Update of the Delineation of Groundwater Bodies and the Design of a Groundwater Monitoring Network in the Pripyat River Basin District in Belarus

European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+): Results 2 and 3

ENI/2016/372-403

UPDATE OF THE DELINEATION OF GROUNDWATER BODIES AND THE DESIGN OF A GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK IN THE PRIPYAT RIVER BASIN DISTRICT IN BELARUS

Final Report

Minsk, December 2018

Responsible EU member state consortium project leader

Michael Sutter, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) EUWI+ country representative in Belarus

Alexandr Stankevich Responsible international thematic lead expert

Andreas Scheidleder, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT)

Authors

Olga Biarozka Olga Vasniova Ihar Vitsen

Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+ 4 EaP) is implemented by the UNECE, OECD, responsible for the implementation of Result 1 and an EU member state consortium of Austria, managed by the lead coordinator Umweltbundesamt, and of France, managed by the International Office for Water, responsible for the implementation of Result 2 and 3.

This document, the technical report on “UPDATE OF THE DELINEATION OF GROUNDWATER BODIES AND THE DESIGN OF A GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK IN THE PRIPYAT RIVER BASIN DISTRICT IN BELARUS”, was produced by the EU member state consortium with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or the Governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area.

Imprint

Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Office International de’l Eau (IOW) 21/23 rue de Madrid 75008 Paris, FRANC Responsible IOW Communication officer: Yunona Videnina [email protected] December 2018

Groundwater body delineation and monitoring in Pripyat river basin - Belarus Final Report

CONTENTS

1 Executive summary ...... 9 2 Introduction and scope ...... 10 3 Description of the river Pripyat ...... 11 3.1 Brief physical and geographical information ...... 11 3.2 Geological and hydrogeological conditions ...... 12 3.3 Importance of groundwater for use (resources, reserves) ...... 13 3.4 The most significant ecosystems and Nature-protected areas ...... 13 3.4.1 The most significant ecosystems ...... 13 3.4.2 Nature-protected areas ...... 14 3.4.3 Sources of influence (anthropogenic and technogenic) ...... 15 4 Groundwater bodies in the basin of the river Pripyat ...... 17 4.1 Brief description of ground water bodies in the Pripyat river basin to be included in the river basin management plan ...... 19 4.1.1 Ground water bodies of Quaternary age(Shallow ground water bodies) ...... 19 4.1.2 Ground water bodies of pre-Quaternary age(deep tiers of groundwater) ...... 21 4.1.3 Local ground water body (economically particularly important water body) ...... 22 4.2 Characteristics of ground water bodies ...... 23 4.2.1 Groundwater body BYPRGW0OO1- aquifer Holocene swamp horizon (bIV)...... 23 4.2.2 2 Groundwater body BYPRGW02 - bearing Holocene alluvial, alluvial lace-land, lace-land lake-alluvial horizon(s) (aIV,aIIIpz,laIIIpz)...... 23 4.2.3 Groundwater body BYPRGW0003 – aquifer sozhsci namereny fluvioglacial horizon (fIIszs)...... 24 4.2.4 Ground water body BYPRGW0004-water-bearing Dnieper-Sozhsky water-glacial complex(f,lgIId-sz)...... 25 4.2.5 Groundwater body BYPRGW0005 – Dnieper water-bearing namereny fluvioglacial horizon (fIIds)...... 26 4.2.6 Groundwater body BYPRGW0006 –aquifer Berezina-Dnieper water-ice and Paleogene and Neogene complex (f,lgIbr-IId + (P+N)...... 27 4.2.7 Groundwater body BYPRGW0007 -water-bearing Cretaceous carbonate- terrigenous horizon ...... 28 4.2.8 Groundwater body BYPRGW0008 -aquiferous Upper Devonian terrigenous- carbonate complex...... 29 4.2.9 Groundwater body BYPRGW0009 -is an aquifer Pinsky and Vendian terrigenous complex...... 30 4.2.10 Groundwater body BYPRGW0010-water-bearing archaean-Lower Proterozoic terrigenous complex (Mikashevichi quarry)...... 31 4.2.11 Groundwater body BYPRGW0011 -local water object (Soligorsk industrial rayon) ...... 31

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4.3 List of identified pressures (loads) associated with groundwater for each groundwater body, including potential pollutants and the most important ecosystems ...... 33 4.4 Uncertainties, open problems and gaps in data / information ...... 39 5 current situation of GW Monitoring in natural and disturbed operation conditions in the Pripyat river basin ...... 40 5.1 Brief description of the water legislation of the Republic of Belarus (including the Pripyat river basin) ...... 40 5.2 Development of groundwater monitoring in the territory of the Republic of Belarus (including the Pripyat river basin)...... 41 5.3 Natural regime of groundwater in the Pripyat river basin ...... 43 5.3.1 Factors of formation of hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical groundwater regimes in the Pripyat river basin ...... 44 5.3.2 Hydrogeochemical analysis of groundwater data of the Pripyat river basin for 2017 ...... 47 5.3.3 Hydrodynamic analysis of groundwater data of the Pripyat river basin for 2017 ...... 52 5.4 Disturbed groundwater regime in the Pripyat river basin ...... 53 5.5 Local groundwater monitoring in the Pripyat riverbasin ...... 61 5.6 Inventory of existing groundwater monitoring sites ...... 61 5.6.1 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in GWB BYPRGW0001 and BYPRGW0002...... 65 5.6.2 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0003 ...... 67 5.6.3 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0004 ...... 68 5.6.4 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0005 ...... 69 5.6.5 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0006 ...... 70 5.6.6 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0007 ...... 71 5.6.7 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0008 ...... 72 5.6.8 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0009 ...... 73 5.6.9 Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites of ground water bodies BYPRGW0010 and BYPRGW0011 ...... 74 6 proposed revised network of GW monitoring – basis for further discussion ...... 76 6.1 Requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive for groundwater monitoring ...... 76 6.2 Proposals and recommendations on the optimal regime network of wells and GW monitoring in accordance with the requirements of the EU WFD...... 78 6.2.1 Description of the methodology for the analysis of the groundwater monitoring network and proposals for the establishment of new observation points ...... 78 6.2.2 Current situation on groundwater monitoring ...... 79 6.2.3 Integration of regime network of wells ...... 79 6.2.4 Measures to improve groundwater monitoring ...... 85 6.2.5 Groundwater monitoring data management ...... 87 6.3 Proposed investment needs for groundwater monitoring ...... 89 6.3.1 List of one-time and fixed investment and operating costs ...... 89

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6.3.2 Summary of one-time costs (well drilling, installation of level gauges) ...... 91 6.3.3 Summary of fixed costs (inspection, sampling, chemical analyses) ...... 92 6.4 Technical characteristics of investment needs ...... 93 6.4.1 Monitoring network equipment ...... 93 6.4.2 Sampling equipment ...... 94 6.4.3 Field measurement equipment ...... 94 6.4.4 Summary of required equipment ...... 96 6.5 Uncertainties, issues and gaps of data/information ...... 97 7 Conclusions and lessons learned...... 98 7.1 Conclusions ...... 98 7.2 Lessons learned ...... 99 8 Bibliography ...... 100 Annexes ...... 101 Annex 1: List of all groundwater bodies in the Pripyat river basin ...... 101 Annex 2: Characteristics of groundwater bodies ...... 102 Annex 3: Overview of prepared GIS layers and datasets ...... 124 Annex 4: Implemented road map ...... 129 Annex 5: Guide to groundwater selection adapted to the situation in Belarus ...... 132

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List of Tables Table 1: Resources and reserves of groundwater used in the Pripyat river basin ...... 13 Table 2: Typification of technogenic objects (loads) by the nature of impact on fresh groundwater .... 16 Table 3: List of allocated ground water bodies ...... 18 Table 4: Ground water bodies in the Pripyat river basin to be included in the RBMP ...... 19 Table 5: List of identified pressures (loads) associated with groundwater for each groundwater body, including potential pollutants and the most important ecosystems ...... 33 Table 6: List of aquifers (complexes) that are under observation in the Pripyat river basin ...... 44 Table 7: Average (for last 5 years) groundwater chemical composition (background values) of the main aquifers and complexes of the active water exchange zone in the territory of basin Pripyat ...... 45 Table 8: The revealed exceedances of the maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants in the ground waters of the Pripyat river basin in 2014-2017...... 48 Table 9: List of water intakes located in the territory of the Pripyat river basin and their main exploited aquifers (complexes) ...... 53 Table 10: The list of water intakes located in the Pripyat river basin on which regime observations are carried out ...... 56 Table 11: List of water intakes, observation wells and aquifers (complexes) ...... 56 Table 12: Maximum reduction of groundwater levels in the operated water-bearing complexes at the water intakes of the Pripyat river basin ...... 57 Table 13: The maximum allowable concentration of components in groundwater identified in the process of exploitation of existing water intakes in 2014 – 2017 ...... 59 Table 14: Existing groundwater monitoring network in the Pripyat riverbasin ...... 62 Table 15: Inventory of sites and measuring equipment on which ground watermonitoring on the Pripyat river basin is potentially carried out or can be carried out ...... 64 Table 16: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the water body BYPRGW0002 ...... 66 Table 17: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the ground water body BYPRGW0003 ...... 67 Table 18: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the ground water body BYPRGW0004 ...... 68 Table 19: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the ground water body BYPRGW0005 ...... 69 Table 20: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the ground water body BYPRGW0006 ...... 70 Table 21: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the water body BYPRGW0007 ...... 71 Table 22: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the water body BYPRGW0008 ...... 72 Table 23: Inventory of existing groundwater monitoring sites and measuring equipment for ground water body BYPRGW0009 ...... 73 Table 24: Number of observation wells in relation to the water body area ...... 80 Table 25: Recommendations for improvement of GW monitoring network of wells of the basin of the river Pripyat ...... 81 Table 26: List of controlled components for GW surveillance monitoring ...... 83 Table 27: List of controlled parameters for GW operational monitoring ...... 83 Table 28: The list of controlled parameters ...... 84 Table 29: Existing groundwater monitoring system ...... 85 Table 30: Estimated/proposed groundwater monitoring system ...... 86 Table 31: Total cost of drilling observation wells ...... 91 Table 32: Groundwater bodies and their investment costs ...... 92 Table 33: General information on the fixed costs of observation monitoring at observation points...... 92

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Table 34: General information on fixed costs of operational monitoring at observation points ...... 92 Table 35: Total cost of additional equipment...... 96 Table 36: Ranking of additional equipment ...... 96

List of Figures Figure 1: Map-scheme of hydrogeological posts location on the territory of the Pripyat ...... 43 Figure 2: Schematic map of the location of water intakes in the Pripyat river basin ...... 53 Figure 3: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0001 ...... 65 Figure 4: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0002 ...... 66 Figure 5: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0003 ...... 67 Figure 6: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0004 ...... 68 Figure 7: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0005 ...... 69 Figure 8: Ground water pre-Quaternary BODY BYPRGW0006...... 70 Figure 9: Ground water pre-Quaternary bodyBYPRGW0007 ...... 71 Figure 10: Groundwater pre-Quaternary body BYPRGW0008 ...... 72 Figure 11: Groundwater pre-Quaternary body BYPRGW0009 ...... 73 Figure 12: Groundwaterpre-Quaternary body BYPRGW0010 ...... 74 Figure 13: Local ground water body BYPRGW0011 "Soligorsk industrial complex" ...... 75 Figure 14: Organigram of data management ...... 88

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Abbreviations DG NEAR ...... Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations of the European Commission EaP ...... Eastern Partnership EC ...... European Commission EPIRB ...... Environmental Protection of International River Basins EU ...... European Union EU-MS ...... EU-Member States EUWI+ ...... European Union Water Initiative Plus GIS ...... Geographic information system IOWater/OIEau .... International Office for Water, France OECD ...... Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development RBD ...... River Basin District RBMP ...... River Basin Management Plan SEIS ...... Shared environmental information system SWC ………………State water cadastre TA ...... Technical Assistance ToR ...... Terms of References UBA ...... Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Environment Agency Austria UNECE ...... United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WFD ...... Water Framework Directive

Country Specific Abbreviations Belarus BSCA ...... Belarusian State Centre for Accreditation CRICUWR ...... Central Research Institute for Complex Use of Water Resources Minprirody ...... The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment protection NSSD ...... National Strategy for Sustainable Development

Glossary of important terms Hydrogeological post-consists of several observation wells, which are equipped on different aquifers and located in natural conditions. The observation point is an observation well, the equipment of which allows to carry out instrumental observations of the state of groundwater. The observation site is the same as the observation point, i.e. the observation well. An observation well is a hydrogeological well designed to monitor the regime of groundwater (level, temperature, chemical composition). A conserved well is a well that is equipped but not used, but can be reused in the future. Well preservation is performed to protect underground sources of drinking water from pollution and is carried out strictly in accordance with the technical regulatory legal act (TCH 17.04-21-2010 (02120). An active well is a hydrogeological well that operates and is used to monitor the groundwater regime (water level, temperature and/or chemical composition).

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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The report comprises the identification and delineation of groundwater bodies and the review and revision of the current groundwater monitoring design in the Pripyat river basin in the Republic of Belarus. The GWBs are the management units under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and all further implementation steps which regard to groundwater are linked to these GWBs. The work started with the compilation and description of the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the Pripyat river basin and the definition of the main criteria for the identification and delineation of groundwater bodies in accordance with the requirements of the EU WFD. Extensive information on the geological structure, the hydrogeological conditions, lithology, flow directions or river catchments and the human pressures on the aquifers in the Pripyat river basin has been collected, generalized and analysed. In total 11 groundwater bodies have been identified and delineated according to the established criteria and finally comprehensively characterised by a standardised template, describing the general hydrogeological characteristics of the predominant aquifers, the hydrological aspects of groundwater renewal, the most important human pressures and the associated pollutants and furthermore, their connection with associated aquatic and groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems. This characterisation of groundwater bodies will feed into the Pripyat River Basin Management Plan. The GWBs were delineated in GIS and illustrated on maps. The associated GIS shape files of the GWBs are described by a metadata template and will be the basis for further work and illustrations when implementing the further groundwater aspects of the WFD.

The overall groundwater quantity and quality monitoring situation and design in the Republic of Belarus, use of monitoring data, responsibilities and data management as well as the individual monitoring situation for each of the 11 groundwater bodies has been described and analysed. The inventory of existing groundwater monitoring sites in the Pripyat river basin is completed by individual characterisation passports for each site. Proposals and recommendations for an optimization of the monitoring network and monitoring design towards compliance with the EU Water Framework Directive are given. The investment and financial needs distinuguish between one-time investements and costs (e.g. drilling, installation of level gauges) and permanent investment and operating costs (e. inspection, sampling, chemical analysis). Four of eleven GWBs have insufficient number ofmonitoring sites and 14 additional monitoring sites are proposed to be installed. Groundwater body BYPRGW0001 which is a shallow Holocene aquifer is currently not covered by any monitoring site and needs specific attention in future.. The new GWBs build the basis for the ongoing preparation of the Pripyat River Basin Management Plan, in particular the risk assessment as the next step. The review of the monitoring design builds the basis for concrete monitoring network improvement within the EUWI+ project in the coming months. All results and documents which were elaborated under this contract are public and accessible at the EUWI+ project website (www.euwipluseast.eu).

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2 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE

Water resources of the Republic of Belarus are one of the key elements of sustainable development management in the Republic of Belarus. Currently, the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter – RB) has no problems with the lack of this resource. The forecast operating resources of fresh groundwater in the whole country are estimated at 49.596 thousand m3/day. The potential use of groundwater is characterized by its natural resources, which are 43.560 thousand m3/day. [16]. Despite the relatively large resources and reserves of fresh ground waters of the country, Belarus needs to carry out the preservation of the ground water potential in terms of climate change, anthropogenic influence, etc. In order to preserve the water resource potential of the Republic of Belarus, water legislation of the Republic of Belarus has been developed and is based on the norms of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus and consists of the Water code of the Republic of Belarus of 30.04.2014 and other legislative acts [17]. According to article 15 of the Water code of the Republic of Belarus the country must to develop the river basin management Plans (article 19). The presented report is an integral part of the development of the Pripyat river basin management Plan, which will provide the necessary support in the field of sustainable water resources management in the Pripyat river basin and strategic decision-making using the basin approach. The aim of the project is to support public administration in the implementation of the principles of the Water Framework Directive, followed by the development of the Pripyat river basin management Plan (RBMP). The following tasks were solved: studying geological and hydrogeological conditions of the basin of the Pripyat river; identification the key criteria for allocation of ground water bodies; differentiation (composed of maps of scale 1:500.000), and selected water bodies of the Pripyat river basin (highlighted in 11 water bodies); reviewing existing national system of groundwater monitoring with respect to the selected water bodies. Inventorying existing groundwater monitoring sites. The proposals on the network of groundwatermonitoring in the Pripyat river basin, including regime network, hydrodynamic, hydrogeochemical parameters, frequency of observations are given. The list of one-time and permanent investment costs and operating costs, as well as summary information on one-time costs (drilling, installation of level gauges) and fixed costs (inspection, sampling, chemical analysis). The report presents the technical characteristics of investment needs, including equipment for groundwater monitoring network, water sampling and field measurements.

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3 DESCRIPTION OF THE RIVER PRIPYAT

3.1 Brief physical and geographical information

Administrative division: The Pripyat river basin within the Republic of Belarus occupies a fourth of the entire territory of the country. The area of the Belarusian part of the Pripyat catchment is almost 44% of the total area of the Dnieper basin within the borders of Belarus. The Pripyat catchment is located in five (of six) regions (12 administrative districts of Gomel region, 11 – Minsk, 11 – Brest, 3- Mogilev and one district of Grodno region, and 5 cities of the regional subordinations.). It fully or partly includes land of 38 administrative districts. Area: The length of the river Pripyat is 761 km, the area of its basin is 114.300 km2. On the territory of the Republic of Belarus these values are respectively 495 km, 50.900 km2 and the Belarusian part of the basin accounts 43% of the watershed area, and Ukrainian -57%. From the source river to Pinsk (Belarus) the river flows mainly from the South-West to the North-East. Near Pinsk, Pripyat turns to the East and flows almost in the latitudinal direction to Mozyr, where it changes its direction to the South-East, which remains to the mouth. River Pripyat (from Pinsk to the border with Ukraine) is part of the inland waterways of the Republic of Belarus and is navigable. Landscape: It is characterized by alternation of moraine hills with flat areas. From the North-West and North the basin is surrounded by the Belarusian moraine ridge with heights up to 350 m above sea level. In the South and South-East it falls to the Polesie lowland. The Western, more elevated part of the plain (the Brest Polesye) has the surface level 140-150 m. the Central part of the lowland is gently declining to the river to elevations of 110 m (further to the South-East to 100 m). Flat terrain with small flat depressions, the proximity of groundwater to the surface of the earth and weak runoff lead to waterlogging territory. The river Pripyat flows in the valley, which has a latitudinal orientation from West to East in the lower part of the Polesie lowland. The tributaries of Pripyat are mainly submeridional direction, and only in the Eastern part of its basin are dominated by the direction of the rivers from West to East (the river Slovechna and Uzh). The climate of the Pripyat basin is characterized as moderately continental with warm and humid summers and mild winters. The continentality of climate increases in a South-easterly direction. The average annual temperature varies from +6,30 to +7,20 C; the average temperature of the coldest month (January) varies from South-West to North-East from -4,60 to -7,00 C; the average temperature of the warmest month (July) increases from North-West to South-East from +18,30 C to +19,20 C. Absolute minimum of air temperature within the basin are fixed in January-February and make-32 C - - 38 C, and the highest air temperatures are typical for July-August and reach +33 C – +38 C. The duration of the frost-free period ranges from 170 days in the South – West to 150 days-in the East of the river basin. The main regularity of the distribution of precipitation within the Pripyat basin is their decrease from the North-West and South-West towards the West and East. A slight increase in precipitation is observed with the transition to higher absolute surface levels. Monthly precipitation amounts have a clearly expressed annual course with a minimum in February-March and a maximum in June-July [13].

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3.2 Geological and hydrogeological conditions

For the Pripyat river basin on the territory of Belarus dated 3 artesian basin: Pripyatsky, Brestsky, Orshansky. The Pripyat artesian basin is timed to the Pripyat deflection, in the West captures part of the Polesskaya saddle. The Foundation within its boundaries is revealed at depths of 200-500 m in the marginal parts, sinking in most submerged area to a depth of 5-6 km, and the largest thickness of sedimentary rocks within the basin – 6200 m. the Zone of active water exchange extends to depths of 200-350 m. It represented the fresh groundwater of hydrocarbonate composition with various combinations of cations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, Quaternary, Paleogene-Neogene, Cretaceous, Devonian and upper Proterozoic deposits. The Brest artesian basin is timed to the Podlaska-Brest depression and the Western slope of the Polesie saddle. The Foundation is opened at depths from 200 to 1900 m. its Immersion is marked in the South-West direction. The zone of active water exchange (up to 1000 m) contains fresh water of hydrocarbonate composition with different combinations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, etc. cations and covers the horizons and complexes of the Quaternary system, Neogene, Paleogene, chalk, Jurassic, as well as the upper part of the Proterozoic. The Orsha artesian basin occupies the North-Eastern part of the Pripyat river basin. Structurally, it is confined to the Orsha depression. The capacity of the sedimentary cover reaches 1800 m. the total immersion of the Foundation is noted from West to East. The power of the active water exchange zone is about 350 m. it is associated with water of hydrocarbonate composition with different combinations of cations and mineralization up to 0.4 g/dm3. Aquifers from Quaternary to upper-middle Devonian and upper Proterozoic deposits are widespread [10]. Aquifers and complexes: In accordance with the conditions of occurrence, the filtration properties of water-bearing rocks, their water content and the degree of protection against the penetration of pollutants, the following aquifers and complexes are allocated:  aquifer complexes that are confined to the Quaternary deposits (soil horizon, water-bearing Holocene marsh horizon, aquifer Holocene lacustrine-alluvial and alluvial aquifers, alluvial aquifer of lace-land horizon, lace-land aquifer lacustrine-alluvial horizon, aquifer sozhsci namereny fluvioglacial horizon, water-bearing Dnieper namereny fluvioglacial horizon, water- bearing Dnieper-sozhsci water-glacial complex, water-bearing Berezina-Dnieper water-glacial complex, water-bearing narewski-Berezinsky water-glacial complex;  aquifer complexes that are confined to pre-Quaternary sediments (water-bearing complex of Paleogene-Neogene deposits aquifer srednesenomansky-Maastrichtian carbonate horizon, halebsky and Nizhnesenomanski clastic horizon, locally water-bearing bath and nizhnekelloveyskiterrigenous complex, visean terrigenous water-bearing complex, locally water- bearing medium - and verhnefamensky terrigenous-carbonate complex, aquifer verhnefransky and nizhnefamenskiy carbonate horizon, sargaevskii and Semilukski carbonate complex, aquifer Stary Oskol and Lansky terrigenous complex aquifer Vitebsk-narowski terrigenous- carbonate complex aquifer Vendian terrigenous complex, water-bearing Riphean terrigenous complex, a zone of fractured Archaean-nizhneproterozoy igneous and metamorphic rocks) [2].

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3.3 Importance of groundwater for use (resources, reserves)

The largest water withdrawal in the basin of the river Pripyat, the performance of which exceeds 10 thousand m3/day, are the water intake facility in the city of Mozyr, Pinsk, Soligorsk. The total explored reserves in the Pripyat river basin are 1002.97 thousands m3 / day. Of the 65 explored fields, 52 are operating with a total capacity of 66587.1 thousands m3/year (182.43 thousands m3/day), which is 18% of the operating reserves. The total resources and reserves of groundwater used for water supply in the Pripyat river basin are presented in Table 1 [3]. Table 1: Resources and reserves of groundwater used in the Pripyat river basin

Resources of fresh underground waters, Proven operational reserves of fresh thousands m3/day groundwater, thousand m 3/ day. The territory of the Pripyat river basin Natural Prognostic А+В General Belarusian part 7013,0 10278,4 884,36 1002,97

Natural resources – is the total flow rate of groundwater provided by infiltration of precipitation. Prognostic resources – the amount of groundwater of a certain quality and purpose, which can be obtained within a certain hydrogeological or administrative area, or the estimated area or field and reflects the potential use of groundwater. Groundwater reserves and resources are divided into separate categories. Each category of reserves serves as a basis for the implementation of certain stages of design solutions for the preparation of groundwater deposits for further study or development. Reserves of category A – developed (and allocated to existing mines); category B – proven (calculated on the explored fields); and C1 category inferred (presumed) (calculated on the previously estimated fields); category C2 are identified (calculated on the identified fields). Total reserves are A+B+C1+C2 reserves.

3.4 The most significant ecosystems and Nature-protected areas

3.4.1 The most significant ecosystems

Swamps: The Pripyat basin is characterized by a high degree of waterlogging. Swamps covered about 1/3 of its surface. Predominant here are herbal marshes, wide floodplains of river valleys. Almost all species of plants and animals living in swamps are rare or vulnerable, as they can only live in swamps, and the reduction of swamp area inevitably leads to a reduction in the number, and sometimes to the complete disappearance of many unique species. Currently in a result of hydrotechnical melioration and peat bogs are preserved only island parcels. Dehumidification of swamps and peat deposits inevitably leads to the cessation of purification of the atmosphere from carbon dioxide and significant emission of this gas into the atmosphere. Almost all types of economic activities in swamps and peat fields lead to the destruction of wetland ecosystems, destabilization of the biosphere functions of swamps. At present, the area of swamps and peat deposits of the nature protection Fund in the Pripyat basin is about 140 thousands hectares, which include wetlands included in the reserves, reserves for various purposes (Botanical, biological, hydrological, berry, Zoological

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and others), which are prohibited from changing the water regime. Many of them are located in floodplains of rivers and lakes, and their drainage can cause negative consequences in the hydrological and hydrochemical regimes of natural reservoirs and adjacent territories. For the first time compiled the Red list of wetlands of Belarus includes more than 200 objects, including in the basin of the Pripyat – 69. The forests of the Pripyat river basin on the territory of Belarus are included in the southern geobotanical subzone of broad-leaved pine forests. For typical subzone of hornbeam oak forests without spruce, with an admixture of broad-leaved and small-leaved species, a rich undergrowth. 27 local tree species, about 60 shrubs, over 40 semi-shrubs and shrubs participate in the formation of forests. The forest vegetation is represented by formations: coniferous (61.1 %), broad-leaved (7.9 %), small-leaved derivative (12.4 %), indigenous small-leaved forests on marshes (18.6 %). The most common forest formations are pine (58.7%), birch (15.3%), black – ash (13.5%), oak (7.2%), spruce (2.4%), aspen (1.2%) forests. Other formations occupy a small specific weight, and such as maple, ash, lime, elm forests are presented fragmentary.

3.4.2 Nature-protected areas

Polessky state radiation ecological reserve was created in 1988 on the square 215.500 hectares in the 30-kilometer restricted zone (Khoiniki, Bragin and Narovlya districts), formed after the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The reserve is the only one of its kind in the forest zone of Europe. Created with the purpose of implementation of complex of measures on prevention of transfer of radionuclides beyond the contaminated zones, study of natural vegetation complexes, conducting radiation and ecological monitoring, carrying out radiobiological studies of birds of prey. The state national Park "Pripyatsky" was established in 1996 on the area of 82461 hectares of Zhitkovichi, lelchitsky and Petrikov districts. Remain the largest in the Belarusian Polesie horse-riding and transitional bogs, floodplain oak forests, black alder forests, grasslands, dune complexes, coniferous forests, and raslovo-ancient ecosystems of the Pripyat river and the headwaters area of the right tributaries of this river. There are 827 species of higher vascular plants, including 18 included in the Red book of Belarus. Among 246 bird species and 49 mammal species, 66 and 4 are included in the National Red book, respectively. Nesting 5 species of birds under global threat of extinction. The Republican landscape reserve "Middle Pripyat" was created in 1999 on the area of 90.447 hectares along the riverbed of Pripyat in Pinsk, Luninets, Stolin and Zhitkovichi districts. Presented the largest in Europe section of the river floodplain, which is preserved in its natural state. The longest river-floodplain complex of the great river, typical for Polesye meadow and forest ecosystems, is preserved in Belarus. 11 protected species of flora were identified. Among 182 species of fauna the 52 are included in the Red book of Belarus. It is of international importance for the conservation of 6 globally threatened species of birds and for a number of wetland birds during spring migration. The Republican landscape reserve "Olmanskie Bolota" was created in 1998 on the area of 94219 hectares in Stolin district. The largest in Europe complex of riding, transitional and lowland bogs is presented. There are 687 species of higher vascular plants, 151 species of birds and 26 species of mammals. 40 species of fauna and flora are included in the Red book of Belarus. It is of international importance for the conservation of endangered species: the great spotted eagle, the hollow, the European mink. [13]. The Republican biological reserve "Zvanets" was created in 1996 on the area of 10460 hectares in Drogichinsky district. It is located on the watershed of Pripyat and Western Bug. Presents Europe's largest array fens mesotrophic type, with numerous upland Islands. The world's largest population of globally threatened species, the aquatic Warbler, lives there. 10 rare plant communities are preserved. 44 species of fauna and flora are included in the Red book of Belarus.

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Republican hydrological reserve "Vygonoshchanskoye" was established in 1968 On an area of 43,000 hectares in the Ivatsevichi, Lyakhovichi, Gantsevichi districts. Located on the watershed between the basins of the Pripyat and the Neman. The largest complex of indigenous small-leaved forests, swamps, river and lake floodplains in Belarus is presented. The largest lake-floodplain ecosystems in the Belarusian Polesie are preserved in their natural state. It is of international importance for the conservation of 4 endangered species of fauna. Biosphere reserve "Pripyat Polesie". The area of the biosphere reserve is about 213030 hectares. The biosphere reserve includes a number of specially protected natural areas that are important for the conservation of biological and landscape diversity at the national and international levels (national Park "Pripyat", the Republican landscape reserve "Olmanskie swamps", the Republican wetland reserve "Old Zhaden"). In the future, the biosphere reserve can become the basis for the formation of a network of cross-border and border Belarusian-Ukrainian environmental objects. The peculiarity of biosphere reserves is that they are not only intended for biodiversity conservation, their task is also to promote sustainable development of local communities. The biosphere reserves are designed to perform three main functions: protection-promotion of the protection of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic varieties; development-promotion of economic development, environmentally and socio-cultural sustainability; organizational and technical support – logistics) - conducting research, monitoring and activities in the field of education and training in the field of local, regional, national and global problems of nature protection and sustainable development.

3.4.3 Sources of influence (anthropogenic and technogenic)

Studies of the technogenic objects located within the Pripyat river basin have allowed their typification and assessment of the nature of technogenic impact on fresh groundwater. The selected technogenic objects within the considered territory are typified as follows: objects of mining industry, underground water fields, objects of melioration, objects of agricultural activity, objects of oil-producing and oil-refining industry, objects of municipal and household purpose. The typification and characterization of man-made objects with an assessment of the impact on groundwater is given in Table 2. The main changes under the influence of technogenic activity occur in two directions: the change in the level regime of groundwater (amount of water); the change in the quality of groundwater in the flow of pollutants from anthropogenic sources (water quality) [5, 14].

