts facility (over two years). www.horizonsonline.org Chicago Architecture Foundation, Chicago, Illinois , in support of general operations Hyde Park Art Center, Chicago, Illinois (over three years). www.architecture.org , to plan and implement an earned income strategy for a new facility. www.hydeparkart.org Chicago Children’s Choir, Chicago, Illinois , in support of general operations Joffrey Ballet of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (over five years). www.ccchoir.org , in support of general operations (over five years). www.joffrey.com Chicago Humanities Festival, Chicago, Illinois , in support of general operations League of Chicago Theatres, Chicago, Illinois (over five years). www.chfestival.org , in support of general operations (over five years) and for ChicagoPlays, the league’s theater program Chicago Humanities Festival, Chicago, Illinois magazine. www.chicagoplays.com , in support of international programming (over two years). www.chfestival.org Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois , in support of general operations (over Chicago Opera Theater, Chicago, Illinois five years) and a capital campaign. www.mortonarb.org , in support of general operations (over five years). www.chicagooperatheater.org

 General Program Northlight Theatre, Skokie, Illinois University of Chicago, David and Alfred Smart , in support of general operations Museum of Art, Chicago, Illinois (over three years). www.northlight.org , in support of general operations (over five years). smartmuseum.uchicago.edu Ravinia Festival, Highland Park, Illinois , in support of general operations Urban Gateways, Chicago, Illinois (over five years). www.ravinia.org , in support of general operations (over five years). www.urbangateways.org Richard H. Driehaus Foundation, Chicago, Illinois , in support of the Small Theater and Victory Gardens Theater, Chicago, Illinois Dance Group Program (over four years) (see grant , in support of general operations listing, page ). (over five years). www.victorygardens.org

Sherwood Conservatory of Music, Chicago, Illinois Victory Gardens Theater, Chicago, Illinois , in support of general operations , in support of new operations (over two years). (over five years). www.sherwoodmusic.org www.victorygardens.org

THE MACARTHUR FUND FOR ARTS AND CULTURE AT PRINCE CHARITABLE TRUSTS

Through the MacArthur Fund for Arts and Culture, the Prince Charitable Trusts awarded  grants totaling , to Chicago-area mid-sized arts and cultural organizations — those with annual budgets between , and  million. The grants are primarily for general operating support. fdncenter.org/grantmaker/prince/chi_macfund.html About Face Theater $30,000 Hyde Park Art Center $25,000 Apple Tree Theatre $20,000 Illinois Arts Alliance Foundation $20,000 Arts & Business Council of Chicago $20,000 International Latino Cultural Center of Chicago $20,000 Bailiwick Repertory $20,000 The Joan W. and Irving B. Harris Theater Black Ensemble Theater $20,000 for Music and Dance $25,000 The Center for International Performance Lifeline Productions, Inc. $25,000 and Exhibition (HotHouse) $25,000 Little Black Pearl Workshop $20,000 Chicago Chamber Musicians $25,000 Marwen $20,000 The Chicago Classical Recording Foundation $5,000 Muntu Dance Theatre of Chicago $35,000 Chicago Jazz Ensemble $20,000 Music of the Baroque $30,000 Chicago Public Art Group $20,000 Redmoon Theater $20,000 Chicago Sinfonietta $20,000 The Renaissance Society at Chicago Youth Symphony Orchestra $25,000 the University of Chicago $20,000 Child’s Play Touring Theatre $20,000 River North Chicago Dance Company $25,000 The Dance Center of Columbia College $30,000 sct Productions $20,000 eta Creative Arts Foundation, Inc. $20,000 Street-Level Youth Media $20,000 Gene Siskel Film Center of the School of Writers’ Theatre $20,000 the Art Institute of Chicago $30,000

Arts and Culture in Chicago  THE MACARTHUR FUND FOR ARTS AND CULTURE AT THE RICHARD H. DRIEHAUS FOUNDATION

Through the MacArthur Fund for Arts and Culture, the Richard H. Driehaus Foundation awarded  grants totaling , to Chicago-area arts and cultural organizations with annual budgets of , or less. The grants are primarily for general operating support. www.macfound.org/programs/gen/driehaus.htm Albany Park Theater Project $12,500 Glen Ellyn Children’s Chorus $10,000 Anchor Graphics $20,000 Guild Complex $10,000 Apollo Chorus of Chicago $5,000 Hedwig Dances $12,500 Archeworks $15,000 The House Theatre $7,500 Beacon Street Gallery and Performance Co. $10,000 Illinois Storytelling $2,500 Bronzeville Children’s Museum $5,000 Innocent Eyes and Lenses $7,500 Chicago a cappella $5,000 International Center for Deafness $5,000 Chicago Artists’ Coalition $7,500 International Contemporary Ensemble $5,000 Chicago Ballet Russe Foundation $5,000 International Music Foundation $12,500 Chicago Blues Museum $7,500 Intuit: The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art $12,500 Chicago Brass Band Association $5,000 Jazz Institute of Chicago $12,500 Chicago Dance & Music Alliance $5,000 Jump Rhythm Jazz Project $5,000 Chicago Dramatists $10,000 L’Opera Piccola $5,000 Chicago Filmmakers $7,500 Lampo $7,500 Chicago Human Rhythm Project $7,500 Live Bait Theatre Co. $5,000 Chicago Moving Company $10,000 Luna Negra Dance Theater $10,000 Chicago Theatre Company $20,000 Milkwood Foundation $5,000 Circle Theater of Forest Park $7,500 Natya Dance Theatre $10,000 Evanston Historical Society $2,500 Near Northwest Wide Arts Council $5,000 Experimental Sound Studio $5,000 Neighborhood Writing Alliance $25,000 Famous Door Theatre $10,000 Next Theatre Company $10,000 Free Street Programs $7,500 Opera Theatre North $5,000 Fulcrum Point New Music Project $7,500

 General Program Orion Chamber Ensemble $5,000 Scrap Mettle soul $12,500 Pegasus Players $20,000 South Side Family Chamber Orchestra $5,000 The Poetry Center of Chicago $10,000 Stage Left $5,000 Porchlight Music Theatre $10,000 TimeLine Theater Company $12,500 Raven Theatre $7,500 Ukrainian Institute of Modern Art $5,000 Salt Creek Ballet $7,500 Young Chicago Authors $12,500

OTHER GRANTS

Center for Democracy and Technology, Washington, D.C. Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, , in support of the Security, Freedom and Washington, D.C. Technology Project. www.cdt.org , in support of general operations (over three years). www.lawyerscomm.org Children’s Memorial Foundation, Chicago, Illinois , for the implementation of the League of Women Voters Education Fund, Illinois Violent Death Reporting System. Washington, D.C. www.childrensmemorial.org , in support of the project Local Voices: Citizen Conversations on Civil Liberties and Secure Citizenship Education Fund, Chicago, Illinois Communities. www.lwv.org , in support of the One Thousand Churches Connected program (over two years). Legal Community Against Violence, San Francisco, California www.churchesconnected.org , in support of activities to reduce gun violence. www.lcav.org Climate Group, Surrey, United Kingdom , in support of activities of the Conference of National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium, the Reducers (over two years). www.theclimategroup.org Washington, D.C. , in support of a leadership role in the Rights Doctors Without Borders usa, New York, New York Working Group (over two years). www.napalc.org , in support of humanitarian aid programs, including emergency relief work in Sudan and Chad Natural Heritage Institute, Berkeley, California (over two years). www.doctorswithoutborders.org , in support of a global survey of the opportunities to restore aquatic ecosystems disturbed by dam Heritage College, Toppenish, Washington construction (over  months). www.n-h-i.org , in support of activities to recruit and retain Native American students. www.heritage.edu Nuclear Threat Initiative, Washington, D.C. , in support of efforts to inform policymakers Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Iqaluit, Canada and the public about the nuclear terrorism threat. , in support of bringing the Inuit perspective www.nti.org to discussions of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and for related activities (over two years). www.inuitcircumpolar.com

Other Grants  Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. University of Southern California, Annenberg Center , in support of workshops to develop a ten-year for Communication, Los Angeles, California biodiversity science agenda for the Institution and the , for a project to create the Institute for the wider scientific community (over two years). www.si.edu Future of the Book (over two years). www.annenberg.edu

Sound Portraits Productions, New York, New York University of Washington, Information School, , in support of StoryCorps, an oral history project. Seattle, Washington www.soundportraits.org , in support of a planning workshop for a proposed Center for Information and the Quality of Life. www.ischool.washington.edu

Summary of Grants Authorized 2004 areas of special interest $1,868,000 large institutional grants 6,500,000 u.s. philanthropy 1,291,000 media 5,543,000 arts and culture in chicago 4,340,000 other grants 3,988,000 matching gifts 2,917,924

total $26,447,924

 General Program Grantmaking Activities MacArthur Fellows Martin Puryear

MacArthur Fellow, Martin Puryear is a sculptor whose work and institutions, including the Guggenheim 1989 reflects his knowledge of the history of Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, the modern sculpture and of non-Western 1979 and 1981 Whitney Museum Biennials, Bower, 1980 traditions of craft. His sculpture combines and the 1989 Sao Paulo Bienal. Bower — organic and geometric abstractions, on a latticework of spruce and pine — reflects both intricate and large scales. His work the synthesis of form and content for which has been exhibited at numerous museums Puryear is internationally known.

