DOCSLIB.ORG

UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Internalizing the West : Qing envoys and ministers in Europe, 1866-1893 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7wt3n65p Authors Huangfu, Zhengzheng Huangfu, Zhengzheng Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Internalizing the West: Qing Envoys and Ministers in Europe, 1866-1893 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirments for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Zhengzheng Huangfu Committee in charge: Professor Joseph Esherick, Co-Chair Professor Paul Pickowicz, Co-Chair Professor Weijing Lu Professor Richard Madsen Professor Sarah Schneewind Professor Cynthia Truant 2012 Copyright Zhengzheng Huangfu, 2012 All rights reserved. Signature page The Dissertation of Zhengzheng Huangfu is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2012 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature page .................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Vita .................................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... viii Abstract of the Dissertation ............................................................................................... ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 I. Envoy on a Raft Binchun‘s: Mission to Europe, 1866 .................................................. 19 The Ex-Magistrate and His Mission ................................................................. 23 The Industrial Cities ......................................................................................... 32 Women and High Society .................................................................................. 39 Poetry and Cultural Diplomacy ........................................................................ 45 Back to the Celestial Kingdom .......................................................................... 53 Reception........................................................................................................... 58 II. Burlingame‘s Co-Envoy Zhigang‘s: Rationalization of the West, 1868-1871 ............ 66 A Confucian Explorer of Natural Laws ............................................................ 71 Religion and Human Nature ............................................................................. 81 Their Ways of Governing .................................................................................. 87 Envoy between Two Worlds .............................................................................. 92 Return .............................................................................................................. 103 III. Curiosities from Ocean Voyages: Zhang Deyi‘s Early Journeys, 1866-1872 .......... 114 The Collector of Curios .................................................................................. 117 Material West .................................................................................................. 120 Cities, Governments and Rulers ..................................................................... 126 Looking at the Other ....................................................................................... 131 China and Confucianism................................................................................. 137 Imperialism and the non-West ........................................................................ 144 Early Return, New Departure ......................................................................... 149 IV. ―The Three Dynasties Have Reemerged!‖: Guo Songtao and the Way of the West, 1877-1879 ....................................................................................................................... 162 iv Intellectual Profile and Career Before the Mission ........................................ 164 The Ryukyu Crisis and Margary Affair ........................................................... 175 Voyage to London ........................................................................................... 181 State and Society ............................................................................................. 186 Substantive Learning and How to Pursue it ................................................... 197 The Grand Patterns of History ....................................................................... 202 V. The Empire‘s Far-Reaching Strategist: Xue Fucheng‘s Native Synthesis of the West, 1890-1893 ....................................................................................................................... 216 The Guo and Xue Diaries ............................................................................... 221 Chinese Origins for Western Learning ........................................................... 230 Locating the West in China’s Past .................................................................. 241 Racial Consciousness and Geographical Determinism .................................. 252 Towards a Far-reaching Strategy ................................................................... 259 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 274 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 277 From the Envoy-Traveler to the Diplomat...................................................... 277 Three Modes of Narrating the West, 1860s-1890s ......................................... 279 Native Syntheses of the West ........................................................................... 291 Notes ............................................................................................................................... 298 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 338 v LIST OF TABLES Table I. Selected passages cut from Chushi taixi ji; page numbers are from Chushi taixi jiyao. ........................................................................................................................112 vi VITA 2007 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Major: Asian Studies 2009-2011 Teaching Assitant, University of California, San Diego 2012 Doctor of Philosophy, University of California, San Diego FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Modern Chinese History Minor Fields: Pre-Modern Chinese History Modern Japanese History Modern European History vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My advisors, Professor Esherick and Professor Pickowicz, gave me the warmest support throughout my graduate training. They led me to discover where I truly want to be, and gently guided me through my first – and perhaps most uncertain – part of the journey. Professor Schneewind commented on my entire manuscript extensively, and challenged me to think with more precision and breadth. Professors Weijing Lu, Richard Madsen, and Cynthia Truant read my entire manuscript and gave me invaluable comments. I would also like to thank all my graduate cohort and senior graduate students when I entered the program – especially Jeremy Brown, David Chang, Maggie Greene, Dahpon Ho, Matthew Johnson, Judd Kinzley, and Amy O‘Keefe – for giving me such a supportive community. Finally, I thank my husband, Joshua, who sparked my curiosity and inspired me to study Chinese history, and who gave much of his life to get me here. viii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Internalizing the West: Qing Envoys and Ministers in Europe, 1866-1893 by Zhengzheng Huangfu Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, San Diego, 2012 Professor Joseph Esherick, Co-Chair Professor Paul Pickowicz, Co-Chair This dissertation examines five missions sent by the Qing court to investigate Europe and engage in diplomacy between the Opium Wars and the Sino-Japanese War. How did the attitudes of Chinese officials towards the West change, and how did they conceptualize and internalize what they saw there? To address these questions, this study looks at the meeting of cultures from the Chinese point of view and revises the defunct ix ―Western impact, Chinese response‖ school of history by understanding the subaltern perspective. Diplomats were instructed to remit journals regularly to the court. Each chapter takes one diplomat‘s submissions as its subject. Chapter one focuses on Binchun‘s travels in 1866. He deployed a wide range of literary techniques to tame, feminize, and domesticate the West, treating it as an object of fantasy. Chapter two focuses on Zhigang‘s mission from 1868 to 1871. He concluded that the scientific and political achievements of the West were due to a superior application of Neo-Confucian principles. Chapter three focuses on Zhang Deyi‘s travels from 1866 to 1872.
Recommended publications
  • PHIL 3531: Topics in Chinese Philosophy: Huanglao Daoism Term 2, 2019