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Table 2: Typification of technogenic objects (loads) by the nature of impact on fresh groundwater

Type of Location Source of impact The consequence and scale of the negative impact technogenic impact (loads) Pollution of fresh groundwater with brines. Water salinity increased to 160 g / dm3. The depth of brine penetration is up to 120 m, and the Soligorsk Mines, salt boundaries of salinity halos are more than 2.5 km. "Belarus- reservoirs, sludge 2 Mining industry the total area of pollution is about 30 km . potassium" storages Subsidence (displacement) of the day surface up to 4 - 4.5 km, flooding and waterlogging. The area of muld sedimentation is about 200 km2, Duetothedrainagefromthequarry, thecapacitivereservesofthegroundhorizon, Mikashevichi Career, theflowofrivers, theflowofsalinewaters,

«Granit» tailing dumps thegroundwaterresourcesdecreased to 50 thousandm3 /day. The boundary of the influence of the pit is 3-7 km. Formation of depression craters, changes in the conditions of the relationship between surface and Minsk groundwater, drainage of the ground horizon, The use of Pinsk Intakes reduction of river flow, changes in the structure of groundwater Soligorsk groundwater groundwater balance. Water quality change due to Mozyr the impact of technogenic objects and the flow of substandard water. Decrease of levels from 2.5-18 m, the radius of influence from 0.1 to 12 km Drainage of the ground horizon, change of regime and balance of underground waters, decrease of supply of aquifers and amount of precipitation, The Polesie Drainage melioration increase of mineralization. The decrease of the Lowland structures levels to 1 and more m. was Drained about 14 thousand km2, The influence of drainage reclamation can be traced at a distance of 1-5 km. Petrikovskoe burial Burial of of pesticides, pesticides, Local and area, periodic and permanent Agricultural Sovkhoz-combine pigsties, irrigation contamination of groundwater by pesticides, activity "Zarya" Mozyr fields with drains, nitrates, ammonium, etc. The change in region of Gomel warehouses of hydrodynamic conditions is insignificant. oblast mineral fertilizers

Industrial site, biological ponds, Oil refining Mozyr Oil Refinery, Flooding of the territory of the oil refinery. Pollution sludge ponds, industry Oil fields of groundwater by oil products sludge accumulators

Cities and urban Local contamination of groundwater with Purification settlements of ammonium nitrogen, nitrogen nitrite, nitrogen facilities, solid Utility facilities Brest, Gomel and nitrate, phosphates, chlorides, sulfates, chromium, municipal waste Minsk regions (20 iron, heavy metals, oil products, surfactants, landfills settlements) phenols is possible.

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4 GROUNDWATER BODIES IN THE BASIN OF THE RIVER PRIPYAT

 Methodology for the determination and characterization of groundwater bodies  Allocation of underground water bodies was carried out on geological boundaries. Geological and hydrogeological factors (feeding, unloading, rock lithology) were taken into account.  Records were made of the factors affecting the use of groundwater. The separation of high- performance horizons from low-productivity ones is carried out. The criterion of separation was the abstraction of groundwater in the amount of more than 10m3 water per day from the whole aquifer.

 The impact of anthropogenic pressure (on the quality and quantity of groundwater) was assessed. A risk evaluation was carried out. Potential pollutants (sources of pollution) have been identified. In the study area are: o mining facilities (Soligorsk, mikashevich), o underground water deposits (water intakes), o reclamation objects, o facilities for agricultural activities (disposal of pesticides, stables, fields, irrigation drains, warehouses of mineral fertilizers), o oil production and refining industry facilities (Mozyr oil refinery, oil fields), o objects of municipal purpose (treatment facilities, landfills, etc.).  Identify all relevant surface waters and terrestrial ecosystems that are associated with groundwater bodies.  Combined several groundwater bodies into one under the condition of their interconnection.  Several water bodies are combined into one under the condition of their interrelation. As a result of the work done, 11 water bodies were identified (Annex 1, Table 3), the characteristics of each of them are presented below.

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Table 3: List of allocated ground water bodies

Water body number Index Note Quaternary sediments BYPRGW0001 bIV swamp ecosystems (the most important ecosystems) the most significant ecosystems, including large river valleys, BYPRGW0002 aIV,aIIIpz,laIIIpz possible influence of local pollution sources s BYPRGW0003 fIIsz subsoil water, potentiallyexposed to surface contamination BYPRGW0004 f,lgIId-sz aquifer, pressure water, first from the surface, subject to pollution s BYPRGW0005 fIId aquifer, subsoil water, potentially exposed to surface contamination Pre-Quaternary deposits the exploited horizons, spread almost everywhere, are outlined on the BYPRGW0006 f,lgIbr-IId + (P+N) map only where these horizons are exploited. In 2 out of 4 places they are operated together. the exploited horizon, distributed almost everywhere, is outlined on the BYPRGW0007 K map only where this horizon is operated D3fm2+3,D3sr+s BYPRGW0008 m,Dst+ln, The exploited horizons are closely interrelated the exploied horizons (2 horizons have United, since the areas of their BYPRGW0009 V+R 2pn distribution practically coincide). On the map, this body was contoured only where the Foundation goes to AR-PR1 (career BYPRGW0010 the surface-Mikashevichi, Zhitkovichi. The entire horizon does not make Mikashevichi) sense to delineate, because distributed everywhere. Local water bodies Complex load on groundwater (quality and quantity): 1. Mines, salt dumps, sludge storage (Pollution of fresh groundwater with brines. The total area of pollution is about 30 km2. Subsidence (displacement) of the day surface up to 4 - 4.5 km, flooding and Soligorsk waterlogging. BYPRGW0011 industrial district 2. Intakes (the formation of large depression funnels, draining the soil horizon, the reduction in river flow, changes in the structure of balance of underground waters. Water quality change due to the impact of man- made objects and the flow of substandard water. Lowering levels, the radius of influence from 0.1 to 12 km. Total 11 bodies

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4.1 Brief description of ground water bodies in the Pripyat river basin to be included in the river basin management plan

As a result of the work, 11 ground water bodies were allocated, which will be included in the management plan for the Pripyat river basin: Table 4: Ground water bodies in the Pripyat river basin to be included in the RBMP

Number of sub- Total area GWB Number of GWB bodies in GWB [km²] Total number 11 25 165.993,72 Shallow GWB (quaternary) 5 15 65.436,53 Deep GWB 5 9 99.149,82 Local GWB 1 1 1.407,37 The water bodies associated with 2 7 36.096,33 ecosystems Transboundary GWB 5 11 132.702,12 Water bodies with quantitative 10 19 147.472,33 monitoring Water bodies with quality monitoring 10 19 147.472,33

4.1.1 Ground water bodies of Quaternary age(Shallow ground water bodies)

 Groundwater body (object) BYPRGW0001 - aquifer of Holocene marsh horizon (bIV),an area of distribution – 18.521,39 km2. Groundwater, non-pressure, pore. The depth of the water body from the surface of the land ranges from 0.0 to 7.0 m. the Associated water body ecosystems – swamps. The lithology of the rocks is represented with peat with capacity of from 0.5 to 7 m. the chemical composition of the water is hydrocarbonate-sulphate-calcium and sodium-calcium, sulfate-bicarbonate-sodium-calcium with mineralization of 0,2 – 1,0 g/dm3. For drinking needs practically not suitable due to natural and man-made pollution. Main anthropogenic pressures (source of influence): drainage reclamation. The most important ecosystems are wetlands. There are no monitoring points within the boundaries of the water body.  Groundwater body BYPRGW0002 – bearing Holocene alluvial, alluvial lace-land, lace-land lake-alluvial horizon(s) (aIV,aIIIpz,laIIIpz), the area of distribution – 17.574,94 km2. The depth of the water body from the surface of the earth is from 0,0 to 10,0 m. groundwater, non-pressure, pore. The lithology of rocks is represented mainly by sand, gravel-pebble clusters, with a capacity of 3 to 30 m. Water bicarbonate-calcium type from soft to hard, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline, characterized by high iron content (up to 3 mg/dm3). The waters are subject to surface contamination and are operated by shallow wells. Within the boundaries of the water body, 5 hydrogeological posts, (15 observation points) in natural conditions, of which 8 are active and 7 are conserved and 2 observation points in the area of water intake "Lesnoy". Located evenly over the entire area of the water body, except for the South-Eastern part. In vivo chemical monitoring is conducted at 5 points, quantity – 8 items in disturbed operation conditions, chemical monitoring is conducted on item 1, quantitative – 2 points. The main anthropogenic pressures: 18 intakes; household objects -19 facilities; agricultural facilities and agricultural fields, industrial animal breeding complexes. The associated ground

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water body ecosystems: the valley of the Pripyat river (middle reaches) and its major tributaries (PP. Yaselda, Bobrik, Vit Skrypytsia Demark); State national Park "Pripyatski".  Ground water body (object) BYPRGW0003 is an aquifer of the Sozh upland fluvioglacial horizon, distributed in the north of the Pripyat river basin and locally in the West, the area of distribution is 13.421.52 km2. The depth of the water body from the surface of the earth is from 0,0 to 15,0 m. groundwater, non-pressure, pore. Water-bearing rocks are represented by Sands, with layers of sand-gravel material, their power from 2.8 to 7.0 m.fresh Water, with mineralization of 0.2–0.8 g/dm3, magnesium-calcium or sodium-calcium bicarbonate, moderately hard and hard. The aquifer is operated by shallow wells and boreholes. Within the boundaries of the ground water body there are 6 hydrogeological posts (6 active points of observations and 3 is preserved) under natural conditions and 5 observation points in the area of water intakes (at present, all conserved).. In natural conditions chemical monitoring is carried out on 3 points, quantitative – on 4 points. The main anthropogenic load: 17 water intakes; municipal facilities -5 landfills of municipal solid waste; agricultural facilities: Petrikov burial of pesticides.There are no water-related ecosystems.  Ground water body BYPRGW0004 is an aquifer Dnieper - Sozh water-glacial complex, distributed in the North of the Pripyat river basin and locally in the North-West, with an area of 11.292.18 km2. The depth of the water body from the surface of the earth is from 10.0 to 25.0 m water pressure, pore. Water-bearing rocks-sand, with layers of sandy loam, loam, clay. Capacity-30-40 m. the Deposits of the complex have significant reserves of groundwater. Fresh water, bicarbonate magnesium-calcium and bicarbonate calcium, with mineralization of 0.2–0.6 g/dm3,medium hardness. Aquifer is exploited by water abstraction "Ostrovy" and single wells. Within the boundaries of the water body there are 4 hydrogeological posts (3 operating observation points) in natural conditions and 27 observation points in the area of the "Islands"water intake. In vivo chemical monitoring is carried out by 2 points, quantitative – 3 points; in disturbed operation conditions, perform chemical monitoring for 27 points. The main anthropogenic load: 15 water intakes; municipal facilities-silt area (1 object), landfills of municipal solid waste (5 objects).There are no water-related ecosystems.  Ground water body BYPRGW0005 is an aquifer of the Dnieper upland fluvioglacial horizon, distributed locally in the West, South and South - East of the Pripyat river basin, with an area of 4.626.50 km2. The depth of the water body from the surface of the earth is from 0,0 to 18,0 m. groundwater, non-pressure, pore. Water-bearing rocks are represented by Sands with a capacity of 10-12 m. the waters of this body are confined to large operating reserves of groundwater. Water mineralization - from 0.04 to 0.11 g / dm3, the total hardness does not exceed 4 mg-EQ. Water is affected by surface contamination. The aquifer is operated by single wells with a depth of 20-40 m. Within the boundaries of the water body, 4 hydrogeological posts (7 operating observation points and 6 – conserved) in natural conditions and 2 observation points in the area of Pina-2 water intake (currently conserved) are equipped. In natural conditions, chemical monitoring is carried out on 5 points, quantitative – on 7 points. The main anthropogenic pressures: 9 water intakes; household objects – sludge (2 facilities), municipal solid waste (4 facilities), treatment facilities (2 facilities), sludge beds (1), pit, the tailings storage facility (1 facility).There are no water-related ecosystems.

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4.1.2 Ground water bodies of pre-Quaternary age(deep tiers of groundwater)

 Groundwater body BYPRGW0006 - aquifer Berezina-Dnieper water-ice and Paleogene and Neogene complex, distributed in Central and East basin of the Pripyat river area 45.525,46 km2. The depth of the water body from the surface of the earth is from 2.0 to 40.0 m, water pressure, pore. Water-bearing rocks are represented by sands, with layers of sandy loam, loam and clay. The power of deposits - from 0 to 20 m, water composition mainly bicarbonate calcium- magnesium. Total water mineralization ranges from 0.05 to 0.6 g / dm3, total hardness - up to 7 mg-EQ / dm3. The iron content is 0.06-2.6 mg / dm3 or more. The ground water body is operated. Within the boundaries of the water body, 24 hydrogeological posts (43 operating observation points and 12 conserved) in natural conditions and 62 observation points in the area of water intakes are equipped. In natural conditions chemical monitoring on 40 points, quantitative – on 43 points is carried out; in the conditions broken by operation chemical monitoring on 53 points, quantitative – on 24 points is carried out. The main anthropogenic pressures: 19 intakes; household objects – sludge (1 object), municipal solid waste (9 facilities), treatment facilities (1 facility), sludge beds (1), pit, the tailings storage facility (2 facilities), agricultural field irrigation (1 object). There are no water related ecosystems.  Ground water body (object) BYPRGW0007 – aquifer of chalk carbonate-terrigenous horizon. Presented by a group of 2 bodies and distributed in the West, South-West and East, South-East of the Pripyat river. The area distribution is 27.423,87 km 2. Water pressure, pore or porous fractured. The depth of the water body from the surface of the earth ranging from 5.0 to 80,0 m, water-bearing rocks are represented by Sands, sandstones and less total capacity of 5-80 m the watery Horizon. Fresh water, mineralization rarely exceeds 0.5 g/dm3. Chemical composition bicarbonate calcium-sodium, sodium, calcium and calcium-magnesium. The aquifer is the main source of groundwater in the area. Within the boundaries of the water body, 4 hydrogeological posts (4 operating observation points) in natural conditions and 7 observation points in the area of water intakes are equipped. In vivo chemical monitoring is carried out for 3 counts, quantitative – 4 points; in disturbed operation conditions, perform chemical monitoring at 7 points. Main anthropogenic loads: 7 water intakes. There are no water related ecosystems.  Ground water body BYPRGW0008 – aquifer upper Devonian terrigenous-carbonate complex. Presented by a group of 2 subbodies and distributed locally in the South and North of the Pripyat river basin. The area of distribution of this body is 2.435, 87 km2. The depth of the water body from the surface of the earth is from 10.0 to 130.0 m. Water pressure, fractured. Water bearing rocks are represented by limestones and dolomites, with a total capacity of 14 to 137 m, the rocks of the watery horizon. Fresh water, mineralization-0.3-0.5 g/dm3. Chemical composition is hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium. The water-bearing complex is used for household and drinking water supply. Within the boundaries of the water body, 2 hydrogeological posts (2 operating observation points and 1 – preserved) in natural conditions and 8 observation points in the area of water intakes are equipped. In vivo chemical monitoring is carried out point 1, quantitative – 2 points; in disturbed operation conditions, perform chemical monitoring at 5 points, quantitative – 3 points. The main anthropogenic pressures: 4 water intake.There are no water related ecosystems.  Ground water body BYPRGW0009 – aquifer Pinsk and Vendian terrigenous complex. The water body is distributed in the Northern and South-Western and southern parts of the Pripyat river basin, the area of distribution is 23.656,46 km2. The depth of the water body from the surface of the earth is from 70,0 to 250,0 m, water pressure, fractured. Water-bearing rocks –

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Sands and sandstones with interbedded siltstones and clays, with a capacity of up to 500 m, the high water abundance of rocks. Fresh water, mineralization-0.08-0.6 g / dm3.The chemical composition of calcium bicarbonate. The water body is used for domestic drinking water supply. Within the boundaries of the water body, 2 hydrogeological posts (3 operating observation points) in natural conditions and 3 observation points in the area of water intakes are equipped. In vivo chemical monitoring is carried out for 3 counts, quantitative – 3 points; violated conditions of operation quantitative monitoring – 3 points, and chemical monitoring for 2 points. The main anthropogenic pressures: 14 water intakes for public water supply. There are no water related ecosystems.  Groundwater body BYPRGW0010 – aquifer Archean-nizhnetroitskiy terrigenous complex (quarry Mikashevichi). It occupies a local area in the Central part of the Pripyat river basin, the area of distribution-108,16 km2 and is represented by a group of 3 bodies, the depth of the water body from the earth's surface is from 30.0 to 50.0 m, water pressure, fractured. Water contained in metamorphic and Intrusive rocks: gneisses, schists, granites, gabbro, etc. Passed power fractured zone reaches 100-200 meters and more. Anthropogenic load – a large Deposit of building stone "Mikashevichi". On its territory is the quarry for the extraction of stone, crushing and screening plant and tailings. In the quarry area there are 4 operating observation points, where chemical and quantitative monitoring is carried out. There are no water related ecosystems.

4.1.3 Local ground water body (economically particularly important water body)

 Ground water body BYPRGW0011 is allocated in the local water body (Soligorsk industrial district) subject to anthropogenic load of the area is a large Starobin Deposit of potassium and rock salt. The Western, Central and Eastern blocks are allocated at the field. In the Central block there are three mine fields of mines 1RU, 2RU, 3RU, and in the East – one mine field 4RU. The capacity of saline deposits in the East of the Deposit is about 1000 m, and in the periphery – 150 m less. Objects contamination of groundwater in the Soligorsk industrial area are the waste material remaining after processing of potash ore. There are two main types of technological salt waste (solid and liquid). The allocated site is operated 2 water intake.Within the boundaries of the water body there is a network of 129 observation points; 2 hydrogeological posts (3 operating points of supervision) in natural conditions on which chemical and quantitative monitoring and 21 points of supervision in the area of water intakes from which on 14 points chemical monitoring, and on 7 – quantitative is carried out. There are no water-related ecosystems.

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4.2 Characteristics of ground water bodies

4.2.1 Groundwater body BYPRGW0OO1- aquifer Holocene swamp horizon (bIV).

Presented by a group of 6 bodies and distributed in the areas of development of swamps. The total area of this body is 18521.39 (Annex 2). Aquiferous Holocene swamp horizon (bIV), ground, non-pressure, water according to the conditions of occurrence, the nature of the voids of water-bearing rocks - pore. The groundwater body is shallow, timed to the marsh sediments. Water-bearing rocks of marsh sediments are mainly peat of varying degrees of decomposition with interlayers of lime material, vivianite, marsh ores or clay rocks. The power of peat from 0.5 to 7 m, with an average of 1-2 meters. Filtration properties depend on the degree of decomposition of peat. The filtration coefficients for weakly decomposed peat are 1.0 – 4.0 m/day, for the average decomposed peat – 0.3 – 1.0 m/day, for the decomposed peat – 0.01 – 0.08 m/day. The depth of the marsh waters is from 0-to 3.5 m, on average 1.5-2 m. the Average annual fluctuations of the level – 0.5-2.0 m[13]. In spring, swamps and wetlands are flooded with flood waters. The chemical composition of water is bicarbonate-sulfate-calcium and sodium-calcium, sulfate- hydrogen sodium-calcium with mineralization of 0.2-1.0 g /dm3. In the hydrochemical composition there is an increased amount of nitrogen compounds and iron[2]. Replenishment of subsoil water is carried out mainly due to infiltration of precipitation and due to the flow of pressure water underlying aquifers and complexes in the river valleys. Drains are rivers, drainage channels, lakes and swampy areas. For drinking needs are practically not suitable due to natural and man-made pollution The main anthropogenic pressures (source of exposure):  Drainage reclamation; The most important ecosystems are wetlands.

4.2.2 2 Groundwater body BYPRGW02 - bearing Holocene alluvial, alluvial lace-land, lace-land lake-alluvial horizon(s) (aIV,aIIIpz,laIIIpz).

Presented 1 body and distributed in the southern and South-Eastern part of the Pripyat river basin. The area of distribution of this body is 17.574,94 km2 (Annex 2). Holocene alluvial aquifer, lace-land alluvial, lace-land lacustrine-alluvial aquifer(s) subsoil water, mode of occurrence, nature of water bearing voids in the rocks pore. Ground water body is shallow. The sediments occupy vast areas in the Pripyat river valley, covering almost the entire lowland plain of the Pripyat Polesye and are confined to the floodplain, the first and second floodplain terraces. Water-bearing rocks within the floodplains are mainly Sands of different size and sorting, with a large or smaller content of dusty-clay impurities, as well as gravel-pebble clusters, lying at the base of the thickness in the form of lenses or in the form of layers; within the first terraces above the floodplain – fine, medium and coarse sand, quartz-polevoshpatnyj, with inclusions of gravel and small pebbles; the second above the floodplain terrace Sands and sand-gravel deposits, sandy loams, loams, marls, and silts. The thickness of the deposits is from 3 to 30 m.

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The depth of subsoil water level varies from 0 to 10 m, in areas of low floodplains subsoil water comes to the surface and form lakes and swamps. Average annual fluctuations of the level – 0.5–2.0 m. The filtration coefficient of water-bearing rocks depending on their granulometric composition varies from 1.9 to 28.2 m /day[2]. Water is usually of the bicarbonate-calcium type from soft to hard, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline. The total mineralization of 0.05 – 0.6 g/dm3, the General rigidity of water is 0.65-12.42 mg-EQ. The iron content in the water in some areas reaches 3 mg/dm3, rarely 15 mg / dm3. In the absence of the upper water-resistant horizon, these waters are easily exposed to the surface source of pollution. Replenishment of subsoil water is carried out mainly due to infiltration of precipitation and due to the flow of pressure water underlying aquifers and complexes in the river valleys. Drains are rivers and lakes. The aquifer is exploited using shallow wells log. In some areas of river valleys, it can be recommended for domestic drinking water supply in compliance with sanitary measures[2]. Within the boundaries of the water body, 5 hydrogeological posts (15 observation wellss) were equipped in natural conditions, of which 8 are active and 7 are conserved and 2 observation wellss in the area of water intake "Lesnoy". Hydrogeological posts located evenly over the entire area of the water body, except for the South-Eastern part. In natural conditions the chemical monitoring is conducted at 5 points, quantity – 8 points, in disturbed operation conditions the quantitative monitoring provided for 2 points. The main anthropogenic pressures (source of exposure):  Water intakes-18 water intakes for centralized water supply;  Household objects 19 objects, including: sludge (2 facilities), municipal solid waste (12 items), treatment facilities (2 facilities), sludge beds (1), open pit, tailings pond (1), the dump of technological waste (1 object).  Agricultural objects-agricultural fields, industrial livestock complexes, etc. (the largest object – agricultural fields of irrigation of the agricultural enterprise "state Farm-combine "Zarya" (observation post. Guriny). The most important ecosystems are the valley of the river Pripyat (middle current) and its large tributaries (rivers: Yaselda, Bobrik, Vit Skrypytsia Demarka); State national Park "Pripyatski" (Simonitschi- Rudnensky hydrogeological post).

4.2.3 Groundwater body BYPRGW0003 – aquifer sozhsci namereny fluvioglacial horizon (fIIszs).

Presented by a group of 2 sub-bodies and distributed in the North of the Pripyat river basin and locally in the West, lying on the surface. The total area of distribution of this body is 13.421,52 km2 (Annex 2). The aquifer is a ground non-pressure, water under the conditions of occurrence, the nature of the voids of water-bearing rocks-pore. It is covered by rocks of low-water upper Pleistocene-Holocene periglacial complex or rocks of aquifer of Holocene alluvial floodplain horizon, represented by different- grained sands, forming with them a single aquifer. In most parts of its distribution occurs on the deposits of poorly water-bearing sozhski moraine horizon. Water-bearing rocks are represented by sands of different granulometric composition, with lenses and interlayers of sand-gravel material. Their power varies from 2.8 to 7.0 m, in some areas increases to 15.0 m. the depth of the water body from the earth's surface is from 0.0 to 15.0 m.

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Ground water body is shallow. The depth of the groundwater level varies from 2 to 8 m. the average annual fluctuations of the level are 0.5-2.5 m. Water availability of rocks is not high. The filtration coefficient ranges from 2.0 to 4.8 m / day. The aquifer is fed by infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, as well as by discharge of pressure water, drainage is carried out by the river network and reclamation channels. Fresh water, with a mineralization of 0.2–0.8 g/dm3, bicarbonate magnesium-calcium or sodium- calcium, moderately hard and hard. Sometimes there is water with a high content of nitrogen compounds, chlorine and sulfates, indicating their pollution. The aquifer is exploited by using the log shallow wells and boreholes. In some areas, it can be recommended for domestic drinking water supply in compliance with sanitary measures. Within the boundaries of the water body there are 6 hydrogeological posts (6 operating observation points and 3 – conserved) in natural conditions and 5 observation points in the area of water intakes (currently all are conserved). In natural conditions chemical monitoring is carried out on 3 points, quantitative – on 6 points. Main anthropogenic pressures (source of impact):  17 intakes water intakes for public water supply;  Municipal facilities -5 municipal solid waste landfills;  Agricultural objects: Petrikov burial of pesticides, associated with aquatic ecosystems no.

4.2.4 Ground water body BYPRGW0004-water-bearing Dnieper-Sozhsky water-glacial complex(f,lgIId-sz).

Presented by a group of 2 sub-bodies and distributed in the North of the Pripyat river basin and locally in the North-West. The total area of distribution of this body is 11.292,18 km2 (Annex 2). Water-bearing Dnieper-Sozhsky water-glacial complex pressure, water under the conditions of occurrence, the nature of the voids of water-bearing rocks-pore. It is covered by rocks of low-water Sozhsky moraine horizon, represented by sandy loam (often boulder) and loam, in the thickness of which there are layers, lenses, nests and pockets of different-grained sands, sand-gravel and gravel- pebble material, uneventful along the strike. The thickness of the overlying strata is variable and varies from a few meters to 40 m, averaging 10-25 m. the Depth of the water body from the earth's surface is from 10.0 to 25.0 m. Water-bearing rocks-Sands of different grain, with unevenly spaced layers of sand and gravel deposits, sandy loam, loam, clay. Power slurry thickness usually does not exceed 15-25 m. Piezometric levels are set from 65 m below and 12 m above the ground surface, mostly no deeper than 15 m. the greatest depth of the level recorded in the watershed areas, in the areas of development of boundary formations. Deposits of the complex have significant reserves of groundwater. Filtration rates - from 0.01 to 78.0 m/day, the most common values – 1-30 m / day. Water supply, as a rule, does not exceed 200 m2/day. [6]. The food and unloading of waters of the complex are carried out mainly due to the flow of water from the horizons and complexes bordering on it. Fresh water, bicarbonate magnesium-calcium and bicarbonate calcium, with mineralization of 0.2– 0.6 g/dm3,medium hardness.

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The water-bearing Dnieper-Sozhsky water-glacial complex within the boundaries of the water body is operated by a large water intake "Ostrovy" and single wells. Within the boundaries of the water body there are 4 hydrogeological posts (3 operating observation points and 1 conserved) in natural conditions and 27 observation points in the area of the "Ostrovy"water intake. In vivo chemical monitoring is carried out by 2 points, quantitative – 3 points;in disturbed conditions, the chemical monitoring provides on 27 points. Main anthropogenic pressures (source of impact):  15 intakes water intakes for public water supply;  Household objects-6 objects, including: sludge bed (1 object), municipal solid waste (5 sites). The associated water body ecosystems do not exist

4.2.5 Groundwater body BYPRGW0005 – Dnieper water-bearing namereny fluvioglacial horizon (fIIds).

Presented by a group of 3 sub-bodies and distributed locally in the West, South and South-East of the Pripyat basin. The total area of distribution of this body is 4.626,50 km2 (Annex 2). Water-bearing Dnieper namereny fluvioglacial horizon soil gravity water conditions of deposition, nature of water bearing voids in the rocks pore. It is covered by rocks of weakly aquifer upper Pleistocene-Holocene periglacial complex or rocks of aquifer of Holocene alluvial floodplain horizon, represented by different-grained Sands, forming with them a single aquifer. Water-bearing rocks are usually different-or coarse-grained sands. Their power ranges from 5-10 m, but sometimes reaches 20-25 m. the depth of the water body from the earth's surface is from 0.0 to 18.0 m. Ground water body is shallow. The depth of the groundwater level varies from 0.5 to 5 m. the average annual fluctuations of the level – 0.5-2.0 m. To fluvioglacial deposits covering the Dnieper moraine, confined to a fairly large operational reserves of groundwater, which through the construction of group water intakes can provide large water consumers. In the absence of the upper water-proof horizon, these waters in the area of settlements are easily exposed to pollution, so that their operation should be carried out in strict compliance with the rules of sanitary protection [2]. The water quality is satisfactory. The total mineralization of water ranges from 0.04 to 0.11 g / dm3, the total hardness does not exceed 4 mg-EQ. The iron content is 1.87-2 mg/dm3, often reaches 3 mg / dm3 or more. Water supply of the ground horizon is due to infiltration of atmospheric precipitation in the river valleys- additionally due to the flow of the underlying aquifer systems and flood waters. In the natural state of fresh groundwater, with a mineralization of not more than 0.3 g/dm3. Due to the small depth of occurrence and the lack of water-resistant overlaps, the water of the ground horizon is strongly affected by surface contamination. The aquifer is operated by single wells with a depth of 20-40 m. Within the boundaries of the water body are 4 of the hydrogeological post (7 active points of observations and 6conserved observation wells) under natural conditions. Also there are 2 observation well at water intake, which conserved on current time. In natural conditions chemical monitoring is carried out on 5 points, quantitative – on 7 points.

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Main anthropogenic pressures (source of impact):  9 intakes water intakes for public water supply;  Household objects to 10 objects, including: sludge (2 facilities), municipal solid waste (4 facilities), treatment facilities (2 facilities), sludge beds (1), pit, the tailings storage facility (1 facility). There are no water-related ecosystems.

4.2.6 Groundwater body BYPRGW0006 –aquifer Berezina-Dnieper water-ice and Paleogene and Neogene complex (f,lgIbr-IId + (P+N).