Continued from page 54 John Benton • Harold Bloom • Valery Chalidze • William Cronon • Merce Cunningham • Jared Diamond • Marian Edelman • Morton Halperin • Robert Hayes • Edwin Hutchins • Sam Maloof • Andrew McGuire • Patrick Noonan • George Oster • Thomas Palaima • Peter Raven • Jane Richardson • Gregory Schopen • Franklin Stahl • J. Richard Stahl • Ellen Steward • Paul Taylor • Shing-Tung Yau • 1984 • (March) • George Archibald • Ernesto Cortes • Robert Hass • J. Bryan Hass • Robert Irwin • Ruth Prawer Jhabvala • Paul Oskar Kristeller • Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot • Heather Lechtman • Michael Lerner • Andrew Lewis • Arnold Mandell • Matthew Meselson • David Nelson • Michael Piore • Judith Shklar • Carles Simic • David Stuart • John Toews • James Turrell • Jay Weiss • Carl Woese • (November) • Shelly Bernstein • Peter Bickel • William Drayton • Sidney Drell • Mitchell Feigenbaum • Michael Freedman • Curtis Hames • Shirley Heath • Bette Howland • Bill Irwin • Fritz John • Galway Kinnell • Henry Kraus • Peter Mathews • Beaumont Newhall • Roger Payne • Edward Roberts • Elliot Sperling • Frank Sulloway • Alar Toomre • Amos Tversky • J. Kirk Varnedoe • Bret Wallach • Arthur Winfree • Billie Young • 1983 • (February) • R. Stephen Berry • Philip Curtin • William Durham • Bradly Efron • David Felten • Seloma Goitein • Ramón Gutiérrez • Bela Julesz • William Kennedy • Leszek Kolakowski • Brad Leithauser • Ralph Manheim • Charles Peskin • Julia Robinson • John Sayles • Peter Sellars • Adrian Wilson • Irene Winter • Mark Wrighton • (August) • Seweryn Bialer • William C. Clark • Randall Forsberg • Alexander George • Mott Greene • John Hopfield • Sylvia Law • Robert K. Merton • Walter Morris • A.K. Ramanujan • Alice Rivlin • Richard Schoen • Karen Uhlenbeck • 1982 • Fouad Ajami • Charles A. Bigelow • Peter Robert Lamont Brown • Robert Darnton • Persi Diaconis • William Gaddis • Ved Mehta • Robert Parris Moses • Richard A. Muller • Conlon Nancarrow • Alfonso Ortiz • Francesca Rochberg • Charles Sabel • Ralph Shapey • Michael Silverstein • Randolph Whitfield, Jr • Frank Wilczek • Frederick Wiseman • Edward Witten • 1981 • (June) • A. R. Ammons • Joseph Brodsky • Gregory V. Chudnovsky • Robert Coles • Shelly Errington • Henry Louis Gates, Jr. • Michael Ghiselin • Stephen Jay Gould • Ian Graham • John Imbrie • Elma Lewis • James M. McPherson • Roy P. Mottahedeh • Douglas D. Osheroff • Robert Root-Bernstein • Lawrence Rosen • Carl E. Schorske • Leslie Marmon Silko • Derek Walcott • Robert Penn Warren • Stephen Wolfram • (December) • John Cairns • Joel E. Cohen • Richard Critchfield • Howard Gardner • John Gaventa • David Hawkins • John P. Holdren • Ada Louise Huxtable • Robert W. Kates • Raphael Carl Lee • Cormac McCarthy • Barbara McClintock • Richard Mulligan • Elaine H. Pagels • David Pingree • Paul G. Richards • Richard Rorty • Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. • Michael Woodford • George Zweig • 25 years (MacArthur Fellows by class, 1981 to 2004) MACARTHUR FELLOW S P R OG R AM

The MacArthur Fellows Program awards unrestricted fellowships to talented individuals who have shown extraordinary originality and dedication in their creative pursuits and a marked capacity for self-direction. There are three criteria for selection of Fellows: exceptional creativity, promise for important future advances based on a track record of significant accomplishment, and potential for the fellowship to facilitate subsequent creative work.

The MacArthur Fellows Program engage in interdisciplinary work, or, if COMPENSATION is intended to encourage people of they wish, to change fields or alter the Each fellowship comes with a stipend outstanding talent to pursue their own direction of their careers. of $500,000 to the recipient, paid out creative, intellectual, and professional Although nominees are reviewed in equal quarterly installments over inclinations. In keeping with this pur- for their achievements, the fellowship is five years. pose, the Foundation awards fellowships not a reward for past accomplishment, directly to individuals rather than but rather an investment in a person’s through institutions. Recipients may be originality, insight, and potential. ELIGIBILITY writers, scientists, artists, social scientists, Indeed, the purpose of the MacArthur humanists, teachers, activists, or workers Fellows Program is to enable recipients There are no restrictions on becoming in other fields, with or without institu- to exercise their own creative instincts a Fellow, except that nominees must tional affiliations. They may use their for the benefit of human society. be either residents or citizens of the fellowship to advance their expertise, The Foundation does not require United States. or expect specific products or reports from MacArthur Fellows and does not For additional information about MacArthur evaluate recipients’ creativity during the programs and grantmaking guidelines, see the term of the fellowship. The MacArthur Foundation’s Web site, www.macfound.org. Fellowship is a “no strings attached” stipend in support of people, not projects. The Fellows Program does not accept applications or unsolicited nominations.

MacArthur Fellows Program  MACARTHUR FELLOW S P ROG RAM Grants Authorized 

Angela Belcher, Nanotechnologist. Associate Professor of Gretchen Berland, Physician-Filmmaker. Assistant Professor Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine. of Technology. Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts Location: New Haven, Connecticut Angela Belcher is a materials scientist whose research Gretchen Berland is a physician who uses her experience opens new avenues for controlling inorganic chemi- in documentary production and journalism to highlight cal reactions. Rather than relying on traditional tools of issues that are critical to understanding and improving physical chemistry, such as high temperature, pressure, health care. Her video project, “Cross-Cover,” provides or metallic catalysis, Belcher has devised a means to use a first-person perspective on the problems faced by genetically engineered viruses to serve as templates for young doctors during their internship year; it chronicles the synthesis of submicroscopic conductors and semi- the changes in their attitudes toward the patients they conductors. As a graduate student, she demonstrated treat and in their personal and professional aspirations. how natural proteins in abalone establish templates for Its frank portrayal of the internship process has been cited the mineralization of calcium carbonates, the principal as a valuable tool for improving the quality of medical ingredient of chalk, to form its extremely hard shell. training. Berland’s more recent project, “Rolling,” uses She followed these observations by engineering peptides the video diary format to document the experiences of that bind with great specificity to semiconductor alloys several people who, for varying medical reasons, require such as gallium arsenide. wheelchairs for mobility. By placing the camera in Belcher has demonstrated a proclivity for developing the hands of her three subjects, she presents their strug- new techniques for manipulating systems that straddle gles to maintain independence and dignity in the face the boundary of organic and inorganic chemistry of their disabilities from a compelling and informative at the molecular scale. In her most recent work, she vantage point. has genetically modified viruses (strains that only attack Berland also served as lead author on a survey of bacteria and are harmless to humans) to interact with health information resources on the Internet. The study solutions of inorganic semiconductors, yielding self- found that health care consumers, those with lower assembling metal films and wires with diameters in the reading skills in particular, face significant obstacles to low tens of nanometers. The ability to control this self- locating accurate, complete, and understandable informa- assembly process may one day lead to the next generation tion on a variety of common medical problems. Through of microelectronics or other nanoscale machines. her efforts, Berland prompts physicians and the public to consider several key questions about health and society: how we learn about our own health, how physicians teach and learn, and how affliction creates physical and social barriers that often pass unnoticed.

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation James Carpenter, Glass Technologist. President, James Carpenter Katherine Gottlieb, Alaskan Health Care Leader. President Design Associates, Inc. Location: New York, New York and CEO, Southcentral Foundation. Location: Anchorage, Alaska James Carpenter is an innovative glass sculptor, engi- Katherine Gottlieb has transformed health care and neer, and designer who expands the artistic and techni- related health programs in her Native Alaskan commu- cal potential of glass. Carpenter envisions and translates nity. As head of the nonprofit Southcentral Foundation, the aesthetic and imaginative possibilities of glass into Gottlieb recast the organizational focus toward patient- built environments. His work draws from architecture, centered health care and away from en masse delivery engineering, materials science, and sculpture, extending of social welfare to underprivileged populations. In the the boundaries of each. In collaboration with architects process, she elevated the quality of service to the highest and engineers from around the world, Carpenter creates standard of medical care while decreasing the demand fluid and elegant designs that incorporate new fabrica- on the most expensive resources. The reach of Gottlieb’s tion technologies to address contemporary environmental programs extends well beyond primary care. The Dena A and energy considerations. He also reveals new ways Coy Residential Treatment Center is the first residential for light, modulated through glass structural materials, facility for pregnant women in the United States focused to enrich the visual experience of architectural space. on preventing fetal alcohol syndrome. Pathway Home, His works range from a blue glass bridge in Seattle’s a transitional living center, addresses the challenges City Hall, to a suspended glass wall atrium in London’s of substance abuse, violence, and suicide among Native “Glass Tube Field,” to light-modulating canopies in the Alaskan teenagers. With the Family Wellness Warriors Phoenix Federal Courthouse, to a plan for a prismatic, Initiative, Gottlieb seeks to revitalize the traditional partially transparent exterior for the reconstruction of role of Native Alaskan men as protectors and providers, Seven World Trade Center in New York. With his unique making them less inclined to fall into a pattern of domes- combination of aesthetic sensibility and technological tic abuse. Under Gottlieb’s leadership, the Southcentral acumen, Carpenter redefines our understanding of the Foundation network has demonstrated that high-quality power of glass as a means for reshaping light and space. health care and effective preventive services are possible, even in communities facing obstacles of poverty and Joseph DeRisi, Molecular Biologist. Associate Professor of geographic isolation. Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco. Location: San Francisco, California David Green, Technology Transfer Innovator. Executive Director, Joseph DeRisi is a molecular biologist who develops Project Impact. Location: Berkeley, California and uses new technologies for exploring the complex, David Green is a pioneer in the manufacture and distri- interdependent pathways regulating gene expression. He bution of advanced health care products for patients in extends the impact of recent advances in dna sequenc- the developing world who could not otherwise afford ing by examining not just the population of genes within them. He organizes engineers, technical experts, distribu- a cell, but also their interactions that lead to complex tion partners, and financiers to create production facili- behaviors. DeRisi uses glass slides, carefully prepared with ties capable of making high-quality products at very low spots of dna, arranged by robotic devices in a microarray, cost. In India, Green established Aurolab to manufacture to make hundreds and even thousands of measurements intraocular lenses (iols) — plastic implants used to restore of individual gene expression from a single experimental sight to patients suffering from cataracts and other eye sample. His studies on the most common type of malaria diseases. On a self-sustaining basis, Aurolab produces parasite have revealed an unusual pattern of synchronized hundreds of thousands of lenses annually at a fraction of gene activity. This observation suggests that the infectious the costs in developed countries and distributes them in agent may be particularly sensitive to drugs that disrupt more than  countries. The company is now one of the the gene synchronization necessary to move into the next largest manufacturers of iols in the world. By expand- phase of its life cycle. ing Aurolab’s manufacturing capacity to include low-cost DeRisi has also demonstrated the power of micro- needles and sutures, Green has opened opportunities arrays for rapid characterization of unknown viral strains; to restore vision and treat other diseases for millions of he and colleagues used this method to identify and char- people. Green is now developing digitally programmable, acterize a novel coronavirus responsible for the outbreak inexpensive hearing aids designed to become nonfunc- of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (sars) in early tional if any effort is made to resell them in markets other . By enhancing methods for bulk measurement of than the intended ones (i.e., those where widespread gene activity and applying this technology to questions of poverty makes such devices otherwise unobtainable). vital biological and medical interest, DeRisi demonstrates By applying traditional business strategies in untraditional the vast potential for discoveries in molecular genetics to markets, Green has addressed important public health decode the mysteries of cellular function and to advance challenges and improved the lives of populations around the diagnosis and treatment of disease. the world.