    PHIL 3531: Topics in Chinese Philosophy: Huanglao Daoism Term 2, 2019

    PHIL 3531: Topics in Chinese Philosophy: Huanglao Daoism Term 2, 2019 Time: Thur 9:30 am-12:15 pm Location: ELB 303 Course Overview This course examines one of the most neglected schools of ancient China: Huanglao Daoism. Arising in the late Warring States period, Huanglao reached its peak in the Han dynasty. The school is syncretic in nature, drawing upon the Legalist thought of Hanfeizi and Guanzi, the Daoist thought of Laozi, and the medical writings attributed to the Yellow Emperor. There is no central text used by this School but a selection of concepts that were discussed across a variety of texts, the most notable being: “law, standard” (fa 法), Dao 道, “punishment” (xing 刑), “virtue” (de 德), Qi 氣, Yin-Yang 陰陽, etc. These concepts were all used by the ruler as an expression of his authority and as a model for benevolent governance. The second half of the course focusses on Chinese medicine and its connection to Huanglao cosmology which saw humans as inseparable from and subject to the cycles of Nature and the spiritual power of Heaven. Advisory to Majors: to be taken in year 2 or above. Learning Outcomes 1. Become familiar with key philosophical concepts, arguments, and movements. 2. Develop your skill in reading philosophical texts. 3. Develop your critical thinking skills by discussing lecture materials in tutorials. 4. Learn how to research and write philosophical papers. Topics See lecture schedule below Learning Activities 1. Read and give thought to the assigned readings. 2. Develop the skills mentioned above in the Learning Outcomes.
  • Emptying the Mind and Stilling the Body Syncretism in the Concept of Self-Regulation in Chapter 22 of the Chunqiu Fanlu

    Emptying the Mind and Stilling the Body Syncretism in the Concept of Self-Regulation in Chapter 22 of the Chunqiu Fanlu