Presented by a group of 2 sub-bodies and distributed in the Central and Eastern part of the Pripyat basin. The total area of distribution of this body is 45.525,46 km2 (Annex 2). Water-bearing Berezinsky-Dneprovsky water-glacial and Paleogene and Neogene complex pressure, water under the conditions of occurrence, the nature of the voids of water-bearing rocks-pore. Overlying poorly permeable deposits of the Dnieper moraines and Sozhsky glaciations in most parts of the territory of the water bodies do not exist. They meet only in places in the center. Water-bearing rocks of the Berezinsky-Dneprovsky water-glacial complex are represented by sands of various granulometric composition, with interlayers of sandy loam, loam and clay, often with inclusions of gravel and pebbles. The thickness of deposits is from 0 to 20 meters and more. In most parts of the territory power water-permeable sediments, on average, 10-20 m In the southern part of the basins of the rivers Ubort, Stviga and Pig power does not exceed 5-8 m Depth of water body from the earth's surface is from 2.0 to 40.0 m. Filtration characteristics of water-bearing sediments are determined by a variety of particle size distribution. The coefficients of the filter area vary from a few to 20 m/day. There are three zones with different values of the coefficient of water supply: <100, 100-200, > 200 m2/day. The zone with the values of the coefficient of water supply equal to 100-200 m2/day is widely used. Aquifer Berezina-Dnieper water-glacial complex of the pressure. The head height above the roof is up to 30 m. Water-bearing rocks of Paleogene and Neogene complex are represented by Sands of different grain size, rarely – by weakly cemented sandstones. In the thickness of the Sands are often found interlayers of clays, siltstones and marls up to 5-7 m and low-power interlayers and lenses of brown coal, which have a significant impact on the chemical composition and mineralization of water contained in these deposits. Sand filtration coefficients vary from thousandths to 30, often no more than 1-5 m/day. The complex lies at a depth of 2-4 m to 200 m, mainly no deeper than 40-80 m below the Quaternary formations, is underlain by Cretaceous, at least the Devonian, the upper Proterozoic sediments or basement rocks. The thickness of the water column varies over a wide range. It reaches the highest values (up to 100- 160 m) in the South-East of the basin, in the rest of the territory it does not exceed 40 m (10-30 m capacities prevail). Paleogene and Neogene complex pressure, piezometric levels recorded at depths from a few metres to 60-100 m. the magnitude of the pressure above the roof is 5-80 m. the Permeability -100 m2/day and 170 m2/day. The main replenishment of the water reserves of the complex is carried out due to the downward filtration of the waters of the overlying and the flow of pressure waters of the underlying horizons and complexes. The direct role of atmospheric precipitation in this process is less significant and is noted in places of high roof occurrence and absence of overlapping moraine deposits [11, 15].

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Water composition varied: hydrocarbonate-magnesium-calcium, hydrocarbonate-calcium, hydrocarbonate-sodium-calcium, chloride-hydrocarbonate-sodium-calcium, mainly hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium. The water quality is satisfactory. Total water mineralization ranges from 0.05 to 0.6 g / dm3, total hardness - up to 7 mg-EQ / dm3. The iron content is 0.06-2.6 mg/dm3, often reaches 3 mg / dm3 or more. The water-bearing Berezinsky-Dneprovsky water-glacial and Paleogene and Neogene complex is widely operated both separately, and together by group water intakes, and single wells. Within the boundaries of the water body, 24 hydrogeological posts (43 operating observation points and 12 conserved) in natural conditions and 62 observation points in the area of water intakes are equipped. In natural conditions chemical monitoring on 40 points, quantitative – on 43 points is carried out; in the disturbed conditions chemical monitoring on 53 points, quantitative – on 24 points is carried out. Main anthropogenic pressures (source of impact):  19 intakes water intakes for public water supply;  Household objects 15 objects, including: sludge (1 object), municipal solid waste (9 facilities), treatment facilities (1 facility), sludge beds (1), pit, the tailings storage facility (2 facilities), agricultural field irrigation (1 object). There are no water-related ecosystems.

4.2.7 Groundwater body BYPRGW0007 -water-bearing Cretaceous carbonate- terrigenous horizon

Presented by 2 sub-bodies and distributed in the far west of the basin of the river. Pripyat. The area of this body is27423,87км2 (Annex 2). The water-bearing Cretaceous carbonate-terrigenous horizon is pressure, the water is in accordance with the conditions of occurrence, and the nature of the voids of the water-bearing rocks is pore or pore-cracked. It is covered by a marl-cretaceous stratum, represented by chalk, marl, dolomite. The permeability and water content of these rocks is determined by the varying degree of their fracturing. In most of the territory they form powerful and sustained in the regional plan waterproof layers. Their thickness varies from 5-10 m to 80 m. The water-bearing rocks of the Cretaceous complex are fine-grained sands, less often sandstones with a total thickness of 5-20 m. The prevailing values are usually 8-15 m. The chalky carbonate-terrigenous horizon contains pressure waters. The piezometric levels are set at depths of up to 65 m, more often - no more than 5-10 m. Sometimes the wells are gushing to a height of 18 m. The height of the heads is 25-90 m in elevated areas, increasing to 170-326 m in the valleys, above the roof is 50-120 m. The horizon is water-resistant throughout the area of distribution. The prevailing values of the filtration coefficient are 6-8 m /day (the range of variation is 3-15 m /day). Water conductivity as a rule does not exceed 55 m2 /day. The waters are fresh, the mineralization rarely exceeds 0.5 g/dm3. Chemical composition of hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium, sodium, calcium and calcium-magnesium. The aquiferous Cretaceous carbonate-terrigenous horizon is widely used for domestic and drinking water supply and is the main source of groundwater in this area. Nutrition and discharge of water are carried out, mainly due to the flow of water from the horizons and complexes bordering it in the section.

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Within the boundaries of the water body, 4 hydrogeological posts (4 operating observation points) in natural conditions and 59 observation points in the area of water intakes are equipped. In natural conditions chemical monitoring is carried out for 3 points, quantitative – 4 points; in disturbed operation conditions, perform chemical monitoring at 7 points. The main anthropogenic loads (source of impact):  Water intakes - 7 water intakes for centralized water supply. No aquatic-related ecosystems.

4.2.8 Groundwater body BYPRGW0008 -aquiferous Upper Devonian terrigenous-carbonate complex.

Presented by 2 sub-bodies and occupies a vast territory in the central, eastern and southern parts of the basin of the river. Pripyat. The area of this body is 2435,87км2 (Annex 2). The aquiferous Upper Devonian terrigenous-carbonate complex is pressurized, the waters are in accordance with the conditions of occurrence, the character of the voids of the water-bearing rocks is fractured. Overlapped by Quaternary sediments, Cretaceous sands or Jurassic clays and underlain by Sargaev-Semiluk carbonate rocks at a depth of 10-133 m, gently sloping in the northeast and east directions. Water-bearing rocks are represented by unevenly fissured limestones and dolomites with undrawn interlayers of marls and clays, anhydrite beds and gypsum nests, with a total thickness of 14 to 137 m. Clays predominate in the roof and base of the horizon. The greatest fracturing is observed in the upper part of the sequence and near the river valleys, the thickness of this zone usually does not exceed 50 m. Contains pressure water. Piezometric levels are set at depths of 2-15, sometimes-30 m at a pressure height of 50-130 m. Often in wells drilled in river valleys and near river valleys, they are set at 5-10 m above the earth's surface. The rocks of the horizon have a significant water content in the Northern and North-Western parts, but to a greater extent they are watered near the river valleys. In the rest of most of the territory of distribution, the horizon is weakly water-bearing. Rock filtration coefficients vary from 0.3 to 25 m /day. The average permeability in the order of 400 m2/day, sometimes as high as 600 and even 1038-2310 m2/day. Fresh water, mineralization-0.3-0.5 g/dm3. The chemical composition is mainly bicarbonate calcium- magnesium. The aquifer upper Devonian terrigenous-carbonate complex is used for economic and drinking water supply in the Northern and North-Western parts of the territory of distribution[11, 15]. The main replenishment of the horizon water resources is carried out due to the downward filtration of the waters of the overlying and the inflow of pressure waters of the underlying horizons and complexes. The direct role of precipitation in this process is less important. Their infiltration is carried out in places of high occurrence of the roof. Often they are drained by modern and ancient buried river valleys. Within the boundaries of the water body, 2 hydrogeological posts (2 operating observation points and 1 – conserved) in natural conditions and 8 observation points in the area of water intakes are equipped. In natural conditions chemical monitoring is carried out on 1 point, quantitative – on 2 points; in the conditions broken by operation chemical monitoring on 5 points, quantitative – on 3 points is carried out. The main anthropogenic pressures (source of exposure):

 Water intake 4 water intake for centralized water supply. No aquatic-related ecosystems.

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4.2.9 Groundwater body BYPRGW0009 -is an aquifer Pinsky and Vendian terrigenous complex.

Presented by a group of 2 sub-bodies and distributed in the Northern and South-Western and southern parts of the Pripyat river basin. The total area of distribution of this body is 23.656,46 km2 (Annex 2 ). Water-bearing Vendian terrigenous complex pressure, water under the conditions of occurrence, the nature of the voids of water-bearing rocks fractured. It lies on the Riphean sediments and on the rocks of the crystalline basement at depths from 70-80 m, and in the Western parts to 350 – 5500 m in the Central parts. It is covered by Devonian and Cretaceous formations. Water-bearing rocks-Sands and fractured sandstones to various extent with layers of silt and clay, with a maximum total capacity of up to 260 m. Watercomplex is pressure.Piezometric levels are set at a depth of 188 m, sometimes up to 10 m above the earth's surface. The water content of rocks is quite high. The coefficients of water supply vary from 100 to 170 m2/day. As you descend the Vendian deposits in the direction of depression water abundance is greatly reduced and they become clubwednesday locally aquifer. Aquifer Pinsk terrigenous complex pressure, water under the conditions of occurrence, the nature of the voids of water-bearing rocks fractured. The complex lies on the rocks of the crystalline basement. The total power within the boundaries of the distribution usually does not exceed 300 m. the water bearing rocks are represented mainly by sandstones with different grain size, porosity and fracturing, determine water abundance. Water pressure complex: Piezometric levels are set at depths up to 114 m, sometimes above the ground surface up to +5 m at a height of 64 -755 m. Sandstone filtration Coefficients usually exceed 1 m/day, in some places reaches 3.7 m/day. The coefficients of water supply, in most cases, no more than 50-100 m2/day, occasionally reach 160 m2/day and more. With the dip of the rocks of the complex in the direction of depression, the degree of fracture is reduced and the water abundance is reduced[11, 15]. Freshwater, mineralization-0.08-0.6 g/dm3.The chemical composition is mainly bicarbonate calcium. The aquifer Pinsk and Vendian terrigenous complex is used for domestic drinking water supply within the boundaries of the water body both in the North and in the South, South-West, both separately and jointly. The water supply of the complex is carried out in shallow areas due to the overflow of water from the upper hydrogeological units, and unloading – in the river valleys and in the overlying horizons and complexes. Within the boundaries of the water body, 1 hydrogeological post (3 operating observation points) in natural conditions and 3 observation points in the area of water intakes are equipped. In natural conditions chemical monitoring is carried out on 2 points, quantitative – on 3 points; in the conditions broken by operation quantitative monitoring – on 3 points is carried out. The main anthropogenic pressures (source of exposure):  Intakes – 10 intakes for public water supply. No aquatic-related ecosystems.

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4.2.10 Groundwater body BYPRGW0010-water-bearing archaean-Lower Proterozoic terrigenous complex (Mikashevichi quarry).

Presented by 3 sub-bodies and occupies a local territory in the central part of the basin of the river. Pripyat. The area of distribution of this body is 108,16 km2 (Annex 2). The water-bearing Vendian terrigenous complex is pressurized, the waters are in accordance with the conditions of occurrence, the character of the voids of the water-bearing rocks is fractured. The rocks of the basement are flooded in the places of development of the fissured zones, which in turn are confined to the areas of their shallow occurrence - 8-10 m, and in the vicinity of the village of Glushkovichi there are its outcrops on the surface, Waters are contained in metamorphic and intrusive rocks: gneisses, crystalline and micaceous shales, amphibolites, quartzites, granites, syenites, gabbros, etc. As the surface of the foundation dips into the adjacent depressions, the degree of fracturing and water cut of the rocks decreases, and they represent a waterproof massif, which is predominant in area. In the upper part of the foundation, a weathering crust with a thickness of up to 40 m is often found. It is represented by clayey kaolinized rocks, which is a local water reservoir. The passed power of the fractured zone reaches 100-200 and more meters[11,15]. In general, the waters enclosed in the basement rocks have been poorly studied. When drilling deep wells, they are usually not tested and data for hydrogeological generalizations is not enough. The groundwater body is allocated in view of anthropogenic load - on its area there is a large deposit of a building stone "Mikashevichi", which is developed open (career) way. On its territory there is a stone quarry, a crushing and sorting factory and a tailing dump. The geological structure of the territory is associated with the establishment in the Early Proterozoic of deep pre-platform faults of the north-eastern strike, the manifestation of magmatism and the formation of the Volkhov and Mikashevichian rock complexes. The main structure-forming tectonic discontinuities (primarily the South Mikashevichy, the South- Zhitkovichi and Slutsky faults) affect the formation of the surface of the basement, the manifestation of magmatism and metamorphism, and the formation of a sedimentary cover consisting of the deposits of Riphean and Vendian, Upper Devonian, Lower Carboniferous, Middle and the Upper Jurassic, Lower and Upper Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene and anthropogen. Discontinuous tectonic disturbances of different levels and zones of crushing of the rocks of the crystalline basement within the Mikashevichsky protrusion and its southern slope largely determine the hydrogeological conditions, the level regime and the chemical composition of the underground waters [6]. In the quarry area, there are 4 active observation points, where chemical and quantitative monitoring is carried out.

4.2.11 Groundwater body BYPRGW0011 -local water object (Soligorsk industrial rayon)

Presented 1 body and occupies a small area in the North-Western part of the basin of the river Pripyat. The area of distribution of this body is 1.407,37 km2 (Annex 2). The ground water body is allocated in the local water body (Soligorsk industrial district) subject to anthropogenic load of the area is a large Starobin deposit of potassium and rock salt. The Western, Central and Eastern blocks are allocated at the field. In the Central block there are three mine fields of mines 1RU, 2RU, 3RU, and in the East – one mine field 4RU.

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The capacity of saline deposits in the East of the Deposit is about 1000 m,and in the periphery-less than 150. The objects of pollution of groundwater in the Soligorsk industrial district are waste generated after the processing of potassium ores. There are two main types of technological salt waste (solid and liquid). The solids are stored on the surface in the salt dumps. Liquid are sent through pipelines to the sludgestorage. In addition, 2 water intakes for centralized water supply, as well as single wells are operated on the allocated territory. Within the boundaries of the water body near the salt dumps and sludge depositories of mine groups N 1, 2, 3, 4 is equipped with a network of 129 observations, which carried out chemical and quantitative monitoring; 2 hydrogeological post (3 active points of observations) in vivo, which carried out chemical and quantitative monitoring, and 21 observations in the area of water intakes, of which 14 posts had carried out chemical monitoring, and 7 – quantitative.

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4.3 List of identified pressures (loads) associated with groundwater for each groundwater body, including potential pollutants and the most important ecosystems

The list of identified pressures (loads) associated with groundwater for each groundwater body, including potential pollutants and the most important ecosystems is presented in Table 5. Table 5: List of identified pressures (loads) associated with groundwater for each groundwater body, including potential pollutants and the most important ecosystems

Effects on Groundw hydrodynamic Num- aterbody Groundwaterbody Identified (or potential) of the load (the source of exposure) conditions (quantity) Potential polluter ber code name / hydrogeochemical

conditions (quality) 1 GBYPR bIV Drainage reclamation. Drainage facilities. Drainage of the soil horizon, Impact on quantity, increase in salinity W0001 Holocene swamp the change of regime and balance of underground waters, the reduction partly on aquifer of the supply aquifer the reduction capacity of the peat; the peat soil is groundwater quality gradually generalizability and their fertility has deteriorated. Lowering of the levels to 1 and more m. about 14 thousand km2 were Drained, 1.5 km3 of subsoil water storage capacity was destroyed. The effect of drainage reclamation can be traced at a distance of 1-5 km from the object of drainage. On the territory of this water body are the most important ecosystems – wetlands. 2 BYPRG aIV,aIIIpz,laIIIpz 1. Water intakes (18 water intakes for centralized water supply, the Impact on the Organoleptic characteristics W0002 Holocene alluvial, largest – Pinsk, Mozyr capacity exceeds 10 thousand m3/day). quantity and quality (color, turbidity), ammonium lace-land alluvial, Changing the water regime in the aeration zone, and the drainage of Of subsoil water nitrogen lace-land lake- sand and clay rocks and especially peatlands may display subsidence alluvial aquifer (s) of the earth's surface, the formation of depression craters, changing the conditions of the relationship of surface and groundwater, drainage of the soil horizon, the reduction of river flow. Changing the quality of subsoil water due to surface pollution. 2. Household objects: sludge (2 facilities), municipal solid waste (12 Impact on subsoil Ammonium nitrogen, nitrite items), treatment facilities (2 facilities), sludge beds (1), open pit, water quality nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, tailings pond (1), the dump of technological waste (1 object). phosphates, chlorides, sulfates, chromium, iron, heavy metals, oil products, spav, phenols

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Effects on Groundw hydrodynamic Num- aterbody Groundwaterbody Identified (or potential) of the load (the source of exposure) conditions (quantity) Potential polluter ber code name / hydrogeochemical

conditions (quality) 3. Agricultural objects:Application of mineral or organic fertilizers on Impact on subsoil Dry residue, ammonium the area of all agricultural land. One of the largest objects - agricultural water quality nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite fields of irrigation of the agricultural enterprise "state Farm-combine nitrogen, phosphate "Zarya" (observation post Guriny) phosphorus, chloride concentration 4. The most important ecosystems are the valley of the Pripyat river _ _ and its large tributaries (rivers. Yaselda, Bobrik, Vit Skrypytsia Demarka). State national Park "Pripyat" (Simonichi-Rudnensky hydrogeological post). 3 BYPRG fIIszs 1 Water intakes (17 water intakes for centralized water supply, the Impact on the Ammonium nitrogen, silicon W0003 Aquifer cogsci largest – Minsk (Ostrovy), capacity exceeds 10 thousand m3/day). groundwater quantity dioxide boron, barium, nadmoreny Formation of extensive depression craters, changes in the conditions of and quality organoleptic characteristics fluvioglacial the relationship between surface and groundwater, drainage of the ground horizon, reduction of river flow, changes in the structure of groundwater balance. Water quality change. Decrease of levels from 2.5-18 m, the radius of influence from 0.1 to 12 km 2.Municipal facilities: the municipal solid waste (5 sites). Impact on Dry residue, ammonium groundwater quality nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, chlorides, sulphates, petroleum products, spav, mercury, cadmium, zinc, chromium, copper, lead, Nickel, iron, manganese concentration

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Effects on Groundw hydrodynamic Num- aterbody Groundwaterbody Identified (or potential) of the load (the source of exposure) conditions (quantity) Potential polluter ber code name / hydrogeochemical

conditions (quality) 3. Agricultural object. The largest object is Petrikov burial of Impact on dryresidue, pesticides. The effect of pesticide burial (under the most adverse groundwater quality concentrationofammoniumnitro conditions) can be seen at a distance of about 1 kilometer in the depth gen, nitratenitrogen, range of 5-20 m. phosphatephosphorus, chlorides, sulphates, rodanides, mercury, arsenic, cobalt, zinc, copper, lead, iron, Aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane (sumofisomers: - HCH, - HCH, - HCH), DDT, DDT, DDTDDE, chlorophenols, pentachlorophenol, Simazine, atrazine, prometrine, propazine 4 BYPRG f,lgIId-sz 1. Intakes (1 intake "Ostrovy" for centralized water supply, which Impact on the Ammonium nitrogen, silicon W0004 Aquifer Dnieper- exploits the water-bearing Dnieper-cogsci water-glacial complex in the groundwater quantity dioxide, boron, barium, Sozh water-glacial city of Minsk, the performance is more than 10 thousand and quality organoleptic characteristics: complex m3/day.Formation of depression craters, changes in the conditions of color, turbidity. the relationship between surface and groundwater, reduction of river flow, changes in the structure of groundwater balance. Water quality change. Decrease of levels from 2.5-14 m, the radius of influence from 0.1 to 10 km 2. Municipal facilities: silt area (1 object), solid waste landfills (5 Impact on Dry residue, ammonium objects). groundwater quality nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, chlorides, sulphates, petroleum products, spav, mercury, cadmium, zinc, chromium, copper, lead, Nickel, iron, manganese concentration

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Effects on Groundw hydrodynamic Num- aterbody Groundwaterbody Identified (or potential) of the load (the source of exposure) conditions (quantity) Potential polluter ber code name / hydrogeochemical

conditions (quality) 5 BYPRG fIIds 1. Water intakes (9 water intakes for centralized water supply, the Impact on the Ammonium nitrogen, silicon W0005 Water-bearing largest – Pinsk (Pina-2), capacity exceeds 10 thousand m3/day). groundwater quantity boron dioxide, barium, Dnieper nadmoreny Formation of depression craters, changes in the conditions of the and quality organoleptic characteristics fluvioglacial aquifer relationship between surface and groundwater, changes in the structure of groundwater balance. Water quality change. Decrease of levels from 2,5-5,0 m, radius of influence from 0,1 to 5,0 km 2. Household objects: sludge (2 facilities), municipal solid waste (4 Impact on Dry residue, concentration of facilities), treatment facilities (2 facilities), sludge beds (1), pit, the groundwater quality ammonium nitrogen, nitrate tailings storage facility (1 facility). nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, chlorides, sulphates, petroleum products, spav, mercury, cadmium, zinc, chromium, copper, lead, Nickel, iron, manganese 6 BYPRG f,lgIbr-IId + (P+N) 1. Water intakes (19 operating water intakes for centralized water Impact on the Organoleptic characteristics W0006 Water-bearing supply, which are operated by the water-bearing Berezinsky- groundwater quantity (color, turbidity), ammonium Berezinsky- Dneprovsky water-glacial and Paleogene and Neogene complex, the and quality nitrogen Dneprovsky water- capacity exceeds 10 thousand m3/day. Formation of depression craters, glacial and changes in the conditions of the relationship between surface and Paleogene and groundwater, reduction of river flow, changes in the structure of Neogene complex groundwater balance. Water quality change. Decrease of levels from 3.0-10 m, the radius of influence from 0.1 to 8 km 2. Household objects: sludge (1 object), municipal solid waste (9 Impact on Dry residue, ammonium facilities), treatment facilities (1 facility), sludge beds (1), pit, the tailings groundwater quality nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, storage facility (2 facilities), agricultural field irrigation (1 object). phosphate phosphorus, chlorides, sulphates, petroleum products, spav, mercury, cadmium, zinc, chromium, copper, lead, Nickel, iron, manganese concentration 3. The most important ecosystems – the State national Park - "Pripyatski" (Becsky, Mlynokski, Khlupinski, Simonichski, Simonichski- Rudnenski, Snyatinskiy hydrogeological posts) and the Republican landscape reserve "Middle Pripyat" (Turovsky hydrogeological post).

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Effects on Groundw hydrodynamic Num- aterbody Groundwaterbody Identified (or potential) of the load (the source of exposure) conditions (quantity) Potential polluter ber code name / hydrogeochemical

conditions (quality) 7 BYPRG K 1. Water intakes (7 of the existing water intake for centralized water Impact on the Organoleptic characteristics W0007 chalk carbonate- supply (in the Brest region. Bereza, Beloozersk, Drogichin), which groundwater quantity (color, turbidity), ammonium terrigenous aquifer operates the water-bearing Cretaceous carbonate-terrigenous horizon, and quality nitrogen the performance of more than 10 thousand m3/day.The formation of depression funnels, and a change in the structure of balance of underground waters. Water quality change. Decrease of levels from 3,5-11 m, the radius of influence from 0,1 to 5 km 2. The most important ecosystemsis the Republican landscape reserve "Middle Pripyat" (Turov hydrogeological post). 8 BYPRG D3fm2+3,D3sr+sm, 1. Water intakes (4 operating water intakes for centralized water supply Impact on the Organoleptic characteristics W0008 Dst+ln of Slutsk, Soligorsk, David-Gorodok, which are operated by the upper groundwater quantity (color, turbidity), ammonium Aquifer upper Devonian terrigenous-carbonate complex, the capacity exceeds 10 and quality nitrogen Devonian thousand m3/day.The formation of depression funnels, and a change in terrigenous- the structure of balance of underground waters. Water quality change. carbonate complex Lowering levels from 2.5-3.5 m, the radius of influence from 8.0 to 12 km

9 BYPRG V+R2pn 1. Water intakes (14 operating water intakes for centralized water Impact on the Ammonium nitrogen, silicon W0009 Aquifer Pinsk and supply of Pinsk, Stolin, Gantsevichi, etc., which are operated by the groundwater quantity boron dioxide, barium, Vendian aquifer Pinsky and Vendian terrigenous complex, the capacity exceeds and quality organoleptic characteristics terrigenous 10 thousand m3/day. The formation of depression funnels, and a complex change in the structure of balance of underground waters. Water quality change. Lowering of levels from 15.0-18 m, the radius of influence from 5.0 to 8.0 km

10 BYPRG AR-PR1 1. Mining industry.Career of building materials "Mikashevichi". The Impact on the The increase in salinity W0010 Aquifer Archean- Foundation comes to the surface-Mikashevichi, Zhitkovichi. Due to groundwater quantity nizhneproterozoy dewatering of the quarry has been draining and drawdown of the and quality terrigenous capacitive inventory of the soil horizon, the decrease of river complex (quarry discharges, the suction of saline water, reduction of groundwater Mikashevichi) resources up to 50 thousand m3/day. The border of influence of the quarry is 3-7 km.

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Effects on Groundw hydrodynamic Num- aterbody Groundwaterbody Identified (or potential) of the load (the source of exposure) conditions (quantity) Potential polluter ber code name / hydrogeochemical

conditions (quality) 11 BYPRG Soligorsk industrial 1. Mining industry. Mines, salt dumps,sludge storage. Pollution of Impact on the The increase in salinity W0011 district fresh groundwater with brines. Water salinity increased to 160 g / dm3. groundwater quantity The depth of brine penetration is up to 120 m, and the boundaries of and quality salinity halos are more than 2.5 km. the total area of pollution is about 30 km2. Subsidence (displacement) of the day surface up to 4 - 4.5 km, flooding and waterlogging. The area of muld sedimentation is about 200 km2 2. Water intakes (2 active water intakes:Belevichi and Berezki). The Impact on the Ammonium nitrogen, silicon formation of large depression funnels, draining the soil horizon, the groundwater quantity boron dioxide, barium, reduction in river flow, changes in the structure of balance of and quality organoleptic characteristics underground waters. Water quality change due to the impact of man- made objects and the flow of substandard water. Water level decrease, the radius of influence from 0.1 to 12 km.

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4.4 Uncertainties, open problems and gaps in data / information

On the delimitation and characterization of water bodies, we are faced with a number of problematic issues, such as:  It was quite difficult to determine the boundaries of each water body (by area and depth) due to the complex geological and hydrogeological conditions of the region (many aquifers, motley lithological composition, a variety of sources of exposure).  The problem of the lack or unavailability of information on wells located within the allocated bodies of water, especially for single wells, which made it difficult to fully characterize the bodies of water.

 It is necessary to inventory all available documents for wells located within water bodies.  There is no full information on the groundwater quality within the boundaries of each water body. Currently, we have information on the groundwater quality within water bodies only for wells of hydrogeological stations and water intakes. In the future, it is necessary to gather all the complete information (chem. composition and groundwater quality) by observation points (including single wells, local monitoring observation points). To determine trends in groundwater quality, it is necessary to fully characterize the physical and chemical composition of groundwater within the boundaries of the water body, including taking into account anthropogenic impact.

 An integrated assessment of groundwater bodies and associated surface water or terrestrial ecosystems is needed, which at this stage has not been possible due to lack of or unavailability of information.  There is no complete data on land use. It is necessary to clarify the information on land use within the boundaries of the water body as a percentage (%): 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports); 2 Agricultural land; 3. Forests and semi-natural areas (pastures, meadows); 4.Wetlands; 5.Reservoir.

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5 CURRENT SITUATION OF GW MONITORING IN NATURAL AND DISTURBED OPERATION CONDITIONS IN THE PRIPYAT RIVER BASIN

5.1 Brief description of the water legislation of the Republic of Belarus (including the Pripyat river basin)

Water legislation of the Republic of Belarus is based on the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus and consists of the Water code of the Republic of Belarus of 30.04.2014 and other acts of legislation of the Republic of Belarus. The aim of the Water strategy is: to increase the efficiency of use and improve the quality of water resources, balanced with the needs of society and possible climate change. Long-term strategic objectives: harmonization of the water legislation of the Republic of Belarus with the legislation of the European Union; establishment of basin management bodies; provision of legal and organizational basis for public participation in management decisions. The objectives of the water legislation of the Republic of Belarus are the regulation of relations in the field of water use and protection in order to meet the water needs of legal entities and individuals, including foreign ones, protection of water from pollution, contamination and depletion, prevention and elimination of harmful effects of water, restoration and improvement of water bodies. Responsibility for violation of water legislation is established by administrative, criminal, civil legislation. On the basis of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus adopted a number of laws, codes in the field of environmental protection: Law of the Republic of Belarus dated 26 November 1992 № 1982-XII "On environmental protection"; Code of the Republic of Belarus dated 30.04.2014 № 149-Z "Water code of the Republic of Belarus"; Code of the Republic of Belarus dated 14.07.2008 № 406-Z "Mineral resources code of the Republic of Belarus". It should be noted that in the territory of the Republic of Belarus the groundwater monitoring is carried out in natural (hydrogeological posts), disturbed conditions (water intakes) and local sources of groundwater pollution (municipal sources of pollution, filtration fields, etc.). It should be noted that groundwater monitoring at local sources of pollution is not within the competence of the information and analytical center for groundwater monitoring, which operates on the basis of the branch "Institute of Geology" Of the state enterprise "SPC on Geology". In turn, Resolution No. 949 of 14.07.2003" On the National system of environmental monitoring in the Republic of Belarus " defines the procedure for the organization and functioning of the National system of environmental monitoring (hereinafter – NEMS); Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus of 28 April 2004. N 482 "about the approval of regulations on the order of carrying out as a part of NEMS in Republic of Belarus of monitoring of surface waters, ground waters, atmospheric air, local environment monitoring and use of data of these monitoring". On the basis of this Resolution, the next regulation documents were adopted: the procedure for groundwater monitoring and the use of its data as part of the NEMS; on the information and analytical center for groundwater monitoring of the NEMS in the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter- groundwater IAC). Resolution of the Ministry of natural resources of the Republic of Belarus dated 14.06.2006 №39 approved "instruction on the procedure for groundwater monitoring ". The order of the Ministry of natural resources "on some issues of monitoring of surface and groundwater" dated 21.11.11 № 465-

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OD approved the list of existing organizations that monitor groundwater and the list of observation points of the state network of groundwater observations. The quality of groundwater is estimated using the standard SanPiN 10-124 RB 99 "Drinking water. Hygienic requirements to water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control Sanitary rules and regulations". It should be noted that the "Instruction on the procedure forgroundwater monitoring " determined that the frequency of the groundwater level regime is measured 3 times per month, and the quality – 1 time a year. The list of micro and macro components is as follows: pH, total hardness, total mineralization (dry residue), oxidation of permanganate, chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, bicarbonate ion, nitrates (NO3 -), sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonia (nitrogen), free carbon dioxide, iron (total), activated silica (Si), nitrite ion, fluorides, manganese (total).), boron (b), polyphosphates (PO43 -), lead (total), copper (total), zinc, cadmium (total). Article 12, paragraph 1.8 of the Water Code of the Republic of Belarus, on the basis of which the Ministry of natural resources together with the Ministry of health of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter – the Ministry of health) is responsible for the state water cadastre (hereinafter – SWC). Resolution of the Council of Ministers "regulation on the procedure for maintaining the state water cadastre" of March 12, 2010 № 345 approves the procedure for maintaining the SWC, which is a systematic data on the quantity and quality of water, as well as their use.Developed technological scheme of SWC, which identifies the responsible organization at each stage of reference.