MacArthur Fellows Program  Aleksandar Hemon, Short Story Writer. Location: Chicago, Illinois Edward P. Jones, Novelist. Location: Arlington, Virginia Aleksandar Hemon is an author whose fiction grapples Edward P. Jones is a fiction writer who renders in story with the traumas of exile and ethnic conflict. Hemon’s a mysterious incongruity of the human experience — Nowhere Man (), a novel-in-stories, follows the how faith, dignity, and love often survive, and sometimes circuitous path of a young Bosnian refugee with an thrive, in the face of systemic adversity. His debut collec- appropriately circuitous narrative form; the work’s seven tion of  short stories, Lost in the City (), deals with sections shift back and forth between first-person narra- African American working class and underclass experi- tors and move freely in setting from Chicago to Sarajevo ences in mid-th century, inner-city Washington, D.C. to Kiev to Shanghai. Through this interspersing of mul- In a realistic and evocative style, Jones depicts characters tiple voices, locales, and time periods, Hemon creates an that, despite the constant and unacknowledged despair expansive fictional universe, one in which disparate events of their existences, live rich, varied, and compelling lives. and memories are salvaged from the sweep of history and A multi-layered, historical novel, The Known World (), presented with humor and compassion. In similar experi- is Jones’ second major work. In this sprawling saga set mental fashion, the stories collected in The Question of in antebellum Virginia, Jones examines the world of Bruno () take such varied forms as a series of unde- free blacks who owned black slaves. Told from several livered letters and a child’s spy fantasy footnoted with different viewpoints in an intricate structure full of “facts” from The Greatest Spies of World War II. Using his foreshadowing, the stories provide a broad view of the adopted language, English, Hemon dramatizes with wit complex system of slavery, capturing the experience and dexterity the cultural displacement that he and his of those who suffered its deadening effects. Jones works characters have endured. His voice invigorates American painstakingly to compose artful, morally complicated literature and succeeds in conveying moving stories from fiction that challenges, provokes, and enriches. the otherwise incommunicable experience of war. John Kamm, Businessman/Human Rights Strategist. Executive Heather Hurst, Archaeological Illustrator. Location: Director, Dui Hua Foundation. Location: San Francisco, California New Haven, Connecticut John Kamm has designed and implemented an original Heather Hurst is an archaeological artist and illustrator approach to freeing prisoners of conscience in China by who, through reconstruction, revives ancient paintings and leveraging business relationships. Beginning in the s drawings of the pre-Columbian Americas. For her palette, as a businessman in China, he learned that the under- she draws from many different kinds of primary materials standing of partners’ motivations and constraints is vital collected by archeologist collaborators — crushed, fallen for commercial trade in China. Having built longstand- building stones, field drawings, photographs, topographic ing ties of personal trust with Chinese officials at many maps, and functional interpretations of structures based levels, Kamm found that approaching them with dignity on lab analyses of ceramics, soils, and artifacts. Through and respect facilitated their response to his inquiries and a combination of knowledge, skill, and intuition, she uncovered a wealth of information regarding the status meticulously assembles these elements into vibrant repre- and well-being of thousands of political prisoners (most sentations of Mesoamerican visual culture. Her work with of whom attract little attention outside China). He has the Maya murals of Bonampak is her finest achievement mastered the details of Chinese prosecutorial, judicial, to date. Through these reproductions, she conveys a sharp and prison systems and holds the Chinese government image of the ancient Maya world, retrieving fallen war- accountable for implementing its own regulations, rather riors and lost hieroglyphs — in short, making visible what than citing international standards alone. More broadly, no eyes have viewed since  a.d. She has produced he has made apparent to Chinese officials that their treat- a vivid window into the Maya past, revealing the details ment of political prisoners sends clear signals regarding of forgotten monuments, their human faces, and their their good faith in trade negotiations. Kamm’s pragmatic, architectonic intentions. Her paintings and architectural case-by-case strategy complements human rights advo- renderings not only recover previously lost records, but cacy based on international conventions and principles. are works of art in their own right. Having won the release or improved the conditions for hundreds, he has demonstrated his approach as an effective means of addressing contentious human rights issues with Beijing.

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Daphne Koller, Computer Scientist. Associate Professor of Naomi Ehrich Leonard, Marine Roboticist. Professor of Computer Science, Stanford University. Location: Stanford, California Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University. Daphne Koller is a computer scientist who has developed Location: Princeton, New Jersey new computational methods for representing knowledge Naomi Leonard is an engineer who develops autono- and reasoning at the intersection of traditional logic, mous underwater vehicles. This work synthesizes probability, uncertainty, and subjective judgment. Her elements as diverse as fluid mechanics, robotics, com- work bridges a longstanding divide in the field of artificial puter science, oceanography, and biology. Leonard’s intelligence between efforts to develop an explicit rep- initial efforts focused on single vehicles that have the resentation of knowledge (for example, in medical diag- means to control motion directly in some, but not all, nosis) and efforts to categorize data based on statistical dimensions. She showed how “energy-shaping” methods properties (such as optical character recognition). Koller could be used to generate stable feedback control; these significantly expanded the utility of Bayesian networks — results have found application beyond robotics, extend- computational devices for reasoning based on uncertain ing control theory for mechanical systems in general. information — by showing how these structures can be With this theoretical foundation, Leonard moved to organized in hierarchical, object-oriented networks. She the design of coordinated control of arrays of multiple and her colleagues advanced this one step further by mobile agents. In collaboration with the mathematicians, developing “probabilistic relational models,” admixtures of oceanographers, and biologists of the Adaptive Ocean logical and statistical representations that can implement Sampling Network (aosn) project, she has investi- standard deductive reasoning without exhibiting the fra- gated how biological groups (such as flocking birds and gility of earlier systems to incorrect, incomplete, or uncer- schooling fish) coordinate their motion and how to get tain inputs. Probabilistic relational models are capable of man-made mobile autonomous agents to mimic that extracting knowledge embedded in large databases into a behavior. Beyond its contributions to engineering and form that can be used for abstract reasoning. behavioral science, autonomous underwater technology These advances find direct application in areas such allows oceanographers to place measuring instruments in as commerce, security, and biomedical research; for the right place at the right time to collect data essential example, probabilistic relational models have been used for understanding the physical forces controlling ocean to analyze the yeast genome, identifying regulatory roles dynamics. The technology also holds significant promise for several proteins whose function had been previously for a variety of military defense applications. uncharacterized. Through her research in graphical modeling, Koller has demonstrated the power of probabilistic Tommie Lindsey, High School Debating Coach. Forensics Team methods for tackling the hardest problems in knowledge Coach, James Logan High School. Location: Union City, California representation, inference, and learning. Tommie Lindsey, an exemplary teacher of competitive forensics (the discipline of public speaking, presentation, and debate), is changing the landscape of opportunities for at-risk students. In his program at Logan High School in Union City, California, Lindsey instills in his students the importance and power of persuasion, based on clear communication, reasoning, and mastery of the facts. American high school forensics is dominated by a small number of schools located primarily in the most afflu- ent areas of the country; by contrast, many of Lindsey’s students come from poor families, broken homes, or difficult urban environments. He has repeatedly demonstrated that students can surmount these circumstances by force of character, personal experience, hard work, and commitment to excellence. His students regularly excel in the preparation and delivery of their orations, competing effectively and winning national forensics championships. By showing his students that they can compete intellectually at the highest levels and teaching them skills they can use throughout their lives, Lindsey recasts the imaginative possibilities for hundreds of young women and men; more than  percent of his students go on to attend college. Through his tireless efforts to support, inspire, and lead his students, Lindsey serves as a role model not only for them, but for all who seek to shape the future of young people.

