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Organisaties En Genootschappen Organisaties en genootschappen. P. van Ulsen 7 november 2017 Inhoudsopgave 1 Wijsgeren sluiten de rijen —het interbellum 2 1.1 Beths denkbeelden over het belang van organisaties . 2 1.2 Nederlandse genootschappen . 11 1.2.1 Significa: in vogelvlucht . 12 1.2.2 Significa: denkbeelden. 19 1.2.3 Significa: Beths kritieken . 30 1.2.4 Significa: congressen en Synthese . 34 1.2.5 Internationale School voor Wijsbegeerte. 40 1.2.6 Genootschap voor Critische (Wetenschappelijke) Philosophie. 42 1.2.7 Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging van Wijsbegeerte . 45 1.2.8 Wiskundig Genootschap . 47 1.2.9 Akademie van Wetenschappen. 48 1.3 Internationale filosofische verenigingen . 50 1.3.1 Wiener Kreis: WK, Verein Ernst Mach, Berliner Gruppe . 50 1.3.2 Wiener Kreis: Nederland en de WK . 55 1.3.3 Wiener Kreis: Unity of Science Movement . 63 1.3.4 Institut International de (Collaboration) Philosophique. 67 1.3.5 Fed´ eration´ Internationale des Societ´ es´ de Philosophie. 69 2 Wetenschapsfilosofische organisaties —na WWII 70 2.1 Genootschappen ontstaan . 70 2.1.1 Societ´ e´ Internationale de Logique et de Philosophie des Sciences 70 2.1.2 Nederlandse Vereniging voor Logica. 72 2.1.3 UNESCO-organisaties: ICSU, CIPHS . 73 2.1.4 Kleinere organisaties: AIPS, IIST PSA, Phil.Sc.Group. 73 2.1.5 International Union of Philosophy of Science. 74 2.2 UIPS versus UIHS . 77 2.2.1 International Union of History of Sciences. 77 2.2.2 Association for Symbolic Logic. 81 2.3 Eenheid in Veelheid . 82 2.3.1 International Union of History and Philosophy of Sciences . 82 2.3.2 International Mathematical Union. 93 2.3.3 Wetenschapshistorici op water en brood . 97 1 3 De eerste jaren van de UIHPS 105 3.1 De UIHPS in de VS . 105 3.1.1 National Academy of Sciences . 105 3.1.2 National Committee UIHPS-VS . 107 3.2 Pecunia non olet . 110 3.2.1 Bestuur en bevoegdheden . 110 3.2.2 Functies bij PS (DLMPS), HS (DHS), UIHPS. 112 3.2.3 Symposia en congressen . 112 3.3 Een samenzwering . 116 3.3.1 Verdwenen notulen . 116 3.3.2 AIPS geelimineerd¨ . 119 3.3.3 AIPS: een dode staat op . 123 3.3.4 UIHPS, DLMPS, latere fasen . 125 3.4 Nawoord . 126 4 Redactioneel werk 126 4.1 Inleiding . 126 4.2 Studies in Logic . 128 4.2.1 Redactionele opzet . 128 4.2.2 Aandachtsgebieden . 133 4.3 Journal of Symbolic Logic . 149 4.4 Nawoord . 152 5 Supplementen 152 5.0.1 Afkortingen van organisaties . 152 5.0.2 Bronnen . 153 5.0.3 Dankbetuiging. 154 6 Bibliografie 154 1 Wijsgeren sluiten de rijen —het interbellum 1.1 Beths denkbeelden over het belang van organisaties Op het gebied van organiserend vermogen op logisch, wetenschapsfilosofisch en wijs- gerig terrein heeft Nederland een goed figuur geslagen. Er zijn tal van leidende figuren geweest van nationaal en international belang. Er is er echter maar e´en´ die allen slaat, en dat was E.W. Beth. Derhalve zal het verhaal over het reilen en zeilen van logische en methodologische verenigingen vooral op hem toegespitst worden, en daarmee vooral op de eerste twintig jaar na WWII. Bovendien had Beth zo zijn ideeen¨ over organisa- ties. Dat maakt een focus op hem ook interessanter. De anderen komen op hun tijd ook aan bod, en onder hen vallen niet de minsten. Voorbeelden van hen zijn A. Heyting, F. Staal, G. Mannoury, H. Freudenthal, L.E.J. Brouwer, A.G.M. van Melsen. Men kan hiermee doorgaan, velen hebben zich niet ontrokken aan deze taken van meer algemeen belang. Helaas kan niet aan iedereen aandacht worden geboden. 2 Een belangrijk bestanddeel van Beths bezigheden bestond uit zijn organisatorisch werk. Ook Heyting speelde naast Beth een rol bij tal van, ook internationale, geleerde genootschappen en organisaties. Hij was daarbij echter niet zo prominent aanwezig gelijk Beth. Vaak traden Beth en Heyting gezamenlijk op t.b.v. een door beiden gedeeld doel voor ogen. In alle gevallen was het vooral Beth, die met nieuwe dingen aan kwam en had Heyting een meer ondersteunende rol. Hierdoor zal de meeste aandacht in dit stuk vooral naar Beth uitgaan. Naast Beths algemene denkbeelden over het nut van organisaties, valt het practische deel uiteen in de volgende onderdelen: ◦ Organiserende bezigheden gerelateerd aan de Nederlandse en buitenlandse filosofie. ◦ Beths intree in internationale organisaties; de vorming van wetenschapsfilosofische en logische verenigingen. ◦ Vorming van de International Union of History and Philosophy of Sciences [UIHPS]. ◦ Redactioneel werk. Gedurende zijn gehele leven is Beth lidmaat geweest van vele organisaties. Be- stuursfuncties heeft hij nooit geschuwd. Veel tijd heeft hij gestoken in het oprichten of het bijeenbrengen van diverse verenigingen. Waarom stak hij daar zo veel tijd in, die hij toch beter aan wetenschappelijk werk had kunnen besteden? De doelen, die men met organisaties kan bereiken zijn belangenbehartiging, het uitgeven van periodieken, het organiseren van congressen en het kweken van een goede voedingsbodem voor we- tenschap en onderlinge