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Syntactic Category: Noun Phrase A CODING SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING STUDENTS' PRODUCTIVE ENGLISH Gerald P. Berent, Ph.D. Department of Research Paula M. Brown, Ph.D. Chairperson, Department of Speech and Language Brenda H. Whitehead, M.A., CCC-SP Department of Speech and Language National Technical Institute for the Deaf Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, New York, U.S.A. Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 2 CODING SYSTEM CATEGORIES PRODUCTION TYPE SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: COMPLEMENTIZER PHRASE INFLECTIONAL PHRASE VERB PHRASE DETERMINER PHRASE NOUN PHRASE ADJECTIVE PHRASE QUANTIFIER PHRASE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE CONJUNCTION GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES SENTENCE AND VERB TYPES SEMANTIC RELATIONS INFORMATION STRUCTURE DISCOURSE PROCESSES: ORGANIZATION COHESION PERSPECTIVE RHETORICAL DEVICES MECHANICS AND PUNCTUATION Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 3 PRODUCTION TYPE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation S(UCC) Success Successful production E Error Unsuccessful production A Addition Superfluous addition O Omission Erroneous omission REP Repair Repaired production REV Revision Revised production AMB Ambiguous Ambiguous formation VAG Vague Vague expression FRAG Fragment Sentence fragment UGR Ungrammatical Ungrammatical formation U Utterance Turn taken (spoken/signed) or sentence (written) W Word Lexical item PHR Phrase Syntactic phrase CLS Clause Finite or nonfinite clause WO Word order Order of words in a sentence INV Inversion Inversion of two constituents WC Word choice Appropriate lexical item MOR Morphology Morphological form STX Syntax Syntactic structure SEM Semantics Word meaning or sentence interpretation DISC Discourse Discourse function Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 4 SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: COMPLEMENTIZER PHRASE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation CP Complementizer Clausal structure Phrase COMP Complementizer that, if, for + clause AUX Auxiliary verb be, have, do DO DO-support do in questions, negatives MOD Modal verb will, can, must, should YNQ Yes-no question Did you see me? WHQ WH-question Who did you see? WHP WH-phrase which book, whose friend WH WH-word who, which, whose, where EWH Embedded WH- (They told us) what they wanted clause RC Relative clause NP who I know RPRO Relative pronoun who, which, whose PPL Participle (clause) VERB-ing + clause (modifier) THAT THAT-clause that + finite clause Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 5 SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: INFLECTIONAL PHRASE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation IP Inflectional Phrase Inflectional portion of the clause INF Infinitive to + VERB AGR Agreement 3rd person agreement: -s TNS Tense Characterizes finite verb phrase PRS Present tense (We) take (an English course) PST Past tense (We) took (an English course) ASP Aspect progressive or perfect PROG Progressive be + VERB-ing PERF Perfect have + VERB-en NEG Negative not Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 6 SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: VERB PHRASE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation VP Verb Phrase Lexical portion of Inflectional Phrase V Verb Head of VP PHRV Phrasal verb put on, get away, put up with SEP Separable phrasal put (them) on, look (it) over verb NSEP Nonseparable go over (them), get on (it) phrasal verb VCP Verb complement that-, if-, infinitive clause SC Small clause (they saw) him steal the car Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 7 SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: DETERMINER PHRASE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation DP Determiner Phrase The larger "noun phrase" D Determiner Demonstrative, article, pronoun DEM Demonstrative this, that pronoun ART Article the, a, an DEF Definite article the INDF Indefinite article a, an NUM Number agreement this book, these books, boys…they SG Singular book PL Plural books PRO Personal pronoun I, you, he, she, it, they RFLX Reflexive pronoun myself, herself, themselves RCPR Reciprocal pronoun each other, one another GND Gender agreement boy…his, girl…her PERS Person agreement we…our, I…mine CASE Subject/object case I/me, he/him, she/her, they/them POSS Possessive -'s, his, her, our IT Filler IT it (seems to be true) EXP Expletive THERE there (seems to be a problem) GER Gerund (Clause) VERB-ing + clause (argument) Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 8 SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: NOUN PHRASE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation NP Noun Phrase Nominal part of DP N Noun book, happiness CNT Count noun (two) chairs MASS Mass noun (some) furniture COLL Collective noun committee NCP Noun complement (fear) of heights, (news) that they were arrested, (confidence) in them SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: ADJECTIVE PHRASE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation AP Adjective Phrase Modifier of NP ADJ Adjective happy, blue, sarcastic INT Intensifier very, so ACP Adjective (fond) of apples, (confident) that they complement will pass, (likely) to fail Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 9 SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: ADVERB PHRASE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation ADVB Adverb quickly, sometimes, soon PLC Placement Placement of adverbs or adverbial phrases SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: QUANTIFIER PHRASE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation QP Quantifier Phrase Expresses quantity Q Quantifier many, all, a few, three SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation PP Prepositional Phrase Preposition + DP P Preposition in, above, in front of Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 10 SYNTACTIC CATEGORY: CONJUNCTION Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation CONJ Coordinating and, but, or, so conjunction SBRD Subordinating when, after, while, because, if, conjunction although CONN Connective however, nevertheless, on the other hand GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation SBJ Subject The student (bought a car) DO Direct object (The student bought) a car IO Indirect object (The company bought) John (a car) OPRP Object of (They took the book from) John preposition SCPL Subject complement (They left the room) happy OCPL Object complement (They left the room) a mess CPL Complement Object clause or phrase associated with a particular predicate ARG Argument Obligatory sentence constituent (subject, complement) AJCT Adjunct Optional sentence constituent (prepositional phrase of time/place) Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 11 MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation MRPH Morpheme Stem or affix NFL Inflectional Morphemes that serve grammatical functions (-s, -ed, -ing) DER Derivational Morphemes that derive new words (pre-, -ful, -able) PRE Prefix un-, re-, dis-, anti- SUF Suffix -ment, -tion, -ed, -ing CPD Compound bookshelf, air conditioner CPR Comparative -er, more + ADJ SPL Superlative -est, most + ADJ REG Regular verb play-played-played IRR Irregular verb see-saw-seen WCLS Word class Part of speech required by the syntax CNCR Concrete noun hand, table, ice ABST Abstract noun love, honor, success IDM Idiom Nonliteral expression (flipped his wig) MET Metaphor Metaphorical expression Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 12 SENTENCE AND VERB TYPES Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation SIM Simple sentence They passed the test CPD Compound sentence They studied but they failed the test CPLX Complex sentence They passed because they studied COND Conditional If you study, you will succeed sentence IND Indicative A sentence that makes a statement SBJN Subjunctive (I suggested that he) take (the course) INTG Interrogative A sentence that asks a question TRN Transitive (The student) bought a book INTR Intransitive (They) were sleeping COP Copular (They) are (students) DIT Ditransitive (I gave) the student a book ACT Active (They) took (the exam) PAS Passive (The exam) was taken GET GET passive (Our car) got stolen ERG Ergative (The ship) sank UNAC Unaccusative appear, fall, happen UNER Unergative walk, talk, sing MID Middle (These floors) wax (easily) Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 13 SEMANTIC RELATIONS Symbol Description Form/Structure/Explanation AG Agent The "doer" of an action PAT Patient The "undergoer" of an action THM Theme The nonhuman entity that undergoes an action or changes state EXPR Experiencer The experiencer of a mental activity or psychological state INST Instrument The thing with which an action is carried out SRC Source The location from which an action originates GOAL Goal The location to which an action is directed BEN Benefactive The entity for whose benefit an action is carried out TIME Time The time or duration of an action LOC Location The location of an action Copyright © 2002 Rochester Institute of Technology, All Rights Reserved G. P. Berent, P. M. Brown, & B. H. Whitehead 14 INFORMATION STRUCTURE Symbol
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