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Reconstructing the Population History of the Largest Tribe of India: the Dravidian Speaking Gond
European Journal of Human Genetics (2017) 25, 493–498 & 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved 1018-4813/17 www.nature.com/ejhg ARTICLE Reconstructing the population history of the largest tribe of India: the Dravidian speaking Gond Gyaneshwer Chaubey*,1, Rakesh Tamang2,3, Erwan Pennarun1,PavanDubey4,NirajRai5, Rakesh Kumar Upadhyay6, Rajendra Prasad Meena7, Jayanti R Patel4,GeorgevanDriem8, Kumarasamy Thangaraj5, Mait Metspalu1 and Richard Villems1,9 The Gond comprise the largest tribal group of India with a population exceeding 12 million. Linguistically, the Gond belong to the Gondi–Manda subgroup of the South Central branch of the Dravidian language family. Ethnographers, anthropologists and linguists entertain mutually incompatible hypotheses on their origin. Genetic studies of these people have thus far suffered from the low resolution of the genetic data or the limited number of samples. Therefore, to gain a more comprehensive view on ancient ancestry and genetic affinities of the Gond with the neighbouring populations speaking Indo-European, Dravidian and Austroasiatic languages, we have studied four geographically distinct groups of Gond using high-resolution data. All the Gond groups share a common ancestry with a certain degree of isolation and differentiation. Our allele frequency and haplotype-based analyses reveal that the Gond share substantial genetic ancestry with the Indian Austroasiatic (ie, Munda) groups, rather than with the other Dravidian groups to whom they are most closely related linguistically. European Journal of Human Genetics (2017) 25, 493–498; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2016.198; published online 1 February 2017 INTRODUCTION material cultures, as preserved in the archaeological record, were The linguistic landscape of India is composed of four major language comparatively less developed.10–12 The combination of the more families and a number of language isolates and is largely associated rudimentary technological level of development of the resident with non-overlapping geographical divisions. -
Sher Shah Suri
MODULE-3 FORMATION OF MUGHAL EMPIRE TOPIC- SHER SHAH SURI PRIYANKA.E.K ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY LITTLE FLOWER COLLEGE, GURUVAYOOR Sher Shah Suri, whose original name was Farid was the founder of the Suri dynasty. Son of a petty jagirdar, neglected by his father and ill treated by his step-mother, he very successfully challenged the authority of Mughal emperor Humayun, drove him out of India and occupied the throne of Delhi. All this clearly demonstrates his extra-ordinary qualities of his hand, head and heart. Once again Sher Shah established the Afghan Empire which had been taken over by Babur. The intrigues of his mother compelled the young Farid Khan to leave Sasaram (Bihar), the jagir of his father. He went to Jaunpur for studies. In his studies, he so distinguished himself that the subedar of Jaunpur was greatly impressed. He helped him to become the administrator of his father’s jagir which prospered by his efforts. His step-mother’s jealousy forced him to search for another employment and he took service under Bahar Khan, the ruler of South Bihar, who gave him the title of Sher Khan for his bravery in killing a tiger single-handed. But the intrigues of his enemies compelled him to leave Bihar and join the camp of Babur in 1527. He rendered valuable help to Babur in the campaign against the Afghans in Bihar. In due course, Babur became suspicious of Sher Khan who soon slipped away. As his former master Bahar Khan, the ruler of South Bihar had died, he was made the guardian and regent of the minor son of the deceased. -
CC-7: HISTORY of INDIA (C.1206-1526) PART- III BENGAL
