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Principales Altitudes En Asia

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PRINCIPALES ALTITUDES EN ASIA LOS HIMALAYAS El Himalaya es una cordillera situada en el continente asiático, y se extiende por los países de Bután, China, Nepal e India. Su nombre procede del sánscrito jimālaia, palabra compuesta por jimá: ‘nieve’ y alaia: ‘morada, lugar’. Es la cordillera más alta de la Tierra, con diez de las catorce cimas de más de 8000 metros de altura, incluyendo el Everest, con sus 8848 msnm, la montaña más alta del planeta. En un sentido amplio se menciona como «sistema de los Himalayas» al sistema de montañas compuesto por las cordilleras del Himalaya, Karakórum, Hindu Kush y diversas otras subcordilleras que se extienden a partir del Nudo del Pamir y sus subcordilleras adyacentes, y que forman un arco de oeste a este de 2400 kilómetros, y cuya anchura de norte a sur varía desde los 400 kilómetros en la zona más occidental, entre Cachemira y Xinjiang, hasta los 150 km al este, entre la parte oriental del Tíbet y el estado indio de Arunachal Pradesh Este sistema montañoso se extendería por siete Estados, sumando Afganistán, Birmania y Pakistán a los ya mencionados, e incluiría a las 14 montañas de la Tierra con una altitud mayor de 8000 msnm. Para comprender la enorme escala de este sistema basta considerar que el Aconcagua, en los Andes, con sus 6962 msnm es la montaña más alta del mundo fuera del Sistema de los Himalayas, conjunto que cuenta con más de 100 picos que superan al cerro argentino. En el Himalaya nacen algunos de los mayores ríos del mundo como son el Ganges, Indo, Brahmaputra, Yamuna y Yangtsé, en cuyos cauces viven no menos de 1300 millones de personas. Las montañas del Himalaya han influido profundamente en las culturas de Asia del Sur y muchas de ellas son consideradas sagradas para el Hinduismo o el Budismo. El monte Everest – 8848 MSNM Es la montaña más alta del planeta Tierra con una altura de 8.848 metros sobre el nivel del mar.1 Está localizada en el Himalaya, en el continente asiático, y marca la frontera entre Nepal y China. En Nepal es llamada Sagarmāthā (“La frente del cielo”) y en China Chomolungma o Qomolangma Feng (“Madre deluniverso”). La montaña fue nombrada en honor de George Everest, geógrafo galés, en 1865. El K2 - 8611 MSNM También conocido como Chogori / Qogir, Ketu / Kechu, y Monte Godwin - Austen) es una montaña perteneciente a la cordillera del Karakórum, una sección del Himalaya, localizada en la frontera entre Pakistán El K2 es conocido como la montaña salvaje debido a la dificultad de ascenderla y por ser la segunda en porcentaje de fatalidades Kanchenjunga 8586 MSNM Se traduce como "Los cinco tesoros de las nieves", ya que la montaña tiene cinco picos, cuatro de ellos por encima de los 8.450 metros. Los tesoros representan los cinco repositorios de Dios, que son oro, plata, gemas, cereal y libros sagrados. LHOTSE 8516 MSNM Es la cuarta montaña más alta de la Tierra, sólo situada detrás del Everest, del K2 y del Kangchenjunga y se halla muy cerca y conectada al Everest a través del Collado Sur. Lhotse significa literalmente “Pico Sur” en tibetano. Además de la cumbre principal, con una altitud de 8.516 msnm Makalu- 8463 MSNM. Su nombre proviene del sánscrito, que significa Montaña Negra. Por otra parte, no es casualidad que Maha Kala en tibetano significa El gran negro que resulta una descripción muy adecuada de la gran pirámide rocosa, cuando ésta es barrida por el viento. Es la quinta montaña más alta de la Tierra con una altitud de 8.463 msnm. PRINCIPALES ALTITUDES EN AMERICA Aconcagua (Argentina)- 6960.8 MSNM El cerro Aconcagua es una montaña ubicada íntegramente en la Provincia de Mendoza, en el oeste de la Argentina. Integra la cordillera Frontal, un sistema orográfico paralelo a la cordillera Principal, la cual es un componente de la cordillera de los Andes. Con una altitud de Occidental Ojos del Salado (Argentina - Chile)- 6891.3 MSNM El nevado Ojos del Salado es un estratovolcán enclavado sobre el límite entre Argentina y Chile, perteneciente a la cordillera de los Andes. Con sus 6891,3 msnm, es el volcán más alto del mundo,y la segunda cima más alta de los hemisferios sur y occidental, siendo sólo superado por el Aconcagua. Huascarán (Perú)- 6768 MSNM El Huascarán es un macizo nevado ubicado en la cordillera Occidental de los Andes peruanos, en la Provincia de Yungay, dentro de la región Áncash, en el sector denominado Cordillera Blanca. Posee tres picos: la cumbre norte con 6555 msnm, la cumbre sur con 6768 msnm (22 205 pies), siendo este el punto más elevado del país y de toda la zona intertropical; y la cumbre del Chopicalqui al este, con 6354 msnm 4. Llullaillaco (Argentina - Chile)- 6739 MSNM El Llullaillaco es un estratovolcán ubicado en la Cordillera de los Andes, en la frontera de Argentina y Chile, entre la Provincia de Salta y la Región de Antofagasta. Considerado el "techo del Desierto de Atacama" posee una altitud de 6739 msnm Sajama (Bolivia)- 6544 MSNM El Nevado Sajama es un estratovolcán en Bolivia, ubicado en el Parque Nacional Sajama al oeste del país en el departamento de Oruro. Forma parte de la Cordillera Occidental y es el pico más alto del país (6544 msnm). Las laderas del nevado se encuentran habitadas por la queñua (Polylepis tarapacana), formando un bosque abierto y achaparrado, el cual es considerado como uno de los bosques más altos del mundo. No se tiene con certeza la fecha de su última erupción, sin embargo, se le considera un volcán extinto. Ausangate (Perú)- 6384 MSNM Su altitud máxima es de 6.372 msnm. Está situada a unos 100 kilómetros al sudeste de la ciudad del Cusco. Se sitúa en la cordillera de los andes, en un tramo denominado cordillera de Vilcanota, correspondiente a la región Cusco en el Perú. Su principal cima está a 6,384 metros sobre el nivel del mar con lagunas grandes con un color verde/azul luminoso. Chimborazo (Ecuador)- 6268 MSNM El Chimborazo es el volcán y montaña más alta de Ecuador y el punto más alejado del centro de la Tierra, es decir el punto más cercano al espacio exterior, razón por la cual es llamado como «el punto más cercano al Sol», debido a que el diámetro terrestre en la latitud ecuatorial es mayor que en la latitud del Everest (aproximadamente 28º al norte). Su última erupción conocida se cree que se produjo alrededor del 550 dC.6 Está situado en los Andes centrales, 150 km al sudoeste de Quito y 20 Km al noreste de Riobamba. McKinley (Alaska, Estados unidos)- 6194 MSNM El monte McKinley, también conocido como Denali por los "atabascos" (nativos de origen esquimal), es el pico más alto de Norte América y Estados Unidos, con 6194 msnm Monte Logan (Canadá)- 5959 MSNM Es la montaña más alta de Canadá y la segunda más alta de toda Norteamérica después del Monte McKinley, en Alaska. Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba) –México 5747 MSNM Es un volcán ubicado en los límites territoriales de los estados mexicanos de Puebla y Veracruz. Es el volcán y la montaña más alta de México, con una altitud de 5610 msnm, aunque la Sociedad Geográfica Nacional marca una altura de 5747 msnm. El Popocatépetl – 5500 MSNM – MÉXICO En náhuatl: popocatepetl, ‘el cerro que humea’‘popoca, humear; tepetl, cerro’. Es el segundo volcán más alto de México, con una altitud máxima de 5500 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Mantiene frecuente actividad y se espera en el mediano plazo, una explosión. .
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  • Water Availability, Protected Areas, and Natural Resources in The

