DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Seed School

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Seed School FEDERAL SEED SCHOOL SEED PURITY AND IDENTIFICATION HANDOUTS August 5 – 7, 2013 USDA, AMS, LPS Seed Regulatory and Testing Division 801 Summit Crossing Place, Suite C Gastonia, North Carolina 28054 704-810-8870; fax 704-852-4189 http://www.ams.usda.gov/seed FEDERAL SEED SCHOOL August 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page USDA, AMS Seed Regulatory and Testing Division – Personnel and Areas of Responsibility .... 1 USDA Publications and Helpful Internet Sites ............................................................................... 2-3 PURITY AND SEED IDENTIFICATION Some possible sources of non-uniformity in test results .................................................................. 4-5 Grass Family Structural Features .................................................................................................... 6 Grass Seed Structures ..................................................................................................................... 7-9 Seed Terms and Shapes .................................................................................................................. 10 References in Federal Seed Act Regulations regarding seed units and pure seed in grasses ......... 11 Understanding Grass Family Seed Units, by D.J. Meyer ............................................................... 12-22 Agropyron spp. Nomenclature Changes ......................................................................................... 23-24 Wheatgrasses and Quackgrass Comparison of Seed Characteristics .............................................. 25-31 Wildrye Nomenclature and Seed Characteristics ........................................................................... 32-35 Agrostis Seed Characteristics ......................................................................................................... 36-39 Alopecurus Spikelet Characteristics ............................................................................................... 40-41 Andropogon, Bluestem, Seed Key ................................................................................................. 42-43 Avena, Seed Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 44 Bouteloua, Gramagrass, Seed Key ................................................................................................. 45-46 Bromus Seed Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 47-56 Cynodon Seed Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 57-63 Echinochloa Seed Characteristics .................................................................................................. 64 Festuca and Lolium Seed Characteristics ...................................................................................... 65-66 Paspalum Key and Seed Characteristics ........................................................................................ 67-71 Poa Seed Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 72-77 Setaria Nomenclature and Seed Characteristics ............................................................................. 78-81 Sorghum Nomenclature and Seed Characteristics ........................................................................... 82 Urochloa Nomenclature and Seed Characteristics ......................................................................... 83-86 Polygonum, Rumex, and Persicaria Seed Characteristics ............................................................. 87-89 Silene Seed Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 90-92 REVISED JULY 2013 Brassica and Sinapis Nomeclature and Seed Characteristics ........................................................ 93-96 Lespedeza Seed Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 97-99 Some small-seeded legumes identification (including Medicago, Melilotus, Trifolium) ............. 100-102 Lathyrus, Pisum, and Vicia identification ................................................................................... 103-107 Solanaceae identification .............................................................................................................. 108-109 Carduus, Centaurea, and Cirsium Seed Characteristics ............................................................ 110-113 Answer keys for study sets .............................................................................................................. 114-134 REVISED JULY 2013 STAFF DIRECTORY USDA, AMS, LPS, Seed Regulatory and Testing Division 801 Summit Crossing Place, Suite C Gastonia, North Carolina 28054 Regulatory Section Phone: (704) 810-8871; Fax: (704) 852-4109 Testing Section Phone: (704) 810-8870; Fax: (704) 852-4189 Testing Section e-mail: [email protected] Web Site Address: www.ams.usda.gov/seed Director Fawad S. Shah, (704) 810-8884, [email protected] Laboratory Supervisor/Deputy Director Ernest L. Allen, (704) 810-8877, [email protected] Administrative Support Staff Marshalle Tina Jackson, Management Analyst, (704) 810-8882, [email protected] Carolyn Camidge, Office Automation Assistant, (704) 810-8870, [email protected] Agronomist Vacant Biological Science Laboratory Technicians Vacant Botanists Charlene Burton, (704) 810-8880, [email protected] Todd Erickson, (704) 810-7266, [email protected] Pattsy Jackson, (704) 810-8881, [email protected] Elizabeth Tatum, (704) 810-8873, [email protected] Anitra Walker, (704) 810-7269, [email protected] Plant Pathologist Sandra Walker, (704) 810-7268, [email protected] Plant Physiologist Yujia Wu, (704) 810-7267, [email protected] Seed Marketing Specialist (International) Vacant Seed Marketing Specialists (Regulatory) Roger Burton, (704) 810-7265, [email protected] Kevin Robinson, (704) 810-7264, [email protected] Linda Vanderhoof, (704) 810-8879, [email protected] Vacant Vacamt REVISED JULY 2013 Page | 1 AVAILABILITY OF USDA PUBLICATIONS