CC-7: HISTORY OF INDIA (c.1206-1526) II. SULTANATE POLITICAL STRUCTURE (C). EMERGENCE OF PROVINCIAL DYNASTIES: BAHAMANIS, VIJAYANAGAR, GUJRAT, MALWA, JAUNPUR AND BENGAL. PART- III BENGAL Being a distant province, Bengal had always been a problematic province for the Delhi Sultanate. Though Bengal was annexed to the Delhi Sultanate, a number of times it gained independence. Bengal was the eastern most province of the Delhi Sultanate. Long distance, uncomfortable climate, poor means of transport and communication made it difficult for the Sultans of Delhi to control the province of Bengal. Bakhtiyar Khilji, one of the military commanders of the Muhammad of Ghur was the first Muslim invader who annexed Bengal and Bihar by over throwing the Sena dynasty of Bengal. After his death his successors declared independence. Later Balban, the Sultan of Delhi brought Bengal under the control of Delhi Sultanate and appointed his son Bughra Khan as the Governor of Bengal. But soon after the death of Balban his son declared Bengal as an independence province. In order to solve the problems of the province of Bengal Ghyasuddin Tughlaq divided the Bengal province into three administrative units-Lakhnauti, Satgaon, Sonargaon. The problems of the Bengal province continued after finally Bengal emerged as an independent regional state in the 14th century. The history of Bengal entered a new phase when Haji-Shamsh-ud-din Ilyas khan founded a new dynasty, the Ilyas Shahi dynasty which ruled for around 125 years up to 1538 though in phases. Haji-Shamsh-ud-din Ilyas khan unified the independent kingdom of Bengal. Besides he made incursions into Nepal and Orissa. -
Verbs in Bengali Language
VERBS IN BENGALI LANGUAGE A dissertation submitted to Assam University, Silchar in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Department of Linguistics. Roll- 042018 No - 2083100010 Registration no- 20180016655 of 2018-2019 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE ASSAM UNIVERSITY, SILCHAR 788011, INDIA YEAR OF SUBMISSION – 2020 I ● CERTIFICATE Certified that the dissertation ∕project entitled “ Verbs in Bengali Language” submitted by ROLL- 042018, NO – 2083100010, REGISTRATION NO- 20180016655 of 2018-2019 . for Masters of Arts in Linguistics. This work has been submitted previously for Master degree in Linguistics in Assam University,Silchar. It further certified that the candidate has complied with all the formalities as per the requirements of Assam University. I recommend that the dissertation may be placed before examiners for consideration of award of the degree of this university. (Asst. Professor Paramita Purkait) Name & Signature of the supervisor Department of Linguistics Assam University, Silchar II ● DECLARATION I bearing Roll– 042018, no – 2083100010, Registrationno – 20180016655 of 2018-2019 . hereby declare that the subject matter of the dissertation entitled “Verbs in Bengali Language” is the record of the work done by me. The content of this work did not form the basis for award of any degree to me or anybody else to the best of my knowledge. The project is being submitted to Assam University for the degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics. Date- 05.10.20. Place -Silchar, Assam University Candidate- Rishita Deb ` III ●ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I want to pay regards to my mother and father, I owe my indebtedness with great pleasure to my supervisor Assistant Professor Parmita Purkait, Department of Linguistics, Assam University Silchar, for giving me the opportunity to undertake this research work in the Department of Linguistics for her kind help,readily encouragement throughout and her contructive criticism to improve the various aspects of the research work. -
A ABHAŃGA 1. a Traditional Prosodic and Mould, Prevalent in The
A primary and material-cause of the universe. The world is the ABHAŃGA manifestation ( Ābhāsa ) of the supreme Reality. It is neither 1. A traditional prosodic and mould, prevalent in the the ultimate reality nor an illusion. The world is the relative devotional literature and music of Maharashtra. truth. The theory of ābhāsa-vāda of Tantra, is different from AUTHOR: RANADE A. D. Source: On music and the Pariņāma- vāda of the Sā ṁkhya and Vivartavāda of the Musicians, New Delhi, 1984. Vedānta. Same Ābhāsa- vāda is the theory of creation of the 2. A Marathi devotional song, a popular Folk song of art-forms in Śaiva-tantra. Maharashtra since 13 th Cent. A.D. The composers of these AUTHOR: PADMA SUDHI.; Source: Aesthetic