SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL ONLINE

Table S1. Measurements of the used in the morphometric analysis (in mm): condylo-incisive length (CIL), zygomatic breadth

(ZB), braincase breadth (BB), least interorbital breadth (IOC), length of rostrum (RL), length of the nasal bones (NL), breadth of rostrum (RW-1), orbital fossa length (OI), length of upper diastema (DL), crown length of maxillary toothrow (MTRL); length of incisive foramen (IFL), mastoid breadth (MB), basioccipital length (BOL), mesopterygoid fossa width (MPFW), breadth of zygomatic plate (ZPL), cranial depth (CP). Missing data are represented by NA.

RW- Specimen Region Species CIL ZB BB IOC RL NL OI DL MTRL IFL MB BOL MPFW ZPL CP 1 JBM1386 Ecuador auriventer 20.46 12.09 11.1 4.32 7.07 8.75 4.27 7.33 6.15 2.93 3.16 10.21 3.22 1.66 1.89 8.64 MECN5420 Ecuador auriventer 18.95 11.43 10.78 4.27 6.75 7.92 4.03 6.51 NA 2.78 3.02 9.95 3.08 1.2 1.84 7.57 MECN5423 Ecuador auriventer 19.65 11.87 11.02 4.36 7.07 8.64 4.36 6.78 NA 2.82 3.27 9.22 3.08 1.61 1.72 7.79 MEPN11846 Ecuador auriventer 19.31 11.51 11.02 4.55 6.68 8.11 4.15 6.82 5.45 2.76 2.88 10 3.23 1.53 1.9 8.32 MEPN11854 Ecuador auriventer 19.34 11.62 11.16 4.81 6.78 8.72 4.17 6.83 5.85 2.84 2.52 10.13 2.98 1.3 1.74 7.92 MEPN12078 Ecuador auriventer 18.48 11.17 10.7 4.38 6.71 8.04 3.96 6.65 5.44 2.74 2.95 10.17 2.96 1.4 1.72 8.18 MEPN12079 Ecuador auriventer 18.06 11.22 10.81 4.52 6.46 7.88 3.9 6.25 5.23 2.82 2.76 9.9 2.63 1.54 1.68 8.52 MEPN12081 Ecuador auriventer 19.99 11.83 10.95 4.58 7.07 7.95 4.14 7.11 6.11 2.83 3.2 10.13 3.13 1.42 1.86 8.37 MEPN12086 Ecuador auriventer 20.13 12.15 10.75 4.44 7.14 8.81 4.16 7.09 6.31 2.89 3 10.11 3.26 1.66 1.94 8.58 MEPN12110 Ecuador auriventer 17.75 10.36 10.43 4.66 6.38 8.02 3.91 6.17 5.12 2.7 2.11 9.45 3.29 1.21 1.62 7.61 MEPN12306 Ecuador auriventer 20.03 11.55 10.96 4.66 6.88 8.74 4.03 6.84 6.02 2.82 3.07 9.95 3.15 1.35 1.97 8.45 MEPN12485 Ecuador auriventer 19.38 11.77 11.1 4.67 6.67 7.96 4.11 7.01 5.79 2.76 2.87 10.16 2.78 1.87 1.94 7.86 MEPN12557 Ecuador auriventer 19.91 11.74 10.93 4.46 6.93 7.96 4.31 6.82 5.6 2.87 3.1 10.17 3.18 1.65 2 7.85 QCAZ16138 Ecuador auriventer 19.79 11.68 11 4.75 7.05 7.93 4.13 7.12 6.12 2.8 3.11 10.12 3.1 1.41 1.89 8.36 QCAZ16499 Ecuador auriventer 19.46 11.09 11.09 4.3 7.1 8.65 4.2 7.29 6.17 2.9 3.1 10.19 3.19 1.56 1.8 8.56 MECN2412 Ecuador carceleni 22.86 13.65 11.77 4.68 7.64 9.59 5.15 8.51 7 3.07 3.35 10.5 3.55 1.69 2.5 8.78 MECN3468 Ecuador carceleni 22.46 12.97 10.83 4.48 8.21 9.62 4.97 8.46 6.67 3.18 3.79 10.39 3.56 1.54 2.12 8.93 MECN3470 Ecuador carceleni 21.73 12.77 11.55 4.64 7.36 8.89 4.63 7.98 6.3 3.3 3.65 10.47 3.69 1.54 2.13 8.74 MECN4206 Ecuador carceleni 21.93 13.03 11.53 4.62 7.58 9.26 4.86 8.26 6.28 3.44 3.91 10.52 3.69 1.82 2.23 8.67 MECN5110 Ecuador carceleni 22.93 13.51 11.77 4.49 NA NA 5.05 8.31 6.86 3.23 3.62 10.28 3.84 1.6 2.2 8.81 MECN5691 Ecuador carceleni 23.56 13.2 11.54 4.87 8.34 8.92 4.95 8.77 7.04 3.25 3.83 10.54 3.52 1.88 2.48 8.18 MECN5865 Ecuador carceleni 23.53 13.79 12 4.46 8.27 9.39 5.12 8.5 6.97 3.42 3.84 10.64 3.65 1.65 2.29 NA QCAZ7013 Ecuador carceleni 22.72 12.98 10.85 4.98 7.86 9.01 4.18 8.74 6.85 3.14 NA 9.78 3.6 2.03 2.37 8.13 QCAZ7182 Ecuador carceleni 22.15 NA 11.02 4.32 NA 8.76 4.33 8.56 6.75 3.16 3.23 9.3 3.38 NA 2.42 NA QCAZ7249 Ecuador carceleni 21.04 NA 10.62 4.47 6.92 8.67 3.73 NA 6.1 3.12 3.36 9.2 3.63 1.78 2.16 7.88 QCAZ5308 Ecuador carceleni NA 13.16 NA 4.6 6.6 8.86 4.74 7.81 6.26 3.2 3.61 NA NA 1.62 1.99 NA QCAZ15814 Ecuador carceleni 22.18 12.67 11.04 4.82 6.32 8.85 4.76 7.66 6.24 3.16 3.18 9.53 3.26 1.59 2.33 6.85 QCAZ10080 Ecuador carceleni 20.7 12.18 11.18 4.55 5.63 8.95 4.2 7.27 5.66 3.26 3.06 9.4 3.48 1.56 2.1 7.16 QCAZ7251 Ecuador carceleni 21.96 11.94 10.55 4.11 NA 9.06 4.07 7.67 6.27 3.03 3.16 9.09 3.24 NA 2.24 6.94 QCAZ16407 Ecuador carceleni 22.4 12.53 10.76 4.87 6.45 8.98 4.72 7.95 6.51 3.1 3.22 9.1 3.16 1.53 2.21 7.77 QCAZ5214 Ecuador carceleni 22.49 12.99 11.26 4.69 6.47 NA 4.71 7.77 6.41 3.19 3.21 10.14 3.31 1.67 2.32 7.57 QCAZ4614 Ecuador carceleni NA 12.79 NA 4.64 6.56 9.1 4.38 7.42 6.11 3.24 2.8 NA NA 1.21 2.23 NA QCAZ10353 Ecuador carceleni 22.55 12.4 11.03 4.83 6.37 9.51 4.56 7.45 6.5 3.33 2.86 10.05 3.23 1.49 2.38 7.67 QCAZ16424 Ecuador carceleni 21.86 12.79 11.4 4.64 6.42 9.72 4.37 7.51 6.33 3.23 2.87 9.87 3.33 1.44 2.31 7.48 QCAZ10081 Ecuador rosalindae 17.87 10.35 9.91 4.14 NA NA 3.68 6.93 4.74 2.76 2.39 8.2 3.11 2.28 1.66 7.76 QCAZ10082 Ecuador rosalindae 18.41 NA 10.15 4.43 5.86 7.56 3.82 7.33 4.97 2.67 2.78 8.55 2.98 2.36 1.79 7.79 QCAZ10083 Ecuador rosalindae 18.48 10.61 10.13 4.24 6.1 7.43 3.62 7.3 4.96 2.6 2.75 8.59 3.11 2.32 1.75 7.84 QCAZ10131 Ecuador rosalindae 21.19 11.99 11.03 4.6 6.88 8.89 4.38 7.99 6.47 3.28 3.52 9.54 3.66 1.71 2.36 8.58 QCAZ10210 Ecuador rosalindae NA NA 10.33 4.16 NA NA 3.92 6.44 5.19 2.59 2.84 8.63 2.76 1.92 NA 7.48 QCAZ10211 Ecuador rosalindae 18.01 NA 9.98 4.48 NA 7.55 3.77 6.94 5.15 2.57 3.35 8.28 2.97 1.49 1.8 7.39 QCAZ10212 Ecuador rosalindae 18.06 10.59 10.03 4.31 6.05 7 3.74 7.11 5.13 2.53 2.73 8.42 2.48 1.88 1.78 8.11 QCAZ10214 Ecuador rosalindae 17.51 10.49 9.79 4.24 6.11 7.13 3.69 6.98 4.9 2.61 2.67 8.33 3.01 2.2 1.77 7.66 QCAZ10215 Ecuador rosalindae 18.15 10.18 10.09 4.13 6.17 7.48 3.7 6.92 5.02 