Returning to Babel Jewish Latin America
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Returning to Babel Jewish Latin America Issues and Methods Edited by Raanan Rein (Tel Aviv University) Editorial Board Edna Aizenberg (Marymount Manhattan College) Judah Cohen (Indiana University) Luis Roniger (Wake Forest University) David Sheinin (Trent University) Rosalie Sitman (Tel Aviv University) VOLUME 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/jlam Returning to Babel Jewish Latin American Experiences, Representations, and Identity Edited by Amalia Ran and Jean Axelrad Cahan LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Cover illustration: Cover illustration courtesy of Mirta Kupferminc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Returning to Babel : Jewish Latin American experiences, representations, and identity / edited by Amalia Ran and Jean Axelrad Cahan. p. cm. — ( Jewish Latin America: issues and methods) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-20395-2 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Jews—Latin America—Identity. 2. Jews—Latin America—Intellectual life—21st century. 3. Jews—Latin America— Social life and customs. 4. Jews—Cultural assimilation—Latin America. 5. Social integration. 6. Latin American literature—Jewish authors—History and criticism. 7. Jewish literature— Latin America—History and criticism. I. Ran, Amalia. II. Cahan, Jean Axelrad. III. Title. IV. Series. F1419.J4R49 2012 980’.004924—dc23 2011030299 ISSN 2211-0968 ISBN 978 90 04 20395 2 Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. 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CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables .......................................................... ix Acknowledgements ..................................................................... xi List of Contributors .................................................................... xiii Introduction: Rethinking Jewish Identity in Latin America ..... 1 Amalia Ran and Jean Axelrad Cahan PART ONE JEWISH LATIN AMERICAN EXPERIENCES, PAST AND PRESENT Chapter One Jewish Latin American Historiography: The Challenges Ahead ........................................................... 17 Raanan Rein Chapter Two Educating Argentine Jews: Sephardim and Their Schools, 1920s–1960s ................................................... 33 Adriana Brodsky Chapter Three The Jewish Latin American Writer and Tradition: The Case of Sergio Chejfec ................................. 53 Sergio Waisman PART TWO JEWISHNESS AS LITERARY REPRESENTATION Chapter Four Should We Bury the Jewish Gaucho? A New Gerchunoff for the Twenty-First Century ............................. 65 Edna Aizenberg vi contents Chapter Five Hacer la América: The Diasporic Imagination in Saed’s Triple crónica de un nombre ......................................... 75 Joanna L. Mitchell Chapter Six Judaism, Sexuality, and the Nation in Francisco Goldman’s The Divine Husband ................................................ 89 Ariana Vigil PART THREE JEWISH AND LO LATINOAMERICANO IN THE ARTS Chapter Seven Borges and the Kabbalah: Pre-Texts to a Text ................................................................................. 105 Saúl Sosnowski Chapter Eight Music of the Underdog: Sociological and Musical Similarities between Muzika Mizrahit and Salsa ........ 121 Moshe Morad Chapter Nine Jewish Puberty in Contemporary Latin American Cinema: Constructing Judeo-Latinidad .................. 143 Tzvi Tal PART FOUR THE NOTION OF OTHERNESS AND THE QUESTION OF INTEGRATION Chapter Ten “The books that should not be missing in any Jewish home”: Translation as a Cultural Policy in Argentina, 1919–1938 ............................................................ 159 Alejandro Dujovne Chapter Eleven Beyond Identity: Clarice Lispector and the Ethical Transcendence of Being for the Other ..................... 179 Nelson H. Vieira contents vii Chapter Twelve Plausible Alternatives in the Jewish Argentinean Integration Game .............................................. 195 Lourdes Barranco-Cortés Chapter Thirteen Otherness in El árbol de la Gitana ............... 213 Dayana Soto y Caballero de Galicia Bibliography ................................................................................ 225 Index ........................................................................................... 237 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figures Chapter Two Map 1 ........................................................................................... 