MacArthur Fellows Program  Rueben Martinez, Bookseller. Owner and Founder, Libreria Vamsi Mootha, Physician/Researcher. Assistant Professor of Martinez Books and Art Gallery. Location: Santa Ana, California Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School. Assistant Professor of Rueben Martinez has elevated bookselling from a busi- Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Location: ness to a campaign in support of underserved popula- Boston, Massachusetts tions in California and throughout America. His Santa Vamsi Mootha is a clinician-researcher who converts the Ana bookstore, Libreria Martinez Books and Art Gallery, promise of new technologies such as genomics and pro- was originally a barbershop and is now among the larg- teomics into tangible, important insights regarding basic est commercial sellers of Spanish-language books in the biological processes and the sources of human diseases. country, serving as the cornerstone of cultural events and He specializes in the subcellular structures responsible for community activities that promote the benefits of reading energy metabolism: the mitochondria. Recently, Mootha to Hispanic-Americans and Spanish-speaking immigrants. and colleagues have isolated peptide fragments from these A co-founder of the Latino Book Festival (which now organelles and identified them with mass spectroscopy. tours nationally), Martinez motivates Spanish-speaking By comparing the protein fingerprints with gene people to value literature, to read for themselves, and to expression databases, more than  previously unknown read to their children. The record number of enthusiastic mitochondrial proteins were identified. He used a adults and children drawn to Libreria Martinez makes similar, coordinated approach to identify the gene that the store a destination for leading bilingual and Latino causes Leigh Syndrome French Canadian variant, a fatal authors. Acclaimed by educators and librarians through- metabolic disease. In diseases resulting not from a single out the country, Martinez’ unique brand of entrepre- gene but the interaction of sets of genes, he introduced neurship and advocacy is an important complement to a computational method for identifying patterns of institutional and program efforts to enrich and anchor gene activity in specific diseases. In type  diabetes, for the lives of a large and growing population in America. example, this method has identified aberrations in the regulation of genes related to a specific metabolic path- Maria Mavroudi, Philologist. Assistant Professor of History, way, an observation that may provide important clues University of California, Berkeley. Location: Berkeley, California to the cause of a prevalent and devastating condition. As Maria Mavroudi is a philologist who uses her skills importantly, Mootha has pioneered powerful, adaptable as a language detective to reveal a new understanding computational strategies for mining data collected in of the linguistic and cultural exchanges between laboratories throughout the world, providing an efficient medieval Byzantium and its Islamic Middle Eastern means to hunt down gene interactions that lead to a neighbors. Most scholarship on Greco-Arabic interaction wide variety of diseases. has focused on the “one-way” transmission of classical Greek thought into the Islamic world. Judy Pfaff, Sculptor. Professor of Art, Bard College. Location: Through her meticulous analysis of The Oneiroticon Annandale-on-Hudson, New York of Achmet, the most significant medieval Byzantine trea- Judy Pfaff is an artist in the midst of a prolific career as tise on dream interpretation (a proto-science of the time a sculptor, installation artist, painter, and printmaker. At akin to astrology, astronomy, and alchemy), Mavroudi the heart of her work is her exploration of how to make traces intellectual currents flowing from the Arabic world painting more three-dimensional and sculpture more into Byzantine culture and society. She shows that the painterly. From the beginning of her career in the s, Oneiroticon is a Christianized adaptation of medieval she has worked with a wide and unusual range of mate- Arabic texts, which, in turn, are based on the classical rials and has inspired younger artists to venture outside Greek Oneiroticon of Artemidoros (second century a.d.). the traditional distinctions made between painting and The implications of her work are profound; her research sculpture. Pfaff moves back and forth easily between two- on this text provides clear evidence that significant and three-dimensional work, creating art that is complex, importation of Arabic learning into Byzantium occurred profuse, and unique. Her dynamic, exuberant, large-scale and that Greek-Arabic bilingualism developed to facili- (and typically site-specific) installations incorporate local tate such exchanges between two otherwise antagonis- materials and combine painting, sculpture, and architec- tic cultures. Mavroudi’s more recent work examines a ture. These works include carefully crafted elements of her broad range of texts, showing the pervasive impact of own making with found materials, both man-made and Byzantine-Arab exchanges, and continues to fill in crucial natural, to create protean forms of rich complexity. While gaps in the history of knowledge shared throughout the Pfaff is primarily a sculptor, her concepts are expressed in Mediterranean world’s dominant civilizations. equal power in her paintings, prints, and drawings. Her work continues to evolve, and she has recently begun to explore the incorporation of photographic/digital imag- ery into her installations and prints.

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Aminah Robinson, Folk Artist. Location: Columbus, Ohio Cheryl Rogowski, Farmer. Location: Pine Island, New York Aminah Robinson uses fabric, needlepoint, paint, ink, Cheryl Rogowski is reinventing the role of the family charcoal, clay, and found objects to create signature works farm in America. Under great pressure from consolida- on canvas and in three-dimensional construction. Folk tion in industrial agriculture and shifting trade policies, artist, storyteller, and visual historian, Robinson celebrates Rogowski overhauled her family farm, moving away and memorializes the neighborhood of her childhood — from a single-crop specialization to provide a variety of Poindexter Village in Columbus, Ohio — and her vegetables and fruits that serve the needs of regional and journeys to and from her home. In drawings, paintings, specialty markets (where the demand is often not high sculpture, puppetry, and music boxes, she reflects on enough to attract the attention of the agricultural giants). themes of family and ancestry, and on the grandeur of Though commercial survival and success have depended simple objects and everyday tasks. Her works are both on innovation in cultivation, capital investment, and freestanding monuments and fractional components of marketing, Rogowski recognized that the health of her an ongoing odyssey. Robinson is a master of assemblage; business depends even more on the vitality of the mar- her elegant collages are Homeric in content, quantity, and ketplace. She has been at the vanguard of creating and scale (some canvases are  feet or larger) and many of participating in Community Supported Agricultural pro- her exhibited pieces are works-in-progress, several years grams (csas) in her own community and in New York in the making. This trademark body of work resonates City and in experimenting with individual csas for tar- deeply with audiences. Symphonic Poem, for example, an geted groups as disparate as Hispanics, seniors, and soup exhibition of her work at the Columbus Museum of Art, kitchens. She also plays a key role in the New Farmer was noted for its unusually large and repeat attendance. Development Project, mentoring immigrant farmers A recent commission for the National Underground seeking to establish their own farms. Other efforts, such Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, is also as literacy programs for migrant farm workers and pub- expected to reach a large audience. Robinson’s creations lic art exhibitions in support of local foods, demonstrate set her apart as a contemporary American artist. her commitment to finding contemporary solutions to the challenges facing family farms in the United States. Reginald R. Robinson, Ragtime Pianist/Composer. Rogowski is an entrepreneur who has revitalized the Location: Chicago, Illinois character of family farming as a commercial enterprise Reginald Robinson is a musician and composer who and as an engine of community development. chose an unusual path for his musical career: classical ragtime music. An early th century American musi- Amy Smith, Inventor. Instructor, Massachusetts Institute cal form characterized by a syncopated melody, ragtime of Technology/School of Engineering. Location: Cambridge, was advocated by composers such as Scott Joplin as a Massachusetts uniquely American music that would change and evolve Amy Smith is an inventor and teacher dedicated to with the succeeding years. Introduced to ragtime through developing technologies that optimize limited resources an elementary school presentation, Robinson taught and solve seemingly intractable problems in developing himself to play the piano and to read music and began countries. As a mechanical engineer, she creates life- researching the genre. He has remained dedicated to the enhancing solutions and labor-saving technologies for form ever since. A gifted pianist, he evokes the range of people at the far end of dirt roads in the world’s most passion and liveliness contained within the classic ragtime remote societies — people facing crises that erupt in compositions of the early s. He has explored in detail health clinics with no electricity and in villages with no the great works of Scott Joplin, Eubie Blake, and other clean water. Striking in their simplicity and effectiveness, classical ragtime composers and has composed dozens her inventions include grain-grinding hammer mills, of harmonically daring, structurally complex works. In water-purification devices, and field incubators for addition to his composition and performance, Robinson biologic testing, each reflecting her inordinate creativity has studied the history of ragtime music thoroughly; he and ingenuity. Determined to expand her reach, she discovered and recorded a previously unknown Joplin is systematically inspiring engineering students to fol- fragment found in the archives of Fisk University. This low her lead and develop solutions to the problems that singular musician has devoted himself to preserving the plague huge segments of the world’s population. traditions of classical ragtime while taking this vintage music into contemporary directions.

MacArthur Fellows Program  Julie Theriot, Microbiologist. Assistant Professor of Biochemistry C.D. Wright, Poet. Professor of English, Brown University. and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University. Location: Providence, Rhode Island Location: Stanford, California C.D. Wright is an accomplished writer, the author of Julie Theriot is a microbiologist, cell biologist, and ten volumes of poetry, and an editor for Lost Roads biophysicist who is unraveling the secrets of bacterial Publishers. No single description adequately captures infection. One strategy that some bacteria use to evade Wright’s work; she is an experimental writer, a Southern the immune system is to trick cells lining exposed writer, and a socially committed writer, yet she continu- surfaces (such as the digestive tract) into absorbing the ously reinvents herself with each new volume. The tra- bacteria; after several cell divisions, the bacteria propel jectory and growth of her achievement as a poet can be themselves through the cell wall into adjacent cells, seen in Steal Away (), a selection of her verse over where the process is repeated. Theriot’s research focuses the last  years. In this volume, Wright experiments on the mechanism of bacterial propulsion, specifically with stanza, syntax, and line and writes in a variety of on the role of the structural protein actin. In early pub- styles — prose poems, short lyrics, and prose narratives. lications, Theriot showed how bacteria can commandeer The poems themselves move from the personal to those the normal role of actin within the cell by inducing from One Big Self (), where the personae origi- the formation of long bundles of actin filaments that nate from Wright’s conversations with prisoners in the resemble the tail of a comet. These actin comet tails then Louisiana state prison system. Despite her frequent use of propel the attached bacterium forward. Theriot designed experimental structures, her mode of expression is clear several experimental protocols that allow for detailed and accessible, and her poetry is rooted in the landscape analysis of the biomechanics of this process — measuring and people of her childhood in Arkansas, often engag- the forces generated and determining the necessary ing issues of social importance. Wright is a prolific poet and sufficient conditions for actin comet-tail formation. whose wide-ranging oeuvre includes collaborative proj- Through her research, Theriot illuminates basic bio- ects with the photographer Deborah Luster and the com- physical processes underlying movement of cells and the position and publication of two state literary maps: one pathogens that invade them. of her native state of Arkansas, the other of her adopted state, Rhode Island, where she teaches and resides.