2.66 2.63 8.16 2.94 2.33 1.7 7.78 QCAZ10297 Ecuador rosalindae 17.26 10.33 9.43 4.3 6.03 7.22 3.99 6.61 4.76 2.67 2.79 8.31 2.92 NA 1.86 7.22 QCAZ10298 Ecuador rosalindae 18.16 NA 10.42 4.28 6.64 7.22 3.62 NA 5.13 2.63 2.88 NA NA NA 1.73 7.68 QCAZ10299 Ecuador rosalindae 18.3 10.32 9.72 3.88 6.34 6.98 3.93 6.88 4.66 NA NA 8.67 3.18 1.66 NA 7.32 QCAZ10300 Ecuador rosalindae 17.28 10.01 9.84 4.26 6.07 7.09 3.62 6.62 4.84 2.52 2.51 8.37 2.82 NA 1.71 7.37 QCAZ10301 Ecuador rosalindae 18.65 NA 9.86 4.44 6.19 8.08 3.76 6.79 5.42 2.55 2.86 8.25 3.08 1.63 1.94 7.71 QCAZ10303 Ecuador rosalindae 18.57 10.39 9.87 4.12 5.99 7.89 3.54 7.04 5.38 2.72 2.65 8.41 3.5 1.62 1.97 7.1 QCAZ10354 Ecuador rosalindae 18.37 10.99 10.2 4.35 6.06 7.44 3.8 7.34 5.3 2.71 2.53 8.72 2.91 1.84 1.81 8.06 QCAZ10356 Ecuador rosalindae 18.75 10.47 10.32 4.34 6.63 7.67 3.73 6.86 5.09 2.62 2.96 8.36 2.82 NA 1.77 7.88 QCAZ10358 Ecuador rosalindae 17.32 NA 10.35 4.45 5.56 6.76 3.76 7.14 5.04 3.22 3.19 8.83 2.85 1.6 1.59 NA QCAZ10360 Ecuador rosalindae 22.3 12.99 11.21 4.48 7.42 9.13 4.47 8.28 6.99 3.39 3.79 9.39 3.79 1.71 2.23 8.54 QCAZ10361 Ecuador rosalindae 21.76 11.87 10.93 4.9 7.07 8.5 4.67 8.23 6.48 3.31 3.67 9.11 3.71 2.01 2.12 8.16 QCAZ10362 Ecuador rosalindae 23.02 13.09 11.41 4.77 7.17 9.5 4.88 8.83 7.1 3.16 3.53 9.57 3.95 1.55 2.4 8.71 QCAZ10363 Ecuador rosalindae 18.28 10.61 10.28 4.56 6.42 7.84 3.87 6.93 5.01 2.72 2.6 8.75 3.19 1.66 1.9 7.4 QCAZ10365 Ecuador rosalindae 18.35 10.39 10.01 4.34 5.96 6.83 3.64 6.8 5.34 2.57 2.89 8.2 3.06 1.4 1.76 7.26 QCAZ10657 Ecuador rosalindae 19.42 10.76 10.82 4.35 6.49 8.17 3.85 7.36 5.32 2.87 2.5 8.88 3.04 NA 1.87 7.82 QCAZ10658 Ecuador rosalindae 18.91 10.8 10.41 4.47 6.69 7.72 NA 7.42 5.24 2.61 2.92 8.55 3.15 1.76 1.69 7.75 QCAZ10659 Ecuador rosalindae 18.8 NA 10.39 4.47 6.35 7.25 3.62 6.91 5.48 2.59 2.88 8.4 3.05 1.88 1.82 7.68 QCAZ10748 Ecuador rosalindae 16.08 9.81 9.58 3.99 5.9 6.31 3.25 6.39 4.54 2.55 2.62 8.01 2.53 1.2 NA 6.96 QCAZ12041 Ecuador rosalindae 18.85 NA 10.14 4.22 6.36 7.32 3.62 6.88 5.21 2.81 2.67 8.26 3.18 1.69 1.81 7.83 QCAZ3739 Ecuador rosalindae 21.59 12.4 11 4.16 7.26 9.49 4.31 8.17 6.44 3.14 3.16 9.5 3.62 1.75 2.34 8.64 QCAZ4001 Ecuador rosalindae 21.98 12.61 10.77 4.36 7.29 9.13 4.19 8.54 6.98 2.99 3.49 9.32 3.47 1.73 2.29 8.28 QCAZ4015 Ecuador rosalindae 23.15 11.47 10.38 4.41 6.92 9.02 3.97 8 6.16 3.1 3.41 8.46 3.2 1.75 2.1 7.94 QCAZ4016 Ecuador rosalindae 20.96 12.74 10.72 4.31 6.86 8.77 3.91 7.74 6.38 3.11 3.15 9.21 3.48 1.65 2.15 8.24 QCAZ4017 Ecuador rosalindae 21.95 NA 11.04 5.21 NA NA 4.85 NA 7.03 NA 3.28 9.45 3.37 2.21 2.16 8.3 QCAZ4018 Ecuador rosalindae 20.19 11.46 9.92 4.33 6.81 8.17 4.24 7.33 6.1 2.82 3.2 8.8 3.58 1.83 2.05 7.7 QCAZ4586 Ecuador rosalindae 19.72 11.57 10.32 4.35 6.3 7.2 4.14 7.47 5.81 3.17 3.14 9 3.91 1.7 2.03 7.83 QCAZ5213 Ecuador rosalindae 22.02 12.87 10.98 4.67 7.23 9.9 4.32 8.41 6.17 3.3 3.14 9.15 3.94 1.77 2.31 8.15 QCAZ7848 Ecuador rosalindae 17.86 NA 10.32 4.24 6.47 7.71 3.38 6.89 5 2.59 2.62 8.4 3.04 2.52 1.65 8.25 QCAZ7849 Ecuador rosalindae 17.58 10.09 10.12 4.25 6.59 7.91 3.81 6.89 5.01 2.62 2.53 8.18 2.82 2.22 1.63 7.79 QCAZ7974 Ecuador rosalindae 18.02 10.82 10 4.32 6.07 7.57 3.5 6.77 5.06 2.57 1.57 8.07 3.25 NA 1.58 7.93 QCAZ7975 Ecuador rosalindae 18.75 NA 10.2 4.54 6.6 8.1 3.62 7.26 5.26 2.79 2.89 8.54 3.31 NA 1.86 8.35 QCAZ7977 Ecuador rosalindae 17.42 NA 9.97 4.09 NA NA 3.51 6.69 4.72 2.5 2.48 8.07 NA 2.39 1.5 8.21 QCAZ7978 Ecuador rosalindae 17.45 10.53 9.96 4.04 6.04 7.16 3.64 6.76 4.93 2.58 2.72 8.01 2.91 2.06 1.63 7.97 QCAZ7979 Ecuador rosalindae 17.88 NA 10.24 4.09 NA NA 3.67 6.66 5.22 2.53 2.43 8.28 NA 2.42 1.9 7.98 QCAZ7989 Ecuador rosalindae 18.37 10.62 9.9 4.15 6.11 7.66 3.86 6.9 5.41 2.57 2.38 8.24 3.04 2.39 1.86 8.27 QCAZ9959 Ecuador rosalindae 21.6 12.19 10.89 4.79 7.18 8.7 4.33 8.04 6.28 3.29 3.31 9.47 3.18 1.78 2.15 8.38 QCAZ9960 Ecuador rosalindae 18.74 10.92 10.19 4.43 6.98 7.9 3.9 7.37 5.45 2.54 2.66 8.57 3.46 NA 1.75 8.43 QCAZ9961 Ecuador rosalindae 18.05 9.39 10.4 3.95 6.33 7.52 3.57 6.89 4.86 2.5 2.94 8.04 3.12 1.52 1.62 7.08 QCAZ9962 Ecuador rosalindae 16.27 10.28 10.16 4.03 5.46 6.59 3.4 6.36 4.41 2.55 2.68 8.27 2.61 1.99 1.45 7.85 JLP15292 Jurua amoenus 19.97 11.99 10.93 4.1 7.57 8.66 4.37 7.65 5.71 2.95 3.35 9.74 3.2 1.6 2.08 7.87 JLP15314 Jurua amoenus 21.17 12.11 11.04 4.39 8.08 8.93 4.41 7.63 5.87 3.16 3.62 9.94 3.42 1.58 1.99 7.98 JLP15341 Jurua amoenus 21.24 12.89 11.35 4.53 8.14 8.67 4.62 8.11 6.18 3.01 3.38 10.27 3.36 1.72 2.25 8.5 JLP15342 Jurua amoenus 21.41 12.64 10.7 4.6 8.19 9.07 4.67 8.17 6.26 3.07 3.76 9.81 3.58 1.82 2.31 7.95 JLP15343 Jurua amoenus 20.14 11.54 10.57 4.17 7.46 8.4 4.18 7.34 5.71 3.16 3.42 9.23 3.09 1.66 2.07 8.08 JLP15344 Jurua amoenus 21.49 12.59 11.06 4.29 7.85 8.87 4.69 7.92 6.47 2.91 3.67 9.98 3.55 1.45 2.13 8.21 JLP15364 Jurua amoenus 20.4 11.75 10.76 4.11 7.63 7.55 4.42 7.66 6.03 3.07 3.46 9.64 3.08 1.63 2.27 8.13 JLP15457 Jurua amoenus 19.24 11.46 10.51 4.32 7.02 7.85 4.07 7.32 5.42 3.05 2.91 9.27 2.93 1.52 1.9 7.8 JLP15497 Jurua amoenus 20.98 12.45 11.41 4.56 8.12 9.04 4.53 8 6.19 3.03 3.54 10.13 3.41 1.47 2.43 8.19 JLP15674 Jurua amoenus 19.82 11.59 11.01 4.43 7.44 7.85 4.15 7.5 5.55 3.26 3.62 9.78 3.11 2.05 2.06 8.29 MNFS1236 Jurua amoenus 21.58 12.59 11.07 4.77 8.29 9.28 4.77 8.56 