theories songs tried to propound the philosophy of the Bhagavadgītā of India, Vol. III, New Delhi, 1990. and the Bhāgavata Purāņa. It is composed in Obi, a popular metre. There is no limit of the length of the song, and can be ĀBHĀSA-VĀDA sung in any rāga . It is perennial Kīrtana of God, Abhańga 1. In the absolute, the entire variety that we find in the literal meaning is a Kīrtana without break. objective world, is in a state of perfect unity, exactly as the AUTHOR: PADMA SUDHI (thereafter P. S.) whole variety of colours that we find in a full-grown 3. Ābhańga: A term of Hindu Iconography. Ābhańga is that peacock is in a state of perfect identity in the yolk of form of standing attitude in which the centre line from the peacock’s egg. -
Prout in a Nutshell Volume 4 Second Edition E-Book
SHRII PRABHAT RANJAN SARKAR PROUT IN A NUTSHELL VOLUME FOUR SHRII PRABHAT RANJAN SARKAR The pratiika (Ananda Marga emblem) represents in a visual way the essence of Ananda Marga ideology. The six-pointed star is composed of two equilateral triangles. The triangle pointing upward represents action, or the outward flow of energy through selfless service to humanity. The triangle pointing downward represents knowledge, the inward search for spiritual realization through meditation. The sun in the centre represents advancement, all-round progress. The goal of the aspirant’s march through life is represented by the swastika, a several-thousand-year-old symbol of spiritual victory. PROUT IN A NUTSHELL VOLUME FOUR Second Edition SHRII PRABHAT RANJAN SARKAR Prout in a Nutshell was originally published simultaneously in twenty-one parts and seven volumes, with each volume containing three parts, © 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991 by Ánanda Márga Pracáraka Saîgha (Central). The same material, reorganized and revised, with the omission of some chapters and the addition of some new discourses, is now being published in four volumes as the second edition. This book is Prout in a Nutshell Volume Four, Second Edition, © 2020 by Ánanda Márga Pracáraka Saîgha (Central). Registered office: Ananda Nagar, P.O. Baglata, District Purulia, West Bengal, India All rights reserved by the publisher. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording -
A Study of Social Justice and Development of Rajwar in Barind Region
A Study of Social Justice and development of Rajwar in Barind region M.Phil Thesis Researcher Hosne-Ara-Afroz A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Anthropology Department of Anthropology University of Dhaka June, 2016 A Study of Social Justice and development of Rajwar in Barind region M.Phil Thesis Researcher Hosne-Ara-Afroz Department of Anthropology University of Dhaka. June, 2016 A Study of Social Justice and development of Rajwar in Barind region M.Phil Thesis Researcher Hosne-Ara-Afroz Master of Philosophy in Anthropology University of Dhaka Department of Anthropology University of Dhaka Supervisor Dr. Md. Ahsan Ali Professor Department of Anthropology University of Dhaka Department of Anthropology University of Dhaka June, 2016 DECLARATION I do hereby declare that, I have written this M.phil thesis myself, it is an original work and that it has not been submitted to any other University for a degree. No part of it, in any form, has been published in any book or journal. Hosne-Ara- Afroz M.phil. Fellow Department of Anthropology University of Dhaka. June 2016 Page | i ‡dvb t (Awdm) 9661900-59/6688 Phone: (off.) 9661900-59-6688 b„weÁvbwefvM Fax: 880-2-8615583 E-mail: 1) [email protected] XvKvwek¦we`¨vjq 2) [email protected] XvKv-1000, evsjv‡`k DEPARTMENT OF ZvwiL ANTHROPOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA DHAKA-1000,BANGLADESH Date: 29/06/2016 CERTIFICATE I do hereby certify that Hosne-Ara-Afroz, my M.phil supervisee has written this M.phil thesis herself, it is an original work and that it has not been submitted to any other university for a degree. -
WHAT DO YOU WANT ME to DO? PUBLICATION OFFICE: 1-10-28/247, Anandapuram, Kushaiguda, E.C.I.L