5.2 Development of groundwater monitoring in the territory of the Republic of Belarus (including the Pripyat river basin).

On the territory of the Republic of Belarus groundwater monitoring has been carried out since the 60s of last century. It should be noted that until the 1960s, the main large-scale factor affecting groundwater was the reclamation of wetlands and wetlands, which led to the structure and territorial distribution of the regime hydrogeological network. That is why the first hydrogeological posts were opened in the Pripyat river basin (Polesie). They were Pinsky, Stolinsky, Berezovsky and other hydrogeological posts. At the same time, regime studies focused on the study of the processes of formation of the natural regime of groundwater – the influence of hydrometeorological factors on it, the establishment of intra- annual and long-term regularities of fluctuations in the level and temperature. However, this regime network did not fully meet the needs of the study of their geochemical regime, did not take into account the diversity of sources of modern anthropogenic pollution. In the 70s-80s of the last century, the commissioning of large enterprises for the extraction and processing of minerals, chemical and other industries, large livestock complexes, caused changes in the quality of groundwater [1]. This required the improvement of the network of observations of the regime and, especially, the quality of groundwater. Scientific and industrial hydrogeological organizations that conducted monitoring studies have adapted and improved the structure of the regime network, observation technology, research methodology in relation to new environmental challenges. The methodical recommendations on the organization and production of observations of the regime of groundwater, as well as the principles of placement of the network of hydrogeological observation points developed by the all-Union research Institute of hydrogeology and engineering Geology [9, 12] were used. The main principles of formation of the monitoring network at the present time are: consistency, hierarchy, complexity. Leading of them is the principle of consistency allows you to build in the framework of the tasks corresponding to the hierarchy of the systems of hydrosphere and monitoring, taking into account the

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specificity of structure and properties of the geological environment and anthropogenic loads of character and intensity, spatial and temporal variability. The principle of hierarchy provides for the ranking of monitoring objects according to the state of the natural environment and the scale of technological changes with the allocation of national, background and transboundary ranks. The principle of complexity requires the establishment of compliance programs and timing of observations in the interconnected objects of the environment – the atmosphere, soil, surface and groundwater. In a broad sense, the concept of environmental monitoring and, in particular, groundwater monitoring includes observation, analysis, assessment, prediction and presentation of an informative basis for management [9]. .Ranking of points of observation of the groundwater state in natural conditions. According to the current state register of observation points of the NEMS, in accordance with the scale of the controlled processes, the observation network is divided into three ranks: national, background and cross-border. Each observation point characterizes the regime of groundwater of a certain type of territory, which allows reasonably extrapolating the results of observations on the area within certain boundaries. Background monitoring network is designed to study the natural (background) groundwater regime, which is the initial (reference) in the assessment of anthropogenic load, taking into account the total hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical zoning of groundwater. The main objectives of this network include the study of the laws of formation of the natural regime, the relationship with climatic factors, the study of resources and chemical composition of groundwater for the timely detection of anthropogenic impacts during the transport of pollutants and during major economic activities [7]. The national monitoring network is used to study the peculiarities of groundwater formation due to the natural conditions of a particular region and the peculiarity of technogenic changes in the underground hydrosphere. The data obtained are used to assess groundwater resources, identify regional trends in their changes and forecast the hydrogeological situation, taking into account ongoing and planned activities. Observations characterize the natural conditions of the region, for which the monitoring points are based on the main types of natural-territorial complexes. The transboundary network of groundwater observation points is designed to assess the state of transboundary aquifers (complexes) and the peculiarities of their formation in the border areas. The objects of groundwater monitoring are shallow water and artesian groundwater. The organization of groundwater monitoring is carried out by the Ministry of natural resources and environmental protection of the Republic of Belarus. The main institutions involved in the monitoring of groundwater are: the Belarusian complex geological exploration expedition and the branch "Institute of Geology" of the state enterprise "SPC on Geology". Analyses of water samples are carried out by the branch " Central laboratory " of the state enterprise" SPC on Geology " accredited for independence and technical competence in accordance with the established procedure. The competence of the Belarusian integrated geological expedition includes: field work, including the measurement of groundwater levels; sampling for physical and chemical analysis; preparation of well passports; preparation and transmission of primary information to the groundwater monitoring IAC of branch "Institute of Geology". Information on the level regime, quality of groundwater, water sampling, resources, reserves, etc.transmitted to the groundwater monitoring IAC is processed and stored in the database "Groundwater of Belarus". On the basis of this information, annual reports and bulletins are prepared, which are transmitted to the Ministry of natural resources of the Republic of Belarus, and are available to interested parties.

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5.3 Natural regime of groundwater in the Pripyat river basin

On the territory of the Pripyat river basin are located 29 hydrogeological posts (106 observation wells), of which 25 hydrogeological postsare active and 4 are conserved. 25 activehydrogeological posts include 76 observation wells, while 15 observation wells equipped on the shallow, and 61 on the pressureground water. There are 20active hydrogeological posts 86 wells – national; 4 – background (12 wells) and 1 – transboundary (6 wells) ranks. (Figure 1). The density of the regime networkof wells in the Pripyat river basin is 1.45 per 1.000 km2. The objects of groundwater monitoring are shallow water and artesian groundwaterriver basin.

Figure 1: Map-scheme of hydrogeological posts location on the territory of the Pripyat Groundwater of Quaternary and sub-Quaternary sediments is observed Table 6).

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Table 6: List of aquifers (complexes) that are under observation in the Pripyat river basin

Number of wells Total number of Code of ground active Conserved wells on the water body Horizon horizon Quaternary sediments

BYPRGW0002 aIV 3 2 5

aIIIpz 4 5 9

laIIIpz 1 - 1

BYPRGW0003 gIIszs 3 - 3

s BYPRGW0003 fIIsz 3 3 3 6

BYPRGW0004 f,lgIId-sz 3 1 4

BYPRGW0005 fIIds 5 3 8

BYPRGW0005 gIId 2 3 5

BYPRGW0006 f,lgIbr-IId 19 7 26

Pte-Quaternary sediments

BYPRGW0006 P3+N 6 1 7

P3hr 4 3 7

P2kv 14 1 15

BYPRGW0007 K2t 4 - 4

BYPRGW0008 D3fm 2 1 3

BYPRGW0009 R2pn 3 - 3

Total 76 30 106

5.3.1 Factors of formation of hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical groundwater regimes in the Pripyat river basin

The formation of the level regime and the quality of fresh groundwater in the basin Pripyat is the result of a complex process of interaction of various natural and anthropogenic factors. These are, first of all, climatic factors (amount of precipitation, temperature, etc.), geomorphological, geological and hydrogeological features (swampy territory, groundwater dynamics, composition of water-bearing rocks, etc.), as well as anthropogenic factors (reclamation activities, etc.). As follows from their Table 1, on the territory of the Pripyat river basin the groundwater observations are carried out for Quaternary and pre-Quaternary sediments (Table 7)

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Table 7: Average (for last 5 years) groundwater chemical composition (background values) of the main aquifers and complexes of the active water exchange zone in the territory of basin Pripyat

Сoncentration, mg/dm3 Average Code of GWB Horizon depth of Total Total - 2 - - 2+ 2 + + sampling, м HCO 3 SO4 Cl NO3 Ca Mg Na K NH4 Fe total mineraliz рН hardness ation mg-eqv/l

Quaternary deposits BYPRGW0002 aIV 2,41 163,3 28,1 12 1,5 51,3 7,8 4,63 1,07 0,01 16,61 270,8 7,53 3,2 aIIIpz 2,4 22,85 32,5 7,7 2,4 9,4 2,7 1,8 2,2 0,2 25,23 75,0 6,75 0,69 laIIIpz 2,35 42,7 2,9 5,5 1,1 11 2 2,5 1,5 0,4 4,84 69,8 7,81 0,71 s BYPRGW0003 fIIsz 3 3,09 153 29,0 33 1,4 52,0 8,3 11,2 1,17 0,4 11,87 294,0 7,10 3,32 BYPRW0003 gIIszs 2,60 161,6 38,3 27 2,4 51,1 14 3,90 1,10 0,1 13,75 305,3 6,97 3,91 BYPRGW0004 f,lgIId-sz 3,46 51,9 2,0 6 2,4 11,0 2,7 2,10 0,50 0,1 0,28 76,7 7,74 0,77 BYPRGW0005 fIIds 3,93 50,3 6,6 58 1,2 29,1 2,7 12,0 8,40 0,7 12,96 167,0 6,87 1,67 BYPRGW0005 gIId 2,58 9,2 2,0 12,1 1,1 3,3 2,0 0,50 2,00 0,7 12,02 30,9 6,03 0,32 BYPRGW0006 f,lgIbr-IId 3,54 128 6,8 16 2,2 31,4 6,1 6,29 2,61 1,3 10,73 190,0 7,62 2,07 Pre-Quaternary deposits

BYPRGW0006 P3+N 3,30 159 8,2 16,6 1,4 38,0 9,0 9,48 2,35 1,1 6,63 242,0 7,30 2,64

P3hr 2,20 157 2,1 15,7 1,2 35,5 5,4 12,2 2,25 0,9 2,87 234,0 7,95 2,34

P2kv 3,50 154 6,6 5,61 1,4 23,9 9,6 6,25 2,72 1,5 5,76 218,0 7,68 2,34

BYPRGW0007 K2t 3,44 147 21,0 18 1,6 34,3 5,8 14,6 4,03 0,9 3,91 232,0 7,89 2,19

BYPRGW0008 D3fm 1,05 79,3 28,0 2 0,7 15,0 3,9 3,00 2,70 0,1 3,28 108,0 7,51 1,07

BYPRGW0009 R2pn 4,60 96,1 6,4 4 1,4 25,4 3,7 3,40 2,35 0,4 0,40 142,9 8,08 1,57

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Shallow water on the chemical composition mainly hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium, the value of total mineralization varies from 30 to 400 mg/dm3, which indicates that the water is ultra-fresh and fresh. Shallow waters of the research area are mainly soft, neutral, slightly acidic. According to researches of V. I. Pashkevich (1986) in the region the areas of distribution of ultra-fresh underground waters with mineralization less than 100 mg/dm3 are allocated. They are usually confined to the elevated areas of glacial plains and the second floodplain terraces, composed of well-washed quartz sand (territory between rivers Stviga and Ubort, Sluch and Ptich, Cna and Lan). It should also be noted that in this area the feature of shallow water is a very high content of organic substances (up to 100 -300 mg/dm3), represented mainly by fulvic and humic acids. These waters have a very high iron content, sometimes reaching 25 -30 mg/dm3. That is why the sediment of groundwater is painted in light red-brown color. To describe the chemical composition and quality of groundwater in the Pripyat river basin, the data of the database "Groundwater of Belarus" and the stock material were used, in particular the research of such an author as Pashkevich V. I. (he carried out numerous studies on the groundwater hydrochemistry in this territory). The data in Table 7 are the data (background values of groundwater) contained in the database, and for the breadth of understanding of the groundwater chemical composition the data of the mentioned author are also used. Ground waters of the Dnieper-Sozhsky water-glacial complex are mainly bicarbonate calcium- magnesium. Mineralization varies from 80 to 200 mg/dm3. The waters are mostly neutral and soft. The total iron content on average is 0.28 mg/dm3 (MPC – 0.3 mg / dm3). The most important operated water-bearing complexes in the territory of the basin Pripyat are intermountain Berezinsky-Dneprovsky, Paleogene-Neogene, Cretaceous-upper Jurassic, upper Proterozoic. They are actively operated by group water intakes and a large number of single artesian wells. Berezina-Dnieper water-glacial complex contains predominantly hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium waters. Their mineralization ranges from 40 to 610 mg/dm3. The waters are mostly neutral and soft. The maximum values of mineralization (up to 600 mg/dm3) are observed within the river floodplains and the first floodplain terraces, i.e. in the areas of discharge of the aquifer complex. Here, in groundwater, a sharp increase in the content of Cl - and Na+ (up to 120 – 220 mg/dm3) is recorded, and the waters acquire a bicarbonate-chloride calcium-sodium composition. Groundwater Berezina-Dnieper water-bearing complex typical increase of iron content, which greatly complicates their use for needs of drinking water. The iron content ranges from traces to 10 – 16 mg/dm3. Due to the relatively small depths of the Berezinsky-Dneprovskycomplex (on average from 20 to 60 m), traces of anthropogenic pollution are often observed in its waters. The chemical composition of ground waters of the Paleogene-Neogene water-glacial complex is bicarbonate calcium-magnesium, sometimes with high content of Cl -, and Na+. Their total mineralization ranges from 30-100 to 600-700 mg/dm3, and in the discharge areas of mineralized water depths it can reach 4.8 – 7.2 g/dm3. Fresh waters with mineralization of less than 100 mg/dm3 in sediments of Paleogene-Neogene identified in the watershed areas where the incision overlying complex deposits there are no significant power waterproof depth (the area between the rivers Stviga and Ubort). The waters of the complex are sometimes enriched with manganese (Mn2+), whose concentrations are on average 0.05 – 0.2 mg/dm3 and sometimes reach 0.8 mg/dm3 under the condition of MPC – 0.1 mg/dm3 (SanPiN 10-124 RB 99). Due to the relatively large depth of occurrence (average 60 – 80 m) traces of anthropogenic pollution in the waters of this complex is very rare [6].

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Groundwater of the Turonian terrigenous-carbonate complex is fresh, the total mineralization varies from 129 to 244 mg/dm3. Ground waters are mainly hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium. In places of discharge of more mineralized waters acquire chloride-bicarbonate calcium-sodium composition. The total hardness ranges from 1.2 to 2.66 mmol/dm3, indicating that the groundwater is soft, mostly neutral. The presence of anthropogenic influence is not observed. Due to the high (up to 5 mg/dm3) iron content of the total groundwater has a shade of light red to red. .Groundwater of the aquifer famensky terrigenous carbonate complex is mainly bicarbonate calcium- magnesium. Mostly neutral and soft. Characterized by the presence of a large content of total iron (up to 3.28 mg/dm3), therefore, most often a precipitate of red color. The value of total groundwater salinity of the Pinsk terrigenous complex ranges from 125 to 160 mg/dm3. Ground water is mainly magnesium-calcium bicarbonate, soft. Mostly neutral, less often slightly alkaline. The total iron content is almost within acceptable limits (0.25 – 0.57 mg/dm3).

5.3.2 Hydrogeochemical analysis of groundwater data of the Pripyat river basin for 2017

On the territory of the Pripyat river basin, groundwater quality in 2017 was studied at 10 hydrogeological stations (21 observation wells). The groundwater quality in the Pripyat river basin basically corresponds to the established norms of SanPiN 10-124 RB 99. No significant changes in the chemical composition of groundwater were found. The value of the hydrogen index in 2017 amounted to 5.8-8.42 units, which means that the pool waters are neutral, slightly alkaline. The total hardness index variedfrom 0.82 to 6.47 mmol/dm3, which indicates the spread of soft and medium hardness of groundwater within the Pripyat river basin. In 2017, no exceedances of MAC were detected in the groundwater of the Pripyat river basin. In the pressure waters, the most excess was revealed by the oxidation of permanganate and silicon oxide (Si), due to the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The groundwater quality in their content of micro components meets the requirements of SanPiN 10-124 RB 99, except for the reduced content of fluorine. The temperature regime of groundwater during sampling ranged from 6.5 to 9.0 ° C. On the territory of the study for the period from 2014 to 2016 identified hydrogeological posts, where thegroundwater quality does not always meet the requirements of MAC, mainly on the oxidation of permanganate, pH, hardness, nitrogen compounds (Table 8). So in the pressure waters 44 samples did not correspond to the oxidation of permanganate; 11 – ammonium nitrogen; 2 – nitrite; 1 – nitrate. Among them: in the water-bearing Berezinsky-Dneprovsky water – glacial complex did not meet the requirements of 9 samples on the oxidation of permanganate; 5 – on ammonium nitrogen; 2-on nitrites. In the Kiev aquifer terrigenous complex 9 samples did not correspond to the oxidation of permanganate; 1 – to nitrates; 4 – to ammonium nitrogen. In the aquifer Oligocene and Neogene water-glacial complex 6 samples do not correspond to the oxidation of permanganate and 2 – ammonium nitrogen. The performed statistical analysis of hydrogeochemical data shows that thegroundwater quality in the Pripyat river basin is quite good (with the exception of single wells, which are located on agricultural land). If there are increased values/content of some indicators/components (oxidation of permanganate, iron, manganese, sometimes ammonium nitrogen), it is mainly due to the influence of natural factors, namely the presence of a large area of wetlands, buried organic matter, etc.

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Table 8: The revealed exceedances of the maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants in the ground waters of the Pripyat river basin in 2014- 2017.

3 total concentration, mg/dm Name of The hardn Perman Code of hydro- Well index of Ground Т, рН Total ess,мг ganate Cl SO4 NO3 NH4-N NO2 GWB geological № the water °С mineral. -eqv/l oxid. Source of pollution post aquifer 6,0-9,0 7 1000 5 350 500 45 2 3

2014 BYPRGW s 104, Zarechenski 1235 fIIsz shallow 9 7,2 3,06 251,96 2,6 24,3 33,4 1 0,6 Agricultural pollution 0003 3 3 BYPRGW Sitnensky 147 P kv pressure 8 7,58 4,99 438,65 10,08 2,1 <2,0 4,5 <0,1 1,2 0006 2 Natural conditions BYPRGW Letenecky 729 P +N pressure 8,2 7,06 2,05 232,9 14,72 7 4,9 <0,1 3 <0,01 0006 3 BYPRGW s Gorohovskiy 722 gIIsz shallow 7,6 7,76 6,61 520,05 2,8 106,1 112,3 55,2 0,3 0,75 Agricultural pollution 0003 BYPRGW Bykovskiy 978 f,lgIbr-IId pessure 8 8,3 3,43 279,99 2,84 9,1 <2,0 0,6 2 0,05 0006 BYPRGW Bykovskiy 977 P kv pressure 8 8,31 5,97 443,04 9,6 7,1 <2,0 0,7 0,4 0,1 0006 2 BYPRGW Snyadinskiy 684 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 9 7,8 2,32 200,32 9,04 9,5 <2,0 0,8 0,2 <0,02 0006 Natural conditions BYPRGW Snyadinskiy 685 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 8,9 7,79 3,3 294,72 6,32 6,5 <2,0 0,8 <0,1 0,02 0006 BYPRGW Hlupinskiy 681 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 9,1 6,86 1,67 229,5 11,92 7 <2,0 <0,1 20 <0,01 0006 BYPRGW Hlupinskiy 683 P kv pressure 9 7,66 0,84 112,22 3,76 5 <2,0 0,5 3 0,05 0006 2 BYPRGW Simonichskiy 673 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 9,1 8,77 1,62 119,44 1,44 40 13,6 1,5 1,5 3,3 Municipal pollution 0006 2015 BYPRGW Bechskiy 670 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 9,5 7,56 3,79 347,63 6,56 92,9 2 0,1 0,1 0,01 0006 BYPRGW s Agricultural pollution Gorohovskiy 722 gIIsz pressure 8,5 7,77 6,67 537,1 1,68 95,1 107,4 70,2 0,1 1,2 0003 (plowed field) BYPRGW s Zarechenski 1235 fIIsz shallow 9 6,36 2,24 185,57 3,4 14,6 2,5 78,6 0,3 0,4 0003 3 BYPRGW Letenecky 729 P +N pressure 8,5 7,06 2,05 232,9 14,72 7 4,9 0,1 3 0,01 Natural conditions 0006 3

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BYPRGW Ploskinskiy 1280 P kv pressure 7,5 7,36 2,11 238,58 2,56 3,4 6,2 0,1 4,5 0,01 0006 2 BYPRGW Simonichskiy 1300 P kv pressure 10 6,91 0,77 78,2 7,5 15,3 4,9 2,8 0,6 0,45 0006 -Rudnenskiy 2 BYPRGW Sitnensky 147 P kv pressure 8 8,05 4,95 437,24 9,6 1,6 2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0006 2 BYPRGW Hlupinskiy 681 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 9 6,8 1,59 188,57 10,3 6,1 2 0,1 0,2 0,01 0006 2016 BYPRGW s Gorohovskiy 723 gIIsz pressure 8,5 6,97 3,91 305,3 5,12 27,0 38,3 2,4 <0,1 <0,01 0003 BYPRGW Gorohovskiy 721 P +N pressure 8 7,29 6,17 514,75 6,56 3,0 14,4 1,9 <0,1 <0,01 0006 3 Agricultural pollution BYPRGW Gorohovskiy 720 P kv pressure 8 7,24 6,44 543,9 8,0 3,5 2,1 1,5 1,5 <0,01 0006 2 BYPRGW s Zarechenski 1235 fIIsz shallow 9 6,25 2,64 221,85 1,76 25,0 9,1 119 <0,1 <0,01 0003 3 BYPRGW s Letenecky 725 fIIsz shallow 9 6,9 0,93 97,1 6,24 18,0 17,3 0,3 0,7 <0,01 0006 3 BYPRGW Letenecky 729 P +N pressure 8 6,11 1,99 164,7 26,24 3,5 <2,0 1,9 1,0 <0,01 Natural conditions 0006 3 BYPRGW Mlynokskiy 1273 P kv pressure 9 7,54 0,54 95,88 4,8 5,4 <2,0 2,1 3,0 0,2 0006 2 BYPRGW Bechskiy 670 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 9 7,21 3,63 531,3 5,92 106,9 2,9 <0,1 2,0 <0,01 0006 Natural conditions BYPRGW Ploskinskiy 1280 P kv pressure 8,5 7,82 2,26 210,4 1,9 5,0 7,0 1,2 3,6 <0,01 0006 2 BYPRGW Rychevskiy 1297 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 9,5 7,79 1,87 175,68 5,12 4,9 <2,0 <0,1 0,3 0,01 Municipal pollution 0006 BYPRGW Simonichskiy 673 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 11 7,22 1,02 90,05 4,96 29,7 7,0 6,1 3,0 6,0 0006 BYPRGW Sitnensky 147 P kv pressure 8 7,92 5,48 459,0 12,48 4,0 5,8 0,5 1,5 0,5 Agricultural pollution 0006 2 BYPRGW 11, Snyadinskiy 685 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 8,08 4,06 358,26 5,84 4,0 4,9 0,9 <0,1 0,01 0006 5

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BYPRGW Hlupinskiy 681 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 9 6,75 1,92 246,58 6,8 2,5 <2,0 <0,1 4,5 <0,01 Natural conditions 0006 2017 BYPRGW Alexandrovskiy 28 P kv pressure 8,0 7,49 1,20 146,65 4,48 15 12,3 0,2 0,7 0,5 0006 2 BYPRGW Bykovskiy 977 P kv pressure 8,0 7,68 5,39 440,40 4,00 8 <2,0 0,4 0,1 <0,01 0006 2 Natural conditions BYPRGW Bykovskiy 978 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 8,0 8,10 3,28 267,54 1,84 8 <2,0 1,8 0,1 <0,01 0006 BYPRGW Gorohovskiy 721 P +N pressure 8,0 7,95 5,99 491,92 4,96 5 <2,0 0,8 0,1 <0,01 0006 3 Natural BYPRGW Gorohovskiy 720 P kv pressure 8,0 7,64 6,47 544,35 6,08 5 4,1 0,2 0,10 <0,01 conditions,Agricultural 0006 2 pollution BYPRGW s Gorohovskiy 722 gIIsz pressure 9,0 7,68 6,27 493,80 0,56 92,9 113,6 35,5 1,5 <0,01 Natural conditions 0003 BYPRGW Natural conditions, Krestunovskiy 1333 P kv pressure 8,0 7,10 3,81 388,25 5,60 13 2,1 0,3 0,1 <0,01 0006 2 Agricultural pollution BYPRGW Letenecky 725 fIIszs shallow 8,5 6,65 1,31 113,90 3,20 15,5 44,9 1,1 0,2 <0,01 0003 3 Natural conditions BYPRGW Natural conditions Letenecky 727 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 8,7 7,15 1,19 96,60 1,28 15 17,7 2,1 <0,1 <0,01 0006 BYPRGW Natural conditions, Letenecky 729 P +N pressure 8,0 6,83 1,79 153,55 23,68 4 <2,0 1,0 <0,1 <0,01 0006 3 Agricultural pollution BYPRGW Parahonskiy 1331 R pn pressure 8,0 8,10 1,75 168,52 1,92 6 7,8 0,3 <0,1 <0,01 0009 2 BYPRGW Parahonskiy 1329 P kv pressure 8,0 7,00 0,27 34,70 1,84 8 <2,0 0,2 <0,1 <0,01 0006 2 BYPRGW Pinskiy 31 aIIIpz shallow 7,5 6,25 0,33 95,20 2,32 11 10,7 0,4 0,2 <0,01 0002 Natural conditions BYPRGW Ploskinskiy 225 laIIIpz shallow 6,5 6,95 0,70 61,00 3,12 4 <2,0 0,4 <0,1 <0,01 0002 BYPRGW Ploskinskiy 1278 f,lgIbr-IId pressure 9,0 8,21 1,03 90,70 1,76 8,5 4,5 0,1 <0,1 <0,01 0006 BYPRGW Ploskinskiy 1276 K2t pressure 8,7 8,12 1,31 125,00 1,60 7,5 <2,0 0,3 <0,1 <0,01

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0007 BYPRGW Ploskinskiy 1275 R pn pressure 9,0 7,72 1,58 157,75 1,68 7 5,3 0,2 0,1 <0,01 0009 2 BYPRGW Ploskinskiy 1279 R pn pressure 9,0 8,42 1,31 118,42 1,12 7 3,7 0,2 <0,1 <0,01 0009 2 BYPRGW Alexandrovskiy 215 aIIIpz shallow 9,0 7,19 1,25 110,59 4,24 13,1 27,6 1,0 0,2 0,05 0002 BYPRGW Natural conditions, Bykovskiy 147 P kv pressure 8,0 7,47 5,04 429,80 24,00 3,5 <2,0 0,4 _ <0,01 0006 2 Agricultural pollution

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5.3.3 Hydrodynamic analysis of groundwater data of the Pripyat river basin for 2017

The hydrodynamic groundwater regime in the Pripyat river basin was studied at 25 hydrogeological stations. Groundwater levels were measured in 76 wells, 15 of which were equipped for shallow water and 61 for pressure water. Seasonal regime of shallow water on all wells hydrogeological posts is characterized by the presence of spring and autumn climbs and winter and summer recessions. The minimum position of the shallow water level was in February, June, September. Maximum-mainly for the entire spring period (March – may). Annual amplitudes of shallow water level fluctuations in wells of hydrogeological posts in the Pripyat river basin varied from 0.4 to 0.97 m. Maximum amplitudes of level fluctuations ranged from 1.17 to 1.6 m. The temperature regime of shallow water during the reporting period was characterized by changes in temperatures from 4.5 ° C to 13.3 ° C. Seasonal regime of artesian waters within the basin as well as in other basins was characterized by the presence of spring rise and summer decline. The minimum position of the level in 2017 was mainly in June, September, the maximum-in March, sometimes in April. The annual amplitudes of the artesian water level fluctuations in 2017 in the wells of the hydrogeological posts of the Pripyat river basin varied from 0.12 to 1.56 m. The temperature regime of artesian waters was characterized by temperature changes from 5.8 ° C to 14.0 ° C. Thus, the Pripyat river basin is located in the area of seasonal spring and autumn nutrition, respectively, these seasons in the annual course of shallow water and pressure water levels are marked by rises, followed by recessions. As a result of the analysis of seasonal changes in groundwater levels, it was found that in 2017 there was a rise in both shallow and pressure water levels. The average increase in groundwater levels within the Pripyat river basin was 0.3 m for shallow water and 0.25 m for pressure water.

