Ethnic Patriotism and the East African Revival: a History of Dissent, C

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02116-7 - Ethnic Patriotism and the East African Revival: A History of Dissent, c. 1935–1972 Derek R. Peterson Index More information

Index

abolitionism, 105–106 of Rwenzururu movement, 271–272 , accountability, 39–40 , 64 , 105–106 , 107 , 276–277 123–125 , 183–185 , 236–240 of Tanzania, 27–28 , 152 African Association, 189 in Tumutumu mission, 203–206 African Orthodox Church, 86–87 in Uganda, 28–29 African Religions and Philosophies Arthur, John, 204 (Mbiti), 8–9 Arusha Declaration, 14 , 170 African theology, 6–12 , 150 Askwith, Tom, 237 Ajuoga, Matthew, 147 , 150 autobiography See also Johera as exemplary, 199–203 Alexander, David William, 86 in Mau Mau detention camps, 236–246 Amba (people), 262–263 . of Mau Mau guerillas, 195–196 See also Rwenzururu in post-genocide Rwanda, 289–291 Amin, Idi, 271 production of, 195–196 Anderson, Benedict, 251 and the Revival, 1 , 5 , 30 , 43–44 , 98–101 , Anglican church 116–119 , 125–126 , 143–144 , 184–185 , and African Orthodox Church, 87 198–199 , 206–214 , 277 , 293 and Bataka Union, 87–88 , 92–93 scholarship on, 197–198 , 215–216 leadership of, 84–85 Ayany, Samuel, 24 , 144–145 and the Revival, 74 , 95 , 100–101 and Rwenzururu, 269 Bahati, David, 282 , 286 in Toro, 258–259 . Bakewell, Lionel, 108 , 112 , 115 , See also missionaries 117–118 , 142 Angola, 42 Bakonzo Life History Research Society, Ankole (kingdom) 263–266 , 269 . See also Konzo (people) discretion in, 73 Balaba, Ezekieli, 115 , 141 ethnic confl ict in, 284 Balamba, Daudi, 108 , 121–125 , 144 Revival in, 62–63 , 71–72 , 73 Balya, Aberi, 84 , 258–259 anthropology, 9–12 banana farming, 85–86 , 154–155 Anti-Homosexuality Bill, 282 , 286 Barongo, Edward, 174 , 176 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 37 Bawalana, Timosewo, 31–32 , 249–250 , 252 , archives 272 , 274–280 . See also Rwenzururu of Hans Cory, 107–108 Bataka Union, 23 , 80–81 of Kenya, 27–28 and Buganda’s hierarchy, 86–93 management of, 30–32 and church history, 86–87 of Revival, 13 , 45–47 , 108 and decorum, 88–90

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02116-7 - Ethnic Patriotism and the East African Revival: A History of Dissent, c. 1935–1972 Derek R. Peterson Index More information

