Watching the Watchdog 2.0 NTV7

Section 1: Coverage of Political Parties and Coalitions 1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

USNO 0.00 0.00 Other 0.00 0.00 PDP 0.00 0.00 STAR 0.21 0.21 SUPP 0.32 0.32 PCM 0.32 0.32 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.32 0.53 Gerakan 0.84 0.95 UPKO 1.06 1.06 MIC 1.27 1.80 Warisan 1.90 2.64 MCA 2.96 3.80 PAS 4.96 5.28 UMNO 7.71 8.24 BN 30.83 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

• BN received the most coverage (30.83%), followed by PKR (8.24%) and UMNO (7.71%).

Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Independent 0.70

GS 6.72

BN 62.04

PH 30.53

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

• Once parties/coalitions’ coverage volumes are combined, BN received the highest level of coverage (52.98%), followed by PH (30.00%) and GS (15.74 %).

1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions Attacked Positive 3% 14%

Negative 8%

Neutral 75%

• The Neutral tone was used the most (75%), followed by Positive (14%) and Negative (8%).

Figure 4.1: Attacked Political Party & Coalition Coverage

STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 AMANAH 0.00 UPKO 0.00 UMNO 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PH 0.00 PKR 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 PBB 0.00 PAS 0.00 MIC 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 MCA 6.25 Gerakan 9.38 DAP 15.63 BN 28.13 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

• BN was attacked the most (28.13%), followed by DAP (15.63%) and Gerakan (9.38%).

Figure 4.2: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage

STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 UPKO 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 MIC 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 PBB 2.47 The Government 3.70 Warisan 3.70 PH 3.70 Gerakan 3.70 PAS 4.94 MCA 4.94 AMANAH 6.17 The Opposition 9.88 BN 12.35 DAP 13.58 PKR 14.81 UMNO 16.05 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

• UMNO received the most negative coverage (16.05%), followed by PKR (14.81%) and DAP (13.58%).

Figure 5.1: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage

STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 AMANAH 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBRS 0.00 PBB 0.00 MIC 0.00 MCA 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gerakan 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 PBS 1.64 DAP 1.64 UPKO 2.46 PH 2.46 PAS 3.28 PKR 4.92 UMNO 5.74 BN 58.20 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

• BN received the most positive coverage (58.20%), followed by UMNO (5.74%) and PKR (4.92%).

Figure 5.2: Neutral Political Party & Coalition Coverage

USNO 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 PSM 0.00 PDP 0.00 PBB 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 STAR 0.31 PRS 0.31 PCM 0.31 SUPP 0.46 PRM 0.46 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.46 Gerakan 0.61 SAPP 0.76 UPKO 1.22 PBS 1.22 PBRS 1.38 MIC 1.68 Warisan 2.45 PPBM 2.45 AMANAH 3.21 MCA 3.67 DAP 3.98 PH 4.28 PAS 5.66 UMNO 7.34 PKR 8.87 BN 28.75 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

• BN received the most Neutral coverage (28.75%), followed by PKR (8.87%) and UMNO (7.34%).

Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

7.16 4.08 GS 5.13 0.00

1.25 0.00 Independent 0.00 0.00

36.14 11.22 PH 53.85 26.32

55.46 84.69 BN 41.03 73.68

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00

Neutral Positive Negative Attacked

• PH received the most Negative coverage, while BN received the most coverage for Neutral, Positive, and Attacked.

Section 2: Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures 2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Lim Guan Eng 1.37

Tian Chua 2.01

Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 5.56

Mahathir Mohamad 7.23

Najib Razak 17.17

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00

• Only the top 5 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph. • Out of these 5, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion (17.17%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad (7.23%).

Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

BN 27%

Others 55%

PH 17% GS 1% • When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and merged into their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitions is skewed towards Independent/ Others parties (55%).

2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 1.43

Salleh Said Keruak 2.24

Mahathir Mohamad 3.88

Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 8.37

Najib Razak 22.04

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

• Only the top 5 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph. • Out of these 5, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion (22.04%), followed by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (8.37%).

Figure 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

BN 40%

Others 52%

GS PH 1% 7% • When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and merged into their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitions is skewed towards Independent/ Others parties (52%).

2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures Negative Attacked Positive 8% 2% 16%

Neutral 74% • Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, the neutral category was used the most often (74%), followed by the positive category (16%).