Rs. 10/- | Vol. 13 - Issue 3 | March 2020 LORD WHAT DO YOU WANT ME TO DO? PUBLICATION OFFICE: 1-10-28/247, Anandapuram, Kushaiguda, E.C.I.L. P.O., Hyderabad-500062. ) 27125557. [email protected] This Mission journal from Vishwa Vani is being published in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Odia, ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE: Kannada, Marathi, Gujarati, Hindi, Bengali, 20, Raghul Street, T.M.P. Nagar, Pudur, English, Kok Borok and Soura Languages. Ambattur, Chennai-600053. ) Yearly Subscription Rs. 100/- 26869200. [email protected] Sections 2. Points to ponder 12. Bible Study 3. From the Executive Director 14. From the Network Chairman 7. Special Feature 20. From the Director - Prayer Net 10. A Conversation 24. Field News 11. A Prayer 32. Petite feelings Points to ponder Those created by the Father Are created only to do the will of the Father! For those who want to get all they desire at their time Do not desire to know the will of God! The will of Satan is to make God the Father angry! The plan of Satan is to make the people of God to work against the will of God! All those who run behind the greenery like money, property, worldly pleasures, and worldly desires cannot run toward the plan of God! Decisions taken in ministry without the will of God Do not give happiness, the peace do not last long and do not yield fruit! All those who have the confirmation that they are– doing the will of God Will not be afraid even when the earth tremors and the waters gush out! Though they were in Job's situation, they will sing the song of Habakkuk; Finally they will shine as gold! To see the glorious gospel of JESUS CHRIST VISION: blessing villages in INDIA. -
The Language of the Urang Community of Bangladesh: an Analysis
Journal of ELT and Education (JEE), an international refereed quarterly ISSN: 2618-1290 (Print), 2663-1482 (Online); Volume: 2, Issue-3 & 4, July-December 2019, Page: 66-72 Citation: Rahman, A., Chanda, S. S. & Parvin, S. (2019). The Language of the Urang Community of Bangladesh: An Analysis. Journal of ELT and Education. Volume-2, Issue-3 & 4, 66-72. Article Info: Received: 02.09.2019; Accepted: 20.10.2019; Published: 22.10.2019 Website: JEE is unconditionally available online at www.jee-bd.com with neither subscription nor any membership required. Copyright © Center for Academic Research and Development (CARD), a concern of Hello-Teen Society, Dhaka, Bangladesh Review Paper The Language of the Urang Community of Bangladesh: An Analysis *Abdul Rahman1, Snehangshu Shekhar Chanda2, Shahnara Parvin3 Abstract The study focuses on the life of the Urang community of Bangladesh, especially on the language of this ethnic community living mainly in greater Sylhet for ages. Data have been collected through field visits and semi-structured interviews with 64 members of the community. The result shows that, even though the Urangs have traditionally been working and living in different tea gardens in Sylhet, a lot of them are now engaged in various professions including jobs even in some government offices. Linguistically the Urangs are predominantly bilingual: they speak Kurukh and in some cases Sadri for intra-communal communication whereas they use Bangla for communicating with mainstream Bangladeshi people. 37.50% of the respondents have opined that their mother tongue Kurukh has its writing system when 62.50% are of the view that Kurukh has no written script. -
D E P a Rtm E N T O F D Ista N C E Ed U C a Tio N Pu N Ja B I U N Ive Rsity
Department of Distance Education Punjabi University, Patiala (All Copyrights are Reserved) 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 Nos Lesson (SEMESTER-II) I PART- B.A. Note : Note UNIT UNIT NO. : 2 : : : : departments website www.dccpbi.com website departments the from syllabus the download can Students : : : : Sher Shah Suri and His- Administration His- and Suri Shah Sher Babur under Empire Mughal of Establishment : Mughals the under Life Economic and Social Systems Mansabdari and Revenue Land Administra Judicial and Mughals the of Provincial Central, Administration and Conquests His : Shivaji Mughals the of Policy Religious Mughals the of Policy Rajput HISTORY OF INDIA : 1000-1707 A.D. 1000-1707 : INDIA OF HISTORY HISTORY-PAPER- B HISTORY-PAPER- tion B.A. PART -I HISTORY - PAPER B (SEMESTER-II) (HISTORY OF INDIA 1000-1707 A.D.) LESSON NO. 2.