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5.4 Disturbed groundwater regime in the Pripyat river basin

On the territory of the Pripyat river basin there are currently 46 ground water intakes (all group water intakes, where reserves are approved, i.e. reserves that have passed the state examination and approved in accordance with the established procedure for the purpose, quantity and categories of study for the state balance sheet. These water intakes take more than 10m3 water per day.. Administratively water intakes are located in Minsk, Gomel, Brest, Mogilev regions (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Schematic map of the location of water intakes in the Pripyat river basin The main aquifers (complexes), which are equipped (operate) water intakes are Quaternary and pre- Quaternary deposits. To Quaternary sediments include: water-bearing Dnieper-cogsci, Berezinsky- Dneprovski, lower-mid-Pleistocene aquifers (complexes). To the pre-Quaternary-ground waters of Cretaceous, Jurassic, Devonian, upper Proterozoic, Valdai, Neogene, Paleogene-Neogene and Archean-lower Proterozoic deposits (Table 9). Table 9: List of water intakes located in the territory of the Pripyat river basin and their main exploited aquifers (complexes)

Index of the Commiss Technical № Code of the Population The name of the aquifer ioning condition of Regime water horizon center water intake complex year water intake

1 BYPRGW0007 Bereza Pervomayskiy K2s1 1987 operational not maintained

2 BYPRGW0006 Beloozersk Water intake №1 P3-N2 1957 operational not maintained

3 BYPRGW0007 Beloozersk Lesnoy K2s1 Н.с. operational not maintained

4 BYPRGW0007 Khomichi Khomichi K2s2 Н.с. operational not maintained 5 BYPRGW0009 Gancevichi Lubashevo Vrd 1977 operational not maintained

6 BYPRGW0007 Drogichin Belenok K2s1 1979 operational not maintained

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Index of the Commiss Technical № Code of the Population The name of the aquifer ioning condition of Regime water horizon center water intake complex year water intake 7 BYPRGW0009 Khomsk Well №2/2002 Vrt Н.с. operational not maintained

8 BYPRGW0009 Ivanovo Lesnoy R2pn+Vvl 1989 operational not maintained

9 BYPRGW0009 Telekhany Telekhany R2pn 1999 operational not maintained 10 BYPRGW0006 Luninec Lunin P -Q 2008 operational not maintained

BYPRGW0011 PR2 2008 operational not maintained 11 BYPRGW0008 Luninec Luninec milk plant Dst+ln Н.с. operational not maintained

12 BYPRGW0009 Mikashevic Sluch-2 R2pn 2008 operational not hi maintained

13 BYPRGW0008 Mikashevic Gorodskoy D2-К2S1 Н.с. operational not hi maintained

14 BYPRGW0007 Pinsk Pina-1 К2 1938 operational not maintained

15 BYPRGW0009 Pinsk Pina-2 R2pn 1938 operational not maintained

BYPRGW0009 R2pn 1969 operational not maintained

16 BYPRGW0009 Sadoviy Sadoviy R2pn Н.с. operational not maintained

17 BYPRGW0009 Pinsk Polesie R2pn Н.с. operational not maintained

18 BYPRGW0009 Stolin Goryn R2pn+Vr 2008 operational not d maintained 19 BYPRGW0008 Davis Starorechie Dst+ln Н.с. operational not Gorodok maintained 20 BYPRGW0006 Elsk Elsk Pkv+hr 1999 operational not maintained 21 BYPRGW0006 Zgitkovichi Cheretyanka Pkv+hr 1994 operational not maintained 22 BYPRGW0006 Kalinkovichi Lesnoy Pkn-hr 1962 operational maintained

23 BYPRGW0006 Ozarichi Priozernyi-1 f,lg,gI-II Н.с. operational not maintained

24 BYPRGW0002 Lelchicy Lelchicy C1 Н.с. operational maintained

25 BYPRGW0006 Mozyr Luchezhevichi P -Q 1976 operational not maintained

26 BYPRGW0006 Narovlya Narovlyanskiy P3hr 2000 operational not maintained 27 BYPRGW0006 Oktyabrskiy Kovali Pkv+hr Н.с. operational not maintained 28 BYPRGW0006 Petrikov Belanovichi Pkv+hr 2005 operational not maintained

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Index of the Commiss Technical № Code of the Population The name of the aquifer ioning condition of Regime water horizon center water intake complex year water intake 29 BYPRGW0006 Kopatkevich Cheluschevichi Pkv+hr Н.с. operational not i maintained 30 BYPRGW0006 Davydovka Davydovka -1 P Н.с. operational not maintained 31 BYPRGW0006 Khoyniki Gorodskoy Pkn-hr 1967 operational not maintained 32 BYPRGW0004 Minsk Ostrovy f,lglld-sz 1968 operational not maintained

33 BYPRGW0009 Kopyl Yakubovichi R2pn 1966 operational not maintained

34 BYPRGW0008 Sluck Lokneya D3fm1 1976 operational not maintained

35 BYPRGW0008 Sluck Shugar factory D3fm1 1962 operational not maintained

36 BYPRGW0008 Sluck Pionerskiy D3fm2 1959 operational not maintained 37 BYPRGW0006 Luban Kostuki Pkv+hr 1998 operational not maintained

38 BYPRGW0008 Soligorsk Belevichi D3fm1 1976 operational maintained

39 BYPRGW0006 Soligorsk Berezki N1br 1995 operational not maintained

40 BYPRGW0006 Soligorsk Krasnoslobodskiy N1br Н.с. operational not maintained

41 BYPRGW0009 Starye Noviy R2pn 1992 operational not Dorogi maintained

42 BYPRGW0011 Kleck Lan PR2 1989 operational not maintained BYPRGW0006 f,lglbr-lld 1989 operational not maintained 43 BYPRGW0006 Glusk Myslotino Pkv+hr 1998 operational not maintained 44 BYPRGW0006 Kalinkovichi Gorodskoy P Н.с. operational not maintained Note: all water intakes that are indicated in the table as "operational" are active water intakes, i.e. water intakes that are used. Currently, in the conditions violated by the operation, the study of the state of the groundwater level regime and the quality is carried out on 5 water intakes, which are presented in Table 10. On the territory of the Pripyat river basin these water intakes are characterized by the greatest water abstraction.

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Table 10: The list of water intakes located in the Pripyat river basin on which regime observations are carried out

Water abstraction м3/day № Code of GWB Population center Name of water intake Aquifer index (on 2017) 1 BYPRGW0006 Kalinkovichi Lesnoy Pkn-hr 11.773

2 BYPRGW0006 Mozyr Luchezhevichi P - Q 23.579

3 BYPRGW0004 Minsk Ostrovy f,lglld-sz 32.850

4 BYPRGW0008 Soligorsk Belevichi D3fm1 17.600

5 BYPRGW0006 Berezki N1br 2.300

Observations of the hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical groundwater state at the water intakes are carried out at 46 observation wells, equipped with both the main exploited and overlying and underlying aquifers, and complexes, which are presented in Table 11. Most of the observation wells are confined to aquifers and complexes associated with the sub – Quaternary aquifer (Table 9 lists the main water intakes and Table 10 lists the observation wells equipped to monitor the impact on groundwater of these intakes).

Table 11: List of water intakes, observation wells and aquifers (complexes)

Number Regime of regime Water observation observati № intake Code of GWB Aquifer name wells on wells 1 Ostrovy BYPRGW0003 Sozhsci namereny fluvioglacial aquife (fIIszs) 1261, 1262, 4 3265, 245 BYPRGW0004 Water-bearing Dnieper-Sozh water-glacial complex 823, 824, 6 (f,lgIId-sz) 825, 826, 1166, 1827 BYPRGW0009 The Valdai water-bearing terrigenous complex 168 1 (Vvd)

2 Belevic BYPRGW0006 Kharkiv bearing clastic horizon (P3hr) 12 1 hi BYPRGW0008 Zadonsko-eleckiy terrigenous-carbonate horizon 7, 10 2 (D3zd-el)

BYPRGW0008 Terrigenous Starooskol horizon (D2st) 4 1

BYPRGW0009 Redkinsky terrigenous horizon (Vrd) 1, 2, 3 3

3 Lesnoy BYPRGW0002 Pooaerskiy alluvial water-bearing horizon (aIIIpz) 1, 3 2

BYPRGW0006 Lower-middle Pleistocene water-glacial horizon 4 1 (f,lgI-II) BYPRGW0006 Kyiv-Kharkiv terrigenous complex (Pkn-hr) 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 5

4 Luchez BYPRGW0006 Lower-middle Pleistocene water-glacial horizon 3701, 3702, 5 hevichi (f,lgI-II) 3703, 3704, 3705 BYPRGW0006 Aquifer Paleogene and Quaternary terrigenous and 701, 702, 5 water-glacial complex (P+Q) 703, 704, 705

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Number Regime of regime Water observation observati № intake Code of GWB Aquifer name wells on wells

BYPRGW0006 Aquifers Kiev terrigenous horizon(P2kv) 2702, 2703 2

BYPRGW0007 Aquifer of Turonian Campanian terrigenous- 1703 1 carbonate complex (K2t-km)

5 Berezki BYPRGW0006 Kharkiv bearing clastic horizon (P3hr) 12 1

BYPRGW0008 Aquifer zadonsko eleckiy clastic 7, 10 2 horizonкарбонатнгоризонт (D3zd-el)

BYPRGW0008 Terrigenous aquifer Starooskol horizon (D2st) 4, 5 2

BYPRGW0009 Redkinsky terrigenous aquifer horizon (Vrd) 1, 2 2

Total: 46

On the territory of water intakes, observation wells are located in the form of a complex of wells, mainly on different flanks and in the center of the water intake. Regime groundwater observations in the observation wells within the existing water intakes located in the territory of the Pripyat river basin are carried out by the Central hydrogeological party of the branch "Belarusian hydrogeological expedition" of the state enterprise "SPC on Geology". The frequency of measurements of groundwater levels is 3 times a month, the groundwater quality -1 time per year. According to hydrodynamic regime observations, fluctuations in the levels of groundwater aquifers and complexes, lying above the exploited ones, occur depending on the water intake. The calculations of the specific decrease in the observational wells in the Central part of the water intake, the above water intakes show that during the entire period of regime observations water intakes worked under pressure conditions and the steady-state regime of groundwater filtration (in the operation (production) of groundwater level is above the roof),, and further reduction in the levels in the operated aquifer systems with a relatively constant drainage is not predicted. In the most loaded parts of water intakes, the decrease in groundwater levels in the operated aquifers (complexes) varied from 1.62 to 2.14, 6.0 m with acceptable calculated decreases, taken in the assessment of operating groundwater reserves from 55 to 60 m (Table 12).

Table 12: Maximum reduction of groundwater levels in the operated water-bearing complexes at the water intakes of the Pripyat river basin

Maximum level Population Name of water reduction in the Estimated allowable № center intakes the aquifer complex center, м reduction, м 1 Kalinkovichi Lesnoy Pkn-hr 1,62 55

2 Mozyr Luchezhevichi P - Q 3,3 37

3 Minsk Ostrovy f,lglld-sz 6,0 21

4 Soligorsk Belevichi D3fm1 2,14 60

5 Berezki N1br - -

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The value of permissible reduction of water level in the water intake is determined based on the capacity of the aquifer, the amount of groundwater pressure, technical capabilities, provided the prevention or minimization of environmental damage associated with the abstraction of groundwater. The permissible value of the pressure drop in the well, below which the dynamic level should not fall, is as follows: for groundwater, the value of the permissible decrease should not exceed 0.7 of the initial reservoir capacity; for groundwater pressure, the permissible decrease is assumed to be equal to the height of the water column above the roof of the water-bearing reservoir (sometimes it is assumed that the water-bearing reservoir is drained by 1/3 of its capacity). If you exceed the maximum decline in water level may occur as the draining of the reservoir, failure of pumping equipment, etc. In other words, the actual decrease in groundwater levels in the exploited aquifers (complexes) does not exceed the calculated allowable decrease taken in the assessment of operating reserves of groundwater. This indicates the security of water selection within the approved groundwater reserves (approved groundwater reserves - reserves that have passed the state examination and approved in the prescribed manner for the intended purpose, quantity and categories of study for the state balance sheet. Replenishment of the aquifer occurs due to infiltration power (maximum-in the low-water period, during the snowmelt April-June, the same small amount of water falls on January-March) and due to the flow of water from the underlying aquifers). Hydrogeochemical analysis of groundwater monitoring data shows that groundwater in the Pripyat river basin by chemical parameters is generally good and meets the requirements of SanPiN 10-124 RB 99 in the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Exceptions is the increased content of iron, manganese, silicon oxide, color, turbidity, oxidation of permanganate. The content of fluorine was reduced due to the influence of natural factors[8]. In some wells, the increased content of nitrogen compounds is recorded (water intake of Luchezhevichi to 63.6 mg/dm3), which indicates the influence of anthropogenic factors (no tendency to increase in the content) (Table 13). Thus, the formation of the level regime and thegroundwater quality in natural conditions in the Pripyat river basin is the result of a complex process of interaction of various natural and anthropogenic factors. These are, first of all, climatic factors (amount of precipitation, temperature, etc.), geomorphological, geological and hydrogeological features (swampy territory, groundwater dynamics, composition of water-bearing rocks, etc.), as well as anthropogenic factors (reclamation activities, etc.). According to researches of V. I. Pashkevich (1986) in the region the areas of distribution of ultra-fresh ground waters with mineralization less than 100 mg/dm3 are allocated. They are usually confined to the elevated areas of glacial plains and the second floodplain terraces, composed of well-washed quartz sand (between riversStviga and Ubort, Sluch and Ptich, Can and Lan). Fresh waters with mineralization of less than 100 mg/dm3 in sediments of Paleogene-Neogene identified in the watershed areas where the incision overlying complex deposits there are no significant power waterproof depth (the area between the rivers Stviga and Ubort). The waters of the complex are sometimes enriched with manganese (Mn2+). It should also be noted that in this area the feature of groundwater is a very high content of organic substances (up to 100 – 300 mg/dm3), represented mainly by fulvic and humic acids. These waters are characterized by a very high iron content, The Pripyat river basin is located in the area of seasonal spring and autumn nutrition, respectively, these seasons in the annual course of groundwater and pressure water levels are marked by rises, followed by recessions.

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Table 13: The maximum allowable concentration of components in groundwater identified in the process of exploitation of existing water intakes in 2014 – 2017

Content of components exceeding MAC in groundwater in Sources of observation and production wells pollution in the zone Component Unity MAC from to № well of influence Water of water Code of GWB City intake intakes

Gomel oblast

3 BYPRGW0006 Permanganate mg/dm 5,0 6,48 6,48 4 oxidation color grade 20,0 21,00 26,00 1001-э, 1002-э, 1003-э, 1004-э Turbidity mg/dm3 1,5 1,53 1,75 1001-э,

1002-э,

1003-э, 1 K 1

- 1004-э, 1008-э

SiO mg/dm3 10,0 10,70 16,07 1, 4

Lesnoy conditions Naturalhydrogeological Kalinkovichi 2 BYPRGW0006 color grade 20,0 21,00 110,00 10-э, 12-э, 13-э, 14-э, 15-э, 16-э, 18-э, 19-э, 20-э, 21-э, 23-э, 24-э, 29-э, 3-э 3 Turbidity mg/dm 1,5 1,52 4,93 10-э, 12-э,

21-э, 3-э

NO3 mg/dm3 45,0 63,60 63,60 3701

3 SiO2 mg/dm 10,0 12,66 16,90 2703, 3703,

702, 703, 704

Mozyr Luchezhevichi hydrogeological FarmlandNatural conditions Minsk oblast

BYPRGW0008 Total stiffness Mg- 7,0 9,10 9,10 6-э EQ/dmз

Alkalinity Mg- 5,0 5,70 6,20 1002-э, EQ/dmз 1009-э, 2009-э, 25-э, 5-э, 6-э, 8-э color grade 20,0 22,30 22,30 6-э

Turbidity mg/dm3 1,5 1,52 3,77 1009-э, 25-э, 5-э, 6-э, 8-э

3 conditions geological

BYPRGW0006 SiO2 mg/dm 10,0 18,22 18,73 1,12 Belevichi BYPRGW0006 Berezki color grade 20,0 22,10 22,10 1-э Turbidity mg/dm3 1,5 1,80 5,19 1-э, 2-э, 4-э,

5-э

Soligorsk Naturalhydro

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Water Content of components exceeding MAC in groundwater in Sources of Code of GWB City intake observation and production wells pollution in the zone BYPRGW0004 Permanganate mg 5,0 5,60 5,60 2013-э, 3 of oxidation О2/dm 2013-э, influence 2013-э of water Alkalinity Mg- 5,0 6,10 6,10 2013-э intakes EQ/dmз color grade 20,0 21,00 42,00 15-э, 2001-э, 2013-э, 2013-э, 2017-э, 2024-э, 2025-э, 23-э Turbidity mg/dm3 1,5 1,70 5,00 15-э, 2001-э, 2001-э, 2001-э, 2001-э, 2002-э, 2005-э, 2006-э, 2006-э, 2006-э, 2006-э, 2007-э, 2013-э, 2013-э, 2013-э, 2014-э, 2016-э, 2017-э,

2019-э, 2020-э, 2021-э, 2021-э, 2021-э, 2021-э, 2024-э, 2025-э, 2026-э, 2028-э,

2028-э,

2028-э, 2028-э, 22-э,

23-э, 4-э

Minsk Ostrovy conditions Naturalhydrogeological

As a result of the analysis of seasonal changes in groundwater levels, it was found that in 2017 there was a rise in both shallow and pressure water levels. The average increase in groundwater levels within the Pripyat river basin was 0.3 m for shallow water and 0.25 m for pressure water. In disturbed operation conditions, fluctuations in the groundwater levels of aquifers and complexes that lie above the exploited, occur depending on the extraction. The actual reduction of groundwater levels in the operated aquifers (complexes) does not exceed the calculated allowable decreases taken in the assessment of operating groundwater reserves. This indicates the availability of water within the approved groundwater reserves.

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5.5 Local groundwater monitoring in the Pripyat riverbasin

Observation point of groundwater local monitoring - observation well, located above the source of harmful effects on the flow of natural groundwater flow (background well, well) and below the source of harmful effects on the flow of natural groundwater flow (observation well, well). Sampling and measurements of parameters in the observation stations and local groundwater monitoring is carried out in one day. Observation of local monitoring, the object of observation of which is groundwater, with the established periodicity of observations 1 time per year is carried out during the recession of spring flood. The period of observation of the groundwater state is carried out depending on the type / type of source of pollution, the conditions of its placement, etc.For example: the period of observation of the groundwater state after reclamation of solid waste disposal facility is determined by the project for the reclamation of such facility, taking into account its capacity and the level of harmful effects on groundwater. Monitoring of the groundwater state in the area of disposal facilities or disposal facilities of plant care products that have lost their consumer properties and are unsuitable for use, carried out within 10 years after the elimination of such facilities [4]. According to the research, in the basin of the Pripyat river man-made objects typed as follows: mining facilities, communication facilities, deposits of ground water, chemical, oil and petrochemical, agricultural activities, industrial and civil construction (urban), objects of public utility, major highway and railroad, and several others. Total area of the pool p. Pripyat has 42 local groundwater monitoring stations (314 observation wells). Analysis of local groundwater monitoring data shows that the groundwater quality corresponds to the established standards for most of the monitored indicators. Single nonconformities to the standards are recorded at the facilities of local groundwater monitoring for nitrogen compounds, total mineralization, and heavy metals [8].

5.6 Inventory of existing groundwater monitoring sites

To carry out an inventory of existing groundwater monitoring sites, first of all, we considered the existing regime hydrogeological network, which was created to study the regularities of groundwater formation in natural conditions, as well as the assessment of local transformations of the ground hydrosphere in the areas of individual economic facilities. Data on existing sites (points) of groundwater monitoring are presented in Table 14. Systematic monitoring of the groundwater regime in the basin has traditionally been carried out by the geological survey, local housing and utilities organizations, district Executive committees and enterprises that directly use water resources. This Chapter provides general information on the number of observation sites (water intakes (deposits), hydrogeological posts, etc.), observation wells, measuring equipment as the Pripyat river basin as a whole, and selected water bodies in particular. According to the available information, in the Pripyat river basin the total number of wells (operating), where groundwater is monitored (before the inventory), is 501 wells, including 76observation wells at hydrogeological posts; 111 – observation wells at water intakes (deposits); 314 – objects of local groundwater monitoring. Measuring equipment installed on 4 hydrogeological posts (13 monitoring wells). Groundwater levels are measured at 420 observation wells, quality at 429.

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Table 14: Existing groundwater monitoring network in the Pripyat riverbasin

The number of wells in Total number of observation sites (posts) Total number of observation points measuring equipment (automatic level which the observations The name of the point gauge, number of installed) of observation Total Active conserved Total Active conserved are made Number pf posts Number of wells level quality

Hydrogeological post 29 25 4 106 76 30 4 13 76 62 Water intake 44 44 - 374 111 - 0 0 32 94 local monitoring point 42 42 0 314 314 0 0 0 314 314 total 115 111 4 794 501 30 4 13 422 470

BYPRGW0001 Hydrogeological post 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Water intake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local monitoring point 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BYPRGW0002 Hydrogeological post 5 5 - 15 8 7 - - 8 5 Water intake 3 2 0 2 2 0 - - 2 1 local monitoring point 21 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 0 BYPRGW0003 Hydrogeological post 6 4 2 9 6 3 1 1 6 3 Water intake 2 2 - 5 0 0 - - 0 0 local monitoring point 7 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 0 BYPRGW0004 Hydrogeological post 4 3 1 4 3 1 2 2 3 2 Water intake 3 3 - 43 27 0 - - 0 27 local monitoring point 6 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 0 BYPRGW0005 Hydrogeological post 4 4 - 13 7 6 1 1 7 5 Water intake 1 1 - 2 0 0 - - 0 0 local monitoring point 9 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 0

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BYPRGW0006 Hydrogeological post 24 22 2 55 43 12 - - 43 40 Water intake 22 18 124 62 0 - - 24 53 local monitoring point 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 BYPRGW0007 Hydrogeological post 4 4 - 4 4 - - - 4 3 Water intake 9 7 0 45 7 0 - - 0 7 BYPRGW0008 Hydrogeological post 2 2 - 3 2 1 - - 2 1 Water intake 7 3 - 23 8 0 - - 3 5 BYPRGW0009 Hydrogeological post 2 2 - 3 3 - - - 3 3 Water intake 14 10 0 109 3 0 - - 3 2 BYPRGW0010 Hydrogeological post 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Water intake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local monitoring point 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 BYPRGW0011 Hydrogeological post 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Water intake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 local monitoring point 0 0 0 129 0 0 0 0 0 0

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After the inventory of wells in the basin of the Pripyat river, the total number of areas where potentially carried out or can be monitored groundwater is 131 points of observations (sites), of which: 30 – hydrogeological posts; 59 – water intakes (fields); 42 – objects of local groundwater monitoring (Table 15). Table 15: Inventory of sites and measuring equipment on which ground watermonitoring on the Pripyat river basin is potentially carried out or can be carried out

Total number of observation Number of observation Wells with sites (posts, water intakes) points (wells) measuring equipment Total Active Conserve Total Active Conser (automatic level No. of wells whith Separation d ved gauge)) observations of existing monitoring No. of No. of Level quality sites posts wells

1 Hydrogeol 29 25 4 106 76 30 8 12 75 64 ogical post 2 Water 59 37 No data 424 81 No - - 33 94 intake data 3 Local 42 no data No data 314 No No - - No No data monitoring data data data Total 131 63 4 844 157 30 8 12 108 158

There are 844 wells, of which: 106 wells - hydrogeological posts; 424-water intakes (deposits); 314 – points of local groundwater monitoring. Further, the existing and, in particular, potential sites of groundwater monitoring were plotted on the following schematic maps with respect to the selected water bodies.

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5.6.1 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in GWB BYPRGW0001 and BYPRGW0002

Groundwater monitoring of Holocene marsh horizon (ground water body BYPRGW0001) currently and has not previously been conducted.

Figure 3: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0001 Therefore, the implementation of these types of works should be envisaged for the future, because this aquifer has a widespread distribution (the area is 18.521,39 km2) and is an important bio- ecological component of the ecosystems of the Pripyat river basin (Figure 3)

The area of the ground water body BYPRGW0002 is 17.574,94 km2. The total number of sites on which groundwater monitoring is carried out or can be carried out is 29 sites (Figure 4). Among them: 5 – hydrogeological stations (15 observation wells); 3 – water intake (2 wells); 21 – local groundwater monitoring. Groundwater levels are measured in 8 observation wells, quality – 5. Measuring equipment is not available (tab. 16).

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Figure 4: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0002

Table 16: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the water body BYPRGW0002

Total No. of observation sites (posts, water Number of observation points Wells with intakes) (wells) measuring equipment No. of wells Tot Active conserv Total Active Conserv (automatic level whith al ed ed gauge)) observations Separation of Code existing Numb Numb Level quality of monitoring er of er of GWB sites posts wells BYPR Hydrogeologi 5 5 - 15 8 7 - - 8 5 GW000 cal post 2 Water intake 3 2 no data 2 2 No data - - 2 1

Local 21 No No data No No No data - - No No monitoring data data data data data Total 29 7 No data 17 10 7 - - 10 6

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5.6.2 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0003

Figure 5: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0003 The area of the ground water body BYPRGW0003 is 13.421,52 km2 (Figure 5). The total number of sites on which groundwater monitoring is or can be carried out is 15. Among them: 6 wells included in the hydrogeological posts (9 observation wells); 2 – water intake (5 wells); and 7 objects of local groundwater monitoring. Groundwater levels are measured at 6 observation wells, quality at 3. The measuring equipment is installed at 1 hydrogeological post (1 observation well) (Table 17). Table 17: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the ground water body BYPRGW0003

Total number of Measuring The number of observation sites (posts, Number of observation equipment wells in which water intakes) points (wells) (automatic level the gauge, number observations Tot Numb Number Total Active Conserv of installed) are made Separation of al er of of ed Code of existing active conserv No of No of Level qualit GWB monitoring sites d ed posts wells y BYPRGW Hydrogeological 6 4 2 9 6 3 1 1 6 3 0003 post Water intake 2 2 - 5 No No data - - No No data data data Local monitoring 7 No No data No No No data - - No No data data data data data Total 15 6 2 14 6 3 1 1 6 3

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5.6.3 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0004

Figure 6: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0004 The area of GWB BYPRGW0004 is 11.292,18 km2 (Figure 6). Within the boundaries there are 13 sites: 4-hydrogeological posts (4 observation wells) and 1 – the preserved hydrogeological post (1 observation well); 3 – water intake (43 wells); 6 objects of local GW monitoring. GW levels are measured in 3 observation wells, quality in 2 wells, quality in water intakes (fields) is measured in 27 wells (Table 18). The measuring equipment is installed at 2 hydrogeol. posts (2 observation wells. Table 18: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the ground water body BYPRGW0004

Total number of observation sites (posts, Number of observation Measuring water intakes) points (wells) equipment (automatic Wells with To Aactive conserv Total Active Conser level gauge) observations Separation of tal ed ved Code of existing No.of No of Level qualit GWB monitoring sites posts wells y BYPRG Hydrogeological 4 3 1 4 3 1 2 2 3 2 W0004 post Water intake 3 3 - 43 27 No data - - No 27 data Local monitoring 6 No data No data No No data - - No No data data data data Total 13 6 1 47 30 1 2 2 3 29

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5.6.4 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0005

Figure 7: Groundwater Quaternary body BYPRGW0005 The area of the GWB BYPRGW0005 is 4.626,50 km2 (Figure 7).Within the area of water body there are 14 sites, including: 4-hydrogeological posts (13 observation wells); 1 – water intake (2 wells); 9 objects of local GW monitoring. Groundwater levels are measured at 7 observation wells, quality at 5. The measuring equipment is installed at 1 hydrogeological post (1 observation well) (Table 19).

Table 19: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the ground water body BYPRGW0005

Total number of observation Number of observation Measuring sites (posts, water intakes) points (wells) equipment (automatic Wells with Total Aactive conserv Total Active Conser level gauge) observations Separation of ed ved Code of existing No.of No of Level qualit GWB monitoring sites posts wells y BYPRG Hydrogeologica 4 4 - 13 7 6 1 1 7 5 W0005 l post Water intake 1 1 - 2 No No - - No No data data data data Local 9 No data No data No No No - - No No monitoring data data data data data Total 14 5 - 15 7 6 1 1 7 5

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5.6.5 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0006

Figure 8: Ground water pre-Quaternary BODY BYPRGW0006 The area of the ground water body BYPRGW0006 is 45.525,46 km2 (Figure 8). The total number of sites on which is carried out and which are potential for groundwater monitoring within the water body is 63 sites (179 wells), including: 24 – hydrogeological post (55 observation wells); 22 – water intake (124 wells); 17 objects of local groundwater monitoring. Groundwater levels are measured at 66 observation wells, quality at 93 (Table 20). Table 20: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the ground water body BYPRGW0006

Total No of obs. sites Number of observation Measuring (posts, water intakes) points (wells) equipment (automatic Wells with Total Activ conserv Total Active Conserv level gauge observations Separation of ed ed Code of existing No of No of Level qualit GWB monitoring sites posts wells y BYPRGW Hydrogeological 24 22 2 55 43 12 - - 43 40 0006 post Water intake 22 18 No data 124 62 No data - - 24 53 Local monitoring 17 No No data No No No data No - No No data data data data data data Total 63 40 2 179 105 12 - - 67 93

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5.6.6 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0007

Figure 9: Ground water pre-Quaternary bodyBYPRGW0007 The area of the body of water BYPRGW0007 is 4626.50 km 2 (Figure 9). Within the area of the water body is located 13 blocks (49 wells) of which: 4 – hydrogeological post (4 monitoring wells); 9 – intakes (45 wells). Groundwater levels are measured in 4 wells and 10 wells are sampled for hydrogeochemical analysis. Measuring equipment is not installed (Table 21).

Table 21: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the water body BYPRGW0007

Total No of obs. sites Number of observation Measuring (posts, water intakes) points (wells) equipment (automatic level Wells with Total Activ conser Total Active Conserv gauge observations Separation of ved ed Code of existing No of No of Leve qualit GWB monitoring sites posts wells l y BYPRGW Hydrogeological 4 4 - 4 4 - - - 4 3 0007 post Water intake 9 7 No 45 7 No data - - No 7 data data Total 13 11 - 49 11 No data - - 4 10

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5.6.7 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0008

The area of the body of water BYPRGW0008 is 2.435,87 km2 (Figure 10).

Figure 10: Groundwater pre-Quaternary body BYPRGW0008 Within the area of a water body there are 9 sites (26 wells) on which ground watermonitoring is carried out or can be carried out, from them are located: 2 – hydrogeological posts (3 observation wells); 7 – water intakes (23 wells). Groundwater levels are measured at 5 observation wells, quality at 6. Measuring equipment is not installed (Table 22).

Table 22: Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites, as well as measuring equipment in the water body BYPRGW0008

Total number of observation sites (posts, Number of observation Measuring The number water intakes) points (wells) equipment of wells in (automatic level which the Tot Numb Number Tot Activ Conserv gauge, number observations al er of of al e ed of installed) are made active conserv Separation of d ed Numb Numb Lev qualit Code of existing er of er of el y GWB monitoring sites posts wells BYPRGW00 Hydrogeological 2 2 - 3 2 1 - - 2 1 08 post Water intake 7 4 - 23 8 No data - - 3 5

Total 9 6 - 26 10 1 - - 5 6

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5.6.8 Existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites in BYPRGW0009

The area of the ground body of water BYPRGW0009 is 23.656,46 km2 (Figure 11).

Figure 11: Groundwater pre-Quaternary body BYPRGW0009 Within the area of the ground water body consists of 16 sections (112 observation wells), of which: 2 – hydrogeological post (3 observation wells); 14– water intakes (109 wells). Groundwater levels are measured at 6 observation wells, quality at 5. Measuring equipment is not installed Table 23).

Table 23: Inventory of existing groundwater monitoring sites and measuring equipment for ground water body BYPRGW0009

Total number of observation sites (posts, Number of observation Measuring The number water intakes) points (wells) equipment of wells in (automatic level which the Tot Numb Number Tot Activ Conserv gauge, number observations al er of of al e ed of installed) are made active conserv Separation of d ed Numb Numb Lev qualit Code of existing er of er of el y GWB monitoring sites posts wells BYPRGW00 Hydrogeological 2 2 - 3 3 - - - 3 3 09 post Water intake 14 10 No data 109 3 No data - - 3 2

Total 16 12 No data 112 6 - - - 6 5

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5.6.9 Inventory of existing and potential groundwater monitoring sites of ground water bodies BYPRGW0010 and BYPRGW0011

Figure 12: Groundwaterpre-Quaternary body BYPRGW0010 The area of the ground water body of water BYPRGW0010 is 108.16 km2 (Figure 12). In the Pripyat river basin, one ground water body BYPRGW0010, which includes a local source of roundwater pollution (Mikashevichi quarry), is allocated to the aquifer archaea-lower Proterozoic terrigenous complex) Locally allocated ground water body BYPRGW0011-Soligorsk industrial district, which includes three points of observation, its area is 1.407,37 km2 (Figure 13).

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Figure 13: Local ground water body BYPRGW0011 "Soligorsk industrial complex"

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6 PROPOSED REVISED NETWORK OF GW MONITORING – BASIS FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION

In accordance with Article 8 (monitoring of surface water, groundwater and protected areas) of the EU Water Framework Directive (hereinafter – WFD), in order to obtain an interrelated and complete overview of the groundwater status in river basins (including the Pripyat river basin), a programme for groundwater monitoring should be developed. The system of groundwater monitoring of the Republic of Belarus has already been presented in the previous chapters. In this section an attempt will be made (the experience) to bring the existing system of groundwater monitoring to the requirements of the WFD on the example of the Pripyat river basin. It should be noted that for the first time in 2014, the work of such a plan (in the first approximation) in the territory of the Republic of Belarus was carried out for ground waters of the Dnieper river basin, under the guidance of expert Bernard Paukshtis.

