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Pharasiot Greek Word Order and Clause Structure

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Pharasiot Greek Word Order and Clause Structure Pharasiot Greek Pharasiot Word order and clause structure and clause order Word Pharasiot Greek Word order and clause structure Metin Bağrıaçık Metin Ba Metin Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Taalkunde - Grieks ğ rıaçık Universiteit Gent Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Vakgroep Taalkunde Pharasiot Greek Word order and clause structure Metin Bagrıaçık˘ Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Taalkunde – Grieks 2018 Nederlandse vertaling: Farasiotisch Grieks: woordvolgorde en zinsstructuur Cover image: Declaration of property certified to Konstantinos Konstantinidis from Pharasa by the Hellenic Republic, Directorate-General for the Population Exchange (January 4, 1925). Courtesy of Andreas Konstantinidis Universiteit Gent Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Vakgroep Taalkunde Afdelingen Latijn & Grieks Blandijnberg 2, B-9000 Gent, België Tel.: +32-9-264.40.26 Promotor: Prof. dr. Mark Janse Co-promotoren: Prof. dr. Liliane Haegeman dr. Lieven Danckaert Decaan: Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector: Prof. dr. Rik Van de Walle This research was financially supported by het Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (the Research Foundation – Flanders) #FWO13/ASP/010 to those who were forced from their μελμεκέτι to their πατρίδα... Μεμλεκέτ! Νέ κι˙ ουζὲλ κελιμέ! ˇ Νέ ἀζὶζ σόζ!Νέ μουπαρὲκ˙ λογάτ. Χέλε μεμλεκετὲ μουχαπ˙ πέτ˙ ! ;Ι στὲ˙ πουνδὰν˙ πογι˙ οὺκ φαζηλέτ, ˇ πουνδὰν˙ οὐλοῦ μερὰμ βὲ μαξὰτ ὀλάμαζ... Κάλφογλους,Ι.Η. 1899. Μικρά Ασία κητασηνήν ταριχιέ δζαγραφιασή, 5. Acknowledgments Those who have experienced being a PhD student may agree that writing a doctoral dissertation is indeed a task of herculean proportions and that a successful completion of it requires people who, despite your failures, maintain confidence in you and keep on providing you with constant support. I feel very lucky for having been surrounded by many such individuals. I hope that this dissertation will partly repay their patience, help and confidence. I would like to thank my advisory board first: Mark Janse, Lieven Danckaert, and Liliane Haegeman. From the moment he picked me up years ago at the train station, Mark has always been a completely supportive and enthusiastic advisor of all my projects—linguistic and non-linguistic. Without his help in bringing me to Belgium and supporting me throughout these years, this dissertation could not have even been imagined. I feel very honored for having Mark as my advisor, but more importantly, for being able to call him a friend. Thank you, Mark, for being there for me at all times! I do not have enough vocabulary to express my gratitude to Lieven, who has put up with my unpunctuality in submitting numerous drafts of papers and handouts, which, in most cases, were no more than sheer streams of consciousness. If this work has materialized as a decent dissertation, it is thanks to Lieven’s patience and meticulous work on earlier incarnations of some chapters. Thank you, Lieven, for sharing the breadth and depth of your knowledge! I would like to give truly heartfelt thanks to Liliane, who has been a source of constant encouragement and support, and who spent uncountable hours providing me with extensive feedback and channeling my enthusiasm to fertile planes. Liliane has been and will always be a role model for me for how to do proper science. Thank you, Lililane, for showing me “the right” way! Next, special thanks go to the jury members—Anne Breitbarth, Adam Ledgeway and Ianthi Maria Tsimpli—for their very helpful remarks on the dissertation. I would also like to thank Stef Slembrouck and Karen De Clercq for kindly undertaking the administrative work for my defense. The opportunity to be a would-be linguist at Ghent University has always been a privilege, both on an academic and a recreational plane. Of all these people in Ghent, i ii I would like to thank my present and past colleagues in the Greek linguistics sec- tion first: Klaas Bentein, Julie Boeten, Filip De Decker, Isabelle de Meyer, Delphine Nachtergaele, Jorie Soltic, Joanne Vera Stolk, and Samuel Zakowski. It has always been fun to share lovely lunch and coffee breaks and to exchange ideas about all lev- els of life with you. Then, there was the legendary GIST team, of course. I thank each of its members that I could meet—Lobke Aelbrecht, Linda Badan, Lena Baunaz, Li- isa Buelens, Jaehoon Choi, Tijs D’Hulster, Ciro Greco, Will Harwood, Eric Lander, Dong-yi Lin, Rachel Nye, Trang Phan, Amélie Rocquet, Sasha Simonenko, Aleksan- dra Vercauteren and Andrew Weir—for providing me with very helpful comments on my work as well as for sharing wonderful moments outside linguistics. Cynthia Amy Johnson, Paul Michael Kurtz, Hugo Salgado, Eline Scheerlinck, Sigríður Sæunn Sigurðardóttir and Elisabeth