6.24 3.12 4.03 9.89 3.55 2.09 2.35 8.34 MNFS1322 Jurua amoenus 21.06 12.06 11.05 4.13 8.18 9 4.27 8.08 6.06 3.09 3.72 9.64 3.46 1.67 2.2 8.09 MNFS1339 Jurua amoenus 20.27 11.6 10.73 4.12 7.36 8.65 4.28 7.77 5.97 2.91 3.33 9.32 3.1 1.8 2.08 8.08 MNFS1404 Jurua amoenus 20.86 12.47 11.45 4.58 7.86 8.45 4.55 7.7 5.89 3.11 3.15 10.15 3.4 1.59 2.28 8.58 MNFS1438 Jurua amoenus 19.91 12.07 10.49 4.36 7.44 8.42 4.47 7.54 5.58 3.17 3.1 9.66 3.61 1.57 2.2 7.98 MNFS1565 Jurua amoenus 19.31 11.89 10.42 4.26 7.45 8.03 4.36 7.59 5.45 3.13 3.45 9.43 2.99 1.86 2.01 7.68 MNFS348 Jurua amoenus 21.15 12.66 11.53 4.88 7.93 8.48 4.34 7.72 5.99 3.11 3.48 9.89 3.28 1.65 2.25 8.4 MNFS357 Jurua amoenus 19.91 11.82 10.88 4.14 7.09 7.77 4.21 7.57 5.68 2.96 3.31 9.75 3.24 1.61 2.02 8.13 MNFS374 Jurua amoenus 20.97 12.16 11.07 4.28 7.82 8.16 4.46 7.83 5.96 3.2 3.36 9.65 3.36 1.53 1.98 8.36 MNFS375 Jurua amoenus 22.42 12.92 11.17 4.32 8.55 8.91 4.76 8.16 6.45 3.17 3.23 10.25 3.47 1.6 2.58 8.5 MNFS377 Jurua amoenus 20.91 12.22 11.01 4.63 8.08 8.2 4.44 7.56 5.85 3.15 3.6 9.76 3.54 1.56 2.22 8.23 MNFS378 Jurua amoenus 21.35 12.42 10.97 4.66 7.95 8.18 4.39 8.09 6.22 3.12 3.67 9.76 3.51 1.63 2.14 8.35 MNFS407 Jurua amoenus 21.38 12.54 11.25 4.34 8.26 9.47 4.48 7.99 6.22 3.05 3.87 9.99 3.09 1.72 2.05 8.1 MNFS473 Jurua amoenus 21.11 12.61 11.4 4.68 7.96 8.88 4.48 7.89 5.93 3.15 3.68 10.29 3.43 1.84 2.07 8.56 MNFS523 Jurua amoenus 21.42 12.44 11.34 4.65 7.72 8.79 4.46 8.14 5.9 3.17 3.25 10.33 3.48 1.8 2.12 8.35 MVZ133627 Balta amoenus 20.24 12.36 10.84 4.47 7.53 8.43 4.48 8.27 5.57 3.25 3.24 10.49 3.19 1.74 2.06 8.01 MVZ136617 Balta amoenus 20.13 11.57 10.65 4.12 7.36 8.39 4.1 7.87 5.66 3.01 3.33 10.03 3.1 1.64 2.08 7.98 MVZ136618 Balta amoenus 20.23 11.89 10.8 4.17 7.68 8.72 4.61 7.71 5.66 2.95 3.27 10.07 3.13 1.6 1.86 7.82 MVZ136619 Balta amoenus 19.77 12.09 11.04 4.44 7.42 8.25 4.15 7.6 5.69 3.18 3.18 10.85 2.74 1.7 1.95 8.66 MVZ136620 Balta amoenus 21.92 12.48 11.18 4.37 8.84 9.54 4.25 8.13 6.57 3.07 3.37 10.58 3.31 1.69 2.29 8.54 MVZ136621 Balta amoenus 21.02 12.37 11.28 4.43 8.04 8.69 4.8 7.86 5.99 2.96 3.63 10.42 3.49 1.93 2.22 8.09 MVZ136622 Balta amoenus 20.46 12.11 11.1 4.43 7.65 8.14 4.57 7.92 5.67 3.12 3.56 10.32 3.24 1.52 1.9 8.48 MVZ136623 Balta amoenus 21.93 12.27 10.93 4.39 8.09 8.83 4.88 8.25 6.65 3.19 3.87 10.71 3.32 1.64 2.21 8.42 MVZ136624 Balta amoenus 20.88 12.05 10.54 4.28 8.15 8.93 4.49 7.89 6.18 3.06 3.55 9.88 3.24 1.69 2.07 7.83 MVZ136625 Balta amoenus 20.91 12.23 11.14 4.55 7.83 8.62 4.51 8.1 6 3 3.66 10.29 3.24 1.6 2.16 8.16 MVZ136626 Balta amoenus 21.96 13 11.29 4.35 8.76 9.93 4.65 8.54 6.4 3.24 4.03 10.46 3.56 1.62 2.29 8.24 MVZ136628 Balta amoenus 19.63 12.34 10.79 4.27 7.31 8.29 4.17 7.49 5.44 3.15 3.27 10.1 2.9 1.69 2 8.13 MVZ136629 Balta amoenus 21.25 12.05 10.96 4.34 8.49 9.02 4.58 8.2 6.27 3.04 3.75 10.43 3.43 1.51 2.07 8.41 MVZ136630 Balta amoenus 21.74 12.91 11.24 4.18 8.38 9.27 4.81 8.4 6.51 3.04 3.78 10.38 3.52 1.59 2.3 8.02 MVZ136631 Balta amoenus 20.84 12.26 10.78 4.42 8.14 9.54 4.82 8.1 5.99 3.04 2.81 10.13 3.27 1.43 2.06 8.26 MVZ136632 Balta amoenus 20.32 12.15 10.43 4.33 8.12 9.01 4.69 7.71 5.72 3.18 3.44 10.19 3.05 1.82 2.17 7.82 MVZ136633 Balta amoenus 20.97 12.25 10.57 4.3 7.98 8.82 4.63 8.17 6.19 3.05 3.65 9.89 3.33 1.51 2.21 8.19 MVZ136634 Balta amoenus 20.63 11.9 10.69 4.22 7.57 8.69 4.48 7.79 5.73 3.08 3.55 10.15 3.11 1.78 2.22 7.98 MVZ136635 Balta amoenus 20.75 12.11 10.82 4.45 8.11 8.69 4.45 8.31 6.04 3.06 3.69 9.92 3.42 2 2.33 7.85 MVZ136637 Balta amoenus 20.03 11.61 10.61 4.24 7.62 8.82 4.41 7.95 5.91 3.09 3.48 10.22 3.24 1.77 2.18 8.22 MVZ136638 Balta amoenus 20.18 11.97 11.07 4.34 7.62 8.59 4.41 8.08 5.91 3.01 3.48 9.92 3.04 1.51 2.05 8.14 MVZ139185 Balta amoenus 21.06 12.17 10.63 4.78 8.22 9.01 4.74 7.94 6.14 3.04 3.92 10.07 3.59 1.86 2.25 7.96 MVZ155014 Peru amoenus 22.29 12.91 11.97 4.46 8.48 9.54 4.57 8.29 6.54 3.25 3.6 10.98 3.55 1.86 2.37 8.75 MVZ155015 Peru amoenus 20.34 11.47 10.84 4.45 7.89 9.04 4.19 7.97 5.78 3.28 3.93 10.31 3.04 1.85 1.85 7.99 MVZ155016 Peru amoenus 22.56 13.36 11.79 4.87 8.81 9.27 5.05 8.32 6.33 3.37 3.74 11.15 3.4 1.81 2.14 8.87 MUSM7928 Peru spinosus 19.59 11.92 10.83 4.49 7.26 8.63 4.43 7.11 5.66 2.86 3.22 NA NA NA 1.71 NA MUSM7932 Peru spinosus 19.76 11.96 11.06 4.54 7.24 8.86 4.42 7.32 5.92 2.85 3.07 NA NA NA 1.88 NA MUSM7929 Peru spinosus 19.58 11.78 10.95 4.46 6.97 8.53 4.18 7.29 5.78 2.90 3.18 NA NA NA 1.71 NA MUSM7926 Peru spinosus 19.16 11.43 10.51 4.28 6.98 8.42 4.03 7.08 5.64 2.67 3.28 NA NA NA 1.73 NA MUSM7931 Peru spinosus 19.51 11.69 10.58 4.28 6.85 8.47 4.18 7.16 5.58 2.79 2.95 NA NA NA 1.81 NA MUSM7927 Peru spinosus 20.25 12.01 11.05 4.48 7.55 8.80 4.18 7.51 5.89 2.85 3.07 NA NA NA 1.84 NA MUSM7924 Peru spinosus 18.82 NA 10.65 4.21 6.72 8.29 NA 7.18 5.54 2.83 2.92 NA NA NA 1.69 NA MUSM7923 Peru spinosus 19.89 11.60 10.49 4.44 7.30 8.61 4.32 7.47 5.72 2.82 3.14 NA NA NA 1.92 NA MUSM36924 Peru spinosus 20.13 11.98 10.81 4.34 7.55 9.05 4.67 7.10 6.03 2.96 3.44 NA NA NA 1.95 NA MUSM36928 Peru spinosus 20.50 12.47 11.08 4.45 7.19 8.41 4.45 7.08 6.06 2.83 3.51 NA NA NA 1.98 NA FMNH19690 Peru spinosus 19.71 11.72 10.28 4.18 6.91 8.85 4.06 7.23 5.52 2.96 3.20 NA NA NA 2.01 NA FMNH19691 Peru spinosus 19.91 11.73 10.43 4.25 7.16 8.73 4.02 7.31 5.88 2.93 3.42 NA NA NA 1.87 NA