Figure 12.1: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Musa Aman 3.30

Shafie Apdal 5.49

Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 6.59

Mahathir Mohamad 10.99

Najib Razak 18.68

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00

• In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received the most negative coverage (18.68%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad (10.99%).

Figure 12.2: Attacked Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Najib Razak 10.53

Mahathir Mohamad 57.89

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

• Mahathir Mohamad was the most attacked (57.89%), followed by Najib Razak (10.53%).

Figure 13.1: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Hadi Awang 2.20

Musa Aman 2.75

Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 3.30

Anwar Ibrahim 5.49

Najib Razak 34.62

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00

• In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received the most positive coverage (34.62%) followed by Anwar Ibrahim (5.49%).

Figure 13.2: Neutral Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Lim Guan Eng 1.88

Tian Chua 2.93

Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 5.99

Mahathir Mohamad 6.46

Najib Razak 12.09

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

• Najib Razak received the most neutral coverage (12.09%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad (6.46%).

Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other Attacked 31.82 Neutral 61.15

Negative 45.74 Others Positive 42.16 Attacked 0.00 Neutral 1.06 GS Negative 0.00 Positive 3.24 Attacked 54.55 Neutral 16.08 PH Negative 24.47 Positive 9.73 Attacked 13.64 Neutral 21.71

BN Negative 29.79 Positive 44.86 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 Overall, Independent/ Others received the most neutral coverage whereas BN received the most positive coverage. PH received the most attacked coverage.

2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative Campaigning Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' Most Often?

Hadi Awang 2.44

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 3.66

Hishamuddin Hussein 4.88

Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 6.10

Najib Razak 36.59

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00

• This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. • Najib Razak was the politicians most likely to engage in attack politics (36.59%), followed by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (6.10%) and Hishamuddin Hussein (4.88%).

Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?

BN 40%

Others 51%

GS PH 1% 8% • This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. • Overall, Independent/Other parties (51%) coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than BN (40%) and PH (8%).

Section 3: Coverage of Issues 3.1. Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs Non-Policy Issues Figure 17: Coverage of Policy vs Non-Policy Issues

Policy Issues 28%

Non-policy Issues 72%

Note: Non-policy issues were far more covered than policy issues.

Figure 18: Policy Issues Oppressive Religion Legislation 1% Vision 14% 20% National Security 3% Environment Foreign Policy 4% 11%

Education 4%

Economy/Develop ment 43% Note: Economy/Development received the most coverage, followed by Vision and Oppressive Legislation.

Figure 18.1: Breakdown of Vision/Policy/Programme Other 1Malaysia PH Manifesto 2% 14% 6% TN50 2%

BN Manifesto 76% Note: BN Manifesto received the most coverage, while Gagasan received no coverage at all. 1Malaysia and PH Manifesto were the two other most covered topics.

Figure 18.2: breakdown of Economy/Development Issues Other 1MDB Housing 3% 12% 11%

Welfare 25% Infrastructure 25%

Poverty Inflation/GST 2% 3% Growth 19% Note: GST only accounted for a small percentage. Welfare and Infrastructure were two of the most covered topics by NTV7.

Figure 19: Non-Policy Issues Ethnicity Electioneering 12% 17% Religion Democracy & 1% Gender Human Rights 1% 4% Mudslinging 4% Socioeconomic sectors 18%

Territory 43% Note: Territory was the largest, but primarily due to the fact that any news piece that mentioned anyone from any territory was tagged with the “Territory” tag – so there may have been overlap of the data with other categories.

Other Cost of living 8% 4% Middle class/Professionals Rural 12% 5% Working class Urban 13% 4% Senior Citizens/Retirees Aristocracy/Monarchy 5% 1% Civil service FELDA 3% 2%

Military and police 43% Figure 19.1: Breakdown of Socioeconomic Sectors

Note: Military and police received the most coverage, followed by the Working class and Middle Class/Professionals sector.

Figure 19.2: Breakdown of Territory Issues

Semenanjung/Sabah/Sarawak 10

Bangsa Johor 4

Sabah Independence 0

Sarawak Independence 0

Terengganu 18

Selangor 21

Sarawak 12

Sabah 57

Penang 31

Perlis 6

Perak 22

Pahang 11

Negeri Sembilan 12

Malacca 3

Kelantan 11

Kedah 19

Johor 21

Putrajaya 2

Labuan 1

Kuala Lumpur 20

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Note: Sabah received the most coverage, followed by Penang and Perak. Sabah/Sarawak Independence did not receive any coverage at all.