6.1 Requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive for groundwater monitoring

According to the requirements of the WFD, as well as Guidance No. 15, the groundwater monitoring program should include the following: a network of quantitative and qualitative (surveillance, operational, preventive and restrictive monitoring, investigative and monitoring of the protection of drinking water zones) monitoring, as well as the frequency of sampling, controlled indicators, etc. The overall objectives of quantitative monitoring are to refine and verify risk assessments, to study long-term trends in water level fluctuations, and to assess salinity or other intrusions caused by groundwater abstraction. To achieve a good spatial distribution of information, the observational points of quantitative monitoring should be dispersed throughout the groundwater body. Groundwater observation posts should be located in the areas of discharge and supply of groundwater bodies, as well as in the places of present and future drainage. Reference (background) groundwater monitoring stations should be located outside the influence of production wells and other human activities. At the same time, the groundwater level should also be measured in the drainage areas in order to monitor the development of depression funnels. To quantify groundwater, it is also recommended to measure: groundwater levels in wells; flow rates of springs; runoff characteristics and/or surface water levels during the dry season; water levels in lakes and wetlands that are highly dependent on groundwater. The frequency of groundwater monitoring is determined by the amount of data needed to determine the risk and status of a water body and, if necessary, to assist in the development and evaluation of a programme of measures. In order to improve the quality of information on the groundwater level regime, it is recommended that automatic data loggers (sensors) be installed at all quantitative monitoring sites because continuous and frequent data recording provides a better understanding of the aquifer's response to various natural phenomena and anthropogenic pressures. Groundwater quality monitoring includes: a network of surveillance, operational, preventive and restrictive monitoring, investigative and monitoring of the protection of drinking water zones.

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The overall objectives of the groundwater surveillance monitoring programme are to verify (validate) risk assessments and to assess significant long – term trends in water quality, both as a result of changes in natural conditions and as a result of anthropogenic activities. In order to achieve better reliability of the assessment results, both the natural differences of aquifers and the anthropogenic pressures to which they are subjected should be taken into account in the design of monitoring programmes. The monitoring network is equipped to supplement and substantiate the characteristics of water bodies and procedures for assessing the risks of the chemical groundwater status; to assess long- term trends in the concentration of pollutants caused by the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors; to justify the need for operational monitoring. The WFD stipulates that surveillance monitoring must be undertaken during each planning cycle (6 years). The appropriate frequency of monitoring depends on the conceptual understanding of groundwater paths and the nature of loads. In sustainable groundwater systems, the monitoring programme may limit itself to two samples per year, while more dynamic systems (e.g. karst aquifers) may require quarterly and more frequent sampling. Specific recommendations in the WFD, neither the frequency nor the frequency of sampling for surveillance monitoring is not provided, so the frequency and the frequency determined in accordance with the order, as appropriate, to assess risks and to obtain information to identify trends. The operational groundwater monitoring programme focuses on the assessment of groundwater bodies associated with the risk category, the identification of any long-term increasing anthropogenic negative trends, resulting in an increase in the concentration of pollutants and requiring the development of a programme of measures and the evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures in the relevant groundwater bodies. Such a programme should be flexible in order to respond in a timely manner to changes within the catchment area. The network of operational groundwater monitoring is designed to determine the status of all groundwater bodies or groups of bodies at risk of not achieving environmental objectives; to determine the presence of significant and stable trends in the growth of concentrations of pollutants, as well as the starting point of reversal of these trends. In accordance with the WFD, the starting point of the reverse trend should be a level not exceeding 75% of the groundwater quality standard established by the current national and/or European groundwater legislation. Operational monitoring is carried out between the periods of surveillance monitoring. Sampling is carried out at least once a year, which should be sufficient to assess the status of bodies associated with the risk group and identify significant negative (increasing) trends in the concentration of any pollutant. If the concentration of the parameter being monitored varies significantly or there is a lack of data on the bodies, more frequent sampling is recommended. The WFD requires monitoring of drinking water protection zones (MDWPZ) to assess the achievement of environmental objectives at groundwater sites that operate on average more than 100 m3/day of water for public consumption. The chemical composition of groundwater, according to Annex II to the WFD, should be analysed for all MDWPZ that are considered significant sources of drinking water from groundwater and are located in groundwater bodies associated with risk categories. Water samples should be taken from all ground drinking water sampling points that are associated with ground water bodies for which there is a risk of diffuse or point contamination. Groundwater samples should be taken at least once during each cycle of the River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) and analysed for all chemical parameters required by the drinking water Directive. Preventive and restrictive monitoring (PRM)is mandatory for potential point sources of groundwater pollution in order to avoid contamination of groundwater bodies and the cost of their restoration. According to the WFD, information on some preventive and restrictive monitoring measures may be

ENI/2016/372-403 77 Final Report Groundwater body delineation and monitoring in Pripyat river basin - Belarus included, which may require additional wells to be equipped above and/or below potential impacts to observe their impact on the entire groundwater body. Investigative monitoring is provided to study a specific case or problem. These are more intensive observations of a specific element of water quality, concentrated on a particular water body or part of it. Investigative monitoring can also serve as an early warning tool, for example, to protect groundwater intakes from accidental pollution. The results of groundwater monitoring programmes are used for the following: assessment of the quantitative and chemical status of all groundwater bodies or groups of bodies; assessment of the direction and flow rate of groundwater in transboundary water bodies; assessment of long-term trends in the concentration of pollutants caused by natural and anthropogenic factors; determination of the chemical status of those groundwater bodies that are associated with the risk group of non-compliance with environmental goals of WFD.; identification of negative trends caused by natural or anthropogenic factors, as well as determination of background concentrations.

6.2 Proposals and recommendations on the optimal regime network of wells and GW monitoring in accordance with the requirements of the EU WFD

6.2.1 Description of the methodology for the analysis of the groundwater monitoring network and proposals for the establishment of new observation points

In order to reliably determine the quantitative and qualitative state of ground water bodies, we used the following methodology:  At the beginning of the work the assessment of geological and hydrogeological factors within the contoured water bodies or groups of water bodies (feeding, unloading, lithology of rocks, etc.) was carried out.

 Further, the analysis of the groundwater monitoring network within each selected water body was carried out. Determined whether there are enough observation points depending on the number of potential pollutants (sources of pollution), as well as the area of the water body. Conducted a risk assessment. We analyzed the long-term cycle of observations, found the places where periodic deterioration of groundwater quality was found.  The paper uses a number of criteria for the creation of new observation points, namely: o each water body must have at least five observation points; o regime network should be sufficient to obtain information about the hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical state of groundwater; o according to the WFD, wells should be located in the Pripyat river basin on all groundwater bodies to obtain a good spatial distribution of information sources about the supply and discharge zones of groundwater; o observation points should be located on the ground in accordance with the hydrodynamic structure of groundwater flows; o in accordance with the main types of hydrodynamic flows of groundwater and typical conditions for the formation of groundwater balance the observation points are placed on all major geomorphological elements: slopes, terraces and riverine areas; o the interaction of groundwater and surface water should be taken into account;

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o mandatory registration of land use information (e.g., human settlements, industry, forest, agricultural use); o taking into account the possibility of transboundary monitoring water bodies; o it is necessary to take into account the conditions of the location of the observation point (accessibility, safety requirements for sampling, the possibility of entrance).  In accordance with the regulatory requirements of the EU WFD, it is proposed to rank groundwater monitoring points, namely: quantitative and qualitative monitoring of groundwater. In turn to quality groundwater monitoring include: surveillance, operational, protection zones of drinking water, prevent& control monitoring and investigative monitoring.  The list of controlled hydrogeochemical components for the above types / types of groundwater monitoring is determined (Table 26 - Table 28).  The time and frequency of observations of qualitative and quantitative indicators are determined (Table 26 - Table 28). With the accumulation of data for the analysis of informativeness, the frequency of measurements can be refined and changed. As a result of the work done, it is proposed to equip 14 new observation points (see Annex 7, table 25).

6.2.2 Current situation on groundwater monitoring

Groundwater monitoring in the Pripyat river basin is carried out on the basis of Instructions on the technology of work on the organization and conduct of observations on the State network of observations of the state of groundwater, as well as Instructions on the procedure for groundwater monitoring of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter – Instructions). According to the above regulations, the frequency of measurements of the level regime is 3 times a month, and hydrochemistry – 1 time per year. The list of controlled hydrogeochemical components includes: hydrogen index, total hardness, total mineralization (dry residue), oxidation of permanganate, Cl-, SO42--, carbonates, bicarbonate ion, nitrates (by NO3 -), Na, K, Ca, Mg, ammonia (by nitrogen), carbon dioxide free (CO2), Fe total, activated silica (by Si), nitrite ion, fluorides (F -). Currently, groundwater monitoring in the Pripyat river basin is carried out: natural regime – 26 hydrogeological posts (76 observation wells); disturbed regime (water intakes) – 37 water intakes (81 observation wells); local monitoring – about 42 sources of local monitoring of groundwater are located. It should be noted that if quantitative monitoring is regularly carried out at almost all observation points, then qualitative monitoring (chemical) due to lack of budget funding is not carried out for all observation wells, for example, in 2016, chemical monitoring was carried out for 57 wells, and in 2018- for 10 wells. Measuring equipment is installed only at 8 observation points (natural mode), which is 12 wells (in other words, from 76 operating wells of natural mode, only 12 wells are equipped with level gauges).

6.2.3 Integration of regime network of wells

It is established that the greatest number of wells, which are or can be monitored groundwater, belong to Quaternary sediments. This is most likely due to the fact that the Geology of Quaternary deposits is heterogeneous and requires a more saturated network of groundwater monitoring. In total, 265 wells are equipped for Quaternary water bodies (active and conserved, water intake and hydrogeological posts), of which only 125 wells are monitored. The Holocene wetland aquifer (BYPRGW0001), which is a good indicator of the impact of groundwater exploitation on surface

ENI/2016/372-403 79 Final Report Groundwater body delineation and monitoring in Pripyat river basin - Belarus aquatic ecosystems, is not covered by monitoring observations (no observation wells), and some wetlands and peatlands have become or will become protected areas for birds in the future, as well as their habitat. That is why it is necessary to drill at least nine monitoring wells here. GW body BYPRGW0002 equipped with 17 wells, only 8 of them are active and belong to the points of observation of the natural regime of groundwater (Table 24). Table 24: Number of observation wells in relation to the water body area

Number of Number of The name and code of the ground Area № 2 observatio operating water body (GWB) GWB, km n wells wells Quaternary deposits 1 BYPRGW0001 Holocene aquifer 18.521,39 0 0

Holocene alluvial aquifer, lace-land 2 BYPRGW0002 17.574,94 17 10 alluvial, lace-land lake-alluvial horizon(s)

Aquifer Sozhski namereny fluvioglacial 3 BYPRGW0003 13.421,52 14 6 horizon Water-bearing Dnieper-Sozh water- 4 BYPRGW0004 11.292,18 47 30 glacial complex Water-bearing Dnieper namereny 5 BYPRGW0005 4.626,50 15 7 fluvioglacial horizon Water-bearing Berezinsky-Dneprovsky 6 BYPRGW0006 water-glacial and Paleogene and 45.525,46 179 105 Neogene complex Total: 265 152 Pre-Quaternary deposits Aquifer chalk carbonate-terrigenous 7 BYPRGW0007 27.423,87 49 11 complex Aquifer of the upper Devonian 8 BYPRGW0008 2.435,87 26 10 terrigenous-carbonate complex Aquifer Pinsk and Vendian terrigenous 9 BYPRGW0009 23.656,46 112 3 complex Aquifer Archean-nizhnetroitskiy 10 BYPRGW0010 terrigenous complex (quarry 108,16 No data No data Mikashevichi) 11 BYPRGW0011 Local ground water body 1.407,37 No data No data Total: 187 24

Water body BYPRGW0003 and BYPRGW0004 equipped with 14 and 47 observation wells, while operating only 6 and 30, respectively. Therefore, if you do not set the coordinates of wells, technical condition, etc., the remaining 9 and 44 wells, it will be necessary for these water bodies to drill wells. Recommendation for GWB BYPRGW0005, BYPRGW0006, BYPRGW0007, BYPRGW0008 presented in the Table 25. 187 observation wells are equipped for pre-Quaternary deposits (active and conserved, water intake and hydrogeological posts), but only 24 wells are monitored. Water body BYPRGW0009 equipped 112 wells, but only 3 is the mode Forwater bodies BYPRGW0010, BYPRGW0011 was established a network of boreholes, carried out monitoring, but needed information is absent. It is proposed to maintain all available monitoring wells and to rotate them every year to ensure the best territorial coverage of the analyzed Quaternary water bodies / objects.

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Table 25 provides preliminary recommendations for the monitoring of groundwater of each water body. The Appendix presents schematic maps, which previously reflect the recommended network of wells with the proposed allocated areas for research on the search, subsequent inventory of wells and their inclusion in the register of observation wells for the state of groundwater in the Pripyat river basin. As mentioned earlier, according to the requirements of the EU WFD, groundwater monitoring should be based on the definition of qualitative and quantitative indicators of groundwater. Table 25: Recommendations for improvement of GW monitoring network of wells of the basin of the river Pripyat

Name and Number of observation wells code of GWB BYPRGW0001 Drilling of 9 new observation wells

8 operating wells in natural mode. There is no information about single, water intake and wells BYPRGW0002 located on local sources of groundwater pollution.

6 operating wells in natural mode. There is no information about single, water intake and wells BYPRGW0003 located on local sources of groundwater pollution. In case of their complete absence it is necessary to drill 1 well. 3 operating wells in natural mode. There is no information about single, water intake and wells BYPRGW0004 located on local sources of groundwater pollution. In case of their complete absence it is necessary to drill 2 wells.

7 operating wells in natural mode. There is no information about single, water intake and wells BYPRGW0005 located on local sources of groundwater pollution.

BYPRGW0006 43 wells in the natural mode and 62 in the disturbed regime. Rotation of at least 25 wells.

BYPRGW0007 11 operating wells. Inventory of observation wells at water intakes

BYPRGW0008 10 operating wells. Inventory of observation wells at water intakes

3 operating wells in natural mode. There is no information about single, water intake and wells BYPRGW0009 located on local sources of groundwater pollution. In case of their complete absence it is necessary to drill 2 wells

The local network of groundwater monitoring is exist Because of the peculiarities of the object, BYPRGW0010 the coordinate information and the passports of the wells is missing The local network of groundwater monitoring is exist It is necessary to collect all available BYPRGW0011 documents for observation wells.

If the existing national groundwater monitoring of the Republic of Belarus is interpreted in accordance with the requirements of the WFD, the following will be obtained: all existing hydrogeological posts (national, background and transboundary ranks), water intakes, according to the current regulatory documents of the country, will be included in the quantitative monitoring of groundwater. In addition, as recommended by the EU WFD, the observation points of quantitative GW monitoring will need to include wells, springs, points for measuring the levels of surface watercourses in the dry period (for example, on the rivers Goryn, Sluch, Ptich, Stviga, etc.), as well as wetlands and lakes, which are significantly dependent on groundwater. According to the WFD, the wells should be located in the Pripyat river basin on all groundwater bodies in order to obtain a good spatial distribution of information sources about the supply and discharge zones of groundwater. Electronic sensors should be installed in stages at all points of observation, but primarily at transboundary hydrogeological posts. .It is proposed to observe the frequency of obtaining data on quantitative monitoring in accordance with the regulatory requirements of the Republic of Belarus (3 times per month), at the same time, to make changes in the frequency of measurements depending on: the goals and objectives set by the

ENI/2016/372-403 81 Final Report Groundwater body delineation and monitoring in Pripyat river basin - Belarus researcher, the characteristics of the device itself. For example: if the observation wells (disturbed mode) are equipped with sensors, the possibility of measuring fluctuations in groundwater levels can be every 12 hours, which will improve the understanding of the state of the water body when exposed to water sampling, possible changes in groundwater quality.

As noted earlier, the qualitative GW monitoring includes surveillance, operational, preventive and restrictive monitoring, investigative and monitoring of the protection of drinking water zones. This report proposes the following quality parameters that reflect the requirements of the WFD and the groundwater Directive:

 General parameters-temperature, hydrogen index (pH), permanganate oxidation, electrical conductivity, total mineralization;

-  Macro and micro components: Ca, Mg, Na, К, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NH4, NO3, NO2, Fe, F ,Si, also As, Cd, Pb, Hg for shallow water ;

 Organic substances - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, trichloroethylene (TE), perchloroethylene (PHE) for shallow water. The more precise choice depends on the sources of groundwater pollution;  Pesticides-the choice depends on local use, land use patterns and their detection in groundwater. Pesticides should be analysed at monitoring points located in agricultural areas and non-agricultural areas, including urban and industrial areas. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene should be analyzed in wells located in urban areas and near industrial facilities. The specific choice depends on local sources of pollution.

Surveillance GW monitoring will include GW local monitoring, as well as GW monitoring, carried out in natural and disturbed conditions. According to the WFD, the frequency of surveillance monitoring should be: once during the planning period of development of the River Basin Management Plan (the Republic of Belarus – every 5 years; the European Union – every 6 years). The frequency of observations, as well as a list of controlled indicators is presented in Table 26.

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Table 26: List of controlled components for GW surveillance monitoring

frequency of frequency of Name of the indicator Name of the № Unit № Unit hydrochemical hydrodinamic to be determined indicator observations. observations.

1 Dryresidue мg/dm3 13,14 SO4, Cl мg/dm3 3 3 2 Permanganateoxidation мgО2/dm 15 Fetotal мg/dm 3 Mineralization мg/dm3 16 SiO2 мg/dm3 4 Na мg/dm3 17 Pb мg/dm3 5 K мg/dm3 18 Cd мg/dm3 6 Ca мg/dm3 19 As мg/dm3 3 times 3 3 1 time per 7 Mg мg/dm 20 Hg,Cu, Cr мg/dm per month year 8 NH4 мg/dm3 21 Pesticides мg/dm3 9 NO2 мg/dm3 22 Organics мg/dm3 10 NO3 мg/dm3 23 Mn мg/dm3 Cs-137 (for According 11 PO4 мg/dm3 24 subsoil water) to SanPiN 3 Sr-90 (for 12 F, В, Ва мg/dm 25 10-124 subsoil water) RB 99

The frequency of hydrogeochemical observations will be every 5 years; hydrodynamics-3 times per month. Operational GW monitoring at this stage include: national, transboundary hydrogeological posts(natural regime), water intakes of large urban agglomerations. The frequency of operational monitoring will be at least 2 times a year, including the main macro and micro components, as well as parameters that cause risk. The frequency of hydrodynamic observations will be: 3 times a month for natural and disturbed regimes. In case of detection of changes in the state of groundwater and for new water intakes (with the installation of automatic sensors), the frequency will be every 12 hours during 3 months. The list of parameters and frequency of observations is presented in Table 27. Table 27: List of controlled parameters for GW operational monitoring

№ GW Physical and chemical parameters Frequency of observations

Dry residue, permanganate oxidation, mineralization, рН, Eh, Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH4, NO2, 1 NO3, PO4, SO4, Cl, SiO2, organoleptic, hardness total 2 F, B, Ba, Fe, As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn …. 1 time a year

3 Pesticides, under risk

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, 4 trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene, under risk 3 times a month. In case of detection of changes in Groundwater level in monitoring and production the state of groundwater and for new water intakes 5 wells, flow rate and level in surface waters and (with the installation of automatic sensors), the streams frequency will be every 12 hours during 3 months

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Monitoring of the protection zones of drinking water (MPZ) will include: intakes with water from the 100 m3/day and hydrogeological stations located in the districts of the State national Park "Pripyatskiy" and the Republican landscape reserve "Middle Pripyat" (Becsky, Mlynarski, Lupinski, Simonski, Simonitschi, Rudny, Snyatinskiy, Turovsky). The list of parameters and frequency of observations is presented in Table 28 According to the requirements of the WFD, preventive and restrictive GW monitoring should be carried out by organizations and enterprises that are engaged in economic activities that can potentially become a source of groundwater pollution. Monitoring is carried out to determine the reduction of groundwater levels, volumes of pollutants discharged, to assess the impact of humanactivities on the environment and to ensure the prevention and control of such pollution. The list of parameters and frequency of observations is presented in table 28.

Table 28: The list of controlled parameters

№ GW Physical and chemical parameters Frequency of observations

Dry residue, permanganate oxidation, mineralization, рН, Eh, Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH4, 1 1 time per year NO2, NO3, PO4, SO4, Cl, SiO2, organoleptic, hardness total F, B, Ba, Fe, As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, 2 1 time per year Mn 3 Pesticides, under risk 1 time per year 3 times a month. In case of detection of changes in the state Groundwater level in monitoring and of groundwater and for new water intakes (with the 4 production wells, flow rate and level in installation of automatic sensors), the frequency will be surface waters and streams every 12 hours during 3 months

Recommendations for this type of groundwater monitoring should be provided at the stage of development EIA (TCP 17.02-08-2012 (02120) Rules for environmental impact assessment and preparation of a report), specifically for each facility, with determination of frequencies of groundwater hydrodynamics measurements and a list of hydrogeochemical indicators. The investigative GW monitoring at this stage will include the following objects: RUE " Belaruskali "(Soligorsk), Mikashevichi (RUE" Granit"), Petrikov burial of pesticides, Mozyr oil refinery. The list of monitored indicators, as well as the frequency of their measurements will depend on the goals, objectives and expected results to be obtained by the researcher.

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6.2.4 Measures to improve groundwater monitoring

Based on the research, analysis and evaluation of the existing groundwater monitoring system and the requirements of the WFD, we conclude that the improvement of groundwater monitoring in the Republic of Belarus in general and the Pripyat river basin in particular should consist in:  Improvement of obtaining primary information from water users;  Improvement of transmission and storage of the received information on the groundwaterstate in one organization and one database (state enterprise "SPC on Geology", on the basis of which the information and analytical center for groundwater monitoring is functioned);  The inventory of single wells with the determination of their coordinates and the registration in the register of observation points of the groundwater;  Equipping observation wells with automatic data recording devices;

 Updating of computer programs (GIS-technologies) with transition and processing of the received information in the raster and vector image. When comparing the existing situation of groundwater monitoring in the Pripyat river basin with the planned, according to some positions of the EU WFD, the frequency of observations changes, some hydrogeochemical indicators are supplemented, the number of observation points increases, all wells are equipped with automatic level gauges (Table 29, Table 30).

Table 29: Existing groundwater monitoring system

Type of The frequency The frequency of Number of active Numberoflevel groundwater ofhydrodynamics hydrochemicalobservati observation well gauges monitoring observations ons Naturalregime (hydrogeologicalposts) National 12 Background 3 times per month 1 time per years 149 Quaternaryand Transboundary pre-Quaternary Disturbed mode - Waterintake 3 times per month 1 time in year

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Table 30: Estimated/proposed groundwater monitoring system

The number Type of GW of wells is Type of monitoring, according to Fre- hydrochemical monitoring acc. to equal to the requirements of Republic of Belarus quency indicators WFD requirements number of level gauges Quantitativegroundwatermonitoring All existing hydrogeological posts (national, background and 3 times per month. In case of transboundary ranks), water intakes, as well as local sources detection of changes in the of groundwater pollution, according to the current legal state of groundwater and for documents of the country. In addition, as recommended by the new water intakes (with the EU WFD, the observation points of quantitative groundwater installation of automatic monitoring will include wells, springs, points for measuring the sensors), the frequency will be levels of surface watercourses(for example, on the rivers every 12 hours during 3 Goryn, Sluch, Ptich, Stviga, etc.), as well as wetlands and months lakes, which are significantly dependent on groundwater Quality groundwater monitoring See Table 26 local groundwater monitoring, as well as 1 time According to Surveillance groundwater monitoring in natural and per year SanPiN 10-124 RB disturbed conditions 99 national, transboundary hydrogeological posts (natural regime), water intakes of large urban agglomerations (disturbed 1 time See Table 27 regime), local sources of groundwater per year According to Operational pollution (at risk) in the presence of or as SanPiN 10-124 RB identified pollutants in groundwater needed 99 according to a specific list of chemical Total 163 components specific to a particular source wells (after of pollution inspection of Intakes with abstraction from the 100 single wells, m3/day and hydrogeology posts located in the number Monitoring of See Table 28 areas of the State national Park of the protection 1 time According to "Pripyatskiy" and the Republican landscape observation zones of per year SanPiN 10-124 RB reserve "Middle Pripyat" (Becsky, wells can drinking water 99 Mlynarski, Lupinski, Simonski, Simonitsch and should Rudny, Sadisticmonkey) increase) it should be carried out by organizations and enterprises that are engaged in economic activities that can potentially become a source of groundwater pollution. Recommendations for this type of groundwater monitoring should be provided Preventive and at the stage of EIA (TCP) development According toTCP 17.02-08- restrictive 17.02-08-2012 (02120) “Rules for 2012 (02120) environmental impact assessment and preparation of the report”), specifically for each object, with determination of frequencies of measurements of groundwater hydrodynamics and a list of hydrogeochemical indicators The frequency of RUE " Belaruskali "(Soligorsk), hydrodynamic and Mikashevichi (RUE" Granite"), Petrikov hydrogeochemical burial of pesticides, Mozyr oil refinery. The measurements will depend on Investigative list of monitored indicators will depend on the goals, objectives and the goals, objectives and expected results expected results to be to be obtained by the researcher obtained by the researcher.

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6.2.5 Groundwater monitoring data management

The data management scheme for GW monitoring in the Republic of Belarus is shown in Figure 14. 1) The main body regulating all issues related to groundwater monitoring is the Ministry of natural resources and environmental protection of the Republic of Belarus (Ministry of natural resources). The main tasks of the Ministry of natural resources are: o preparation and implementation of water legislation. o development of national action plans and programmes for the protection and use of water resources. o regulation and coordination of activities of other Republican bodies of state administration, local Executive and administrative bodies, organizations in the field of environmental safety, protection and rational use of water resources. o coordination of groundwater monitoring and the state water cadastre. 2) The state enterprise "SPC on Geology" is a subordinate organization of the Ministry of natural resources and the main institution for the organization of groundwater monitoring, from sampling to the preparation of analytical information. All monitoring works are carried out by branches of the state enterprise "SPC on Geology»: o branch " Belarusian complex geological exploration expedition” carries out measurements of groundwater levels (3 times per month) and water sampling for chemical analysis (1 per year), in the branch office stores the original (primary) information on groundwater monitoring (data on water levels, mean monthly measurements, data on the chemical composition of the water (macro - and micro-ingredients), passports observation wells. o the branch " Central laboratory "is an accredited organization and carries out chemical analysis of water samples that come from the branch"Belarusian complex geological exploration expedition". o branch "Institute of Geology" is an information and analytical center for groundwater monitoring (IAC MPV), which is part of the National environmental monitoring system in the Republic of Belarus. The branch receives primary data on water quality (1 time per year) and groundwater levels (quarterly) from the branch "Belarusian complex geological exploration expedition" in electronic form in the Excel format. IAC MPV performs the following tasks: collecting data on the ground water state at the observation points; provides processing, storage and analysis of data on quantitative and qualitative indicators of groundwater; maintains an electronic database of observations of the ground water state; conducts a comprehensive assessment of the ground water state and predicts its changes under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors; participates in the preparation of messages, bulletins and other information materials on the ground water state; provides information obtained as a result of groundwater monitoring to the Republican administration bodies, local Executive and administrative bodies, scientific institutions, etc. The branch has developed and constantly updated database on groundwater monitoring in the Access format. 3) The analytical information obtained in the branch of "Institute of Geology" is transmitted 1 time per year in the first quarter of the next year for storage and use in electronic form in format Excel in Main information and analytical centre of the NEMS (it is on the basis of Belhydromet) and the State enterprise "Belarusian state geological centre" (Stategeolfond). 4) Every year at the end of the year analytical information on groundwater monitoring is transmitted to the Ministry of natural resources in print and electronic form. 5) Data on groundwater monitoring are published annually in official publications ("national environmental monitoring system of the Republic of Belarus: results of observations" and "State of the environment of Belarus").

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The obtained information on groundwater monitoring is relevant and is constantly used for:  assessment of the status of groundwater for rational use,  estimates (re-evaluation) of groundwater resources,  educational process in Universities and schools,  performance of research works on hydrogeology,  publications in collections, environmental bulletins,  public administration. However, it should be noted that in addition to the state enterprise "SPC on Geology", information on the ground water state is collected and summarized by other organizations included in the structure of the Ministry of natural resources: the Republican unitary enterprise "Belarusian state geological center" (information on special water use, geological examination, etc.), the state institution "Republican center for analytical control in the field of environmental protection" (information on local groundwater monitoring), RUE " CRICUWR "(maintenance of the State water cadastre), as well as water users (mostly not included in the structure of the Ministry of natural resources). That is why it is proposed to improve the groundwater monitoring in such a way that all organizations that have at least some information relating to groundwater monitoring, passed it in the prescribed manner in the IAC MPV State enterprise "SPC Geology", branch "Institute of Geology". Only after that it will be possible to talk about integrated water resources management not only in the Pripyat river basin, but also in the territory of the Republic of Belarus as a whole.

Figure 14: Organigram of data management

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6.3 Proposed investment needs for groundwater monitoring

6.3.1 List of one-time and fixed investment and operating costs

Based on the analysis and assessment of the structure of groundwater monitoring in the Pripyat river basin, the inventory of wells, analysis of the current state of the existing network of observation points, its information content of available hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical data of groundwater monitoring of the study area, as well as in accordance with the requirements of the EU WFD, Chapter 1 presents preliminary proposals and recommendations for improving the regime network of wells for monitoring groundwater in the Pripyat river basin. According to the above recommendations, it is assumed, if necessary, drilling of new observation points. At placement (drilling) of new points of GW monitoring the following recommendations shall be observed:  Observation points are placed in accordance with the geological and hydrogeological features of the territory, taking into account the geomorphological structure, depth, aquifer capacity, conditions of interaction of aquifers, supply and discharge of groundwater.  The location takes into account: terrain features in relation to accessibility (approaches, approaches to observation points); suitability of observation points for obtaining representative data;

 Well structures and their equipment eliminate the contamination of the investigated aquifer, reliably isolate it from the above - and the underlying horizons and the daily surface. The wellhead is protected by a special cover from unauthorized access to the well and to devices that operate in standalone mode.  The diameter of the casing pipes of wells and filter columns is not less than 127 mm for the possibility of measuring the level, temperature and water sampling with standard equipment, as well as performing repair work in the well. The length of the working part of the filter (in the absence of special conditions) 1.0-2.0 m, the length of the sump-1.0-2.0 m. the head of the well height of 0.7-1.0 m is painted with bright paint, it is applied to the well number

 Inspection of observation points is carried out at least four times a year for wells equipped with devices operating in standalone mode. Inspection of observation points (during the inspection control at the wells equipped with level gauges, readings are taken from the automatic level recording devices)includes: measurements of the depth of occurrence of levels (static, dynamic levels), measurements of the depth of wells, temperature; monitoring the restoration of groundwater levels after pumping the observation well; survey areas within a radius of 1 km from the observation point (for the emergence of new sources of anthropogenic impact); check the status of measuring instruments and equipment and the removal of data from them; assessment of the technical condition of observation points. Assessment of the technical condition of the observation points includes: assessment of the water intake part (filter), the state of the well head.  Water sampling from observation wells is carried out after preliminary pumping, which provides a change of at least two or three volumes of water in the wellbore to clean water. Pumping is carried out by low-flow or electric submersible pumps. Allowed in some cases, pumping by airlift with the use of mobile compressor stations.