Witzenhausen were constant sources of joy and support during their presence in Ghent. I am grateful to each of them for numerous moments of laughter and joy! I am also most grateful to Cindy Johnson for kindly, patiently and meticulously proofreading a great deal of what I have written in this dissertation. Thanks are also due to Els De Loor, Valérie Bouckaert, Gitte Callaert and Peter De Smet for rendering the research a lot easier with their help with books and computers. Outside Ghent, I must thank all those wonderful people in my “second home”, Patras. If I could continue with linguistics, and not with, say, numbers or yarns, it is thanks to Angela Ralli and Argiris Archakis, who let me come to University of Patras for my MA in the first place. I have been and always will be grateful to especially Angela Ralli for being there for me at every troublesome moment. Many thanks are due to the other linguists that I met in Patras, especially to Marios Andreou, Katerina Frangopoulou, Marianna Gkiouleka, Nikos Koutsoukos, Michalis Marinis, Dimitra Melissaropoulou and Christos Papanagiotou. This dissertation has also benefited a lot from Christos Vlachos’ and Anna Roussou’s many insightful comments and help with the bibliography that would otherwise have gone unnoticed. Although I was there for a short time, working in the intellectual environment of Ca’Foscari University of Venice was a great experience. Of all the people I met there, I would like to express my gratitude first to Guglielmo Cinque. Guglielmo kindly spent endless hours discussing with me on the then puzzling data on relative clauses and provided me with countless insightful comments on the data. I feel the pain that I eventually decided not to include those data in this dissertation but I promise I will go back to them as soon as possible. Roland Hinterhölzl was very supportive to me in Venice and taught me a lot on topichood and relative clauses. Thanks are also due to the lovely people who made me feel at home: Konstantina Balasi, Chiara De Bastiani, Lucio De Capitani, Vincenzo Nicolò Di Caro, Silvia Sculason D’Ortenzio, Fabiana Fazzi, and all the lovely people of Ragusei. Several other people had a direct or an indirect influence on much of this disser- iii tation as well. Among all those people, I would like to thank especially Isa˙ Kerem Bayırlı, Jan Casalichio, Patrizia Cordin, Silvio Cruschina, Ophelie Gandon, Hélène Gérardin, Aslı Göksel, Güliz Güne¸s,Brian Joseph, Beste Kamalı, Petros Karatsar- eas, Lena Karvovskaya, Jaklin Kornfilt, Marika Lekakou, Io Manolessou, Theodore Markopoulos, Nicola Munaro, Nicolaos Neocleous, Ergin Öpengin, Ioanna Sitaridou and Stavros Skopeteas. Some of them may not have noticed but I have benefited a lot from both their academic and non-academic advice. Now to the real locomotives of this dissertation: It would have simply been im- possible to write this dissertation without the help of the native speakers of Pharasiot Greek, who, from the very first moment on, showed greater enthusiasm to my work than mine. To all these fantastic people: thank you all so much for sharing your lan- guage with me! I thank especially Eirini Platania for her eagerness to provide me with more and more data. More importantly, however, I must thank Andreas Kon- stantinidis. If I have to single out one name as the responsible for this dissertation, I think it is him. It was Andreas who invited me to Vathylakkos even without having seen my face before, who encouraged me to look at Pharasiot Greek and who got me in contact with the last speakers of the dialect. No matter what I do, I will never express how grateful I am to you, Andreas. Thank you for being such a great friend. I am also grateful to Andreas’ lovely family for hosting me very kindly every time I visited Vathylakkos and to all the wonderful people in the village with whom I spent delightful moments. Thanks are also due to Konstantinos Kalaitzidis, who has kindly met me in Platy and got me in contact with the speakers there. Finally, thanks from the bottom of my heart to my parents, Salih and Sabiha. They may not have completely understood what I tried to do all these years yet they surely continued carving me into what I am now, without a single moment of hesitation. I love you both dearly. And last, infinite thanks to Sofie, for always being there with a smile when all else failed. All inadequacies are my own. Metin Bagrıaçık˘ December 12, 2017 Contents Acknowledgments i List of Abbreviations xiii List of Figures xvii List of Tables xix Summary in English xxi Samenvatting in het Nederlands xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Aims and scope of the dissertation ................... 1 1.2 PhG in the dialectological context of Asia Minor ........... 2 1.2.1 AMG .............................. 2 1.2.2 The genetic classification of AMG dialects .......... 3 1.3 The members of the AMG dialect group ................ 6 1.3.1 Cappadocian .........................
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