Table S2. List of specimens included in the phylogenetic analyses. For each terminal species, museum catalog numbers and GenBank accession numbers are provided. *

Specimens’ collector numbers, without museum numbers available; # Specimens used as outgroups.

Number Species Accesion Number State Country museum "up river" EU258536 AMNH 272867 Loreto Peru EU579503 AMNH 272676 Loreto Peru Neacomys a. carceleni EU579504 MVZ155014 Amazonas Peru French FM210765 V 1097 Saül Guiana Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou FM210766 ROM 114143 Park Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou FM210767 ROM 114315 Suriname Park Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou FM210768 ROM 114317 Suriname Park Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou FM210769 ROM 114324 Suriname Park French Neacomys paracou FM210770 V 1689 Mont St. Marcel Guiana French FM210771 V 1128 Saül Guiana French Neacomys dubosti FM210772 V 1132 Saül Guiana French Neacomys dubosti FM210773 V 1134 Saül Guiana French Neacomys dubosti FM210774 V 1140 Saül Guiana Neacomys dubosti FM210775 CM 76835 Marowijne Suriname Neacomys dubosti FM210776 CM 76837 Marowijne Suriname Neacomys dubosti FM210777 CM 76842 Marowijne Suriname FM210778 CM 76847 Nickerie Suriname Neacomys guianae FM210779 CM 76849 Saramacca Suriname French Neacomys dubosti FM210780 V-1141 Saûl Guiana Neacomys dubosti FM210781 CM 76846 Nickerie Suriname Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou FM210782 ROM 114325 Suriname Park French Neacomys paracou FM210783 V 2002 Kaw–Camp Caiman Guiana French Neacomys paracou FM210784 V 1702 Nouragues Guiana Neacomys minutus "up river" GU126519 AMNH 272867 Loreto Peru Neacomys musseri GU126520 AMNH 272677 Loreto Peru Neacomys a. amoenus JQ966232 UFES 1730 - Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou KP778269 ROM:114315 Suriname Park Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou KP778279 ROM:114317 Suriname Park Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou KP778309 ROM:114143 Suriname Park Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou KP778398 ROM:114150 Suriname Park Brownsberg Nature Neacomys paracou KP778425 ROM:114023 Suriname Park Neacomys vargasllosai KX258225 MUSM 35076 Puno Peru Neacomys vargasllosai KX258226 MUSM 35080 Puno Peru Neacomys vargasllosai KX258227 MUSM 35083 Puno Peru KX258228 MUSM 36924 Amazonas Peru Neacomys marajoara KX752072 MPEG 40443 Para Brazil Neacomys xingu KX752073 MPEG 41804 Para Brazil Neacomys marajoara KX752074 MEPG 40439 Para Brazil Neacomys marajoara KX752075 MPEG 40440 Para Brazil Neacomys xingu KX752076 MPEG 41805 Para Brazil Neacomys paracou KX752077 MPEG 39998 Para Brazil Neacomys paracou KX752078 IEPA 2466 Amapa Brazil Neacomys dubosti KX752079 MPEG41806 Para Brazil Neacomys marajoara KX752080 MPEG 40446 Para Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792021 LHE 1417 Santa Cruz Bolivia Neacomys a. amoenus KX792022 USNM 584543 Santa Cruz Bolivia Neacomys a. amoenus KX792023 LHE 1558a Santa Cruz Bolivia MZ-USP/CIT Neacomys a. amoenus KX792024 Mato Grosso Brazil 371 MZ-USP/CIT Neacomys a. amoenus KX792025 Mato Grosso Brazil 519 MZ-USP/CIT Neacomys a. amoenus KX792026 Mato Grosso Brazil 520 MZ-USP/CIT Neacomys a. amoenus KX792027 Mato Grosso Brazil 534 MZ-USP/CIT Neacomys a. amoenus KX792028 Mato Grosso Brazil 555 MZ-USP/CIT Neacomys a. amoenus KX792029 Mato Grosso Brazil 569 MZ-USP/CIT Neacomys a. amoenus KX792030 Mato Grosso Brazil 665 MZ-USP/CIT Neacomys a. amoenus KX792031 Mato Grosso Brazil 678 Neacomys a. amoenus KX792032 INPA 3060 Acre Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792033 INPA 3062 Acre Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792034 MNFS 1263 Acre Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792035 MVZ 193758 Acre Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792036 MVZ 193767 Acre Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792037 MVZ 190364 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792038 MVZ 190365 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792039 MVZ 190367 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792040 MVZ 190372 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus KX792041 USNM 588051 Cusco Peru Neacomys a. amoenus KX792042 USNM 588096 Cusco Peru Neacomys a. amoenus KX792043 MRR 778 Cusco Peru Neacomys a. amoenus KX792044 MRR 799 Cusco Peru Neacomys a. carceleni KX792045 ROM 104474 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys a. carceleni KX792046 ROM 105278 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys a. carceleni KX792047 ROM 105290 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys a. carceleni KX792048 USNM 574567 Pastaza Ecuador Neacomys a. amoenus KX792049 MVZ 155015 Amazonas Peru Neacomys rosalindae KX792050 ROM 104560 Napo Ecuador Neacomys rosalindae KX792051 ROM 105265 Napo Ecuador Neacomys rosalindae KX792052 ROM 105314 Napo Ecuador Neacomys rosalindae KX792053 ROM 105315 Napo Ecuador Neacomys rosalindae KX792054 MVZ 153530 Amazonas Peru Neacomys rosalindae KX792055 KU 158172 Loreto Peru Neacomys rosalindae KX792056 TK 73307 Loreto Peru Neacomys rosalindae KX792057 TK 73347 Loreto Peru Neacomys rosalindae KX792058 TK 73493 Loreto Peru Neacomys sp. “clade 6” KX792059 MNFS 2017 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys sp. “clade 6” KX792060 MNFS 2023 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys sp. “clade 6” KX792061 MNFS 2084 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys sp. “clade 6” KX792062 MNFS 2104 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" KX792063 INPA 3047 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "up river" KX792064 INPA 3050 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" KX792065 INPA 3051 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "up river" KX792066 INPA 3891 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "up river" KX792067 MPEG/JUR 3 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" KX792068 MVZ 190359 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" KX792069 MVZ 190361 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "up river" KX792070 MVZ 190362 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" KX792071 MVZ 190363 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" KX792072 MVZ 191209 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "up river" KX792073 AMNH 272867 Loreto Peru Neacomys musseri KX792074 MVZ 171487 Cusco Peru Neacomys musseri KX792075 AMNH 272678 Loreto Peru Neacomys musseri KX792076 AMNH 272687 Loreto Peru Neacomys paracou KX792078 ROM 101026 Barina-Waini Neacomys paracou KX792079 ROM 101114 Barina-Waini Guyana Neacomys xingu KX792080 USNM/MDC593 Pará Brazil BMNH KX792081 Cundinamarca Colombia 1899.10.3.34 Neacomys vargasllosai KX792082 MVZ 172650 Puno Peru Neacomys musseri KY754055 MVZ 193763 Acre Brazil Neacomys rosalindae KY859730 MVZ 155299 Amazonas Peru Neacomys macedoruizi KY859731 MUSM 45054b Huánuco Peru Neacomys macedoruizi KY859732 MUSM 45053 c Huánuco Peru Neacomys a. amoenus KY859734 INPA 3058 Acre Brazil Neacomys a. carceleni KY859735 Neacomys a. carceleni KY859736 Neacomys a. carceleni KY859737 Neacomys a. carceleni KY859738 ROM 105282 Napo Ecuador Neacomys minutus "down river" KY859739 MVZ 190360 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" KY859740 MNFS 1734 - Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" KY859741 MNFS 1787 - Brazil Neacomys musseri KY859742 MVZ 171488 Cusco Peru Neacomys minutus "up river" KY886325 MUSM 15993 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "up river" KY886326 INPA 3056 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys spinosus KY886327 MUSM 36928 Amazonas Peru Neacomys xingu MG262333. MZUSP 29540 Vila Rica Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" MT462007 INPA 5387 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" MT462008 INPA 3048 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" MT462009 INPA 3049 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" MT462010 INPA 2689 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "up river" MT462011 INPA 3055 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "up river" MT462012 INPA 3053 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys vargasllosai MT462013 MVZ 172654 Puno Peru Neacomys