Summary of Grants Authorized 2004 fellowship awards $11,500,000 macarthur fellows association trust 166,763

total $11,666,763

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Financial Review Board of Directors Foundation Staff FINANCIAL REVIEW

Statements of Financial Position

December ,  and  (’s omitted)  

ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,546 $ 2,443 Investments 4,901,865 4,404,868 Program-related investments 81,442 85,042 Assets held for charitable use 30,777 28,583 Other assets 3,593 1,441

Total assets $ 5,023,223 $ 4,522,377

LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Grants payable $ 255,016 $ 291,552 Other liabilities 28,550 24,539 Excise and income taxes 14,833 13,476

Total liabilities 298,399 329,567 Unrestricted net assets 4,724,824 4,192,810

Total liabilities and net assets $ 5,023,223 $ 4,522,377

74 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Statements of Activities

For the years ended December ,  and  (’s omitted)  

INVESTMENT INCOME Interest and dividends $ 124,025 $ 115,216 Realized gain 429,628 283,191 Other 4,742 4,811

Total investment income 558,395 403,218

INVESTMENT EXPENSES Fees and expenses 58,269 48,072 Excise and income taxes 5,835 4,977

Total investment expenses 64,104 53,049

UNREALIZED GAIN ON INVESTMENTS 238,982 564,240

Net investment income 733,273 914,409

OPERATING EXPENSES Grants authorized 173,184 196,334 Direct program 1,765 1,990 Administrative 23,144 23,918 Other 3,166 2,972

Total operating expenses 201,259 225,214

Change in unrestricted net assets 532,014 689,195

UNRESTRICTED NET ASSETS, BEGINNING OF YEAR 4,192,810 3,503,615

UNRESTRICTED NET ASSETS, END OF YEAR $ 4,724,824 $ 4,192,810

Financial Review 75 B OA R D OF D I RE C TORS As of April , 

Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot John Seely Brown is the Jonathan F. Fanton is chair of the Foundation’s former chief scientist of has been president of the board. A sociologist, she is Xerox Corporation and John D. and Catherine T. the Emily Hargroves Fisher former director of Xerox MacArthur Foundation Professor of Education Palo Alto Research Center since September , . at Harvard University. (parc). Brown co-founded Previously he was president She studies the organiza- the Institute for Research of New School University tion, structure, and cul- on Learning, which explores in New York City and vice tural contexts of schools, the problems of lifelong president for planning at and is the author of eight learning. The University of Chicago, books including The Good where he taught American High School, Respect: An Drew Saunders Days, III history. Exploration, and The Essential is Alfred M. Rankin Professor Conversation: What Parents of Law at the Yale Law William H. Foege is and Teachers Can Learn From School and of counsel to Distinguished Professor at Each Other. the law firm of Morrison the Rollins School of Public and Foerster LLP, special- Health at Emory University Lloyd Axworthy is presi- izing in Supreme Court and and a fellow for health pol- dent and vice chancellor of appellate practice. He is icy at the university’s Carter the University of Winnipeg. a former Solicitor General Center. He also serves as He is a former Minister of of the U.S. (–) and a fellow of the Bill and Foreign Affairs of Canada. former Assistant Attorney Melinda Gates Foundation. In February , he was General for Civil Rights Foege served for  years appointed un Special Envoy (–). at the Centers for Disease for Ethiopia-Eritrea to assist Control, of which he was in implementing a peace Robert E. Denham is an director for five years. agreement among the East attorney with the law firm African countries. of Munger, Tolles & Olson Jamie S. Gorelick is a llp, specializing in corpo- partner in the Washington rate, financial, and strategic office of Wilmer Cutler issues. He is the former chair Pickering Hale and Dorr, and chief executive officer LLP. She has previously of Salomon Inc. served as a member of the  ⁄ Commission, as Deputy Attorney General of the United States, and as General Counsel at the Department of Defense, among other positions.

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Mary Graham is co- Donald R. Hopkins, Mario J. Molina is a Marjorie M. Scardino is director of the Transparency M.D., M.P.H., is associate professor at the University chief executive officer of Policy Project at Harvard’s executive director for health of California, San Diego Pearson, an international Kennedy School of programs at The Carter (ucsd), with a joint education and media group Government and a visiting Center, a nonprofit, non- appointment in the headquartered in London, fellow at the Brookings governmental organization Department of Chemistry England, whose primary Institution in Washington, based in Atlanta, Georgia. and Biochemistry and business operations include D.C. She is the author He is responsible for leading the Scripps Institution The Financial Times Group, of Democracy by Disclosure: public health efforts such of Oceanography. He is Penguin Pearson Education, The Rise of Technopopulism as the center’s worldwide a member of the U.S. and half interest in The and The Morning After Earth Guinea worm eradication National Academy of Economist Group. She won Day: Practical Environmental initiative and its work Sciences and the Institute a Pulitzer Prize in  Politics. to fight river blindness and of Medicine, and of the while publisher, with her trachoma in Africa and Pontifical Academy of husband, of a weekly news- John P. Holdren is the Teresa Latin America. Formerly, Sciences. Molina received paper in Alabama. Formerly, and John Heinz Professor he served for 20 years at the the Tyler Ecology & Energy she was chief executive of Environmental Policy Centers for Disease Control Prize in 1983, the Nobel officer of The Economist and director of the Program and Prevention. He is the Prize for Chemistry in 1995, Group. (Board appointment in Science, Technology, and author of The Greatest and the unep-Sasakawa effective December ) Public Policy at the Kennedy Killer: Smallpox in History. Award in 1999. School of Government at (Board appointment effective Thomas C. Theobald is Harvard University and September 2005) George A. Ranney, Jr. an investor and partner in Professor of Environmental is president and chief Chicago Growth Partners, Science and Public Policy Will Miller is chairman and executive officer of Chicago a Chicago-based private in the Department of Earth chief executive officer of Metropolis  and senior equity firm. Earlier he was and Planetary Sciences. He Irwin Financial Corporation counsel to the Chicago chair and chief executive is a member of the National of Columbus, Indiana, law firm of Mayer, Brown, officer of Continental Bank Academy of Sciences and an interrelated group of Rowe & Maw. He was vice Corporation and vice chair the National Academy of financial services companies president and general coun- of Citibank/Citicorp. Engineering, and president- serving consumers and sel of Inland Steel Industries, elect of the American small businesses in the Inc. Ranney served as Association for the United States and Canada. senior finance officer for Advancement of Science. the State of Illinois and chaired state commissions for three governors.

Board of Directors  F OU NDA TI ON S TA FF As of April , 

OFFICE OF THE Mary R. Page Thom T. Skoog Manju Deogire PRESIDENT Director, Global Challenges Program Administrator Administrator Jonathan F. Fanton R. Michael Wright Gabriela Suarez Tarachand Sharma President Director, Conservation and Program Administrator Office Assistant Sustainable Development Elizabeth T. Kane Elizabeth Gonzalez Mexico Chief of Staff John W. Slocum Program Assistant Co-Director, Initiative in the Ana Luisa Liguori Matt T. Reed Russian Federation and S. Quinn Hanzel Director, Mexico Office Assistant to the President Post-Soviet States Program Assistant Sharon Bissell Sotelo Katherine Senkpeil Catherine H. Picard Rossi M. Polenica Program Officer Special Assistant Director, Program Program Assistant Administration Maria Elena Casillas Luz Maria Blanco Madrid Mariella M. Evans Executive Assistant Elizabeth Chadri Executive Secretary Executive Secretary Program Officer Carmen Garcia Alvaro Camacho Mary Flanders Executive Assistant Stephen E. Cornelius Driver Executive Secretary Program Officer Kathleen H. Zamorski Moscow Tamara Kensey Executive Assistant Raoul J. Davion Executive Secretary Program Officer and Tatiana Zhdanova Co-Director, Co-Director, Initiative in PROGRAM ON GLOBAL Africa Task Group Renee Munro the Russian Federation SECURITY AND Executive Secretary SUSTAINABILITY Lukas Haynes Simon Cosgrove Cordia T. Pugh John Hurley Program Officer Program Officer Executive Secretary Acting Vice President, Global Security and David L. Hulse Elena Kordzaya Sustainability Program Officer Carrie Shield Associate Director Executive Secretary Gary S. Samore Milena Novy-Marx Elvira A. Orlova Vice President, Global Program Officer Grants Coordinator INTERNATIONAL Security and Sustainability OFFICES (Effective July 1, 2005) Christine A. Varga Olga Bazhenova Program Officer India Chief Accountant Kennette M. Benedict Director, International Daniel C. Miller Poonam Muttreja Galina Ustinova Peace and Security, Program Associate Director, India Office Program Associate and Senior Advisor in Philanthropy Elsa Gutierrez Dipa Nag Chowdhury Olga Abalakina Program Administrator Senior Program Manager Program Assistant Judith F. Helzner Director, Population and Phillis D. Hollice Reproductive Health Program Administrator

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Maria A. Shatrova Spruiell D. White PROGRAM-RELATED GENERAL PROGRAM Program Assistant Senior Program Officer INVESTMENTS Elspeth A. Revere Debra D. Schwartz Iliya Turchaninov Valerie Chang Director, General Program Director, Program-Related Executive Secretary Program Officer Investments John S. Bracken (Also Program Officer, Program Officer Igor G. Kadiaev Erika C. Poethig Program on Human and Technical Assistant Program Officer Community Development) Kathy K. Im Program Officer Zukhra Fedorova Debra D. Schwartz Marshall P. Eldred Office Services Assistant Program Officer Program Officer (Also Director, Program- Aly Kassam-Remtulla Related Investments) Program Officer Nigeria Jerry Huang Senior Analyst Kole A. Shettima Craig Wacker Susan M. Salaba Director, Africa Office Program Officer Program Administrator Gerry Sims Program Associate Godwin Odo Constance M. Yowell Gwendolyn W. Bolling Program Officer Program Officer Program Assistant FELLOWS PROGRAM Adewale Felix Ogunleye Steven J. Casey Erica Twyman Program Administrator Program Associate Daniel J. Socolow Program Assistant Director, Fellows Program Ereopuye Amachree Ruth E. Runeborg Tammy Smith Program Assistant Program Associate Mark D. Fitzsimmons Executive Secretary Associate Director Esther Ifesanmi Margaret G. Walano Secretary Executive Assistant Mary Ann T. Worklan FINANCE DEPARTMENT Senior Program Officer Marc P. Yanchura Waheed Adeniran Janice A. Dunbar Treasurer Driver Senior Program Assistant Marlies A. Carruth Program Officer Karen S. Menke Marion Goldfinger Director, Accounting and PROGRAM ON HUMAN Program Assistant Maureen P. Atwell Budget AND COMMUNITY Program Administrator DEVELOPMENT Stephen R. Stinson George B. Ptacin Julia M. Stasch Program Assistant Nicole A. Hawkes Director, Finance and Tax Vice President, Human and Program Associate Community Development Cheryl A. Breaux Carol M. Burgan Research Assistant Laura E. Scholl Senior Accountant Herman Brewer Program Associate Program Director, Liza Weinstein Brenda F. Cornelius Chicago Working Group Research Assistant Krista L. Pospisil Senior Accountant Research Associate Laurie R. Garduque Mary McClanahan Ellen K. Patzer Program Director Executive Secretary Martha J. Galloway Senior Accountant Program Assistant Susan E. Lloyd Louise Powell Patricia A. Gorczyca Program Director, Evaluation Executive Secretary Eloise E. Daniels Senior Payroll and Department Assistant Tax Specialist Rebecca K. Levine Charmaine C. Seeler Program Director, Executive Secretary Diane Estes Consuelo Sierzega Administration and Department Assistant Department Administrator Communication Carlene A. Williams Executive Secretary Michael A. Stegman Director, Policy Michelle Williams (Effective July 1, 2005) Executive Secretary