Federal Noxious Weed Disseminules of the U.S., Edition 2 Cost: Free Amanda Redford, Identification Technology Program USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST [email protected] 2301 Research Blvd., Suite 108 Fort Collins, CO 80526 Published by USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST Author(s): Julia Scher and Deena Walters [email protected] Released April 2010 Seeds of Woody Plants in the United States USDA Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 450, By C.S. Schopmeyer, reprinted 1989. Currently out of print – but available on-line at: http://www.nsl.fs.fed.us/wpsm/index.html Identification of Crop and Weed Seeds USDA AMS Agriculture Handbook No. 219, by Albina F. Musil, reprinted 1978. Out of print; remaining copies available upon request from: USDA, AMS, L&S Program Seed Regulatory and Testing Division 801 Summit Crossing Place, Suite C Gastonia, NC 28054 (704) 810-8870 34-Plate set from Agriculture Handbook No. 30 (8x10 black and white glossy prints) Negative Nos. 19806 through 19839 The National Archives, Ed McCarter (Telephone No. 301-837-1956) E-mail: [email protected] REVISED JULY 2011 Page | 2 HELPFUL INTERNET SITES U.S. Department of Agriculture home page http://www.usda.gov/ USDA AMS L&S Seed Regulatory and Testing Division (Federal Seed Lab), Gastonia, NC http://www.ams.usda.gov/Seed Publications available from Seed Regulatory and Testing Division There is Web link for publications on http://www.ams.usda.gov/Seed USDA ARS Germplasm Resource Information Network (GRIN) nomenclature and taxonomy http://www.ars-grin.gov/ and http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/searchgrin.html USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service home page http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ USDA APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) and Noxious Weeds home page http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/index.shtml http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/weeds/index.shtml USDA APHIS Import-Export Directory http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/index.shtml USDA AMS Plant Variety Protection Office http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/PVPO There is a Web link on the above site which will take you to the USDA AMS Plant Variety Protection Office USDA Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) http://www.itis.gov/ AOSA – Association of Official Seed Analysts http://www.aosaseed.com ISTA – International Seed Testing Association http://www.seedtest.org SCST – Society of Commercial Seed Technologists http://www.seedtechnology.net/ http://www.seedtest.com/ REVISED JULY 2011 Page | 3 SOME POSSIBLE SOURCES OF NON-UNIFORMITY IN TEST RESULTS PURITY Samples not equivalent Improper sampling of the lot Non-uniformity of the lot Improper mixing and dividing of the sample in the laboratory Differences in interpretation of purity rules, especially in regard to broken seed, empty florets, multiple units, insect-damaged seed, etc. Misidentification of species Differences in classification of crop and weed seeds Improper operation of blower Variation due to moisture content of seed versus relative humidity, especially in grasses subject to blowing Errors in weighing purity separations Errors in calculation Malfunctioning equipment such as dividers, blowers, balances Use of personalized
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Ecology Iii
    SEED ECOLOGY III The Third International Society for Seed Science Meeting on Seeds and the Environment “Seeds and Change” Conference Proceedings June 20 to June 24, 2010 Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Editors: R. Pendleton, S. Meyer, B. Schultz Proceedings of the Seed Ecology III Conference Preface Extended abstracts included in this proceedings will be made available online. Enquiries and requests for hardcopies of this volume should be sent to: Dr. Rosemary Pendleton USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station Albuquerque Forestry Sciences Laboratory 333 Broadway SE Suite 115 Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 87102-3497 The extended abstracts in this proceedings were edited for clarity. Seed Ecology III logo designed by Bitsy Schultz. i June 2010, Salt Lake City, Utah Proceedings of the Seed Ecology III Conference Table of Contents Germination Ecology of Dry Sandy Grassland Species along a pH-Gradient Simulated by Different Aluminium Concentrations.....................................................................................................................1 M Abedi, M Bartelheimer, Ralph Krall and Peter Poschlod Induction and Release of Secondary Dormancy under Field Conditions in Bromus tectorum.......................2 PS Allen, SE Meyer, and K Foote Seedling Production for Purposes of Biodiversity Restoration in the Brazilian Cerrado Region Can Be Greatly Enhanced by Seed Pretreatments Derived from Seed Technology......................................................4 S Anese, GCM Soares, ACB Matos, DAB Pinto, EAA da Silva, and HWM Hilhorst
    [Show full text]
  • Taxon Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Non-Native No. of Individuals/Abundance Notes Bees Hymenoptera Andrenidae Calliop