    Original Paper UDC 111:159.9.016.1(315) Received April 24th, 2014 Ivana Buljan University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ivana Lučića 3, HR–10000 Zagreb [email protected] Emptying the Mind and Stilling the Body Syncretism in the Concept of Self-Regulation in Chapter 22 of the Chunqiu fanlu Abstract The concept of shen 身, meaning a person in all his or her physiological, psychological, and sociological aspects, is an important concept in Chinese philosophy. What the nature of shen is, and consequently how to maintain, regulate, and cultivate one’s own body/self/ person, has been a prominent philosophical issue in China. This article examines how this issue was comprehended in Chapter 22, the “Tong guo shen” 通 國身 (“Linking the State and the Body”) chapter, of the important Chinese philosophical compendium the Chunqiu fanlu 春秋繁露, traditionally ascribed to Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 (c. 179 to 104 BCE). This article follows and expands upon research conducted by Sarah Queen, who suggested that some of the chapters of the unit to which the “Tong guo shen” belongs are character­ ised by a syncretic approach and suggest familiarity with inner-cultivation techniques. This article particularly focuses on syncretism in the notion of self­regulation in the “Tong guo shen” chapter. It examines the core principles, values, concepts, and ideas of self-regulation in the context of the Chunqiu fanlu’s earlier sources. Through an examination of texts and documents produced from the Spring and Autumn period to the end of the Eastern Han dy­ nasty, this paper reconstructs the idea of self-regulation through a mutually corroborative philological and philosophical analysis.
  • Mirror, Death, and Rhetoric: Reading Later Han Chinese Bronze Artifacts Author(S): Eugene Yuejin Wang Source: the Art Bulletin, Vol

    Mirror, Death, and Rhetoric: Reading Later Han Chinese Bronze Artifacts Author(S): Eugene Yuejin Wang Source: the Art Bulletin, Vol

    Mirror, Death, and Rhetoric: Reading Later Han Chinese Bronze Artifacts Author(s): Eugene Yuejin Wang Source: The Art Bulletin, Vol. 76, No. 3, (Sep., 1994), pp. 511-534 Published by: College Art Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3046042 Accessed: 17/04/2008 11:17 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=caa. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We enable the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Mirror, Death, and Rhetoric: Reading Later Han Chinese Bronze Artifacts Eugene Yuejin Wang a 1 Jian (looking/mirror), stages of development of ancient ideograph (adapted from Zhongwendazzdian [Encyclopedic dictionary of the Chinese language], Taipei, 1982, vi, 9853) History as Mirror: Trope and Artifact people.
  • Economic Cycles in Ancient China

    Economic Cycles in Ancient China

    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ECONOMIC CYCLES IN ANCIENT CHINA Yaguang Zhang Guo Fan John Whalley Working Paper 21672 http://www.nber.org/papers/w21672 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 October 2015 This paper is the second of a planned series examining the Chinese history of ancient economic thought in light of later Western thought. The first paper is Monetary Theory and Policy from a Chinese Historical Perspective which has been published in China Economic Review (Volume 26, September 2013, Pages 89-104.) This work is of importance in better understanding the Chinese policy response to the global issues of the day; the financial crisis, global warming and climate change. We acknowledge financial support from the Ontario Research Fund (ORF-F3), IDRC, and the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Waterloo Ontario. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2015 by Yaguang Zhang, Guo Fan, and John Whalley. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Economic Cycles in Ancient China Yaguang Zhang, Guo Fan, and John Whalley NBER Working Paper No. 21672 October 2015 JEL No. N1,N15 ABSTRACT We discuss business cycles in ancient China.
  • China in Deutschen Und Deutschland in Chinesischen Reiseberichten Vom Opiumkrieg Bis Zum Ersten Weltkrieg

    China in Deutschen Und Deutschland in Chinesischen Reiseberichten Vom Opiumkrieg Bis Zum Ersten Weltkrieg