    Water Availability, Protected Areas, and Natural Resources in The

    MOUNTAINRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT,VOL. 17, No. 3, 1997, PP. 229-238 WATERAVAILABILITY, PROTECTED AREAS, AND NATURAL RESOURCES INTHE ANDEAN DESERT ALTIPLANO BRUNO MESSERLI, MARTIN GROSJEAN, AND MATHIAS VUILLE Institute of Geography Universityof Berne, Hallerstrasse12 CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland ABSTRACTThe arid Andes between 18? and 30? South are located in the transition zone between the tropical and westerly circulation belts. Precipitation rates are lower than 150-200 mm/yr. Resultsfrom paleoclimatic and isotope hydrologic research suggest that modern recharge of the water resources in this area is very limited, or even below the level of detection. The groundwater resources of today were formed when precipitation rates were greater than at present by a factor of 2.5. Thus, water is a resource that is renewed extremely slowly,or is even non-renewable. The distribution of mountain protected areas along the 7,500 km Andean Cordilleraand the extent of the arid diagonal, the zone of extremely low precipitation that crosses from the western flank in southern Ecuador and Peru to the eastern flank in Argentina, are compared. This indicates the very low density of protected areas within the arid diagonal and the potential for endangerment of diversity in this highly sensitive, dynamic, and harsh environment. Scientific knowledge about the age and origin of water resourcesand maps of water protection zones are the basic elements required for decision making. This type of information should help to resolve the growing conflict between the users of water, especially between the expanding mining industry,conservationists, and local communities concerned with the integrity of the fragile mountain ecosystems.