    Taxon Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Non-native No. of individuals/abundance Notes Bees Hymenoptera Andrenidae Calliopsis andreniformis Mining bee 5 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Apis millifera European honey bee X 20 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus griseocollis Brown belted bumble bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus impatiens Common eastern bumble bee 12 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Ceratina calcarata Small carpenter bee 9 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Ceratina mikmaqi Small carpenter bee 4 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Ceratina strenua Small carpenter bee 10 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Melissodes druriella Small carpenter bee 6 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Xylocopa virginica Eastern carpenter bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Colletidae Hylaeus affinis masked face bee 6 Bees Hymenoptera Colletidae Hylaeus mesillae masked face bee 3 Bees Hymenoptera Colletidae Hylaeus modestus masked face bee 2 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Agapostemon virescens Sweat bee 7 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Augochlora pura Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Augochloropsis metallica metallica Sweat bee 2 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Halictus confusus Sweat bee 7 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Halictus ligatus Sweat bee 2 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum anomalum Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum ellissiae Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum laevissimum Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum platyparium Cuckoo sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum versatum Sweat bee 6 Beetles Coleoptera Carabidae Agonum sp. A ground beetle
    [Show full text]
  • Of Physalis Longifolia in the U.S
    The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review1 ,2 3 2 2 KELLY KINDSCHER* ,QUINN LONG ,STEVE CORBETT ,KIRSTEN BOSNAK , 2 4 5 HILLARY LORING ,MARK COHEN , AND BARBARA N. TIMMERMANN 2Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 3Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA 4Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA 5Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review. The wild tomatillo, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and related species have been important wild-harvested foods and medicinal plants. This paper reviews their traditional use as food and medicine; it also discusses taxonomic difficulties and provides information on recent medicinal chemistry discoveries within this and related species. Subtle morphological differences recognized by taxonomists to distinguish this species from closely related taxa can be confusing to botanists and ethnobotanists, and many of these differences are not considered to be important by indigenous people. Therefore, the food and medicinal uses reported here include information for P. longifolia, as well as uses for several related taxa found north of Mexico. The importance of wild Physalis species as food is reported by many tribes, and its long history of use is evidenced by frequent discovery in archaeological sites. These plants may have been cultivated, or “tended,” by Pueblo farmers and other tribes. The importance of this plant as medicine is made evident through its historical ethnobotanical use, information in recent literature on Physalis species pharmacology, and our Native Medicinal Plant Research Program’s recent discovery of 14 new natural products, some of which have potent anti-cancer activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of the Flora of New England: Fabaceae
    Angelo, R. and D.E. Boufford. 2013. Atlas of the flora of New England: Fabaceae. Phytoneuron 2013-2: 1–15 + map pages 1– 21. Published 9 January 2013. ISSN 2153 733X ATLAS OF THE FLORA OF NEW ENGLAND: FABACEAE RAY ANGELO1 and DAVID E. BOUFFORD2 Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2020 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Dot maps are provided to depict the distribution at the county level of the taxa of Magnoliophyta: Fabaceae growing outside of cultivation in the six New England states of the northeastern United States. The maps treat 172 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids, but not forms) based primarily on specimens in the major herbaria of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, with most data derived from the holdings of the New England Botanical Club Herbarium (NEBC). Brief synonymy (to account for names used in standard manuals and floras for the area and on herbarium specimens), habitat, chromosome information, and common names are also provided. KEY WORDS: flora, New England, atlas, distribution, Fabaceae This article is the eleventh in a series (Angelo & Boufford 1996, 1998, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c) that presents the distributions of the vascular flora of New England in the form of dot distribution maps at the county level (Figure 1). Seven more articles are planned. The atlas is posted on the internet at http://neatlas.org, where it will be updated as new information becomes available. This project encompasses all vascular plants (lycophytes, pteridophytes and spermatophytes) at the rank of species, subspecies, and variety growing independent of cultivation in the six New England states.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List
    UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants and a Brief History of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands
    United States Department of Agriculture Vascular Plants and a Brief Forest Service Rocky Mountain History of the Kiowa and Rita Research Station General Technical Report Blanca National Grasslands RMRS-GTR-233 December 2009 Donald L. Hazlett, Michael H. Schiebout, and Paulette L. Ford Hazlett, Donald L.; Schiebout, Michael H.; and Ford, Paulette L. 2009. Vascular plants and a brief history of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- GTR-233. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 44 p. Abstract Administered by the USDA Forest Service, the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands occupy 230,000 acres of public land extending from northeastern New Mexico into the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas. A mosaic of topographic features including canyons, plateaus, rolling grasslands and outcrops supports a diverse flora. Eight hundred twenty six (826) species of vascular plant species representing 81 plant families are known to occur on or near these public lands. This report includes a history of the area; ethnobotanical information; an introductory overview of the area including its climate, geology, vegetation, habitats, fauna, and ecological history; and a plant survey and information about the rare, poisonous, and exotic species from the area. A vascular plant checklist of 816 vascular plant taxa in the appendix includes scientific and common names, habitat types, and general distribution data for each species. This list is based on extensive plant collections and available herbarium collections. Authors Donald L. Hazlett is an ethnobotanist, Director of New World Plants and People consulting, and a research associate at the Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, CO.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Kline Assessment Report
    Site Assessment Report Lake Maxinkuckee Environmental Fund – Kline Wetland MARSHALL COUNTY, INDIANA July 31, 2009 Prepared For: Lake Maxinkuckee Environmental Fund 116 North Main Street PO Box 187 Culver, Indiana 46511 (574) 842-3686 Prepared By: 708 Roosevelt Road Walkerton, Indiana 46574 (574) 586-3400 Site Assessment Report July 31, 2009 Lake Maxinkuckee Environmental Fund – Kline Wetland, Marshall County, Indiana PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT REPORT LAKE MAXINKUCKEE ENVIRONMENTAL FUND – KLINE WETLAND TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 2.0 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 1 3.0 RESULTS ............................................................................................................. 2 3.1 GENERAL SITE DESCRIPTION ................................................................... 2 3.2 PLANT INVENTORY AND FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT ............... 2 3.3 ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES ..................................................................... 3 3.4 WILDLIFE OBSERVATIONS ......................................................................... 9 3.5 ENDANGERED, THREATENED, AND RARE SPECIES ............................ 10 3.6 FUNCTIONAL QUALITY ............................................................................. 11 3.7 LEVEE AREA .............................................................................................. 12 3.8 POTENTIAL RESULTS
    [Show full text]
  • Species List For: Labarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey
    Species List for: LaBarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/15/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/16/2006 Nels Holmberg, George Yatskievych, and Rex Plant Survey Hill 5/22/2006 Nels Holmberg and WGNSS Botany Group Plant Survey 5/6/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg, John Atwood and Others LaBarque Creek Watershed - Bryophytes Bryophte List compiled by Nels Holmberg Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg and Many WGNSS and MONPS LaBarque Creek Watershed - Vascular Plants visits from 2005 to 2016 Vascular Plant List compiled by Nels Holmberg Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha monococca (A. gracilescens var. monococca) one-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae 3 5 Acalypha rhomboidea rhombic copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 1 3 Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer negundo var. undetermined box elder Sapindaceae 1 0 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agalinis gattingeri (Gerardia) rough-stemmed gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia parviflora swamp agrimony Rosaceae 5 -1 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Agrostis elliottiana awned bent grass Poaceae/Aveneae 3 5 * Agrostis gigantea redtop Poaceae/Aveneae 0 -3 Agrostis perennans upland bent Poaceae/Aveneae 3 1 Allium canadense var.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae
    TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae.
    [Show full text]
  • Forage and Habitat for Pollinators in the Northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S
    Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forage and Habitat for Pollinators in the Northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Programs Open-File Report 2020–1037 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey A B C D E F G H I Cover. A, Bumble bee (Bombus sp.) visiting a locowood flower. Photograph by Stacy Simanonok, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). B, Honey bee (Apis mellifera) foraging on yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis). Photograph by Sarah Scott, USGS. C, Two researchers working on honey bee colonies in a North Dakota apiary. Photograph by Elyssa McCulloch, USGS. D, Purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea) against a backdrop of grass. Photograph by Stacy Simanonok, USGS. E, Conservation Reserve Program pollinator habitat in bloom. Photograph by Clint Otto, USGS. F, Prairie onion (Allium stellatum) along the slope of a North Dakota hillside. Photograph by Mary Powley, USGS. G, A researcher assesses a honey bee colony in North Dakota. Photograph by Katie Lee, University of Minnesota. H, Honey bee foraging on alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Photograph by Savannah Adams, USGS. I, Bee resting on woolly paperflower (Psilostrophe tagetina). Photograph by Angela Begosh, Oklahoma State University. Front cover background and back cover, A USGS research transect on a North Dakota Conservation Reserve Program field in full bloom. Photograph by Mary Powley, USGS. Forage and Habitat for Pollinators in the Northern Great Plains—Implications for U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Programs By Clint R.V. Otto, Autumn Smart, Robert S. Cornman, Michael Simanonok, and Deborah D. Iwanowicz Prepared in cooperation with the U.S.
    [Show full text]