Insights from Universiti Sains Malaysia Celebrating 50 Years of Nationhood
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Insights from Universiti Sains Malaysia Celebrating 50 Years of Nationhood Compiled by Universiti Sains Malaysia Constructing Future Higher Education Scenarios "It's not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent; but the one most responsive to changes." Charles Darwin Constructing Future Higher Education Scenarios Insights from Universiti Sains Malaysia Compiled by Universiti Sains Malaysia PENERBIT Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang for the Corporate and Sustainable Development Division PENERBIT Distributors: The Universiti Sains Malaysia Co-operative Bookshop Ltd. Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Pulau Pinang Malaysia MPH Distributors Sdn. Bhd. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of Universiti Sains Malaysia. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Constructing future higher education scenarios : insights from Universiti Sains Malaysia / compiled by Universiti Sains Malaysia. ISBN 978-983-861-328-6 1. Education, Higher–Malaysia. I. Universiti Sains Malaysia. 378.595 LA1236 Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Project Editor : Ellisha Nasruddin Content Editors : Ahmad Sofwan Nathan Abdullah, Dzulkifli Abdul Razak, Ellisha Nasruddin, Fong Soon Fook, Lee Lik Meng, Mohd Azhari Karim, Omar Osman, Ramli Mohamed and Wan Mohd Fauzy Wan Ismail Copy Editors : Ellisha Nasruddin and Salamiah Mat Sah Graphic Designer: Rozita Ilamdin Photographer : Lee Lik Meng Printed by P&Y Design Network Contents FOREWORD FROM THE MINISTER OF HIGHER EDUCATION vii FOREWORD FROM THE VICE-CHANCELLOR ix FOREWORD FROM A FUTURIST xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii CONSTRUCTING FUTURE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 HIGHER EDUCATION SCENARIOS CHAPTER 2: CREATING THE FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA 15 CHAPTER 3: THE SCENARIO ALTERNATIVES 35 The A’ la Carte University 39 The Invisible University 49 The Corporate University 57 The State University 63 The University in the Garden: Flowering of the Minds 67 CHAPTER 4: CONVERSATIONS WITH THE COMMUNITY 77 CHAPTER 5: DREAMING AND VISUALISING THE PREFERRED VISION FOR USM 111 CHAPTER 6: MOVING FORWARD 123 APPENDIX : SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 127 CONTRIBUTORS 133 Foreword from the Minister of Higher Education Malaysia is entering an exciting phase of national development. During the first fifty years of independence, we saw the country grow from an economy predominantly based on agriculture and natural resources, to one which now features the advancement of high-end manufacturing and services. Along the way, we have expanded our global presence and today are the 18th largest trading nation in the world. We have in other words successfully moved up the value chain and established ourselves as a global player. While there is much for us to be proud of, we must CONSTRUCTING FUTURE continue to build our momentum and march towards achieving the goals set out in Vision 2020. The way forward was outlined in the Ninth Malaysia Plan, launched in 2006 by YAB Dato’ Seri Abdullah Haji HIGHER EDUCATION SCENARIOS Ahmad Badawi, where he made it plain that having established first class infrastructure in the country, Malaysia must now turn its attention towards enhancing its human capital. Universities and institutions of higher education in Malaysia must heed this as a call to action. Today, they are responsible for almost 700,000 students in tertiary education and this number will continue to grow as we strive towards our goal of having 40 per cent of the 17 to 23 year old cohort gaining such education. Through research, universities also play an important role as fountains of knowledge creation and innovation. Clearly, universities must be attuned to the ever changing needs of society and industry if they are to remain relevant and contribute towards human capital development. Strategic plans of action should also mirror Malaysian values and ethics, and embody our aspirations, particularly those for the younger generation. I am therefore pleased to note that Universiti Sains pave the way for leaders and scholars within the higher Malaysia (USM) has taken a proactive step to analyse education fraternity to consider the impact of future the role of the university in order to accomplish this. scenarios on existing strategies that they may have. The initiative in identifying alternative scenarios in which a university might exist, and the development of I wish USM well in charting its path forward and a roadmap arising from this, will help USM remain bringing about a form of higher education that best relevant to the needs of society