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE UNDER BABUR Birth and Dynasty : With the coming of Babur, a new era of political power, religious tolerance, culture, civilization, administration and development of literatrue begins in the history of India, Babur was born on 14th Febraury, 1483. His father's name was Umar Sheikh Mirza and his mother's Qutlus Nigar Khanum. His parents were the residents of the fertile state of Ferghana. This state was surounded with mountains on three sides. Some historians are of the opinion that the word 'Babur' was Arabic word 'Babar'. But Vincent Smith says that Turkish word 'Babur' and Arabic word 'Babbar' are not the same. According to Smith, its meannig is lion (Tigris Regalis). -
Mughal River Forts in Bangladesh (1575-1688)
MUGHAL RIVER FORTS IN BANGLADESH (1575-1688) AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPRAISAL by Kamrun Nessa Khondker A Thesis Submitted to Cardiff University in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy SCHOOL OF HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND RELIGION CARDIFF UNIVERSITY DECEMBER 2012 1 | P a g e DECLARATION AND STATEMENTS DECLARATION This work has not been submitted in substance for any other degree or award at this or any other university or place of learning, nor is being submitted concurrently in candidature for any degree or other award. Signed …………………………… (Candidate) Date ………………………… STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M.Phil. Signed …………………………… (Candidate) Date …………………………. STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. The views expressed are my own. Signed …………………………… (Candidate) Date………………………….. STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter- library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed ……………………………… (Candidate) Date………………………… 2 | P a g e ABSTRACT The existing scholarship on the Mughal river forts fails to address some key issues, such as their date of construction, their purpose, and the nature of their construction, how they relate to Mughal military strategy, the effect of changes in the course and river systems on them, and their role in ensuring the defence of Dhaka. While consultation of contemporary sources is called for to reflect upon these key issues, it tends to be under- used by modern historians. -
Maintaining the Heritage Language and Identity: the Case of the New Diaspora Telugus in London
ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY MAINTAINING THE HERITAGE LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY: THE CASE OF THE NEW DIASPORA TELUGUS IN LONDON ARUN YADLA A thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Anglia Ruskin University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Submitted: October 2016 Acknowledgements This study and thesis have become reality with the kind support and help of many individuals, directly or indirectly. First and foremost, I express my gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Sebastian Rasinger and Dr. Bettina Beinhoff. Your guidance, patience, invaluable input, timely feedback and constructive criticism helped me in my journey. Thank you for the kind words and encouragement when my chips were down. I would like to thank Mr. Rama Naidu Gāru for connecting me to the Telugu network and also for introducing me to key participants. Without your support, building a sample base would have been impossible. Many thanks for the invaluable support I received from Christine, Richard and Vernon from Cambridge, and Moushmi, Deepak, Dhruv, Dia, Aryaman, Anamika, Nana and Nani from London. I am very grateful for the love and kindness you have shown towards me. A special acknowledgement for the respondents and participants from the Telugu community for giving your time generously to accommodate me in your busy schedules. Thanks also for enduring my interview questions and discussions. I must also acknowledge the contribution of my students and module leaders for their positive and constructive feedback, which motivated me to give my best. I cannot forget to acknowledge my research room friends, who made my journey a memorable one with friendly banter, endless snacks, exchange of stories and ideas.