Foundation Staff  Ravinia Smith Linda I. Zillner Alaina M. Anderson Information Systems Accounting Assistant Senior Human Resources/ Senior Analyst Benefits Administrator Sharon R. Burns Marilu Quintanilla- Kevin Drucker Chief Information Officer Aguayo Jaime L. Alshehri Senior Quantitative Analyst Accounts Payable Clerk Human Resources/ Sharon I. Furiya Benefits Administrator Melissa Mathson Director, System Services Senior Analyst, Private Equity OFFICE OF THE Jennifer L. Arrington Michael R. Schroer GENERAL COUNSEL Department Administrator Sharon K. Nikonchuk Director, Systems Development Joshua J. Mintz Associate Portfolio Manager Vice President and General Marisela Lara Frank L. Burnette Counsel Administrative Services Vititia N. Bauer Manager, Systems Development Supervisor Department Administrator David S. Chernoff Jacquet Jordan Associate General Counsel Cryselda Franco Cesar Gutierrez Network Manager Department Administrator Department Administrator Nancy A. Rinder Daniel J. Murphy Paralegal Catherine Hampton Application Systems Engineer Executive Secretary OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE Daniel L. Levin Debby L. Little FOUNDATION Legal Specialist Darrell E. Roseborough Applications Support Specialist Administrative Services Clerk Arthur M. Sussman Audette M. Garritano Vice President and Secretary Randy A. Van Ort Legal Administrative Assistant Betty J. Smith Applications Support Specialist Lead Receptionist Janet B. Jannotta Vicki A. Glinski Meeting Planner Rosemary Ashack Legal Administrative Assistant Beverly A. Brimley Help Desk Analyst Receptionist Miranda Zola Gabriela Le Breton Executive Assistant Deborah M. Mickles Project Assistant Department Administrator INVESTMENTS Grants Management, Research, Office of Public Affairs Susan E. Manske and Information HUMAN RESOURCES Vice President and Chief Raymond C. Boyer AND ADMINISTRATION Investment Officer Richard J. Kaplan Associate Vice President for Associate Vice President, William E. Lowry Institutional Research and Communications Vice President, Human Mark J. Franke Managing Director, Grants Management Resources and Administration Jennifer J. Humke Private Equities Rebecca L. Koman Communications Officer Melisa Byrd David A. Greenwald Senior Information Specialist Manager, Compensation James A. Hoffmann Managing Director, and Benefits Communications Specialist Absolute Return and J. Stephen Richards Fixed Income Department Administrator Barbara A. Hogan Manager, Administrative Mary E. Petrites Services Jinde Guo Managing Director, Grants Administrator International Hope McKinnis Douglas G. Siegel Executive Assistant Timothy J. Hoeppner Grants Administrator Managing Director, Real Estate Joy E. Ballard Jonathan Leight Department Assistant Managing Director, Asset Allocation and Risk Management

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation HOW TO APPLY: T H E L E TT ER O F I NQUIRY

The first step in learning if grant sup- • Organization’s phone number, fax The Foundation’s response port from MacArthur is available is to number, and e-mail address, if any We will send you an acknowledgment thoroughly review the grantmaking • Name and title of the principal contact that your letter of inquiry was received, guidelines that are posted on the person, if different from the above and we will direct it to the appropriate Foundation’s Web site. At the end of staff members for review. If as a result of the description of each grantmaking • Address (and courier address if that review the Foundation concludes area is a brief item about the availability different), phone number, fax number, that there is no prospect of Foundation of grants. If support is available, the and e-mail address, if any, of principal funding, we will notify you promptly. next step is to submit a cover sheet contact If the Foundation decides that your and a letter of inquiry about the work • Web address, if any. project might qualify for a grant, we will being proposed. Send it by mail to contact you to discuss next steps and the Office of Grants Management at what further information is required. the Foundation’s Chicago address. The Letter of Inquiry: Format All material submitted becomes the letter of inquiry can also be sent by There is no set format, but letters of property of the MacArthur Foundation. e-mail to [email protected]. Letters inquiry generally include the following: The Foundation sometimes submits of inquiry about projects in India, inquiries or proposals to confidential • Name or topic of the proposed project Mexico, or Nigeria should be sent to outside review. the MacArthur office in that country. or work to be done Letters about work related to Russia • A brief statement (two or three Deadlines may be sent to the Moscow office sentences) of the purpose and nature of the Chicago office. (See page 82 for of the proposed work With few exceptions, as noted else- contact information.) where, there are no fixed deadlines. • The significance of the issue addressed by the project and how it relates to Letter of Inquiry: Cover sheet a stated MacArthur program strategy What the Foundation does In order to expedite a letter of inquiry it not support • How the work will address the issue is important that it include a cover sheet Please note that the Foundation does with the following information: • How the issue relates to your organi- not support political activities or zation, and why your organization attempts to influence action on specific • Information regarding who will carry is qualified to undertake the project legislation. We do not provide scholar- out the work ships or tuition assistance for undergrad- • Geographic area or country where the • Name of your organization uate, graduate, or postgraduate studies; work will take place (and acronym if commonly used) nor do we support annual fundraising • Time period for which funding is drives, institutional benefits, honorary • Name of parent organization, if any requested functions, or similar projects. • Name of chief executive officer or • Information about those who will person holding similar position be helped by and interested in the • Organization’s address (and courier work and how you will communicate address if different) with them • Amount of funding requested from MacArthur and total cost (estimates are acceptable).

How to Apply: The Letter of Inquiry  HO W TO CON TAC T T HE F OU NDATI ON

CHICAGO INDIA NIGERIA The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation–India MacArthur Foundation–Nigeria MacArthur Foundation India Habitat Centre Plot No. , Ontario Crescent off Office of Grants Management Core C, First Floor Mississippi Street  S. Dearborn Street Lodhi Road Maitama A, Abuja Suite  New Delhi   Nigeria Chicago, IL - India Phone: (-) - USA Phone : (-) - Fax: (-) - Phone: () - Phone : (-) - E-mail: [email protected] Fax: () - Fax: (-) - TDD: () - E-mail: [email protected] RUSSIA MacArthur Foundation–Moscow MEXICO Khlebnyi Pereulok , Suite  MacArthur Foundation–Mexico Moscow  Vito Alessio Robles - Russia Ex-Hacienda de Guadalupe, Chimalistac Phone: (-) - México, D.F.  Fax: (-) - México International satellite: (-) - Phone and Fax: (-) - E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

FOR INFORMATION

An immediate source of current KEY CONTACTS Administration () - information is the Foundation’s Web William E. Lowry site: www.macfound.org. Jonathan F. Fanton Vice President, Human Resources President and Administration To request information by e-mail, direct Program Susan E. Manske inquiries to [email protected]. Vice President and John Hurley Chief Investment Officer To request information by mail, Acting Vice President, Global Security and Sustainability Joshua J. Mintz call the MacArthur publication line: Vice President and General Counsel () -. Gary S. Samore Vice President, Global Security and Arthur M. Sussman Sustainability (Effective July 1, 2005) Vice President and Secretary Grantmaking guidelines are subject to Elspeth A. Revere Marc Yanchura revision. Check the Foundation’s Web site, Director, General Program Treasurer www.macfound.org, for the most recent Julia M. Stasch version. Vice President, Human and Community Development Daniel J. Socolow Director, Fellows Program

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation THE FOUNDATION AT A GLANCE

p u r p o s e f ou n d e d The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is a pri-  vate, independent grantmaking institution dedicated to helping groups and individuals foster lasting improvement in the human total assets condition. It seeks the development of healthy individuals and effective communities; peace within and among nations; respon-  billion (as of December 31, 2004) sible choices about human reproduction; and a global ecosystem capable of supporting healthy human societies. foundation personnel United States:  grantmaking 2004 Overseas:  Total grants authorized . million headquarters Grant requests , Chicago, Illinois

Number of grants  international offices Grants to organizations  India, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia Grants to individuals 

Average size of grants to organizations , for more information www.macfound.org Range of grants , to  million (For contact information, see page 82.) Geographic scope U.S. and  countries

Grants authorized by program area Global Security and Sustainability ,, Human and Community Development ,, General Program ,, Fellows Program ,,

The Foundation at a Glance  IND E X T O G RAN T S AU T HORIZ E D

A B Center for Anthropological Centro de Investigaciónes en Research,  Salud de Comitán,  Abdullahi, Safiya,  Baldaeva, Irina Borisovna,  Center for Arms Control and Centro Ecuatoriano de Derecho Abers, Rebecca Neaera,  BAOBAB for Women’s Human Non-Proliferation,  Ambiental,  Rights,  Abraham Lincoln Centre,  Center on Budget and Policy Centro Mujeres,  Bayero University,  Priorities,  Action Health,  Charitable Foundation in Support Bazelon Center for Mental Actual Films,  Center for Communication of Civil Society Initiatives Health Law,  and Reproductive Health “Fulcrum Foundation,”  Adebanwi, Wale Obadare, Belcher, Angela,  Services,  Ebenezer,  Chicago Architecture Belousova, Maria Pavlovna,  Center for Community Foundation,  Adler Planetarium,  Self-Help,  Berland, Gretchen,  Chicago Area Project,  Afluentes,  Center for Democracy and BirdLife International, ,  Chicago Children’s Choir,  Ahmadu Bello University,  Technology, ,  Bogoiavlenskii, Dmitrii Center for Economic Progress,  Chicago Community Faculty of Law, Centre for Dmitrievich,  Foundation,  Islamic Legal Studies,  Center for Effective Philanthropy, Boston College,  Chicago Humanities Festival,  Ahmed, Hajiya Asmau,   Brandeis University,  Chicago Metropolis 2020,  Akaa, Ter,  Center for Environmental Law and Brookings Institution Community Rights,  Chicago Opera Theater,  Alexseev, Mikhail A.,  Economic Studies Program,  Center for Health and Gender Chicago Shakespeare Theater,  Altus,  Equity,  Foreign Policy Studies Program, Children’s Memorial American Councils for  Center for Investigative Foundation,  International Education,  Reporting,  Metropolitan Policy Program, Chiltak,  American Documentary,  ,  Center for Law Enforcement Education,  China Arms Control and American Friends of the Brown University, Annenberg Disarmament Association,  New Economic School,  Institute for School Reform,  Center for Policy Studies in Russia–PIR Center,  Citizenship Education Fund,  American Society of International Budnikova, Taisiia Ivanovna,  Law,  Center for the Promotion of City Research,  Bulatov, Abdulgamid Osmanovich, International Defense,  City University of New York, Ama, N.O.,   Center for Reproductive Rights,  Ralph Bunche Institute for Analytical Center for Burkov, Anton Leonidovich,  International Studies,  Non-Proliferation,  Center for Russian Environmental Business and Professional People Policy,  Civic Human Rights League,  Antonova, Natalia Leonidovna,  for the Public Interest,  Center for Strategic & Civil Liberties Organisation,  Anusandhan Trust - Centre for International Studies,  Enquiry into Health and Allied Climate Group,  Themes,  C Center for the Support of Coalition for Juvenile Justice,  Democratic Youth Initiatives,  Arizona State University, Center Campaign for Mental Health Coalition for Women’s Economic for Environmental Studies,  Reform,  Centre for Development and Development and Global Population Activities,  Arms Control Association,  CARE,  Equality,  Centre Ecologique Libanona,  Arts Matter,  Caribbean Natural Resources Coalition of Community Institute,  Centre for Independent Social Development Financial Asadullaeva, Esmira Sadulla kyzy,  Research,  Institutions,  Carnegie Endowment for Association Nationale pour la International Peace, ,  Centre for Law Enforcement Coastal Enterprises, Inc.,  Gestion des Aires Protegées,  Education,  Carpenter, James,  Cohen, Avner,  Centre for Research and CDFI Data Project,  Columbia University, School of Documentation,  International and Public Center for the Advancement of Centro de Derechos Humanos, Affairs,  Health,  Fray Francisco de Vitoria, 