    Wahrnehmung des Fremden: China in deutschen und Deutschland in chinesischen Reiseberichten Vom Opiumkrieg bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität zu Freiburg/Brsg. vorgelegt von Liu Jing aus Qinglong V. R. China WS 2000 / 2001 Gutacher: Herr Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Reinhard Gutacher: Herr Prof. Dr. Bernd Martin Tag der Prüfung: 12.07.2001 Danksagung Die Arbeit, die im Wintersemester 2000/01 von der Philosophischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität zu Freiburg i. Br. als Dissertation angenommen wurde, haben Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Reinhard und Prof. Dr. Bernd Martin betreut. Ihnen bin ich zu bleibendem Dank verpflichtet. Ich möchte an dieser Stelle Prof. Leatitia Böhm und PD Dr. Helmut Zedelmaier, die mich ursprünglich ermutigt, meine Aufmerksamkeit der Geschichte der deutsch-chinesischen Beziehungen zuzuwenden, den wärmsten Dank sagen. Für die Förderung der Allgemeinen Stiftung Freiburg und hier besonders des Stiftungsdirektors Lothar Böhler, Prof. Dr. Hellgard Rauh und Edith Wäger sei für ihre finanziellen Unterstützungen gedankt, was mir die Möglichkeit gab, ohne materielle Sorgen die Arbeit fertigzustellen und zu publizieren. Ein besonderes Wort des Dankes gilt einigen Freunden, Ursula Seidler, Günter Sokol, Sabine Schmidt und Margit Florl-Mahmoudi, die mir beim Korrekturlesen geholfen haben. Mein innigster Dank gilt jedoch meinem verstorbenen Bruder, ohne dessen Anteilnahme und Unterstützung, insbesondere bei der Beschaffung von chinesischem Material, ich meine Arbeit nicht hätte abschließen können. Freiburg, Oktober 2003 Liu Jing II Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Fragestellung und Methode 2 2. Deutschland und China: Ein historischer Überblick 14 2.1. Von den ersten Kontakten bis zum Zeitalter des Kolonialismus: Deutschland und seine Beziehung zu China 14 2.1.1.
  • Early Chinese Diplomacy: Realpolitik Versus the So-Called Tributary System

    Early Chinese Diplomacy: Realpolitik Versus the So-Called Tributary System

    realpolitik versus tributary system armin selbitschka Early Chinese Diplomacy: Realpolitik versus the So-called Tributary System SETTING THE STAGE: THE TRIBUTARY SYSTEM AND EARLY CHINESE DIPLOMACY hen dealing with early-imperial diplomacy in China, it is still next W to impossible to escape the concept of the so-called “tributary system,” a term coined in 1941 by John K. Fairbank and S. Y. Teng in their article “On the Ch’ing Tributary System.”1 One year later, John Fairbank elaborated on the subject in the much shorter paper “Tribu- tary Trade and China’s Relations with the West.”2 Although only the second work touches briefly upon China’s early dealings with foreign entities, both studies proved to be highly influential for Yü Ying-shih’s Trade and Expansion in Han China: A Study in the Structure of Sino-Barbarian Economic Relations published twenty-six years later.3 In particular the phrasing of the latter two titles suffices to demonstrate the three au- thors’ main points: foreigners were primarily motivated by economic I am grateful to Michael Loewe, Hans van Ess, Maria Khayutina, Kathrin Messing, John Kiesch nick, Howard L. Goodman, and two anonymous Asia Major reviewers for valuable suggestions to improve earlier drafts of this paper. Any remaining mistakes are, of course, my own responsibility. 1 J. K. Fairbank and S. Y. Teng, “On the Ch’ing Tributary System,” H JAS 6.2 (1941), pp. 135–246. 2 J. K. Fairbank in FEQ 1.2 (1942), pp. 129–49. 3 Yü Ying-shih, Trade and Expansion in Han China: A Study in the Structure of Sino-barbarian Economic Relations (Berkeley and Los Angeles: U.
  • Inner Enterprise (Guanzi, Neiye 管子。內業)

    Inner Enterprise (Guanzi, Neiye 管子。內業)