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List of one-time investment expenses 1) Drilling costs Metal pipes with a diameter of at least 127 mm are used.The cost of 1 linear meter (including the cost of materials, installation of pipes, etc.) is about 120 USA dollars; the cost of the filter is about 200 USA dollars. 2) Equipment of wells with Autonomous automatic water level and temperature recorders (level gauges) Each observation point (14 wells which will be drilled) needs to be equipped with Autonomous automatic water level and temperature recorders (level gauges). The price of the level gauges is about 1400 USD; To operate the level transmitters, an optical reader (USB) is required, the cost of which is $ 430; For the operation of these gauges in the State enterprise "SPC on Geology" are qualified specialists. Maintenance of these Autonomous automatic level gauges is not required.

List of fixed investment expenses 1) Well maintenance costs; Inspection control. Well maintenance includes repair work (if necessary). Inspection of observation points includes: checking the condition of measuring instruments and equipment; assessment of the technical condition of observation points. Assessment of the technical condition of the observation points includes: observations of the recovery of groundwater level after pumping the observation well; measurements of the depth of wells; assessment of the state of the water intake, the state of the head of the wells.Inspection of observation points is carried out at least four times a year for wells equipped with devices that operate in stand-alone mode. 2) Water sampling from observation wells is carried out after preliminary pumping, which provides a change of at least two or three volumes of water in the wellbore to clean water. Pumping is carried out by manual or electromechanical pumps. Water quality parameters should be measured in the field after well pumping and before sampling. Field parameters are pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids (mineralization). For water quality control devices are used conductometers. The cost of maintenance and inspection control (with pumping and sampling) for one well will be about 30*$, including: inspection: 5$ x 4 times a year = 20$; pumping and sampling - $10. Note: * - the calculation is approximate, the cost may vary. 3) Monitoring costs (physical and chemical analysis, level measurements) depending on the frequency of observations New monitoring points expected to conduct the observation of groundwater monitoring, which includes observation of the chemistry (quality monitoring) with a frequency of 1 times in 5 years of observations of the hydrodynamics (quantitative monitoring) with a frequency of every 6-12 hours. The list of controlled components for monitoring groundwater is presented in Table 26. The costs of conducting observation monitoring of the underground will be: o quality monitoring of about 50 * $ x 9 samples = $ 450-1 every 5 years;

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Note: * - costs indicate the cost of the main components (excluding trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene) of quality monitoring. Costs can vary. - quantitative monitoring - in the presence of devices of automatic water level and temperature recorders (level meters) costs are minimized – readings from the devices will be removed during the inspection control and maintenance of wells.

6.3.2 Summary of one-time costs (well drilling, installation of level gauges)

Proposals for the development of groundwater monitoring network within the boundaries of water bodies. 1) Drilling of new observation points a. BYPRGW0001 – points of observation are absent. It is proposed to drill 9 new observation wells. b. BYPRGW0003 -drilling of 1 new observation well is proposed. c. BYPRGW0004 - drilling of 2 new observation wells is proposed. d. BYPRGW0009 - drilling of 2 new observation wells is proposed. The total cost of drilling observation wells is presented in Table 31. Table 31: Total cost of drilling observation wells

Name and code of the Observation Depth of observation The total cost Filter cost, $ groundwater body point point, m of drilling $ 1 10 200 1200 2 10 200 1200 3 10 200 1200 BYPRGW0001 4 12 200 1440

5 12 200 1440

6 12 200 1440 7 15 200 1800 8 15 200 1800 9 15 200 1800 BYPRGW0003 1 20 200 2400 1 40 200 4800 BYPRGW0004 2 45 200 5400 BYPRGW0009 1 70 200 8400 2 80 200 9600

Total : 2.800 43.920 Total costs: 46.720

2) Equipment of new observation points with Autonomous automatic water level and temperature recorders (level gauges). - The price of the level gauges is about 1400 USD; - For the operation of the level gauges, an optical reader (USB) is required, the cost of which is $ 430; The total cost of 14 Autonomous automatic water level and temperature recorders (level meters) will be: 1400 x 14 = $19 600 Summary information on one-time costs (drilling, installation of level gauges) for ground water bodies is presented in Table 32.

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Table 32: Groundwater bodies and their investment costs

Total number of Number The cost of level Total cost of Drilling cost, GWB existing monitoring of new gauges, investments, thousand $ wells wells thousand $ thousand $ BYPRGW0001 0 9 15.120 12.600 27.720 BYPRGW0002 8 0 - - - BYPRGW0003 4 1 2.600 1.400 4.000 BYPRGW0004 3 2 10.600 2.800 13.400 BYPRGW0005 5 0 - - - BYPRGW0006 105 0 - - - BYPRGW0007 11 0 - - - BYPRGW0008 10 0 - - - BYPRGW0009 3 2 18.400 2.800 21.200 BYPRGW0010 4 0 - - - BYPRGW0011 н.с. н.с. - - - Total: 46.720 19.600 66.320

6.3.3 Summary of fixed costs (inspection, sampling, chemical analyses)

Information is provided on the constant costs of monitoring at observation points, if groundwater monitoring will be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the WFD. A summary of the fixed costs of monitoring at the observation points (inspection, sampling, chemical analyses) is presented in the Table 33 - Table 34. Table 33: General information on the fixed costs of observation monitoring at observation points

Pumping and Chemical total number of Annual cost of sampling ($10 analysis (50*$ GWB monitoring wells inspections (5$ x Total cost x 1 every 5 x 1 every 5 (existing and new) 4 times a year) years) years) BYPRGW0001 9 180 90 450 720 BYPRGW0002 8 160 80 400 640 BYPRGW0003 5 100 50 250 400 BYPRGW0004 5 100 50 250 400 BYPRGW0005 5 100 50 250 400 BYPRGW0006 105 (rotation 25) 2100 (500) 1050 (250) 5250 (1250) 8400 (2000) BYPRGW0007 11 220 110 550 880 BYPRGW0008 10 200 100 500 800 BYPRGW0009 5 100 50 250 400 Note: * - expenses include the cost of the main components (excluding pesticides) of quality monitoring (according to Table 3). Costs can vary. The cost of determining the complex of pollutants, consisting of 23 organochlorine pesticides, is about $ 80. Table 34: General information on fixed costs of operational monitoring at observation points

Pumping and Chemical total number of Annual cost of sampling (10$ analysis (70*$ GWB monitoring wells inspections (5$ x Total cost x 2 times a x 2 times a (existing and new) 4 times a year) year) year) BYPRGW0001 9 180 180 1260 1620 BYPRGW0002 7 140 140 980 1260 BYPRGW0003 5 100 100 700 900 BYPRGW0004 5 100 100 700 900 BYPRGW0005 5 100 100 700 900 BYPRGW0006 17640 98 (rotation 25) 1960 (500) 1960 (500) 13720 (3500) (4500) BYPRGW0007 11 220 220 1540 1980 BYPRGW0008 10 200 200 1400 1800 BYPRGW0009 5 100 100 700 900

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Note: * - expenses include the cost of the main components (excluding pesticides) of quality monitoring (according to Table 4). Costs can vary. The cost of determining the complex pollutant, consisting of 23 organochlorine pesticides, is about $80. Costs for water bodies BYPRGW0010and BYPRGW0011 are not included in the calculations due to the specifics of the bodies - the main load for these bodies is represented by points of observations of local monitoring, for which we currently have no information.

6.4 Technical characteristics of investment needs

6.4.1 Monitoring network equipment

Data on the groundwater state (level regime, quality of groundwater) are the basis for assessing the resource potential of groundwater in the Republic of Belarus; study of regional patterns of groundwater in order to timely detection of anthropogenic impacts on groundwater; conservation areas of biosphere reserves, reserves, wetlands; compliance with international memorandums of cooperation in the field of protection of groundwater from pollution and depletion. To improve the efficiency and reliability of the initial information obtained at the points of observations of the groundwater state necessary retrofitting technical (instrument) base for groundwater monitoring.  Automatic water level and temperature recorder o Price – about$1,400 o Quantity - 10 units Technical parameters:

Measuring range 100-200 m Resolution 24 Bit Temperature range From 0º to 50ºC Temperature sensor Accuracy: ± 0,05ºC Temperature sensor Resoluton 0,003ºC Memory Before filling or rewritable Corrosion resistance: Titanium coating Measuringspan: From 1/8 secto 99 hours

 Optical reader (USB) (for level gauge operation) o Price-about 430$ o Quantity - 2 units

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6.4.2 Sampling equipment

 Borehole pump for pumping before water sampling o Price–about$750 o Quantity - 1 unit Technicalparameters

Pumptype borehole Power (kW) 750-1150 Voltage 220V Capacity (m3 / h) 1.7-2.5 Installationmethod submersible Max. submersion depth under the 100-150 water table (m) Principle of operation multistage Bodymaterial Stainlesssteel

 Gasoline generator o Price - about 3000 $ o Quantity - 1 unit Technicalparameters

Power (kW) 2.5 Voltage 230 V Type of fuel gasoline Startingsystem Manualstarter Number of phases 1 Tank capacity (l) 5,0-8.5 Continuous operation time (h) 5

6.4.3 Field measurement equipment

 Conductivity meter pocket o Price - about $ o Quantity - 2 units Technical parameters:

Range 4000 мкСм/см 2000 мg/ dm3 0,0...60 °C Resolution 1 мкСм/см 1 мg/ dm3 0,1 °C Error ±2% Calibration automatic 1 point Temperaturecoefficient 0,0...2,4 %/°С

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 Professional portable EC/TDS / conductivity meter o Price - about $300 o Quantity - 2 units Technicalparameters:

0,00...199,9ppm/0,00...100 мк См/см 1 Measuring range 0,00...1999ppt/0,00...1000мС м/см 0,01/0,1/1мкСм/ppm 2 Resolution 0,01/0,1мСм/ppt Resolution: 0.1℃ Accuracy: ±0.5℃ Automatic temperature compensation (PBX): -9.9°C- Temperature 120°C 3 measurement Operating temperature: 0°C- accuracy 50°C EC meter calibration: 1 point automatic Power: 1.5 V

 The level gauge of electric contact systems (cable) o Price - about $750 o Quantity - 2 units Technical parameters:

Measuringrange 0-300 м Cable Coaxial Cablemarkingtechnology laser Labelinterval 1 мм Sensor Stainlesssteel Breakingload 86 кg Operatingtemperature -30…+60 ℃ Package including: hand coil, probe P1 or P2, cable with laser marking, guide device

 Hydrological roulette -Temperature, level and conductivity (salinity) of water o Price-about $2050 o Number– 1 unit Technical parameters:

Levelmeasurementrange 0-300 м Temperaturemeasuringrange -15…+50 ℃ Temperaturemeasurementaccuracy 0,5 ℃ The measuring range of conductivity 0 - 80000 мкм/см The accuracy of the conductivity 2% or 30 мкм/см measurement Tapemarkingtechnology Lasermarking Tapebreakingload 100 кg Operatingtemperature -15…+50 ℃ Package including: hand coil, multi-function probe, PVDF tape with laser marking, guide device

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6.4.4 Summary of required equipment

Table 35: Total cost of additional equipment

№ Equipmentname Number of units Cost per unit, $ Total cost, $

Automatic water level and 1 14 1400 19600 temperature recorder Optical reader (USB) (for 2 2 430 860 operation level gauge) The level gauge of electric 3 2 750 1500 contact systems (cable) 4 Conductivity meter pocket 2 250 500 5 Hydrologicalroulette 1 2050 2050 6 Borehole pump 1 750 750 7 Gasolinegenerator 1 3000 3000 Professional portable EC/TDS / 8 2 300 600 Conductivity meter TOTAL: 28860

Table 36: Ranking of additional equipment

What equipment is № rank the equipment Equipmentname needed 1 most important, Automatic water level and for reliability and temperature recorder efficiency of the received initial information on Optica lreader (USB) levels and temperature of ground waters Conductivity meter pocket for conductivity and salinity control, compact and accurate instrument

2 important Boreholepump for pumping wells before collecting water samples Gasolinegenerator

The level gauge of electric for accurate measurement contact borehole of water level in wells, reliability and ease of use

3 Good to have Professional portable to measure the EC/TDS / Conductivity conductivity, the amount meter of salts and temperature, heavy-duty portable instrument

Hydrological roulette For measuring temperature, water level and water conductivity, convenient control and measuring

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6.5 Uncertainties, issues and gaps of data/information

 To equip observation wells (including local pollution sources), which will be included in the regime network of groundwater monitoring in the Pripyat river basin with automatic level gauges;  Determine the list of wells, springs, which will be points of observation of the groundwater state. Perform their coordinate reference, as well as hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical testing. Add the "Springs" and "Wells" to the database. Develop formats and make the necessary information about the groundwater state;

 To restore and to contribute to the database "Ground waters of the Republic of Belarus" the missing information about the single wells, the wells located on the territory of local sources of pollution of ground waters, limits of water intakes. Only after that it will be possible to talk about their sufficiency / insufficiency and the need to drill additional (new) wells for ground water bodies BYPRGW0003– BYPRGW0009;  Determine the list of single wells, which will be points of observation of the groundwater state. Perform their coordinate reference, hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical testing. In the database to add the "Single well". Develop formats and make the necessary information about the groundwater state.

 Gradually the entire geological-hydrogeological, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical, coordinate, etc. information about the ground waters of the Pripyat river basin to translate/convert to geographic information system;  To develop a joint transboundary groundwater monitoring program for the territories of the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine with the aim of integrated joint management of transboundary water resources (this item can be implemented jointly with the Ukrainian side in the future as a pilot project);  To provide for the possibility of developing a regulatory document that would allow the legislative improvement of groundwater monitoring in such a way that all organizations that have at least some information relating to groundwater monitoring, transmit this information in the prescribed manner to the information and analytical center of ground water monitoring (IAC MPV) of the state enterprise "SPC on Geology" , branch "Institute of Geology". After that, it will be necessary to conduct an inventory of wells again and only then talk about integrated water resources management not only in the Pripyat river basin, but also in the territory of the Republic of Belarus as a whole.  To provide for the implementation of pilot projects, which will focus on obtaining additional hydrodynamic and geochemical information, with an emphasis on the transboundary dimension, including single wells and points of local groundwater monitoring.

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7 CONCLUSIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

7.1 Conclusions

As a result of the set goal and solved tasks, for the first time performed:

 The criteria according to which the ground water bodies of the Pripyat river basin wereselected These include: geological and hydrogeological factors, groundwater abstraction more than 10 m3 / day, the presence of anthropogenic loads (typification of objects (loads) by the nature of the impact on groundwater), the relationship of water bodies with terrestrial ecosystems;  On the basis of the selected criteria, ground water bodies of the Pripyat river basin are delimited. Only 11 selected ground water bodies, including Quaternary deposits (BYPRGW0001–BYPRGW0005); pre-Quaternary deposits (BYPRGW0006–BYPRGW0010) and one local ground water body BYPRGW0011 (Soligorsk industrial district);  Each ground water body is characterized (according to the requirements of the technical specifications and the proposed forms), which contained information on: the area of distribution and power of the ground water body, geological and hydrogeological, hydrodynamic, hydrogeochemical and lithological, conditions, transboundary, communication with terrestrial ecosystems, etc.;  The analysis of the current situation of water legislation in terms of groundwater monitoring. A detailed description of the national groundwater monitoring in natural, disturbed conditions and local sources of groundwater pollution in the Pripyat river basin is presented, both in General and for each water body in particular;  An inventory of existing groundwater monitoring sites has been carried out. First of all, the existing regime hydrogeological network of wells was considered, which was created to assess the state of groundwater in natural, disturbed conditions, as well as on local sources of groundwater pollution. In the second – the available information on the single wells belonging to economic entities and which can be potential points of observations of the state of ground waters was generalized;  Based on the requirements of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union and in accordance with the Water legislation of the Republic of Belarus, proposals and recommendations were developed on: integration of the regime network of wells; frequency of observations of the level regime and groundwater quality; list of hydrogeochemical indicators of groundwater; data management;  Recommendations on groundwater monitoring of each water body, which relate to additional work on the inventory of existing wells and drilling of new ones, are given. Selected areas (territories) were defined to search for wells, which can later be included in the register of observation wells;  On the basis of the analysis of the existing legal documents of the Republic of Belarus, the European Union and its own experience, presented "Guidelines for the groundwater sampling”, adapted to the situation in the Republic of Belarus;  The list of maps-schemes of distribution of ground water bodies, scale 1:500 000 with applied regime network of groundwater monitoring, as well as an overview of prepared GIS layers and data sets is presented;

 According to the requirements of the terms of reference, after each block of studies presented problematic issues encountered in the course of solving the tasks and which were a kind of "lessons learned" and a plan for follow-up.

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7.2 Lessons learned

As a result of detailed collection, analysis and generalization of the available data, analytical, field material on geological, hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical, hydrodynamic, etc. conditions of the research area, a number (list) of issues have been identified, the solution of which will contribute to the development and harmonization of the groundwater monitoring system not only in the Pripyat river basin, but also in the country's groundwater monitoring system as a whole. To do this, first of all, it is necessary:  To equip observation wells (including local pollution sources), which will be included in the regime network of groundwatermonitoring in the Pripyat river basin, with automatic level gauges;  Determine the list of wells, springs,which will be points of observation of the groundwater state. Perform their coordinate reference, as well as hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical testing. Add the "Springs" and "Wells" to the database. Develop formats and make the necessary information about the groundwaterstate;  To restore and to contribute to the database "Ground waters of the Republic of Belarus" the missing information about the single wells, the wells located on the territory of local sources of pollution of ground waters, limits of water intakes. Only after that it will be possible to talk about their sufficiency / insufficiency and the need to drill additional (new) wells for water bodies BYPRGW0003– BYPRGW0009;  Integrated assessment of groundwater bodies and associated surface water or terrestrial ecosystems, which was not possible at this stage due to lack of or unavailability of information;  Specify information on land use within the boundaries of the water body as a percentage ( % ): 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports); 2 Agricultural land; 3. Forests and semi- natural areas (pastures, meadows); 4.Wetlands; 5.Reservoirs.

 Determine the list of single wells, which will be points of observation of the groundwater state. Perform their coordinate reference, hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical testing. In the database to add the data "Single well". Develop formats and make the necessary information about the groundwaterstate;  Gradually the entire geological-hydrogeological, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical, coordinate, etc. information about the ground waters of the Pripyat river basin to translate/convert to geographic information system;  To develop a joint transboundary groundwater monitoring program for the territories of the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine with the aim of integrated joint management of transboundary water resources (this item can be implemented jointly with the Ukrainian side in the future as a pilot project);

 To provide for the possibility of developing a regulatory document that would allow the legislative improvement of groundwater monitoring in such a way that all organizations that have at least some information relating to groundwater monitoring, transmit this information in the prescribed manner to the information and analytical center of ground water monitoring (IAC MPV) of the state enterprise "SPC on Geology" ,branch "Institute of Geology". After that, it will be necessary to conduct an inventory of wells again and only then talk about integrated water resources management not only in the Pripyat river basin, but also in the territory of the Republic of Belarus as a whole.

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8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Bachurin V. I., Fadeeva M. V., Cernan. R., Ershov-Mazurov. E., Kurylo, K. A., Kononova. A., Sidorovich. P., Kovaleva. I. Mikhaleva, T. A., and others. to Assess the compliance of the groundwater monitoring system with modern requirements and to develop recommendations for its improvement. Minsk, Belnigri, 1998. 2) Hydrogeology of the USSR. Volume II. Belarusian SSR / edited by G. V. Bogomolov. - Moscow: Nedra, 1970. - 396 p. 3) State water cadastre. Water resources, their use and water quality (for 2016). Meganewton., Ministry Of Natural Resources Of The Republic Of Belarus, Ministry Of Health Of The Republic Of Belarus, 2017. 4) "INSTRUCTION on the procedure for local monitoring of the environment by legal entities engaged in economic and other activities that have a harmful effect on the environment, including environmentally hazardous activities." Approved by the Decree of the Ministry of natural resources and environmental protection of the Republic of Belarus 01.02.2007 № 9 (as amended by the decree of the Ministry of natural resources and environmental protection of the Republic of Belarus 11.01.2017 № 4). 5) Korobeynikov, B. I., Kononova, T. A. the report on the 468/2000 object to Assess the current impact on the underground water of the Pripyat artesian basin and to give a forecast of its changes. Minsk, Belnigri, 2003. 6) Peddlers.I., Kononovich.A., Fadeeva M. V. I. to Assess the current anthropogenic impact on underground water of the Pripyat artesian basin and to predict its changes. Minsk, Belnigri, 2003. 7) smoking room.A., Berezko.To Ensure the functioning of the system of collection, processing, analysis and presentation of groundwater monitoring in the information and analytical center (IAC) with the use of automated information systems. Minsk, Belnigri, 2009. 8) National environmental monitoring system of the Republic of Belarus: results of observations, 2015 / edited by M. Eresko [Electronic resource]. Electron. text, count. data. (55,5 MB) – Minsk, "Bel src "Ecology". - 2016. 9) Monitoring of geological, lithotechnical and ecological-geological systems. Textbook / V. A. Korolev; under the editorship of Professor V. T. Trofimov – Moscow: KDU, 2007. - 416 p. 10) Minerals of Belarus: to the 75th anniversary of Belnigri / Redkol.: P. Z. Khomich et al. - Mn.: Edukacyjne, 2002. - 528 p. 11) Explanatory note to a series of hydrogeological maps of the territory of Belarus scale 1: 500 000 (state enterprise "Belnigri") - Mn.: "Smalto", 2010. - 162 p. 12) Principles of placing a network of hydrogeological observation posts in natural and disturbed conditions. (Methodical recommendations) / N. P. Lushnikov Moscow, "Nedra", 1974 – p. 88 13) Management of the transboundary basin of the Dnieper river: sub-basin of the Pripyat river: monograph of A. G. Obodovsky, A. p. Stankevich, S. A. Afanasiev. - K.: Department, 2012. - 448 p. 14) Fadeeva M. V., A. Y. Stachowska Report object 14329680044 to assess the anthropogenic impact on the hydrogeological conditions of the territory of Belarus to justify the need to establish groundwater monitoring in the area between the Moscow, Dnieper-Donets, Baltic, and Warsaw-Lublin artesian basin. Minsk, Belnigri, 19905. 15) Shimanovich.M., Avkhimovich.N... Kononova T. and others "development of the legend to the state hydrogeological maps". 16) https://docplayer.ru/68921014-Gosudarstvennyy-vodnyy-kadastr-vodnye-resursy-ih- ispolzovanie-i-kachestvo-vod-za-2016-god-izdanie-oficialnoe.html; 17) http://kodeksy-by.com/vodnyj_kodeks_rb.htm

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ANNEXES

Annex 1: List of all groundwater bodies in the Pripyat river basin

Quantit Quality Predominant ative № Code of GWB Name of GWB Area (км²) monitori type of aquifer monitori ng ng pore 1 BYPRGW0001 Holocene aquifer (bIV) 18521,39 - - groundwater Holocene alluvial aquifer, lace-land alluvial, lace-land pore 2 BYPRGW0002 17574,94 10 6 lake-alluvial horizon(s) groundwater (aIV,aIIIpz,laIIIpz) aquifer sozhsci namereny pore 3 BYPRGW0003 s 13421,52 4 3 fluvioglacial horizon (fIIsz ) groundwater water-bearing Dnieper-Sozh pore 4 BYPRGW0004 water-glacial complex (f,lgIId- 11292,18 3 29 groundwater sz) water-bearing Dnieper pore 5 BYPRGW0005 namereny fluvioglacial horizon 4626,50 5 4 s groundwater (fIId ) aquifer Berezina-Dnieper water-ice and Paleogene and pore 6 BYPRGW0006 45525,46 66 93 Neogene complex (f,lgIbr-IId + groundwater (P+N) водоносный меловой карбонатно-терригенный Pore or или 7 BYPRGW0007 горизонт Cretaceous 27423,87 pore- fractured 4 10 carbonate-terrigenous (aquifer groundwater K) aquifer of the upper Devonian fractured 8 BYPRGW0008 terrigenous-carbonate complex 2435,87 5 6 groundwater (D) aquifer Pinsk and Vendian fractured 9 BYPRGW0009 23656,46 6 5 terrigenous complex (V+R2pn) groundwater aquifers of Archean-lower Proterozoic terrigenous fractured 10 BYPRGW0010 108,16 4 4 complex (quarry Mikashevichi) groundwater (AR-PR1) Local ground water body pore 11 BYPRGW0011 (Soligorsk industrial district) 1407,37 10 17 groundwater (shallow water, N1br, D)

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Annex 2: Characteristics of groundwater bodies

Groundwater body BYPRGW0001

Parameter Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW01 2 The name of groundwater body Holocene aquifer 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 18521,39 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, 4 0,5-7,0; 1,0-2,0 groundwater body medium [m] 5 Groundwater body type shallow 6 Individual groundwater body or group Group of GW subbodies [yes/no, 7 Transboundary nature Yes, Ukraine, country] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 1 Min–Max, 0,0-3,5; 9 Depth to groundwater level medium [m] 1,5-2,0 Average annual change in 10 medium [m] 0,5-1,5 groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) pore groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) free-flow Aquifer-Petrography, lithological peat with layers of calcareous material, 13 description vivianite, marsh ores or clay rocks 14 Aquifer – a Geological age quaternary Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations hydrocarbonate-sulfate-calcium and sodium- 15 and anions) calcium, sulfate-bicarbonate-sodium-calcium 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography - 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] - 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] no Overlying impermeable layers – the 19 [%] - Average area

Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, -7 -5 20 1,15х10 – 4,6х10 Filtration coefficient medium [m/s]

Min–Max, -7 -4 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) 1,15х10 – 1,6х10 medium [m²/s] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites no Number of quantitative monitoring 24 no sites 25 Number of water intake wells - 26 Purpose of water intake - The annual volume of groundwater 27 [m³/a] - abstraction 28 Water replenishment precipitation/infiltration from surface waters

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Parameter Unit Value Min–Max, 621,3 – 777,0 29 The annual rainfall medium [mm] 678,86 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] yes, rivers, lakes 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] yes, wetland 32 Groundwater level dynamics No information 33 The prevailing anthropogenic pressure drainage reclamation 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 34 Land-use [%] 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information Chemical composition (status) of 35 No information groundwater body The quantitative composition (status) 36 No information the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information high Chemical trends in the groundwater 38 No information bodies

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0002

Parameter Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW02 2 The name of groundwater body Holocene alluvial aquifer, lace-land alluvial, lace-land lake-alluvial horizon(s) 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 17574,94 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, 3,0-30,0; groundwater body medium [m] 15,0-20,0 5 Groundwater body type shallow 6 Individual groundwater body or group Single body 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, Yes, Ukraine country] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 3 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, 0,0-10; medium [m] 1,5-3,0 10 Average annual change in medium [m] 0,5-0,9 groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) pore groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) Free-flow 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological Sands are grainy, sand-gravel deposits, sandy description loam, loam, silt 14 Aquifer – a Geological age quaternary 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations bicarbonate-calcium and anions) 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography - 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] - 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] no 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] - Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, 5,8х10-10 – 1,2х10-5 Filtration coefficient medium [m/s] 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, 2,2х10-5 – 3,3х10-4 medium [m²/s] 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 5 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 6 sites 25 Number of water intake wells no 26 Purpose of water intake non-centralized water supply (колодцы) 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/a] No information abstraction 28 Water replenishment precipitation / flow of pressure water of underlying aquifers and complexes in river valleys 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, 451,6 – 771,1;

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Parameter Unit Value medium [mm] 619,73 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] Yes, the valley of the Pripyat river (middle reaches) and its large tributaries (PP. Yaselda, Bobrik, Vit Skrypytsia Demark) 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] no 32 Groundwater level dynamics Level up 33 The prevailing anthropogenic Water intakes-18 water intakes for centralized pressure water supply; Household objects 19 objects, including: sludge (2 facilities), municipal solid waste (12 items), treatment facilities (2 facilities), sludge beds (1), open pit, tailings pond (1), the dump of technological waste (1 object). Agricultural objects-agricultural fields, industrial livestock complexes, etc. (the largest object – agricultural fields of irrigation of the agricultural enterprise "state Farm-combine "Zarya" (n. p. Gurina). 34 Land-use [%] 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information 35 Chemical composition (status) of good groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) good the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information high 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater Fe total (natural origin) bodies

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0003

Parameter Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW03 2 The name of groundwater body aquifer sogsci namereny fluvioglacial horizon 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 13421,52 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, 2,0 – 15,0; groundwater body medium [m] 2,8 – 7,0 5 Groundwater body type shallow 6 Individual groundwater body or group Group of 2 subbodies 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, no country] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 3 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, 2,0-8,0; medium [m] 4,0-7,5 10 Average annual change in medium [m] 0,4-0,7 groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) поровые подземные воды 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) Free-flow 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological various-grained Sands, sand and gravel description deposits 14 Aquifer – a Geological age quaternary 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations bicarbonate magnesium-calcium or sodium- and anions) calcium 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography various-grained Sands 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] No information 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] no 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] no Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, 5,8 х10-10 – 1,2х10-5 Filtration coefficient medium[m/s] 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, 2,3х10-5 – 5,6х10-5 medium [m²/s] 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 2 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 4 sites 25 Number of water intake wells No information 26 Purpose of water intake non-centralized water supply (single wells, wells) 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/a] No information abstraction 28 Water replenishment precipitation / inflow (discharge)of pressure waters of underlying aquifers and complexes 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, 666,8 – 706,0 medium [mm] 691,9

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Parameter Unit Value 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] no 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] no 32 Groundwater level dynamics no trend 33 The prevailing anthropogenic 17 intakes water intakes for public water pressure supply; Municipal facilities-5 municipal solid waste landfills; Agricultural objects: application of mineral or organic fertilizers on the area of all agricultural lands 34 Land-use [%] 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information 35 Chemical composition (status) of good groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) good the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information good 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater Fe total oxidation permanent (of natural origin bodies ))

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0004

Parameter Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW04 2 The name of groundwater body water-bearing Dnieper-Sozh water-glacial complex 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 11292,18 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, 15,0– 45,0; groundwater body medium [m] 15,0 – 25,0 5 Groundwater body type deep 6 Individual groundwater body or group 2 subbodies 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, no страна] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 1 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, depth of piezometric level: +12,0-65,0; medium [m] average: 10,0-15,0 10 Average annual change in medium [m] 1,5 – 6,0 groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) pore groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) pressure 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological Sands are grainy with interlayers of sand and description gravel deposits, sandy loam, loam, clay 14 Aquifer – a Geological age quaternary 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations bicarbonate magnesium-calcium and and anions) bicarbonate calcium 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography Sands are grainy, sand-gravel deposits with layers of sandy loam and loam 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] 10,0 – 25,0 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] yes 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] No information Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, 1,2х10-7 – 9,0х10-4 Filtration coefficient [medium m/s] 1,2х10-5 – 3,5х10-4 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, 1,2х10-3 – 3,5х10-32,3х10-3 medium [m²/s] 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 26 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 2 sites 25 Number of water intake wells No information 26 Purpose of water intake centralized and non-centralized water supply (water intake and single wells) 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/a] 12023600 м3/ year (wells on water intakes) abstraction 28 Water replenishment flow from the adjacent horizons and complexes