vargasllosai MT462014 MVZ 172655 Puno Peru Neacomys a. amoenus MT462015 INPA 3059 Acre Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462016 INPA 3064 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462017 INPA 3063 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys a. carceleni MT462018 ROM 105264 Napo Ecuador Neacomys a. amoenus MT462019 MVZ 190634 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462020 MVZ 190635 Amazonas brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462021 INPA 3057 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462022 USNM 584544 Santa Cruz Bolivia Neacomys minutus "down river" MT462023 INPA 5392 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462024 UFPA 1277 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462025 UFPA 1284 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462026 UFPA 1647 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462027 UFPA 1467 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462028 UFPA 1583 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462029 UFPA 1577 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462030 UFPA 1691 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462031 UFPA 1520 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462032 UFPA 1654 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462033 UFPA 1487 Pará Brazil Neacomys sp. 2 MT462034 UFPA 1227 Pará Brazil Neacomys sp. 2 MT462035 UFPA 1530 Pará Brazil Neacomys dubosti MT462036 CN 240 Pará Brazil Neacomys guianae MT462037 INPA 7102 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys guianae MT462038 INPA 7100 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" MT462039 SISPUR 159 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" MT462040 SISPUR 151 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys minutus "down river" MT462041 EE 110 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys paracou MT462042 CN 279 Pará Brazil Neacomys paracou MT462043 CN 263 Pará Brazil Neacomys paracou MT462044 MPEG 40080 Pará Brazil Neacomys paracou MT462045 MPEG 40078 Pará Brazil Neacomys paracou MT462046 CN 129 Pará Brazil Neacomys paracou MT462047 MPEG 40000 Pará Brazil Neacomys paracou MT462048 MPEG 39998 Pará Brazil Neacomys paracou MT462049 INPA 7089 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys paracou MT462050 INPA 7138 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys sp. “clade 6” MT462051 MPEG 45483 Amazonas Brazil Neacomys sp. 2 MT462052 MPEG 42838 Pará Brazil Neacomys sp. 2 MT462053 JUR 82 Pará Brazil Neacomys sp. 2 MT462054 JUR 19 Pará Brazil Neacomys sp. 2 MT462055 UFPA 1413 Pará Brazil Neacomys sp. 2 MT462056 JUR 042 Pará Brazil Neacomys sp. 2 MT462057 MPEG 42901 Pará Brazil Neacomys xingu MT462058 UFMT 1275 Pará Brazil Neacomys xingu MT462059 UFMT 1273 Pará Brazil Neacomys xingu MT462060 UFMT 1268 i Pará Brazil Neacomys xingu MT462061 MPEG 41805 Pará Brazil Neacomys xingu MT462062 MPEG 42019 Pará Brazil Neacomys xingu MT462063 MPEG 41996 Pará Brazil Neacomys xingu MT462064 PSA 69 Pará Brazil Neacomys xingu MT462065 MPEG 41991 Pará Brazil Neacomys xingu MT462066 PSA 46 Pará Brazil Neacomys marajoara MT462067 MPEG 40441 Pará Brazil Neacomys marajoara MT462068 MPEG 40435 Pará Brazil Neacomys marajoara MT462069 MPEG 40434 Pará Brazil Neacomys marajoara MT462070 MPEG 40432 Pará Brazil Neacomys marajoara MT462071 MPEG 40431 Pará Brazil Neacomys marajoara MT462072 MPEG 40429 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462073 UFPA 1736 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462074 UFPA 1444 Pará Brazil Neacomys vossi MT462075 UFPA 1391 Pará Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462076 UFMT 1763 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462077 UFMT 1757 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462078 UFMT 1669 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462079 UFMT 1659 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462080 UFMT 1367 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462081 UFMT 1374 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462082 UFMT 1373 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462083 UFMT 1370 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462084 MAS NB 46 Rondonia Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462085 MSA FM 02 Rondonia Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462086 UFMT 3382 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys a. amoenus MT462087 UFMT 3380 Mato Grosso Brazil Neacomys carceleni MW512653 EAREZ 012 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512654 EAREZ 018 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512655 EAREZ 036 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512665 QCAZ 10364 Pastaza Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512666 QCAZ 15251 Pastaza Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512668 QCAZ 15254 Pastaza Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512669 QCAZ 15805 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512670 QCAZ 15807 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512671 QCAZ 15813 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512672 QCAZ 15814 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512673 QCAZ 15815 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512674 QCAZ 15817 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512696 QCAZ 15818 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512675 QCAZ 16124 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512676 QCAZ 16125 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512678 QCAZ 16406 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512679 QCAZ 16407 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512680 QCAZ 16408 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512681 QCAZ 16412 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512682 QCAZ 16422 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512683 QCAZ 16423 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512684 QCAZ 16424 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512685 QCAZ 4614 Tungurahua Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512686 QCAZ 5308 Pastaza Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512687 QCAZ 7013 Sucumbios Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512688 QCAZ 7182 Sucumbios Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512689 QCAZ 7249 Sucumbios Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512690 QCAZ 7251 Sucumbios Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512691 QCAZ 8163 Orellana Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512692 QCAZ 8827 Morona Santiago Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512693 QCAZ 8828 Morona Santiago Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512694 QCAZ 8832 Morona Santiago Ecuador Neacomys carceleni MW512695 QCAZ 8859 Morona Santiago Ecuador Neacomys auriventer sp. nov MW512656 MEPN 11863 Zamora Chinchipe Ecuador Neacomys auriventer sp. nov MW512657 MEPN 11870 Zamora Chinchipe Ecuador Neacomys auriventer sp. nov MW512662 MEPN 12312 Zamora Chinchipe Ecuador Neacomys auriventer sp. nov MW512663 MEPN 12313 Zamora Chinchipe Ecuador Neacomys auriventer sp. nov MW512664 MEPN 12314 Zamora Chinchipe Ecuador Neacomys auriventer sp. nov MW512661 MEPN 12306 Zamora Chinchipe Ecuador Neacomys auriventer sp. nov MW512658 MEPN 12079 Zamora Chinchipe Ecuador Neacomys auriventer sp. nov MW512659 MEPN 12086 Zamora Chinchipe Ecuador Neacomys auriventer sp. nov MW512660 MEPN 12110 Zamora Chinchipe Ecuador Neacomys rosalindae MW512667 QCAZ 15253 Pastaza Ecuador Neacomys rosalindae MW512677 QCAZ 16404 Orellana Ecuador Outgroups Thomasomys daphne AF108673 MVZ171502 Puno Peru Thomasomys ischyurus AF108675 MVZ182003 Cajamarca Peru Thomasomys kalinowskii AF108678 MVZ172598 Junin Peru juruaense AF108696 INPA2489 - Brazil AF527419 KU158213 Loreto Peru palustris EU074639 EVGL06 Florida United State altissimus EU579502 QCAZ8353 Azuay Ecuador balneator EU579510 AMNH268144 Cajamarca Peru EU579518 AMNH272721 Loreto Peru GU126533 ROM101537 Santa Ana El Salvador flavescens GU185922 PV32 San Jose Uruguay Thomasomys taczanowskii KR818885 TEL2388 Carchi Ecuador Thomasomys paramorum KR818893 TEL2380 Carchi Ecuador Thomasomys vulcani KR818904 TEL2746 Carchi Ecuador