    “Early Chinese Thought” Course Readings (R. Eno) The Inner Enterprise (Guanzi, Neiye 管子。內業) Towards the close of the fourth century BCE the new ruling house of the state of Qi 齊 decided to strengthen its prestige by establishing an academy at its capital city of Linzi. This academy, which was located near a gate in the city wall known as the Jixia 稷下 Gate, was intended to serve as a magnet for intellectual talent that would both redound to the credit of the Qi rulers and also provide it with a promising group of young men from which to recruit government talent. This institution became known as the Jixia Academy, and it became the intellectual center of early third century China. Jixia was attractive to learned men of every variety. We do not know precisely how men came to receive appointments there, but it seems likely that all that was needed was for a master and his disciples to find a patron among the patricians of Qi to recommend an appointment to the ruler. If the Qi court deemed such a master worthy of installment among the wise men of Jixia, then he would receive from the ruling house a stipend sufficient for his needs – including his need to house and feed his disciples – and in return he would simply be expected to remain at Jixia, accepting disciples and participating in the ceremonial events of the Academy. Once the most famous masters of China were assembled at Jixia, young men came there in numbers to select a master and be trained in some tradition that would provide them with a path to employment, fame, or simply intellectual fulfillment.
  • Guanzi Yu Qi Wenhua [Guanzi and the Culture of Qi], Eds