and industry, and future matches its vision and the betterment of the nation. challenges both locally and globally. The Ministry of Higher Education welcomes these efforts DATO’ MUSTAPA MOHAMED by USM and it is my hope that this publication will MINISTER OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA from the Minister of Higher Education Foreword viii Foreword from the Vice-Chancellor The changing nature of higher education and that of its clients, namely students, due to shifting demographics, economic paradigms, technological innovations and patterns of learning, in turn suggest that higher education reforms are sorely needed to cope with the demands foisted upon universities by the advent of the knowledge-based economy. As economies become increasingly sophisticated and the commodification of knowledge more prevalent, institutions of higher education need to reevaluate their roles and strategies as purveyors of knowledge beyond the existing educational frameworks. Such CONSTRUCTING FUTURE reevaluations must take into cognisance that universities continue to power economic growth, social and technological advancements through the provision of quality education. HIGHER EDUCATION SCENARIOS When formulating goals and strategies for a university As economies become increasingly of tomorrow, in the future planning process, it is critical that such activities be guided by thorough assessment sophisticated and the of the trends and major forces in our external commodification of knowledge more environment that shapes the context in which an institution will operate. They present both opportunities prevalent, institutions of higher and challenges, encompassing developments in the education need to reevaluate their social, political, economic and technological arenas. Proper attention to these dimensions will enable the roles and strategies as purveyors of formulation of strategies that are relevant and effective. knowledge beyond the existing Within the Malaysian context, this calls for any future scenarios to be pivoted on at least two main educational frameworks. philosophies, namely the democratisation of knowledge and the transition to k-economy within the current trend of globalisation. The main challenge confronting us at this point is how a constantly evolving socio-economic environment. to accurately anticipate and most effectively foster In line with USM esteemed motto of "We Lead" this innovation in research and teaching in the university. project is the first of its kind in Malaysia and we are In particular as the nature of knowledge, its methods indeed proud to be pioneering a new paradigm in of acquisition and dissemination as well as funding advancing a new future of higher education in Malaysia. changes at unprecedented speed. While this question is not altogether new, it raises institutional questions This report is a succinct compilation of all possible that a decade ago might not have been anticipated. scenarios that were elicited during the many fun-filled This is because the degree by which multidisciplinary yet mind-blowing sessions from committed groups of work as well as the organisation and funding of USMers, be they academics, professionals or universities have become increasingly fluid and less administrators. Indeed each strived to fashion practical discipline-centred. For example, will university-industry solutions to meet the future challenges forecasted by partnership rather than the traditional the groups. This publication symbolises the hard work departments/schools/faculties be best suited to stimulate, and commitment invested in the genuine attempt to support, promote, nurture and evaluate quality teaching create a university of tomorrow today! from the Vice-Chancellor and research? This is in view of the emergence of diverse faculty who may or may not employ traditional Our heartfelt thanks to all involved in realising this methods and theories heretofore common to new vision for USM and sincerely hope the readers "disciplines" at large. Can the traditional "major", for will gain new insights about what the future of higher example, based upon the concept of "knowledge" as a education is all about. neatly bound, discipline-specific, discrete and tangible commodity, be able to deliver diverse curricular Foreword trajectories that can fulfill the demands of industry and DZULKIFLI ABDUL RAZAK society in general? PROFESSOR DATO' VICE-CHANCELLOR USM If, indeed, in the next decade or so, the nature of knowledge acquisition, its organisation and the productivity of new scholarship require different and more eclectic sets of assumptions, conventional wisdom, student experiences and research processes. We need to review the traditional answers to questions such as: how best to teach students, and organise