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Parameter Unit Value 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, 585,5 – 721,8; medium [mm] 677,93 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] no 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] no 32 Groundwater level dynamics no trend 33 The prevailing anthropogenic Water intakes -1 water intake for centralized pressure water supply; Household objects – 6 objects, including: sludge bed (1 object), municipal solid waste (5 objects); 34 Land-use [%] 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information 35 Chemical composition (status) of good groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) good the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information high 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater iron, manganese, fluorine (of natural origin) bodies

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0005

Parameters Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW05 2 The name of groundwater body water-bearing Dnieper namereny fluvioglacial horizon 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 4626,50 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, 3,0 – 15,0; groundwater body medium [m] 5,0 – 10,0 5 Groundwater body type shallow 6 Individual groundwater body or group Group from 4 subbodies 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, no country] 8 Горизонт тела подземных вод The 3 horizon of groundwater body 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, 1,5-3,2; medium [m] 2,0-2,5 10 Average annual change in medium [m] 0,5-1,0 groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) pore groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) Free-flow 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological various-grained Sands description 14 Aquifer – a Geological age quaternary 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations bicarbonate, calcium or sodium-calcium and anions) 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography peat, Sands, grainy 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] 2,0-8,0 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] no 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] no Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, 2,3х10-5 – 1,2х10-3 Filtration coefficient medium [m/s] 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, medium [m²/s] 3,5х10-4 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 2 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 4 sites 25 Number of water intake wells No information 26 Purpose of water intake non-centralized water supply (wells) 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/a] No information abstraction 28 Water replenishment infiltration of precipitation /flow from underlying aquifers and floodwaters 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, 548,9 – 771,1;

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Parameters Unit Value medium [mm] 644,05 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] no 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] no 32 Groundwater level dynamics no trend 33 The prevailing anthropogenic Intakes 5 intakes for public water supply; pressure Household objects 10 objects, including: sludge (2 facilities), municipal solid waste (4 facilities), treatment facilities (2 facilities), sludge beds (1), pit, the tailings storage facility (1 facility). 34 Land-use [%] 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information 35 Chemical composition (status) of good groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) good the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information high 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater Fe total (natural origin) bodies

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0006

Parameter Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW06 2 The name of groundwater body Water-bearing Berezinsky-Dneprovsky water- glacial and Paleogene and Neogene complex 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 45525,46 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, f,lgIbr-IId: Min 0 – Max <20, medium 10-20; groundwater body medium [m] P-N: Min 10 – Max 100, medium 10-30;

5 Groundwater body type deep 6 Individual groundwater body or group single body 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, no country] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 2 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, f,lgIbr-IId: Piezometric pressure water levels medium [m] are mainly set at depths of 1-17, and in river valleys in some cases up to 2.5–7.4 m above the earth's surface; P-N: Piezometric pressure water levels are recorded at depths of several meters to 60 m

10 Average annual change in medium [m] f,lgIbr-IId: 0,6 – 6,0 groundwater level P-N: 0,5 – 6,0-8,0 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) pore groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) pressure 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological Sands of different granulometric composition, description with layers of sandy loam, loam and clay, often with inclusions of gravel and pebbles 14 Aquifer – a Geological age Quaternary/Neogene /Paleogene 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations f,lgIbr-IId : hydrocarbonate, bicarbonate- and anions) magnesium-calcium, bicarbonate-sodium- calcium, bicarbonate-chloride, chloride- bicarbonate;; P-N bicarbonate-magnesium-calcium, bicarbonate-calcium, bicarbonate-sodium- calcium, chloride-bicarbonate-sodium-calcium 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography Sands of various granularity, with layers of sand and gravel deposits, sandy loam, loam, clay uneventful along the strike. It overlaps the Dnieper or bajskimi entities and combines water-ice minorenne, as well as lake, alluvial and swamp deposits. Overlapping slightly permeable sediments of the Dnieper and Sozh glaciation moraines in most of the basin are absent, they are found only in the North, North- West, as well as in places in the center. 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] 2,0 – 40,0 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] partly 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] No information Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, f,lgIbr-IId: 1,2х10-5 – 2,3х10-4; medium: 1,2х10- Filtration coefficient medium [m/s] 5 –5,8х10-5

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Parameter Unit Value P-N: from o,00001 up to 3,5х10-4; medium 1,2х10-5 – 5,8х10-5 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, f,lgIbr-IId: >1,2х10-3–>2,3х10-3; medium [m²/s] medium:1,2х10-3 – 2,3х10-3 P-N: >1,2х10-3 – 1,4х10-2; medium:1,2х10-3 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 48 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 19 sites 25 Number of water intake wells No information 26 Purpose of water intake centralized and non-centralized water supply (water intake and single wells) 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/a] 17118041 м3/year (wells on water intakes) abstraction 28 Water replenishment replenishment of water reserves of the complex is carried out due to the downward filtration of water overlying and flow of pressure water underlying horizons and complexes. Atmospheric precipitation-in places of high occurrence of the roof and the absence of overlying moraine deposits 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, 706,0 – 777,0; medium [mm] 751,36 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] no 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] no 32 Groundwater level dynamics in the area of water intakes there is an increase due to a decrease in water intake 33 The prevailing anthropogenic water intakes (13 existing water intakes for pressure centralized water supply), municipal facilities: 15 objects, including: sludge storage (1 object), landfills of solid municipal waste (9 objects), treatment facilities (1 object), silt sites (1 object), quarry, tailings (2 objects), agricultural irrigation fields (1 object).. 34 Land-use [%] 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information 35 Chemical composition (status) of good groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) good the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information high 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater Fe total (natural origin) bodies

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0007

Parameters Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW07 2 The name of groundwater body aquifer of Cretaceous carbonate-terrigenous 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 27423,87 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, 5,0 – 20,0; groundwater body medium [m] 8,0 – 15,0 5 Groundwater body type deep 6 Individual groundwater body or group Group of subbodies 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, no country] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 1 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, Up to 20,0; medium [m] 2,0 – 10,0 10 Average annual change in medium [m] 0,5 – 1,5 groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) pore or pore-fractured groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) pressure 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological small and fine-grained Sands, sandstones description 14 Aquifer – a Geological age pre-Quaternary 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations bicarbonate calcium-sodium, sodium, calcium and anions) and calcium-magnesium 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography marl-Cretaceous strata, represented by chalk, marls, Dolomites 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] 5-10 – 80 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] yes 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] No information Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, 3,5х10-5 – 1,7х10-4 Filtration coefficient medium [m/s] 6,9х10-5 – 9,3х10-5 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, 5,8х10-4 – 1,16х10-3 medium [m²/s] 6,4х10-4 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 15 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 3 sites 25 Number of water intake wells No information 26 Purpose of water intake centralized water supply 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/a] 3056170 м3/year ( wells on water intakes) abstraction 28 Water replenishment f low of water from the adjacent horizons and complexes 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, - medium [mm]

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Parameters Unit Value 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] no 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] Republican landscape reserve "Middle Pripyat" (Turov hydrogeological post) 32 Groundwater level dynamics no trend 33 The prevailing anthropogenic Water intake 3 water intake for centralized pressure water supply 34 Land-use [%] 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information 35 Chemical composition (status) of good groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) good the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information high 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater Fe total (natural origin) bodies

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0008

Parameter Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW08 2 The name of groundwater body aquifer of the upper Devonian terrigenous- carbonate complex 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 2435,87 км2 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, [m] 14,0 – 137,0; groundwater body 50,0 5 Groundwater body type deep 6 Individual groundwater body or group Group of subbodies 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, no country] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 1 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, 2-15, partly up to 30,0; medium [m] 2,0 – 10,0 10 Average annual change in medium [m] 0,8 – 1,3 groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) fractured groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) pressure 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological fractured limestone and dolomite with description unseasoned interlayers of marls and clays, in places intercalation and with nests of gypsum 14 Aquifer – a Geological age pre-Quaternary 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations calcium-magnesium bicarbonate and anions) 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography Quaternary sediments, Cretaceous Sands and Jurassic clays 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] 10 – 130 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] yes 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] No information Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, 3,5х10-6 – 2,9х10-4 Filtration coefficient medium [m/s] 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, 2,3х10-3 – 6,9х10-3 medium [m²/s] 4,6х10-3 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 7 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 5 sites 25 Number of water intake wells No information 26 Purpose of water intake centralized water supply 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/a] 2306537 м3/year (wells on water intakes ) abstraction 28 Water replenishment the downward filtration of overlying waters and the inflow of pressure water of the underlying aquifers and complexes

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Parameter Unit Value 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, - medium [mm] 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] no 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] no 32 Groundwater level dynamics no trend 33 The prevailing anthropogenic Water intake 4 water intake for centralized pressure water supply 34 Land-use [%] 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information 35 Chemical composition (status) of good groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) good the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information high 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater Fe total, Mn (natural origin), Cl -, Na bodies

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0009

Parameter Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW09 2 The name of groundwater body aquifer Pinsk and Vendian terrigenous complex 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 23656,46 км2 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, V: up to 260; groundwater body medium [m] R2pn: up to 300; 5 Groundwater body type deep 6 Individual groundwater body or group Single body 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, yes, Ukraine country] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 2 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, 188 – +10 above the surface of the earth medium [m] 20,0 – 25,0 10 Average annual change in medium[m] 0,5 – 2,0 groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) fractured groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) pressure 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological V: Sands and to varying degrees fractured description sandstones with interlayers of siltstones and clays R2pn: sandstones of different grain size, porosity and fracturing 14 Aquifer – a Geological age pre-Quaternary 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations calcium bicarbonate and anions) 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography Devonian and Cretaceous formations: limestones and Dolomites, marls, clays, chalk 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] No information 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] yes 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] No information Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, 3,5х10-5 – 1,04х10-4 Filtration coefficient medium[m/s] 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, 2,9х10-4 – 2,8х10-3 medium[m²/s] 1,7х10-3 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 2 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 6 sites 25 Number of water intake wells No information 26 Purpose of water intake centralized water supply 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/a] 11655583 м3/year ( wells on water intakes) abstraction 28 Water replenishment flow from the upper horizons (complexes)

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Parameter Unit Value 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, - medium [mm] 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] no 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] no 32 Groundwater level dynamics no trend 33 The prevailing anthropogenic Intakes – 10 intakes for public water supply pressure 34 Land-use [%] 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information 35 Chemical composition (status) of good groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) good the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information high 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater Fe total (natural origin) bodies

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0010

Parameter Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW10 2 The name of groundwater body aquifer Archean-nizhnetroitskiy terrigenous complex (quarry Mikashevichi) 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 108,16 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, 100 – 200 м groundwater body medium [m] 5 Groundwater body type shallow 6 Individual groundwater body or group 3 subbodies 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, no country] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 1 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, 4,0-7,0 (taking into account the drainage from medium [m] the quarry) 4,5-5,5( taking into account the drainage from the quarry) 10 Average annual change in medium [m] No information groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) fractured groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) pressure 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological crystalline basement rocks: gneiss, crystalline description and mica schists, amphibolites, quartzites, granites, syenites, gabbro 14 Aquifer – a Geological age pre-Quaternary 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations No information and anions) 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography Sands, sandy loam, loam 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] up to 50 m 18 Impervious overlay layers [да/нет] no 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] no Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, No information Filtration coefficient medium [m/s] 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, No information medium [m²/s] 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 4 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 4 sites 25 Number of water intake wells no 26 Purpose of water intake no 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/a] no abstraction 28 Water replenishment No information

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Parameter Unit Value 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, no medium [mm] 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [да/нет] no 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [да/нет] no 32 Groundwater level dynamics No information 33 The prevailing anthropogenic quarry Mikashevichi pressure 34 Land-use [%] 11. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information. 35 Chemical composition (status) of No information groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) No information the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information high 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater No information bodies

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Groundwater body BYPRGW0011

Parameter Unit Value 1 The code of groundwater body GW11 2 The name of groundwater body Local water body (Soligorsk industrial district) 3 The area of groundwater body [km²] 1407,37 4 The thickness (density) of Min–Max, operated horizon: 14,0 – 177,0; groundwater body medium [m] saline thickness: менее 150 – 1000 5 Groundwater body type deep 6 Individual groundwater body or group Individual groundwater body 7 Transboundary nature [yes/no, no country] 8 The horizon of groundwater body 1 9 Depth to groundwater level Min–Max, operated horizon: 2,0 – 14,5 medium [m] 10 Average annual change in medium [m] 0,2 – 2,1 groundwater level 11 The type of aquifer (the dominant) pore groundwater 12 Aquifer-Impact (pressure) pressure 13 Aquifer-Petrography, lithological Sands, Dolomites, limestones description 14 Aquifer – a Geological age pre-Quaternary 15 Aquifer-Geochemistry (major cations the operated horizon: hydrocarbonate and anions) magnesium-calcium; in the operational wells located closer to regional fault, waters hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodium with the increased content of chlorides and sodium saline thickness: brines 16 Overlapping layers-Petrography Sands are grainy, sandy loam, loam, chalk 17 Overlapping layers-Average thickness [m] to the exploited horizon seal at -70.0 50,0 – 150,0; up to the saline thickness: 0-300,0 18 Impervious overlay layers [yes/no] yes 19 Overlying impermeable layers – the [%] no information Average area 20 Hydraulic conductivity (kf) Min–Max, operated horizon: 1,8х10-4 – 8,1х10-4 Filtration coefficient medium [m/s] saline thickness: no information 21 Water conductivity coefficient (T) Min–Max, operated horizon: 1,4 – х10-3 –2,7 х10-2 medium [m²/s] saline thickness: no information 22 Average age of groundwater medium [a] 14C radiocarbon isotope analysis not conducted in this area 23 Number of chemical monitoring sites 146 24 Number of quantitative monitoring 136 sites 25 Number of water intake wells No information 26 Purpose of water intake centralized water supply 27 The annual volume of groundwater [m³/year] 8368130 м3/year (wells on water intakes) abstraction

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Parameter Unit Value 28 Water replenishment flow of water from the upper horizons (complexes) 29 The annual rainfall Min–Max, medium [mm] 666,8 30 Related aquatic ecosystems [yes/no] no 31 Related terrestrial ecosystems [yes/no] no 32 Groundwater level dynamics No information 33 The prevailing anthropogenic Salt dumps of Starobin Deposit of potassium pressure and rock salt 34 Land-use [%] 1. Artificial surfaces (urban areas, roads, airports) - no information 2. Agricultural land - no information 3. Forests and semi-natural areas – pastures, meadows) - no information 4. Wetlands – no information 5. Water bodies-no information 35 Chemical composition (status) of good/bad groundwater body 36 The quantitative composition (status) good the body of groundwater 37 The level of reliability of information reliable 38 Chemical trends in the groundwater Cl-, Na, Fe total bodies

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Annex 3: Overview of prepared GIS layers and datasets

Data prepared according to Implementing the Geographical Information System Elements (GIS) of the Water Framework Directive. Guidance Document No.9. Coordinate system т ETRS89 ESPG4258.

The layer of groundwater bodies The geometry type - polygons. Data structure

Field name Type Length EU_CD String 24 NAME String 100 MS_CD String 22 REGION_CD String 2 INS_WHEN Date YYYYMMDD INS_BY String 15 BASIN_CD String

HORIZON Number 2 STATUS_YR String 4

Full metadata listing

RE BAS GIO HORIZO STATUS EU_ NAME MS_CD INS_WHEN INS_BY IN_ N_C N _YR CD CD D BYPRGW0001 BYPRGW0001/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0001 BYPRGW0001/01 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0001 BYPRGW0001/02 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0001 BYPRGW0001/03 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0001 BYPRGW0001/04 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0001 BYPRGW0001/05 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0002 BYPRGW0002/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0003 BYPRGW0003/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0003 BYPRGW0003/01 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0004 BYPRGW0004/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0004 BYPRGW0004/01 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0005 BYPRGW0005/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0005 BYPRGW0005/01 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0005 BYPRGW0005/02 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0005 BYPRGW0005/03 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0006 BYPRGW0006/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0007 BYPRGW0007/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0007 BYPRGW0007/01 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0008 BYPRGW0008/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0008 BYPRGW0008/01 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0009 BYPRGW0009/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0010 BYPRGW0010/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0010 BYPRGW0010/01 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0010 BYPRGW0010/02 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018 BYPRGW0011 BYPRGW0011/00 16 2018.09.25 CRICUWR BY5 2018

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Layer of groundwater monitoring sites The geometry type - points. Data structure

Field name Type Length NAME String 100 EU_CD String 24 MS_CD String 22 INS_WHEN Date YYYYMMDD INS_BY String 15 LEVEL String 1 OPERAT String 1 SURVEIL String 1 DEPTH Number 4

Full metadata listing

EU_C MS_ INS_WHE LEV SUR- NAME INS_BY OPERAT DEPTH D CD N EL VEIL Water intake Ostrovy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Novyi 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Myslotino 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Lan 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Yakubovichi Water intake Belevichi 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Berezki 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Sluckoe 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Lokneya 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Krasnislobodskiy Water intake Kostuki 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Lubashevo 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Pervomayskiy Water intake №1 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Lesnoy 2 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Telekhany 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Belenok 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Lesnoy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Pina-1 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Lunin 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Goryn 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Starorechie Water intake Sluch-2 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Cheretyanka Water intake Lelchicy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Luchezhevichi Water intake Elskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Cheluschevichi Water intake Lesnoy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Kovaly 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Narovlyanskiy Water intake Gorodskoy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake SRP 2018.09.25 CRICUWR (sugar refinery plant) Water intake Gorodskoy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR

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EU_C MS_ INS_WHE LEV SUR- NAME INS_BY OPERAT DEPTH D CD N EL VEIL Water intake Luninec 2018.09.25 CRICUWR milk plant Water intake Gorodskoy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Pina-2 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Sadoviy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Polesie 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Turovskoe 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Priozerniy- 2018.09.25 CRICUWR 1 Water intake 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Belanovichi Water intake Davydovka 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Davydovka 2018.09.25 CRICUWR -1 Water intake Pionerskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake Khomichi 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Water intake well 2018.09.25 CRICUWR №2/2002 Post Pinskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Simonichsko- 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Rudnenskiy Post Sitnenskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Ploskinskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Samoylevskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Z arechenskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Berezovskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Podlyadievskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Leteneckiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Starobinskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Borovickiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Stolinskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Aleksandrovskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Sinkevichskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Krasnoslobodskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Simonichskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Khlupinskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Kleschevskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Bechskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Snyadinskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Glusskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Sluckiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Gorokhovskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Mlynok 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Krestunovskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Turovskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Rychevskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Parakhonskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Berezhnovskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Post Bykovskiy 2018.09.25 CRICUWR Local groundwater monito-ring Treatment 25.09.2018 CRICUWR facilities Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring Sludge 25.09.2018 CRICUWR collectors Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater 25.09.2018 CRICUWR

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EU_C MS_ INS_WHE LEV SUR- NAME INS_BY OPERAT DEPTH D CD N EL VEIL monito-ring, the landfill of municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, Sludge 25.09.2018 CRICUWR drying beds Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, Treatment 25.09.2018 CRICUWR facilities Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring Sludge 25.09.2018 CRICUWR collectors Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, Agricultural 25.09.2018 CRICUWR irrigation fields Local groundwater monito-ring, Sludge 25.09.2018 CRICUWR drying beds Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, Quarry, 25.09.2018 CRICUWR tailings Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater 25.09.2018 CRICUWR monito-ring, the landfill of

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EU_C MS_ INS_WHE LEV SUR- NAME INS_BY OPERAT DEPTH D CD N EL VEIL municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, Sludge 25.09.2018 CRICUWR drying beds Local groundwater monito-ring, Sludge 25.09.2018 CRICUWR drying beds Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, Pesticide 25.09.2018 CRICUWR burial sites Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring, the landfill of 25.09.2018 CRICUWR municipal solid waste Local groundwater monito-ring Sludge 25.09.2018 CRICUWR collectors

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Annex 4: Implemented road map

Phase of implementation Date Mark about the execution 1. Introductory meeting 1.5 days Implemented, - General purpose of the work and legal structure; 5-6 June - Scope of work in 2018 and expected results; 2018 minutes of the workshop - Presentation and discussion of the methodology for the prepared, delineation of groundwater reservoirs; - The experience of Austria and member States of the EU; developed a road map - Practical training on the design of networks of delineation and monitoring of networks of groundwater reservoirs on the case study; - Current situation in Belarus on quantitative and chemical groundwater monitoring, databases, laboratories, previous experience with international projects; - Planning of further steps (road map) and discussion of working modality. 2. Preparatory work for a local contractor: June-July Done, - The draft delineation of groundwater bodies: 2018 I. Preparation of hydrogeological information (maps, profiles, a report has been tables on the aquifers of the Pripyat river, reports on prepared, including: geological and hydrogeological studies). - hydrogeological II. Selection of aquifers that are related to the Water information on the Pripyat framework Directive (used, intended for use related to river basin; ecosystems). - criteria for the definition of iii. Preparation of available information on impacts groundwater bodies in (loads) (maps,tables). Total resources and groundwater accordance with the resources used for water supply in the Pripyat river basin; provisions of the Water iv. The first draft of differentiation of all ground water framework Directive; bodies in the Pripyat river basin. - list of identified pressures - Preparation of a draft list of all impacts (loads) related to (loads) associated with groundwater for each water body. groundwater for each - Inventory of existing monitoring sites and existing wells / groundwater body (object), sources that could potentially be used as areas for monitoring including potential (hydrogeological posts, water intakes). pollutants and the most - The first draft of a monitoring network for each groundwater important ecosystems; body. - inventory of existing - Drawing up a draft list of potential pollutants associated with monitoring sites, exposure. description of the current situation of groundwater monitoring in natural and disturbed conditions of the Pripyat river basin. - draft list of all impacts (loads) related to groundwater for each water body 3. 1st working meeting 1 day Implemented, Skype Discussion of the following topics: 25 July meeting was held, - Allocation of ground water bodies. 2018 - Adjustment of the template characteristics and structure of minutes of the meeting the text description. prepared - A list of identified anthropogenic impacts associated with groundwater and a brief description thereof. - Design of monitoring networks and practical modification. - Adjustment of the characteristics template for the monitoring sites in accordance with national requirements. - Monitoring frequency and relevant (chemical) parameters. - Investments for monitoring, operation and maintenance.

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Phase of implementation Date Mark about the execution 3. Preparatory work for a local contractor: August- . Done, - Revision of the delineation of groundwater bodies in Septembe accordance with the conclusions of the 1st workshop. r 2018 a report has been Preparation of GIS layers and metadata. prepared, including: - Brief description of the Pripyat river basin; - list of allocated ground - Characteristics of each ground water body according to the water bodies in accordance template and text. A brief description of each water body in with the conclusions of the text form. 1st workshop; - Review of monitoring networks based on the conclusions of - methodology for the the seminar. determination and - Characteristics of monitoring sites according to the template. characterization of - Preparation of investment requirements for monitoring, groundwater bodies; operation and maintenance. - GIS maps for each water Preparation of methodology documentation and information body; under consideration. Preparation of the final report. - brief description of the Pripyat river basin (physical and geographical information, geological and hydrogeological conditions, (resources, reserves, sources of influence; - characteristics of each ground water body according to the template and text; - inventory of monitoring networks ; - characteristics of monitoring areas according to the template. - investment needs for monitoring, operation and maintenance. 4. 2nd working meeting-the focus of the meeting will depend on 1 day Done, the results of previous work. 20-25 - Discussion / Completion of delineation and characterization Septembe In working order, of groundwater bodies. r correspondence was - Discussion / Completion of the monitoring network, 2018 carried out via email. determination of characteristics of monitoring sites and investment requirements, operation and maintenance requirements Discussion of the methodology and plan of the final report. 5. Preparatory work for a local contractor: November Done, The focus of the meeting will depend on the results of previous 2018 The report has been work: finalized taking into account - Finalizing the delineation and characterization of the comments, namely: groundwater bodies. - the final revision of the - Finalizing the design of the monitoring network, delimitation and characteristics of monitoring sites, investment, operation and characteristics of maintenance requirements. underground water bodies - Discussion of problematic issues. has been carried out. Preparation of methodology documentation and information - the final completion of the under consideration. Preparation of the final report. design of the monitoring network, the characteristics of the monitoring areas, - - the requirements for investment, operation and maintenance. - discussion of problematic issues.

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Phase of implementation Date Mark about the execution 6. 3rd working meeting - the focus of the meeting will depend 2 days Done, on the effectiveness of previous work: 2-3 - Completion of delineation and characteristics of underground October A meeting was held in the water bodies. 2018 framework of joint work on - Completion of monitoring network design, characteristics of training in groundwater monitoring sites, investment, operation and maintenance sampling. requirements.

7. Preparatory work by the national expert: October Done - Shut down 2018 8. Concluding session November Done. All open issues have Final approval of open questions. 2018 been agreed 9. The submission and reception of representatives of the November Done Ministry of natural resources and environmental protection of - the Republic of Belarus and the EUWI+ Thematic leader December 2018

Training on sampling

Mark about the Date Training in sampling methods-implementation Stages execution The training seminar on sampling: 1 day Done, a. Theoretical and practical training on groundwater sampling June 2018 (qualitative and quantitative characteristics) A training seminar on b. Presentation and discussion of the sampling guidance sampling

Preparatory work for a local contractor 2 days Done a. Adaptation of the sampling guidance to national conditions and 2-3 October A guidance for requirements. 2018 groundwater sampling b. Support for the preparation of a research guidance has been prepared

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Annex 5: Guide to groundwater selection adapted to the situation in Belarus

It should be noted that participating in field studies on groundwater selection with Lithuanian colleagues Hydrogeologists significant difference between logistics, requirements, etc.for the selection of groundwater, the European Union and the Republic of Belarus was not noted. However, a step-by- step guide (scenario) on groundwater selection adapted to the situation in Belarus will be presented, which will present the steps/steps that are typical for obtaining hydrogeochemical information on groundwater in the Republic of Belarus. The presented scenario (guide) will be quite brief, with the content of the key points, only because all the requirements and conditions for sampling have already been legislated and approved in the following documents. Legal and regulatory framework for the selection of groundwater used in the territory of the Republic of Belarus On the territory of the Republic of Belarus at carrying out of monitoring of ground waters according to hydrochemical indicators selection, storage and transportation of water samples are made according to the requirements of STB GOST R 51592-2001 "Water. General requirements for sampling " (hereinafter – STB GOST R 51592-2001); STB ISO 5667-14-2002 "water Quality. Sampling. Part 14. Manual on quality assurance in water sampling and treatment" (hereinafter – ISO 5667-14-2002); Instructions on the procedure for monitoring groundwater (hereinafter – the instruction). Scenario obtain information about the hydrogeochemical state of underground waters on the territory of the Republic of Belarus Conducting field research on hydrogeochemical testing of groundwater is quite serious and somewhat time-consuming work that requires a specialist-hydrogeologist understanding (intuition) of hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry of the research area. However, like any other work, the work on the selection of groundwater is quite consistent, stage-by- stage, and includes: Stage 1: Sample preparation / planning; Stage 2: Survey/inspection wells(s); Stage 3: Pumping wells (s); Stage 4: Sampling; Stage 5: Sample Transportation and storage. In the first stage (before departure to the borehole) is considered the scheme of its location, the route to her, for her passport information, which includes information on the geological and hydrogeological conditions, the initial information about the chemical status of groundwater, the static and dynamic levels, etc. At this stage one gets the idea of hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical state of underground waters in the studied area. It is also necessary to be clear on what chemical components of the samples will be taken. This is necessary in order to have certain chemical reagents (buffers) for the preservation of groundwater samples, to know the volume of containers for sampling. Here it is necessary to check and prepare all the necessary equipment to fix the coordinates of the well (GPS), measuring the primary information about the hydrogeochemical condition of groundwater from wells, sampling, preservation, transportation of samples to the laboratory etc. For all wells from which samples will be taken, preparing field reports, acts, labels for recording the results of field studies

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It should be noted that, as noted in [3], a well-planned first phase saves time and minimizes the problems that often arise during field work.

The result of the first stage is: 1) The idea of location, geological and hydrogeological, geochemical, anthropogenic load, etc. areas of research; 2) Preparation of the necessary equipment, namely: sampler, level gauge, pH, Eh-meters, containers for sampling, gloves, tape, buckets, cellophane (for shelter equipment from rain/snow), chemicals for preservation of samples, field logs, acts, labels, containers for storage of samples at low temperatures, rope, laptop with software for documentation of groundwater monitoring results, keys to wells, pump, battery, sampler. At the second stage, which in the territory of the Republic of Belarus should be carried out at least once a year, first of all, the presence of a well on the ground, its coordinates, technical condition (the color of the head, the presence of the well number on the head, depth measurement, assessment of the state of the water intake part, siltation, the presence and operation of the level gauge) is checked. Due to the fact that on the territory of the Republic of Belarus not all observation wells are equipped with automatic level gauges, at the same stage the quality of work of observers is checked, the technical condition of their equipment is assessed. The result of the second stage is: preparation and evaluation of the well for pumping and sampling. At the third stage, before pumping the well, the water level is measured. Next, make pumping wells, which provides a change of at least four to five volumes of water in the wellbore (the volume is calculated by the formula taking into account the radius of the well pipe and the height of the water column inside it), manual or Electromechanical pumps. After pumping, before sampling, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, groundwater salinity are measured. All information received is recorded in field journals [2]. The result of the third stage – obtaining the inflow of groundwater from the reservoir for subsequent sampling, obtaining primary data. At the fourth stage, water sampling is carried out by a sampler in a container made of glass or chemically resistant polymeric materials. The volume and conservation of samples are determined by the type of analysis and should be sufficient for the technique used. Each container with a water sample immediately after selection should be provided with a label. It should be noted that according to [1] there are requirements for equipment for sampling and preservation. The result of the fourth stage - selected and prepared for transportation containers with water samples. The fifth stage is also quite a responsible part of the above process. When transporting the container with samples (water) is placed inside the container (container, box, etc.), preventing contamination and damage to the containers with samples. Samples to be immediately examined are grouped separately and sent to the laboratory. The result of the fifth stage-the water sample enters the laboratory, is recorded in the log of incoming documents, and it is assigned a laboratory identification number under which the water sample is analyzed by the chemical contractor. 1) STB GOST R 51592-2001 "Water. General requirements for sampling»; 2) Instructions on the procedure of groundwater monitoring; 3) http://blackseariverbasins.net/sites/default/files/GW_Sampling_EPIRB_Handouts_RU.pdf

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