    Guanzi Yu Qi Wenhua [Guanzi and the Culture of Qi], Eds

    ࡊጯኢᕍƟௐ 76 ഇƟϔ઼ 107 ѐ 6 ͡Ɵࢱ 31-60ڼ߆ ჯĈޥĮგ̄įາ઼छநኢ۞ચ၁ *ᝋ˧ะ֭̚಴ࢦۤົώវ ోᑕࣰ** ၡࢋ ώ͛ဘྏ޽΍आથ׹Ҍߋࡌጼ઼઼छඕၹ۞ႊតůӈଂѣ઼छ̝ ௡ᖐĂᖼڼຽଂྵᗫ೸۞߆هछ۞ໄ઼ځĂ֭ᄲט੤Ꭹ۞ֽޢᗖݭҌ Вᝋ˧ࡍ౅࣎ˠϠ߿۞າ઼छĄ҃Įგ̄į̳ڱࠎໂࠎૻ̂۞ะ̚Ъ ఍நăаᑕ࣎វᄃ઼छ۞ღૺၗ๕Ąߏ߇Ăٺ͹ૺĶЯķĂѣӄڼ߆۞ Ăତᜈኢ̈́Įგ̄į३۞͛ώᛳّăځώ͛А၆઼छඕၹ۞ᖼតซҖᄲ ڍ၆઼̚ѝഇ઼छ۞።Ϋࡁտјـ࿅ٺĂ࠹ણޢؠҜᄃ̰टౘࢗĄ̝ Ă၆Įგ̄į۞઼छநኢү˘ӔޘຐΫķ׶Ķ၆ྖķ۞֎ޥ৭дĶ֭ ώǕۤົᄃ࣎វბώд˟ٺĄТॡώ͛൴னĂĮგ̄į઼छநኢಧૄځ ĶЯึķăĶЯೈķ۞Ķ൑ࠎٺ۰ĞӖğბ݋ώڼϔଐˠّ̝Ӏच׶௚ ᄃĮგ̄įซҖ၆ྖĄهĂ࠽ਕᖣώវኢĞOntologyğ̝ໄޢķĄ౵ڼ̝ ᙯᔣෟĈĮგ̄įă઼छăᝋ˧ăۤົώវ ᛉĂֹώ͛ഴ͌৿εĄޙDOI:10.6166/TJPS.201806_(76).0002ĄຏᔁઠЩᆶߤˠ೩΍̝ * րઘି଱ĂE-mail: [email protected]Ąڼঔ̂ጯ߆ڌ ** ќቇ͟ഇĈ106 ѐ 10 ͡ 3 ͟ć఼࿅͟ഇĈ107 ѐ 3 ͡ 14 ͟ ჯĈ ోᑕࣰޥĮგ̄įາ઼छநኢ۞ચ၁ 32 ᝋ˧ะ֭̚಴ࢦۤົώវ ಥă݈֏ ႙ͽֽĂ֞ϔ઼ 10ă20 ѐ΃ĂͽĮΟΫᏰįࠎ८͕۞ႷΟጯఙڌҘጯ Ϋ˯੅ኢĞᜪܫಶڱજĂ၆઼̚˯ΟΫ೩΍ᚑᆖ߄ጼĂ઼̚˯ΟΫೀͼ൑ྻ ѐጯࢲͶតĂ̙ΪഅజĮΟΫᏰįٙԽᑝ۞ಜܕዯࣣĂ1987Ĉ59-66ğĄ1 ଘ జ።Ϋّ۞੅ኢĄــ˵Ăޓเܮ඲ࡈĂӈ ఺༊൒࠹༊ֶᏥ˞˯͵ࡔͽֽ̙ᕝ΍˿۞г˭҂Οྤफ़Ăͽྤҥ෠Ą ΟΫࡁտ۰Ă̂к้ШͽາϮጡॡ΃ͽࢫ̝г˭҂Οྤफ़ᄃ˯ΟثপҾ׌ ΃ć2 পҾߏआഈͽֽĂ̏ˬޓ΃۞็௚׏ᚱ࠹̢О෠Ă҃ҿᕝ̣ˬޓ̣ ׍˘ؠВТপᇈĄ3 ಶˠᙷጯ۞֎ځ൒ౌΞͽߏ።Ϋְ၁Ă֭ͷˬ΃۞͛ छĂҋߏ˘࣎ࢦࢋ۞ኝᗟĄˠᙷ͇Ϡҋ൒ົ઼זϔՅརႊซܐĂтңଂޘ ֏Ą҃Ķ઼छķ۞ԛјޞኢ۰ࠤкĂҋֽ̙̫ـϠ߿ĂΟ۞ົۤڼ࿅඾߆ Ϡ߿ໂ࿝Ă༊൒ໂࣃࡁտĄಶځˠᙷ͛זᄃតࢭĂᇆᜩטߏໂࠎॲώ۞౹ आĂࡗர઼छ۞ᗖԛ႙֞ޓາϮጡॡ΃Ặٺ༊఍ޓΟΫ҃֏Ăเ˯઼̚ གྷᑻࠎົۤڼĂᏉ߆ޘטࠎჩᅳטϣ̡ڱ؟ޙދથҌҘ׹Ăͽ̈́ޞј˞Ą Вᝋ˧ࠎ͹ࢋপᇈů̳ڱĂͽลᆸล৺̶ϲᄃЪޘטޙދߏ˯ڼᚤĂ4 ߆˘ ΊĄϤᜪዯࣣበᏭĂ͹ࢋჟৠߏ၆ 7 ۍௐ 1 ΊؕâВ΍ۍĮΟΫᏰįҋϔ઼ 15 ѐ΍ 1 ΟΫ۞ĶંΫķăĶં३ķΐͽᏰ୻ĂтᜪͩѣЩ۞Ķ௢ᆸౄјᄲķĂ޽΍઼̚Ο˯઼̚ ΫĂӮᛳৠྖ็ᄲĂ˜ߏĶંΫķĂ҃˫ѣధкĶંܫܧ΃׏ᚱ۞ᏜĶΟΫķĂ׎၁ౌ Ăឰ఺჌ႷۍĄĮΟΫᏰį̝΍ܫ३ķĂ࠹̢ࠎধĄтĂ̂ࡈߏ˘୧̂ᖪĂಜ඲Ϻ̙Ξ Ϋ៍Ă឵ј˘ͯࢲሗĂԛТ˘࣎ጯఙྻજĄ̈́ޘጯၗڼΟ۞ ķĂ݋ᙉրѣ̙ٙТĂ̫̂кͽΦ੺ޓĶ̣ٺٙᏜĶˬ΃ķĂ޽आથ׹ĂШࠎ఼ᄲćҌ 2 ㏩ůಜů඲Ąޓůᗡ࿳ůޓώࡔįٙЕࠎ໤ĂӈเޓዏĮΫ੃Ć̣ ጯࢲĂ̈́ڍҋĮΟΫᏰį̫֞ĂপҾг˭҂Οྤफ़̂ณ΍˿Ăᇆᜩ˞઼̚ΟΫ۞ࡁտј 3 ఺͞ࢬ۞੅ኢΞણ҂Նϒ౼Ğ1992Ĉ3-26ğĄ ˢ੅ኢĂ̷҃ޘ֎۞ځᅚጡᄃԒఙ͛ܦѣᙯआથ׹ˬ΃ۤົ׍ВТপᇈĂૺЍۡഅଂ 4 ϡᚑ˘බ۞ྖඕԍĂᚑ˘බ̠ĈĶტ៍ˬ΃̼͛Ă׽ѣளТ̝఍ĂϏ⻇ຫৈ࠹ЯĂವ͔ ܕኳ᏷ྫ˯࠻ֽĂˬ΃۞̼͛ߏ࠹ۏؠĶଂۺ׎ώ݋˘ਔ࠹ٚĂϏဘѣត஘ķĄૺЍۡ ณ۞ֽ໚˧ڼԛјᄃ௚عĂᓂ൒̙ߏТ˘ϔ୉ĂҌ͌ߏТ˘ᙷ۞ϔ୉ķĄĶˬ΃۞߆۞ ࠎᇾ۞੅ኢĂ̙࿅ĂՆϒ౼ݒטϣ̡ڱ؟ޙދߏ࠹Ҭ۞ķĄ༊൒ĂૺЍ֭ۡϏۡତͽ˵
  • A Study of Shen Dao