Table S3. Gazetteer for Neacomys auriventer sp. nov., N. carceleni, N. tenuipes and N. rosalindae. Locality number according to Fig. 9.

Museum Specimen Especie Country Provincia Locality Lat Long Elevation Source #Locality MEPN11846 N. auriventer sp. nov. Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Las Peñas -3.77679 -78.49572 1633 This study 1 MEPN12087 N. auriventer sp. nov. Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe El Zarza -3.80504 -78.50673 1460 This study 2 MEPN12081 N. auriventer sp. nov. Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Paquisha Alto -3.92000 -78.49250 1885 This study 3 QCAZ16499 N. auriventer sp. nov. Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Campamento Curigem -3.60794 -78.40489 1804 This study 4 MECN5423 N. auriventer sp. nov. Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Vía Canales -3.58183 -78.41053 1885 This study 5 MECN3366 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Bloque 27 0.311687 -76.1713 282 This study 6 MEPN6519 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Charip 0.3 -77.13 300 This study 7 MECN3468 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Barranco Bermejo, Sector AWIE 0.29864 -77.1468 375 This study 8 MECN3126 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos La Balsareñita 0.214043 -76.6388 284 This study 9 MECN3235 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Recinto Sansahuari 0.20077 -76.282 246 This study 10 MEPN9589 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Campo Charapa 0.197 -76.816 300 This study 11 MECN3220 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Santa Elena 0.131484 -76.6388 287 This study 12 QCAZ10080 N. carceleni Ecuador Pastaza Cercanías Río Lliquino 0.128328 -77.2966 This study 13 MEPN7592 N. carceleni Ecuador Napo Cascada San Rafael -0.1 -77.57 1400 This study 14 Limoncocha, Comuna QCAZ10130 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos -0.312507 -76.6572 239 This study Yamanunka 15 QCAZ7013 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Comunidad de Zábalo -0.31812 -75.7662 233 This study 16 QCAZ4000 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Huamayacu -0.32031 -76.9232 300 This study 17 MEPN10409 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Santa Elena -0.359 -76.578 300 This study 18

MECN3766 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Vicente Rocafuerte -0.370755 -76.7128 This study 19