contacten. Als deze ‘infrastructuur’ nog niet aanwezig is, dan zal men enige tijd er in moeten steken om daar later de vruchten van te kunnen plukken. Jammer genoeg kon in het geval van Beth van dat laatste geen sprake zijn vanwege zijn vroegtijdige overlijden. Maar niet alleen was Beth zelf een groot liefhebber van con- gressen, er was ook nog een ideologisch motief bij hem aanwezig. Congressen geven ruimte aan een internationaal forum en daar was hij een voorstander van. Een´ van de overwegingen daartoe wordt beschreven in Beth (1948a): ‘De hedendaagse totalitaire politiek kan voor een aanmerkelijk deel worden terugge- bracht tot de invloed van G.F. Hegel. De zeer grote, nog steeds voortdurende invloed van Hegel’s ideeen¨ is echter m.i. niet uit haar innerlijke gehalte te verklaren. Van meer belang is het feit, dat Hegel’s philosophie gedurende enige decennia een monopolie- positie heeft ingenomen. Van Pruissen uit is ze daarna haar zegetocht begonnen, eerst door Duitsland, vervolgens door Europa en zelfs daarbuiten. Was Hegel’s philosophie in een vroeg stadium van haar ontwikkeling blootgesteld geweest aan een discussie op internationaal plan, dan zou zij naar mijn mening zelfs in Pruissen nimmer een groot prestige hebben kunnen verwerven en zou ons wellicht veel ellende bespaard zijn ge- bleven.’ Een ander doel voor organisaties ligt in het uitgeven van periodieken. Een voor- beeld hiervan is de Association for Symbolic Logic [ASL] met de Journal of Symbolic Logic [JSL]. Sommige organisaties hadden geen eigen periodiek, maar hadden wel bin- dingen met bepaalde bladen, zoals de International Society for Significs [ISS] met Syn- these en de Societ´ e´ Internationale de Logique et de Philosophie des Sciences [SILPS] met Dialectica. Op vaderlandse bodem is de Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging voor Wijsbegeerte [ANVW] gelieerd aan het Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbe- geerte [ANTW]. 3 Beths redactionele werk was niet organiserend werk in de strikte zin van het woord, maar droeg wel bij aan het internationale forum waar Beth een voorstander van was. De verspreiding en uitwisseling van wetenschappelijke ideeen¨ over de logica en weten- schapsfilosofie vinden hun schriftelijke en openbare voltooi¨ıng in boeken en tijdschrif- ten. Aan beide media heeft Beth bijgedragen door het oprichten van de boekenreeks Studies in Logic in een tijd toen er voor logica nog weinig lopende reeksen waren, en door zijn deelname aan de redactie van de Journal of Symbolic Logic. Belangenbehartiging kan ook een drijfveer tot het oprichten van organisaties vor- men. Men kan menen dat organisaties wel moeten leiden tot het verbeteren van we- tenschappelijk onderzoek. Dit kan op een deceptie uitdraaien. Veel werk, veel ruzie, weinig resultaten, die men aan het instandhouden van een organisatie kan toeschrijven. Een voorbeeld van het laatste vormt een brief van de logica-historicus I.M. Bochenski aan W.V. Quine: 1 ‘I have been deceived. It is in my opinion that international organizations do not help research. Moreover, if I have been personally drive out of the field of research for some years, this is due for a part at least, to the necessity of working for such organizations.’ Toch zag Bochenski wel wat in door mensen zoals hijzelf georganiseerde groepen. Anders staan anderen, in logica minder competente lieden, klaar dit te doen om onder de mom van logica eigenaardige ideeen¨ aan de man te brengen en geld op te strijken. Bochenski stond hierin niet alleen, Beth had hetzelfde idee. Dat idee zou voor Beth een leidraad vormen voor beslissingen en koers binnen zijn wetenschapspolitiek In 1959 gaf Beth een overzicht van het reilen en zeilen binnen de wereld van lo- gica en wetenschapsfilosofie. Dit deed hij, omdat mensen die werkzaam waren in deze vakgebieden en daarnaast bezig waren deze vakgebieden te institutionaliseren, veel- vuldig last hadden van allerlei aantijgingen, die zij moesten zien te weerleggen. De aantijgingen kwamen voornamelijk uit twee hoeken. De ene was die der filosofische diehards, de andere die der exacte wetenschappen. Ook binnen de laatste groep wer- den logica en wetenschapsfilosofie dikwijls niet al te serieus genomen. Binnen de voor naar erkenning hunkerende wetenschapsfilosofen en logici belangrijke International Council of Scientific Unions [ICSU] had men daar nogal eens last van. Het ‘propagan- darapport’ van Beth uit 1959 behelsde naast een algemene inleiding een overzicht van congressen, organisaties, tijdschriften en boekenreeksen om hem en de zijnen status te verlenen. Bovendien had men telkens weer te maken met de argumenten dat in vroeger tijd de wetenschapsfilosofen en logici nooit een eigen organisatie hadden opgericht, de wetenschappelijke resultaten uit deze hoek miniem waren en er geen internationale congressen georganiseerd werden. In het verlengde hiervan lag de bewering dat eigen- lijk alles al door de filosofen en wiskundigen gedekt werd.
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