    A Study of Shen Dao

    慎到 A STUDY OF SHEN DAO John Emerson Copyright 2012 John Emerson [email protected] SHEN DAO: MYSTIC AND BUREAUCRAT I Shen Dao was a member of the Jixia Academy in Qi during the Hundred Schools era, sometime between 350 BC and 275 BC. Xunzi criticized him, Xunzi’s student Han Feizi acknowledged him as one of three masters of Legalism (along with Shang Yang and Shen Buhai), and the author of the Tianxia chapter of Zhuangzi discussed him at some length. Details about his life are scanty and uncertain, but at least we can be sure that he existed and was not purely legendary. The Hundred Schools era was perhaps the most fertile period in the history of Chinese philosophy, but because of censorship and the destruction of war, few of its texts survive, usually in heavily-edited late versions, and many figures are known only as names attached to anecdotes. In the case of Shen Dao, the available material consists of a late text called the Shenzi, the three discussions mentioned above, and scattered quotations and anecdotes of widely differing value. Thompson has carefully edited the materials that remain and I have used his text. Shen Dao is classified sometimes as a Daoist, sometimes as a Legalist, and sometimes as a follower of Huanglao, but these late retrospective classifications are not very helpful. There were no organized Daoist, Legalist, or Huanglao schools comparable to the Mohist and Confucian schools, and in effect, these classifications merely serve to lump tendencies. Insofar as these three labels mean anything, they are probably all applicable to Shen Dao.1 Given the decimation of the sources, it’s hard to discuss the history of Chinese philosophy during that era without the help of speculative assumptions.
  • Report Title 16. Jahrhundert 17. Jahrhundert 18. Jahrhundert