QCAZ3733 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Pañacocha -0.39667 -76.1239 210 This study 20 QCAZ739 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Reserva Biológica Limoncocha -0.4079 -76.6206 220 This study 21 QCAZ16406 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Pompeya Sur -0.444983 -76.6029 250 This study 22 MEPN11990 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Pañacocha -0.451 -76.07 200 This study 23 QCAZ7182 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Destacamento Patria, hito 63. -0.46503 -75.3451 200 This study 24 Parque Nacional Yasuní. Comuna QCAZ15807 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Intillama, cerca de la quebrada -0.476836 -76.5745 250 This study Palometa. 25 QCAZ15817 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Parque Nacional Yasuní. Palometa -0.479491 -76.5679 262 This study 26 MEPN7612 N. carceleni Ecuador Sucumbíos Zancudo -0.55 -75.48 200 This study 27 Llunchi, an island on the northern side of the Rio Napo, west of the UMMZ80171 N. carceleni Ecuador Napo -0.616667 -76.7667 250 This study 28 mouth of the Rio Jivino, type locality QCAZ8163 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Puente de Dosel Chiru -0.617063 -75.8905 This study 29 MEPN10541 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Guiyero -0.622 -76.493 240 This study 30 Parque Nacional Yasuni, QCAZ16412 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana -0.633343 -76.461 270 This study Comunidad Guiyero Km 35 31 MECN2404 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Onkone Gare -0.652778 -76.4333 This study 32 MECN5691 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Campo Pindo -0.671491 -76.8035 311 This study 33 Parque Nacional Yasuni. Estación QCAZ16124 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana -0.67819 -76.3966 This study Científica Yasuní 34 EAREZ012 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Estación Cientifica Yasuní -0.67962 -76.3946 265 This study 35 MEPN6314 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Comuna Amazonas del Huataraco -0.7 -77.3333 500 This study 36 MEPN11510 N. carceleni Ecuador Napo Huamaní -0.72 -77.61 1250 This study 37 MEPN6315 N. carceleni Ecuador Napo Río Huataraco -0.72 -77.53 1060 This study 38 MECN858 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Pompeya Sur -0.73162 -76.4641 This study 39 MEPN11576 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Huiruno -0.738 -77.33 574 This study 40 MEPN9433 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Río Pucuno -0.77 -77.3 400 This study 41 MECN2412 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Pompeya -0.79787 -76.6155 This study 42 Parque Nacional Yasuní, Repsol, QCAZ14796 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana -0.829511 -76.3329 317 This study cercanías SPF 43 MEPN7421 N. carceleni Ecuador Napo Challuayacu centro comunal -0.87 -77.83 1200 This study 44 MEPN6312 N. carceleni Ecuador Napo Tutacano -0.88 -77.58 950 This study 45 QCAZ5210 N. carceleni Ecuador Napo Puerto Misahualli -1.03012 -77.6675 462 This study 46 QCAZ15251 N. carceleni Ecuador Pastaza Parque Nacional Llanganates -1.35288 -78.0632 1350 This study 47 Cuevas de Mera, Vía Mera-Santa QCAZ5308 N. carceleni Ecuador Pastaza -1.40165 -78.0418 1246 This study 48 Rosa QCAZ4586 N. carceleni Ecuador Tungurahua Río Negro, vía Baños-Puyo -1.40823 -78.21030 1275 This study 49 QCAZ9959 N. carceleni Ecuador Pastaza Campamento Villano B -1.45319 -77.442 390 This study 50 MEPN5919 N. carceleni Ecuador Pastaza Mera -1.46 -78.11 1150 This study 51 QCAZ10305 N. carceleni Ecuador Pastaza Comunidad de Paparahua -1.4917 -77.4147 340 This study 52 QCAZ10364 N. carceleni Ecuador Pastaza Comunidad Kurintza -1.506 -77.5098 370 This study 53 QCAZ4016 N. carceleni Ecuador Orellana Laguna de San Jose de Chamanal -1.58892 -76.9758 345 This study 54 MEPN6313 N. carceleni Ecuador Pastaza Danta -1.77 -76.79 250 This study 55 Río Sardinayacu, Parque Nacional 56 MECN4204 N. carceleni Ecuador Morona Santiago Sangay -2.03800 -78.22740 1400 This study MECN4188 N. carceleni Ecuador Morona Santiago Danu, Parque Nacional Sangay -2.078778 -78.1507 1541 This study 57 Maynas, Curaray River mouth, Hurtado & Pacheco AMNH71517 N. carceleni Peru Loreto -2.36667 -74.0833 58 Curaray River mouth (2017) QCAZ8827 N. carceleni Ecuador Morona Santiago Vía Limón - Macas -2.90613 -78.39530 1000 This study 59 QCAZ8859 N. carceleni Ecuador Morona Santiago Vía Limón - Plan de Milagro -3.03527 -78.4893 1600 This study 60 MEPN7575 N. carceleni Ecuador Morona Santiago San Carlos Del Limón -3.20000 -78.43000 950 This study 61 Rio Samiria, Biological Station FMNH122962 N. carceleni Peru Loreto "Pithecia", Río Samiria, -3.30578 -74.623 This study Biological Station "Pithecia" 62 Datem del Marañon Andoas, MUSM25883 N. carceleni Peru Loreto -3.52 -76.27 This study Sabaloyacu 63 MECN5095 N. carceleni Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Valle del Quimi -3.58183 -78.41053 1057 This study 64 Rio Amazonas, Rio Amazonas, FMNH88947 N. carceleni Peru Loreto -3.7 -71.4833 This study boca Rio Peruate 65 Maynas, Punchana, Comunidad de MUSM30356 N. carceleni Peru Loreto Manacamiri, Río Nanay, -3.708531 -73.301 This study 66 Fundo Morropon Maynas, Iquitos, Colonia, MUSM33923 N. carceleni Peru Loreto Criadero en -3.746131 -73.2432 This study 67 Laboratorio Casa Pevas 354 MEPN11863 N. carceleni Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Vía Pindal-Las Peñas -3.74900 -78.55000 1442 This study 68 QCAZ15895 N. carceleni Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe El Quimi -3.78500 -78.93139 1100 This study 69 Maynas, San Juan Bautista, MUSM33929 N. carceleni Peru Loreto Iquitos Avicola San Miguel, Km 3 -3.8073 -73.3115 This study 70 carretera Iquitos-Nauta Maynas, San Juan Bautista, MUSM33891 N. carceleni Peru Loreto -3.82121 -73.1994 This study Manzanillo Río Amazonas 71 Maynas, San Juan Bautista, Moralillo, 1.5 km E 400 m S del MUSM30367 N. carceleni Peru Loreto -3.90905 -73.3431 This study km 15.2 de la carretera Iquitos- Nauta 72 Maynas, San Juan Bautista, 1 km MUSM30335 N. carceleni Peru Loreto E km 25.3 de la carretera Iquitos- -3.9659 -73.4043 This study Nauta, Fundo San Martín 73 Maynas, San Juan MUSM33881 N. carceleni Peru Loreto Bautista, El Paujil km 37 carretera -4.053981 -73.4412 This study Iquitos-Nauta 74 Maynas, San Juan Bautista, El MUSM33926 N. carceleni Peru Loreto Triunfo Km 48 carretera Iquitos- -4.150569 -73.4683 This study Nauta 75 Maynas, San Juan Bautista, La Habana km 54.5 carretera Iquitos- MUSM33930 N. carceleni Peru Loreto -4.20788 -73.4877 This study 76 Nauta, 0.78 km O del camino Nauta, Lote 124, Sector 10, Nueva MUSM26973 N. carceleni Peru Loreto -4.33553 -74.1309 This study 77 Conquista MVZ155014 N. carceleni Peru Amazonas Huampami, Rio Cenepa -4.466703 -78.1667 This study 78 FMNH87206 N. carceleni Peru Loreto Rio Samiria, Santa Elena -4.833333 -74.2167 This study 79 MUSM23812 N. carceleni Peru Loreto Requena, Jenaro Herrera -4.90472 -73.6728 This study 80 Requena, Centro de MUSM15993 N. carceleni Peru Loreto -4.917 -73.75 This study Investigaciones Jenaro Herrera 81 FMNH19653 N. carceleni Peru Loreto Yurimaguas, Yurimaguas -5.9 -76.0833 This study 82 MECN3127 N. rosalindae Ecuador Sucumbíos La Balsareñita 0.214043 -76.6388 284 This study 83 MECN3217 N. rosalindae Ecuador Sucumbíos Santa Elena 0.131484 -76.6388 287 This study 84 Parque Nacional Yasuni, Pompeya QCAZ16404 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana -0.444983 -76.6029 250 This study Km 1 85 MECN793 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Pompeya Sur -0.45313 -76.6035 This study 86 MECN2333 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Comunidad Jabali -0.460109 -77.0597 This study 87 Parque Nacional Yasuní. Comuna QCAZ15806 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Intillama, cerca de la quebrada -0.476836 -76.5745 250 This study 88 Palometa. QCAZ15811 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Parque Nacional Yasuní. Palometa -0.479491 -76.5679 258 This study 89 MECN968 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Pompeya Sur -0.626682 -76.4601 This study 90 QCAZ16426 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Parque Nacional Yasuni, Guiyero -0.633343 -76.461 270 This study 91 QCAZ7976 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Puente de Dosel Chichico -0.650326 -75.9055 200 This study 92 MECN664 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Pompeya Sur -0.652778 -76.4333 This study 93 QCAZ11453 N. rosalindae Ecuador Napo Wild Sumaco Lodge -0.675927 -77.6 1470 This study 94 MECN4159 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Santa Maria Huririma -0.764766 -75.5784 This study 95 MECN3652 N. rosalindae Ecuador Orellana Nenke -0.827903 -75.9162 229 This study 96 Bosque Montano Bajo de la QCAZ16659 N. rosalindae Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe -0.958386 -78.501 1569 This study 97 Cordillera del Cóndor Kutuku QCAZ11784 N. rosalindae Ecuador Napo Yuralpa, estero Canoayacu -0.9997 -77.3963 400 This study 98 QCAZ13341 N. rosalindae Ecuador Pastaza Oglán -1.25699 -77.6544 This study 99 Cantón Mera. Parque Nacional QCAZ15252 N. rosalindae Ecuador Pastaza -1.35288 -78.0632 1350 This study 100 Llanganates. Borde oriental QCAZ10748 N. rosalindae Ecuador Pastaza Tarangaro -1.40062 -77.3835 This study 101 Campamento Villano B (AGIP). QCAZ10210 N. rosalindae Ecuador Pastaza -1.45319 -77.442 390 This study Río Lliquino 102 QCAZ10658 N. rosalindae Ecuador Pastaza Campamento K10 -1.47484 -77.5316 495 This study 103 QCAZ10082 N. rosalindae Ecuador Pastaza Campamento K4. AGIP -1.476134 -77.4851 This study 104 QCAZ10297 N. rosalindae Ecuador Pastaza Paparahua -1.4917 -77.4147 340 This study 105 QCAZ10363 N. rosalindae Ecuador Pastaza Comunidad Kurintza -1.506 -77.5098 370 This study 106 Parque Nacional Sangay, Borde QCAZ15204 N. rosalindae Ecuador Morona Santiago -2.09486 -78.1604 1490 This study 107 oriental MECN468 N. rosalindae Ecuador Morona Santiago Taisha -2.340712 -77.4591 491 This study 108 Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM17587 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto Loreto, Tigre, Pucacuro River -2.711389 -75.5003 109 al. (2018) QCAZ17451 N. rosalindae Ecuador Morona Santiago Cordillera de Kutukú -2.784556 -78.1401 1925 This study 110 Recreo. Vía Limón - Plan de QCAZ8857 N. rosalindae Ecuador Morona Santiago -3.03527 -78.4893 1600 This study Milagro 111 Maynas, Punchana, Punto Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM37677 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto -3.482158 -73.4244 130 Alegre al. (2018) 112 Datem del Marañón, Andoas, Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM25883 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto -3.52 -76.27 180 Sabaloyacu al. (2018) 113 MECN3583 N. rosalindae Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Sector Mirador Norte -3.550737 -78.4429 1102 This study 114 QCAZ12041 N. rosalindae Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Punto Control -3.56677 -78.4265 1250 This study 115 MECN5689 N. rosalindae Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe Valle del Quimi -3.591016 -78.4621 1011 This study 116 Cantón El Pangui. Parroquia QCAZ16137 N. rosalindae Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe -3.610599 -78.4632 1060 This study 117 Tundami. Localidad ECSA Condorcanqui, El Cenapa, margen Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM27063 N. rosalindae Peru Amazonas -3.642189 -78.3101 758 118 derecho de la Quebrada Wee al. (2018) La Zarza. Punto de muestreo, QCAZ17743 N. rosalindae Ecuador Zamora Chinchipe -3.760396 -78.5057 1430 This study 119 borde 1 Condorcanqui, El Cenepa, margen Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM27061 N. rosalindae Peru Amazonas -3.777111 -78.3355 690 - 732 120 derecho de la Quebrada Wee al. (2018) Loreto, Trompeteros, Nueva Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM41136 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto -3.817219 -75.0487 143 Unión al. (2018) 121 Maynas, San Juan Bautista, Llanchama near to the Varillal Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM44964 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto -3.866022 -73.4107 105 station of the Allpahuayo-Mishana al. (2018) National Reserve 122 Maynas, San Juan Bautista, Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM44662 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto -3.871247 -73.3965 114 Llanchama al. (2018) 123 Maynas, San Juan Bautista, Nuevo Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM33875 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto Horizonte km 39 road Iquitos– -4.073911 -73.4571 120 al. (2018) Nauta 124 Maynas, San Juan Bautista, San Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM33896 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto Lucas -4.118331 -73.4513 120 al. (2018) km 44 road Iquitos–Nauta 125 Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM33889 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto Maynas, San Juan Bautista -4.144739 -73.4608 120 126 al. (2018) Alto Amazonas, Pastaza, Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM16414 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto Huangana aprox 7.25 km al -4.237469 -76.5685 127 al. (2018) NW de la boca del Río Pastaza Condorcanqui, El Cenepa, Sánchez-Vendizú et MVZ153530 N. rosalindae Peru Amazonas -4.456667 -78.1683 128 Huampami al. (2018) Loreto, Urarinas, San Antonio de Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM16422 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto -4.536189 -75.7226 129 Bancal al. (2018) Alto Amazonas, Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM16420 N. rosalindae Peru Loreto Pastaza, Trueno aprox 2 km al NO -4.647781 -76.4499 130 al. (2018) de la boca del Río Pastaza Bagua, Imaza, Comunidad Sánchez-Vendizú et MUSM12034 N. rosalindae Peru Amazonas -5.013528 -78.3414 Aguaruna Yamayakat al. (2018) 131 QCAZ891 N. tenuipes Ecuador Cotopaxi Las Damas -0.4289 -78.9963 This study 132 QCAZ808 N. tenuipes Ecuador Cotopaxi Reserva La Otonga -0.4215 -78.9677 This study 133 QCAZ18677 N. tenuipes Ecuador Pichincha Mashpi Loge 0.1666 -78.88 900 This study 134 MEPN11720 N. tenuipes Ecuador Imbabura Cielo Verde 0.226 -78.914 540 This study 135 MECN3058 N. tenuipes Ecuador Esmeraldas Muisne. Rio San Francisco 0.66047 -80.0652 8 This study 136 MEPN9210 N. tenuipes Ecuador Esmeraldas Río Bravo 0.67 -78.93 100 This study 137 MECN2965 N. tenuipes Ecuador Carchi Vía San Juan 0.758888 -78.251 280 This study 138 MECN5919 N. tenuipes Ecuador Carchi Reserva Dracula 0.97415 -78.2176 1630 This study 139 MECN6013 N. tenuipes Ecuador Carchi Reserva Dracula 0.99218 -78.2371 1150 This study 140 MECN5357 N. tenuipes Ecuador Carchi Pailon 0.998889 -78.2625 1269 This study 141 Sánchez-Vendizú et FMNH71768 N. tenuipes Colombia Huíla Acevedo, Rio Aguas Claras 1.630561 -75.9917 al. (2018) 142 BMNH1899.10 Guaquimay, near Bogotá Type Sánchez-Vendizú et N. tenuipes Colombia Cundinamarca 5.428889 -74.2029 .3.34 locality al. (2018) 143 Sánchez-Vendizú et FMNH71778 N. tenuipes Colombia Boyaca Muzo, Muzo 5.533331 -74.1 al. (2018) 144 Sánchez-Vendizú et FMNH70119 N. tenuipes Colombia Antioquia Valdivia, Quebrada Valdivia 7.183333 -75.45 al. (2018) 145 Falcón, Serranía de San Luís, JC Sánchez-Vendizú et AMNH276526 N. tenuipes Desconocido 11.199 -69.5556 146 Falcón National Park al. (2018)

Fig. S1. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Maximum Likelihood analysis. The red dashed line indicates the differences found in the phylogenetic relationships of certain

species compared to the tree resulting from the Bayesian Inference analysis.

Fig. S2. Dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) view of Neacomys species that inhabit eastern Ecuador. Neacomys auriventer sp. nov, (MEPN 12081) above; N. rosalindae

(MECN 5824) center and N. carceleni (MECN 5865) below. LITERATURE CITED

Sánchez-Vendizú P., V. Pacheco & D. Vivas-Ruiz. 2018. An Introduction to the

systematics of small-bodied Neacomys (Rodentia: ) from Peru with

descriptions of two new species. American Museum Novitates 3913:1–38.

https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.156671

Hurtado, N., & V. Pacheco. 2017. Revision of Neacomys spinosus (Thomas, 1882)

(Rodentia: Cricetidae) with emphasis on Peruvian populations and the description

of a new species. Zootaxa 4242:401–440. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3