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Columbia University School of E Goriashko, Nataliia Instituto del Bien Comun,  Public Health, National Center Aleksandrovna,  for Children in Poverty,  Education Law Center,  Instituto Promundo,  Gottlieb, Katherine,  Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y El Colegio de Mexico, International Institute for Promoción de los Derechos Delegación Tlalpan,  Grafova, Lidiia Ivanovna,  Population Sciences,  Humanos,  ELIGE, Red de Jovenes Grantmakers for Children, Youth International Planned Parenthood Committee of Scientists for por los Derechos Sexuales y and Families,  Federation,  Reproductivos,  Global Security,  Grantmakers in Film and International Rescue Committee, Community Builders,  Enterprise Foundation,  Electronic Media,   Community Catalyst,  Environmental Defender’s Office, Grantmakers in Health,  International Women’s Health  Coalition, ,  Community Conservation Green, David,  Network,  Environmental Defense Fund,  InternetCoast Economic Grossman, Elizabeth,  Development Advisory Environmental Law Alliance Community Development Venture Groupe D’ Etudes et de Recherche Council,  Capital Alliance,  Worldwide,  Sur Les Primates de Madagascar, Inuit Circumpolar Conference,  Community Foundation for Palm Ergeshbaev, Uran Zhumabekovich,   Ipas, ,  Beach and Martin Counties,  Grupo Jaragua,  Community Life Project,  Esimova, Aigul Begenovna,  Community Reinvestment Fund, European NGOs for Sexual J and Reproductive Health H  JHPIEGO,  and Rights, Population and Harvard University Congress for the New Urbanism, Development,  Joffrey Ballet of Chicago,   Belfer Center for Science and European University at International Affairs,  Johns Hopkins University, Consultative Group on Biological St. Petersburg,  Department of Political Science, Diversity,  John F. Kennedy School of  Exploratorium,  Government,  Consumers International,  Jones, Edward P.,  John F. Kennedy School of Coordinación Nacional de Mujeres F Government, Carr Center for Joshi, Sushma,  de Organizaciones Civiles por Human Rights Policy,  un Milenio Feminista,  Federal Ministry of Justice,  JSTOR,  School of Public Health,  Cornell University, Cornell Federation of American Scientists Justice Development and Laboratory of Ornithology,  Fund,  Hemon, Aleksandar,  Peace Commission, Catholic Dicoese of Ondo, Nigeria,  Corporation for Enterprise Federation of Obstetric and Henry L. Stimson Center,  Justice Policy Institute,  Development,  Gynecological Societies of Heritage College,  India,  Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission, Council of Juvenile Correctional Hispanics in Philanthropy,  Administrators,  Fedorenko, Vasilii Arsenievich,   Horizons Community Services, Juvenile Justice Initiative,  Council on Competitiveness,  Felaliev, Akramsho Saidshoevich,  Center on Halsted,  Juvenile Law Center,  Council on Foundations,  Field Museum,  Housing Assistance Council,  Firsov, Boris Maksimovich,  Housing Choice Partners,  K D Florida Atlantic University Housing Partnership Network,  Dartmouth Medical School, Foundation, Center for Urban Kamm, John,  and Environmental Solutions,  Human Rights First,  Department of Community and Kardinskaia, Svetlana Vladlenovna, Family Medicine,  Forum of Regional Associations of Human Services Coalition of  Grantmakers,  Dade County,  Defender Association of Karpenko, Oksana Vladislavovna,  Philadelphia, Northeast Juvenile Fund Konstituzia,  Hurst, Heather,  Defender Center,  Kashim, Ima Arit,  Hyde Park Art Center,  DePaul University College of Law, Kavtaradze, Dmitrii Nikolaevich,  International Human Rights G Kazan Human Rights Center,  Law Institute,  Garba, Ibrahim Yohanna,  I DeRisi, Joseph,  Kharkov Center for Gender Garipov, Iagfar Zakirovich,  Il’in, Vladimir Ivanovich,  Studies,  di Maio, Alessandra,  George Washington University,  Iliya, Yahuza Mohammed,  Kharshiladze, Makvala Iosifovna,  Dirin, Denis Aleksandrovich,  George Washington University, Illinois Facilities Fund,  Khristoforova, Olga Borisovna,  Doctors Without Borders USA,  National Health Policy Forum, Independent Sector,   Kiev Ecological and Cultural Donors Forum of Chicago, Independent Television Service,  Center,   Girls’ Power Initiative, Nigeria,  Independent World Television,  Koller, Daphne,  Dos’e na Tsenzuru,  Global Commission on International Migration,  Institute for Human Koslowski, Rey,  Drake, William J.,  Development,  Global Health and Awareness Kuchvalskaia, Irina Viktorovna,  Durrell Wildlife Conservation Research Foundation,  Institute of Human Rights and Kuhner-Quiroz, Gretchen,  Trust,  Humanitarian Law,  Global Health Council,  Dzhalabadze, Natiia Georgievna,  Instituto de Liderazgo Simone de Golunov, Sergey V.,  Beauvoir,  Dzhaniashvili, Lavrenti Mamievich, 

Index to Grants Authorized  L Melish, Tara J.,  National Women’s Law Center,  P Lahav, Gallya,  Meniailo, Oleg Vladimirovich,  Natural Heritage Institute,  Panin, Stanislav Evgenievich,  Lake Worth West Resident Mental Health Association of Natural Resources Defense Partners in Community Planning Group,  Pennsylvania,  Council,  Development Fiji,  Lakefront Supportive Housing,  Metro Chicago Information Nature Conservancy, The, ,  Pathfinder International,  Center,  Lance-Onyeiwu, Maureen,  Nautilus Institute for Security and Pennsylvania Department of Public Metropolitan Alliance of Sustainable Development,  Welfare,  Landau Network-Centro Volta, Congregations,  Centro Di Cultura Scientifica Nazarova, Inna Borisovna,  Perm Regional Human Rights Alessandro Volta,  Metropolitan Area Research Center,  Corporation,  Neighborhood Funders Group,  Latin American Studies Association, Pestov, Mark Valentinovich,   Metropolitan Planning Council,  Nelson, Robert,  Pfaff, Judy,  Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Mikhailiuk, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Neumann, Klaus,  Rights Under Law,   Philadelphia Department of New School University Human Services,  League of Chicago Theatres,  Misericordia Heart of Mercy,  Community Development Philadelphia Family Court,  League of Women Voters MITACOM Foundation for Research Center,  Philanthropic Research,  Education Fund,  the Development of Social Graduate Faculty of Political and Responsibility,  Legal Community Against Social Science,  Physicians for Human Rights,  Violence,  Monehin, Joseph Olumuyiwa, New York University Ploughshares Fund,  ,  Legal Defence and Assistance Center on International Polivanova, Marina Mikhailovna,  Project,  Monusova, Galina Alekseevna,  Cooperation,  Popov, Vladimir Andreevich,  Leonard, Naomi Ehrich,  Mootha, Vamsi,  Steinhardt School of Education, Population Council, , ,  Letra S, Sida, Cultura y Vida Morton Arboretum,   Cotidiana,  Pospelova, Olga Viacheslavovna,  Moscow School of Social and Nigeria Higher Education Library of Congress, Congressional Economic Sciences,  Foundation,  Prieto, Gabriela Diaz,  Research Service,  Mothers in Defense of the Rights Nigeria Police Force,  Princeton University,  Lindsey, Tommie,  of Those Arrested, Under Nikitina, Bela Anatolievna,  Project Match,  Investigation and Convicted,  Living Cities: National Community Nikolaeva, Ianina Gennadievna,  Project on Government Development Initiative,  Murzaev, Salikh Kadyrbekovich,  Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oversight,  Local Initiatives Support Musin, Aleksandr Evgenievich,  Non-Governmental Project Pericles,  Corporation,  Organization “Committee Project Ploughshares,  London Metropolitan University, Against Torture,”  N European Human Rights Northeastern Illinois Planning Protestants for the Common Advocacy Centre,  Naboka, Marina Vasilievna,  Commission, ,  Good,  Lopatin, Evgenii Valerievich,  Naidenko, Sergei Valerievich,  Northlight Theatre,  Public Broadcasting Service,  Los’, Viktor Aleksandrovich,  National Academy of Sciences, Northwestern University School Public Knowledge,  Loyola University of Chicago, Computer Science and of Law,  Child and Family Law Center, Telecommunications Board,  Northwestern University, Institute Q  National Affordable Housing Trust, for Policy Research,  Lustgarten, Abrahm,   Queen’s University Belfast, Novorossiisk City Charitable NGO Research and Regional National Asian Pacific American “FRODO,”  Services,  Legal Consortium,  M Nuclear Threat Initiative,  National Campaign to Prevent Maciejko, Anna,  Teen Pregnancy,  Nueve Lunas,  R Mahila SEWA Trust,  National Committee for Nwagwu, Williams Ezinwa,  RARE Center for Tropical Responsive Philanthropy,  Conservation,  Mahonia na Dari,  National Community Capital O Ravinia Festival,  Mamta-Health Institute for Mother Association,  and Child,  Odeku, Mojisola Aderonke,  Red de Salud de las Mujeres National Community Investment Latinoamericanas y del Marie Stopes Mexico,  Fund,  Olayemi, David Olanrewaju,  Caribe,  Marine Aquarium Council,  National Council of Juvenile and Olimova, Saodat Kuzievna,  Red Nacional de Organismos Markedonov, Sergei Miroslavovich, Family Court Judges,  Olszewska, Zuzanna,  Civiles de Derechos Humanos,  “Todos los Derechos para National Council of La Raza, Omo-Aghoja, Lawrence,  Todos,”  Martinez, Rueben,  Policy Analysis Center,  OneWorld International Reef Check Foundation,  Marynich, Oksana Viktorovna,  National Human Rights Foundation,  Commission,  Refugees International,  Masco, Joseph,  Openlands Project,  National Opinion Research Center, Regional Business Alliance,  Mavroudi, Maria,  at the University of Chicago,  Oucho, J.O.,  Reinvestment Fund, The,  Media and Policy Center National Partnership for Women Oyebola, Christy Bolanle,  Foundation,  and Families,  Research Center “REGION,” 