47 Chapter Seven Figure 1. La Biblioteca Infinita/The Infinite Library. Mirta Kupferminc, digital print-impresión digital, 70 × 100 cms. 2008. Image from the exhibition Borges and the Kabbalah: Seeking Access, with Saúl Sosnowski. Art Gallery, University of Maryland, 2008 ................................................ 107 Figure 2. La Escritura del Dios/The God’s Script. Mirta Kupferminc, aguafuerte, aguatinta- etching, 40 × 60 cms. 2004. Image from Borges and the Kabbalah: Paths to the Word, with Saúl Sosnowski.This image hides in its shape, the words “El Secreto” ............................................................................. 111 Figure 3. Página del libro Borges y la Cábala: Senderos del Verbo/ Page from the book Borges and the Kabbalah: Paths to the Word. Mirta Kupferminc, etching, 40 × 60 (open) cms. 2006. Page from the book with Saúl Sosnowski ............................... 114 Figure 4. Después del Golem/After the Golem. Mirta Kupferminc, digital print-impresión digital, 70 × 100 cms. 2008. Image from the exhibition Borges and the Kabbalah: Seeking Access, with Saúl Sosnowski. Art Gallery, University of Maryland, 2008 .................................................................. 117 Figure 5. Hechos de Barro/Made of Mud. Mirta Kupferminc, digital print-impresión digital, 55 × 45 cms. 2008. Image from the exhibition Borges and the Kabbalah: Seeking Access, with Saúl Sosnowski. Art Gallery, University of Maryland, 2008 ....................................................................... 119 x list of figures and tables Chapter Eight Figure 6. Album cover of Héctor Lavoe, “the king of salsa” (photo used with permission from Codigo Music/Fania Records) ................................................................................... 139 Figure 7. Album cover of Zohar Argov, “the king of muzika mizrahit” (photo used with permission from Reuveni Productions/Reuveni Brothers) ............................................... 140 Figure 8. Drumming in a religious African-Cuban ceremony in Havana (Photo: Moshe Morad, 2006) .................................... 141 Figure 9. Drumming in a Bedouin hafla in the Jordanian desert (Photo: Moshe Morad, 2008) .................................................. 142 Tables Chapter Two Adriana Brodsky, Sephardic Schools Mentioned in the Article ................................................................................ 37 Chapter Ten Alejandro Dujovne, Books Translated by Salomón Resnick ..................................................................................... 168 Alejandro Dujovne, Books Written by Salomón Resnick ..................................................................................... 170 Alejandro Dujovne, Titles Published by the Sociedad Hebraica Argentina ................................................. 172 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors would like to express sincere appreciation to the Norman and Bernice Harris Center for Judaic Studies and the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures at the University of Nebraska- Lincoln for their generous support. Both programs made possible an international symposium associated with this volume (held in Lincoln, Nebraska, in April 2009) and have sought to promote the field of Latin American Jewish studies in other ways as well. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Edna Aizenberg. Aizenberg is Professor Emeritus of Hispanic Stud- ies at Marymount Manhattan College in New York. One of the pio- neers of Latin American Jewish literary studies in the U.S., Aizenberg is Co-President of LAJSA, the Latin American Jewish Studies Asso- ciation. A renowned scholar of Jorge Luis Borges, her book The Aleph Weaver (1984; expanded Spanish ed., 1997), initiated the study of Juda- ism and the Shoah in Borges’s work. Her volumes in Latin American Jewish studies are Parricide on the Pampa? A New Study and Translation of Alberto Gerchunoff ’s Los gauchos judíos (2002), Books and Bombs in Buenos Aires: Borges, Gerchunoff and Argentine-Jewish Literature (2002; paperback ed. 2004); and together with Margalit Bejarano, the forthcoming Contempo- rary Sephardic Identity in the Americas: an Interdisciplinary Approach (Syracuse University Press). Lourdes Barranco-Cortés. Barranco-Cortés is an Argentinean native, who obtained her law degree from Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata in Corrientes, Argentina, and her Master degree from the department of Foreign Languages at the University of Nebraska- Lincoln. Barranco-Cortés was a