    Report Title 16. Jahrhundert 17. Jahrhundert 18. Jahrhundert

    Report Title - p. 1 Report Title 16. Jahrhundert 1583 Geschichte : China - Europa : England Elizabeth I. schreibt einen Brief an den Kaiser von China um Kontakt aufzunehmen. [Hsia8:S. 220] 1596-1597 Geschichte : China - Europa : England Elizabeth I. schickt drei Schiffe nach China und gibt Benjamin Wood einen Brief an den Kaiser mit. Die Schiffe erleiden Schiffbruch im Golf von Martaban, Burma. [Hsia8:S. 220,LOC] 17. Jahrhundert 1625 Geschichte : China - Europa : England Engländer erreichen die chinesische Küste. [Wie 1] 1637 Geschichte : China - Europa : England Die ersten englischen Schiffe kommen an der Küste von Süd-Ost China an. [Stai 1] 1683-1684 Geschichte : China - Europa : England William Dampier durchquert die chinesischen Meere. [Boot] 1698-1701 Geschichte : China - Europa : England James Cunningham reist 1698 als Arzt einer Fabrik der British E.I. Company nach Amoy [Xiamen]. 1699 wird er Fellow der Royal Society und reist 1700 wieder nach China. 1701 erreicht er die Insel Chusan [Zhoushan]. 1699 Geschichte : China - Europa : England / Wirtschaft und Handel Gründung der British East India Company in China, was den Handel mit Hong Kong fördert. [Wik] 18. Jahrhundert 1766 Geschichte : China - Europa : England James Lind besucht Guangzhou und sammelt chinesische Gegenstände und Bücher. [Kit1:S. 59] Report Title - p. 2 1774-1784 Geschichte : China - Europa : England Huang Yadong hält sich in England auf. He is described as Wang-y-Tong, who worked as a page in the John Frederick Sackville's household at Knole and attended the local Sevenoaks School. Huang Yadong is known to have visited the naturalists Mary Delany and the Duchess of Portland at the latter’s country seat of Bulstrode, discussing Chinese plants and their uses with them.
  • Missionaries and Secret Societies During the Anti

    Missionaries and Secret Societies During the Anti

    MISSIONARIES AND SECRET SOCIETIES DURING THE ANTI- CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT —FRANCISCAN MISSIONARIES IN ENSHI IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY XIANG HONGYAN (B.A. History, Wuhan University) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS —————————————————————————————————— Many people have contributed to my thesis in different ways. It is my pleasure to be able to acknowledge my indebtedness to them. During the early phase of my research, Father Alex Coenen assisted my work in obtaining valuable mission sources in Franciscan archive center at Sint-Truiden of Belgium. Father Antonio Eguiguren of Ferdinand Verbiest Institute in Catholic University of Leuven offered me much help during my fieldtrip to Leuven. He not only introduced more archives to me, but also put me in touch with other scholars in Leuven. During my fieldtrip to China, Father Li Xiaoguo of Enshi Catholic church not only helped me to collect precious archive sources, but also accompanied me to visit churches and places where anti-Christian incidents took place. In the translation of French, Italian and Latin documents, I owe thanks to Duffie D Anglemont de Tassigny Pierre Yves. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to my supervisor Thomas David Dubois of National University of Singapore. He has given me much support during my master study, both emotionally and academically. Whenever I have questions, I only need to knock the door of his office, and he would listen to me and give me suggestions that I need. He helped me to identify potential problems of my thesis and guided me to polish its structure.
  • Appropriating the West in Late Qing and Early Republican China / Theodore Huters

    Appropriating the West in Late Qing and Early Republican China / Theodore Huters

    Tseng 2005.1.17 07:55 7215 Huters / BRINGING THE WORLD HOME / sheet 1 of 384 Bringing the World Home Tseng 2005.1.17 07:55 7215 Huters / BRINGING THE WORLD HOME / sheet 2 of 384 3 of 384 BringingÕ the World HomeÕ Appropriating the West in Late Qing 7215 Huters / BRINGING THE WORLD HOME / sheet and Early Republican China Theodore Huters University of Hawai‘i Press Honolulu Tseng 2005.1.17 07:55 © 2005 University of Hawai‘i Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Huters, Theodore. Bringing the world home : appropriating the West in late Qing and early Republican China / Theodore Huters. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8248-2838-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Chinese literature—20th century—History and criticism. 2. Chinese literature—20th century—Western influences. I. Title. PL2302.H88 2005 895.1’09005—dc22 2004023334 University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid- free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. The open-access ISBN for this book is 978-0-8248-7401-8. More information about the initiative and links to the open-access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. The open-access version of this book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY- NC-ND 4.0), which means that the work may be freely downloaded and shared for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author.