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Riabova, Tatiana Borisovna,  Syracuse University,  University of Hamburg, Research World Resources Institute,  Center Biotechnology, Society Riazanova, Tatiana Vasilievna,  Maxwell School of Citizenship and Environment,  World Wide Fund for Nature and Public Affairs,  Richard H. Driehaus University of Ibadan,  Madagascar and West Indian Foundation,  Syrtypova, Surun-Khanda Ocean Programme Office,  Dashinimaevna,  University of Illinois at Chicago, Ritinjali,  College of Education,  South Pacific Programme,  Robinson, Aminah,  University of Illinois at Urbana - World Wildlife Fund,  T Robinson, Reginald R.,  Champaign,  World Wildlife Fund - Canada,  Taleat-Abayomi, Sherifat,  Rogowski, Cheryl,  University of Maryland WorldFish Center,  Tany Meva Foundation,  Foundation, Center for Romanov, Pavel Vasilievich,  International & Security Wright, C. D.,  Theriot, Julie,  Rostov Center for International Systems,  Defense,  Topchina, Arzhana Petrovna,  University of Michigan, ,  Y Royal Government of Bhutan, Tsepilova, Olga Dmitrievna,  University of Minnesota, Institute Ministry of Agriculture,  Yale University, Center for the Tsinghua University Institute of of Child Development,  Study of Globalization,  International Studies,  University of Nottingham School Youth Law Center,  S Tskhovrebashvili, Irina Shotaevna, of Law, Human Rights Law  Centre,  Youth, Adolescent, Reflection and Sadovskaia, Elena Iurievna,  Action Center,  Tubanova, Dolgor Iampilovna,  University of the Pacific, Salakhatdinova, Leisan Nailevna,  McGeorge School of Law,  Tufts University, Feinstein Sangath,  International Famine Center,  University of Pennsylvania,  Z Sanskriti Pratishthan,  Tulane University Health Sciences University of Port Harcourt,  Zaitsev, Vitalii Anatolievich,  Sargent Shriver National Center on Center,  University of Queensland, Centre Poverty Law,  for Marine Studies,  Savva, Mikhail Valentinovich,  U University of the South Pacific, ,  SeaWeb,  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural University of Southern California, Secretariat of the Pacific Annenberg Center for Community,  Organization, World Heritage Centre,  Communication,  Sherwood Conservatory of Music, University of Texas, University  United Nations Environment Programme, Caribbean Regional of Texas Press,  Shumilova, Elena Alekseevna,  Coordinating Unit,  University of Washington, Sin Fronteras,  United Nations Population Fund, Information School,  Sistema Nacional de Promocion y  Urban Gateways,  Capacitacion en Salud Sexual,  United Nations, Secretary-General’s Smith, Amy,  High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change,  V Smithsonian Institution,  University of Antananarivo, Vengerov, Petr Dmitrievich,  Sokolov, Mikhail Mikhailovich,  Faculty of Sciences,  Victory Gardens Theater,  Soloviev, Sergei Aleksandrovich,  University of British Columbia, Vinogradova, Tatiana Nikolaevna, LIU Institute for Global Issues,  Sound Portraits Productions,   Voices for Illinois Children,  South Florida Regional Resource University of California, Berkeley Center,  Volkova, Irina Ivanovna,  Institute of Industrial Relations, South Pacific Regional  Environment Program,  Institute of Urban and Regional W Southern Wave Creative Union,  Development,  Wetlands International-Oceania,  Spener, David,  University of California, Los Angeles, Neuropsychiatric WGBH Educational Foundation, Stanford University, Center for  Research on the Context of Institute Health Services Teaching,  Research Center,  Wildlife Conservation Society, ,  Stateway Community Partners,  University of Chicago Press,  WNET Channel 13,  Stichting Institute for International University of Chicago Criminal Investigations Center for Urban School Women of the Don Region,  Foundation,  Improvement,  Women’s Global Health Imperative, Student Pugwash,  David and Alfred Smart University of California, San Francisco,  Supreme Court of Nigeria,  Museum of Art,  Working Group for Safe Sutiazhnik Public Association,  School of Social Service Administration,  Motherhood in Chiapas,  University of Colorado World Bank, International Bank at Boulder,  for Reconstruction and Development, 

Index to Grants Authorized  Board Member, – Foundation President, – Board Chair, –

Dr. John E. Corbally October 14, 1924 – July 23, 2004

September 16, 2004 institution navigate the many His was a steady leadership, challenges of its formative rooted in bedrock integrity, Memorial Resolution in honor of years. Under his presidency comfort with challenges large Dr. John E. Corbally the Foundation negotiated the and small, immense talent for complexities of converting John building institutions, and prac- The Board of Directors of MacArthur’s real estate and tical wisdom combined with the John D. and Catherine T. business holdings into assets that uncompromising loyalties. Jack MacArthur Foundation expresses could be used to support the Corbally had a gift for forging its deep sorrow at the death new foundation’s mission. Many the agreement needed to move of its founding president, long- of the major philanthropic forward on an issue, ensuring time chair, and honored friend, strategies of the Foundation, that all points of view were John E. Corbally. The board including its commitment to the heard and considered while on extends its sympathy to his fields of mental health, commu- a sure path to a firm consensus. wife, Marguerite, and to their nity development, conservation, All his endeavors were marked children and grandchildren. international peace and security, by a distinctive sense of humor, The history of the MacArthur population, public interest media, warmth, and compassion. Foundation and Jack Corbally’s creativity, and human rights, Jack Corbally was a person service to it are closely inter- can be traced to decisions made of extraordinary depth, who twined. He was elected to during his tenure as president. helped instill in the MacArthur the board of directors of the Jack Corbally came to Foundation its faith in indivi- Foundation in  and served MacArthur after a distinguished dual potential, respect for insti- for  years. In  he became career in higher education, tutions, and skeptical optimism the first president of the serving as vice president and about the future. He will be Foundation, retiring from that provost of The Ohio State deeply missed. position in . He continued University, president and chan- as a member of the board, cellor of Syracuse University, Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot serving as chair from  until and president of the University Chair of the Board retiring in . of Illinois. It has been said The seminal figure in the that as an administrator he Jonathan F. Fanton Foundation’s first quarter- was a person who knew what President century, Jack Corbally brought he wanted and always had a the grace and the steady hand plan to get there, that he under- Arthur M. Sussman of a person comfortable in the stood the ways in which large Secretary role of leader. He helped the organizations, properly run, could help individuals improve their lives.

 The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Photography Credits The MacArthur Commitment The Foundation is committed to ensuring that grant-seekers, p. , Corinne Dufka grantees, and others of the public have access to clear and up- p. , Timothy Hursley to-date information about the Foundation and its grantmaking p. , Christopher Weil p. , Michael Tropea, courtesy of Donald Young Gallery programs, and are treated with fairness and professional courtesy. To this end we are committed to providing:

Should you feel that you have not been treated professionally at any time, please note the procedures for bringing a complaint to the attention of the Foundation, which immediately follow.

Our Commitment to Fairness and Courtesy If you feel that you have not been treated with fairness and professional courtesy, you are invited to bring your concern to the pertinent staff member, the vice-president in charge of the program or area, or to the president. Alternatively, a senior staff person has been designated to receive and address concerns about our process. He is John Hurley, Secretary of the Foundation. His direct phone is (312) 920-6252, and his e-mail address is [email protected]. John Hurley will ensure that the matter is understood and addressed, where appropriate, by relevant Foundation staff and will report back to the concerned person. If asked, he will keep conﬁdential the name and organization of the person submitting the feedback. Please note that John Hurley’s role does not extend to providing a second venue for the appeal of decisions about grant proposals. It is the program staff, including program ofﬁcers, directors, vice presidents, and the president, who decide the substantive merit of proposed projects, and it is the program staff who decide whether to reconsider a proposal, About the cover: once declined. This “portrait of a protein” reflects the research of Jane S. Richardson, a biochemistry We hope this additional way of registering concerns about professor at Duke University and a 1985 MacArthur Fellow. Richardson has been a our adherence to professional standards will be useful. pioneer in the development of techniques for molecular visualization, first with physical models and more recently on computers. This image, rendered with software written in collaboration with her husband David, depicts the three-dimensional structure of an important enzyme known as ribonuclease A. Abstracting individual amino acids into the geometric relationships they form with their neighbors, such as helices (gold) and sheets (teal-green), allows scientists to visualize more readily the relationship between structure and function for large, complex biological molecules such as enzymes. Jane Richardson is one of 682 Fellows named since the Foundation created the MacArthur Fellows Program in 1981. To mark the 25th year of the program, this annual report showcases the work of five Fellows on the cover and divider pages. The backs of the dividers include a list of all Fellows named since the program’s inception. Produced by Lipman Hearne, Chicago/Washington h onD n ahrn .McrhrFudto D. John The T.Catherine Foundation and MacArthur

The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

140 South Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 USA Report on on Activities Report 2004

2 0 0 4 REPORT ON ACTIVITIES