336 Index

Bataka Union (cont.) litigation in, 179–180 , 193–194 and diplomacy, 90–93 political hierarchy of, 155–156 and disturbances of 1949, 101–102 population of, 161–162 , 188–189 and gender, 96–97 and prostitution, 21–22 , 157–166 , history writing of, 23 , 79 , 87–88 , 96–97 170–173 , 221 and Kabaka, 88 , 92 , 101–102 Revival in, 181–194 and Lady Irene, 102–103 Tanganyika African National Union in, origins of, 85–88 167–168 and Revival, 100–101 villagization in, 175–176 See also Buganda ; Miti, Jemusi ; See also Haya (people) Mukasa, Reuben Spartas ; Mulumba, Bunyan, John, 12–13 , 37 , 50 , 201 . Semakula See also Pilgrim’s Progress, The beer, 121–123 Bunyore Welfare Society, 132 bicycles, 40–41 Bunyoro, 252–253 , 264 , 286 , 287 Bjorklund, Diane, 197 Burundi, 108–109 , 118 , 268 Buchman, Frank, 237 Buganda (kingdom), 287 Cambridge University, 17 , 47–48 and Agreement of 1900, 86 , 87 Cambridge University Library, 3 , 195 bataka in, 85–86 cattle, 123–125 bicycles in, 40–41 Chatterjee, Partha, 26 dissolution of, 13–14 chiefs, 22 , 66–69 , 108–109 , 121–122 , 135 , grandfathers in, 89 139–140 , 145–146 history writing in, 78–79 , 87–88 , 96–97 , Chalmers, Thomas, 105 250–251 Chambers, George, 118 independence of, 78 , 250–251 Church, Howard, 237–238 and Kabaka, 88 , 89 , 286–287 Church, Joe, 42 , 45–47 , 48 , 62 , 115 , 118 , labor migrants in, 79–80 , 109–112 119 , 207 , 237 postal system in, 44–45 Church of Christ in Africa. See Johera radicals in, 80–81 , 85–93 Church of Scotland Mission, 199–200 . restoration of, 286–287 See also missionaries Revival in, 45 , 81 , 93–101 , 127 Church of the Holy Spirit, 181 , 187–194 . and Swahili, 83 See also Bukoba ; Revival and Uganda’s independence, 255–256 Churchill, Winston, 78 See also Ganda (people) class formation, 221–224 Bugufi (Tanganika), 29 ‘closer union’ controversy, 85 agriculture in, 112–114 Cole, Henry, 7–8 beer in, 121–123 Coleman, James, 15 and Burundi, 108–109 colonial government cattle in, 123–125 and Bataka Union, 102 Christianity in, 114–115 and elections, 166–168 , 189 , 253–254 evangelists from, 42–43 in Kigezi, 66–69 Islam in, 114–115 and ‘rehabilitation’ of Mau Mau detainees, and labor migration, 107 , 109–114 , 181 236–246 , 291 and marriage, 111–114 and Nyabingi cult, 56–60 , 72–73 Pentecostalism in, 117–121 and Revival, 2–3 , 12–13 , 68–69 , 101 political hierarchy of, 108–109 , 121–125 and Toro, 253–256 , 260 Revival in, 107 , 114 , 115–125 , 127 Comaroff, John and Jean, 11 See also Hangaza (people) Common Man’s Charter, The , 14 . Bukoba (Tanganyika) See also Obote, Milton agronomy of, 154–155 Congo, 268 elections in, 166–168 conversion frontiers of, 188–192 and autobiography, 206–213 and labor migration, 109 , 181–182 as critical practice, xiii–xiv , 6 , 12–13

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and court procedure, 181–185 Ensor, Mabel, 83 , 100 and interiority, 11 Epprecht, Marc, 282 in Mau Mau detention camps, 237–241 eschatology, 62–65 , 249–250 and moral authority, 187–188 , 208 , in contemporary East Africa, 251–252 258–259 in Rwenzururu, 274–280 and non-conformism, 12–13 , 19–20 , See also time 36 , 65–74 , 76–77 , 93–101 , 143–150 , ethnicity, 3–4 , 21–22 , 26 , 133–136 , 185–192 , 211–214 , 258–259 158–166 , 224–225 , 257–258 . in scholarship, 6–13 See also patriotism and time, 6 , 23–24 , 62–65 , 249–252 , 272 , 274–280 female circumcision controversy, Cory, Hans, 107–108 , 111 , 113 , 122–123 , 204–205 , 217 174 , 179 fences, 17–19 , 137 cultural nationalism, 165–166 , Fields, Karen, 12 285–286 , 288 Foot, Dingle, 254 Culwick, Arthur, 156 , 161 Fort Hall (Kenya), 233 , 240 Frazer, J.G., 7–8 Dar es Salaam, 13 , 28 , 131 , 132 , 157 , 158 , frontiers, 51–52 , 79–80 , 188–193 161 , 163 , 164 , 172 , 177 , 180 , 189 population of, 22 Gahini (Rwanda), 40 , 46 , 80 , 117 , 182 decorum origins of Revival in, 60–62 British standards of, 82–83 Ganda (people) in Buganda, 19 , 81–83 , 88–90 , 97–101 , Christianity of, 95–96 127 decorum of, 19 , 81–83 , 88–90 , in Bukoba, 155–157 , 190–193 97–101 , 127 in central Kenya, 18 , 212–214 language of, 83–84 and Johera church, 146–150 marriages of, 19 , 95–101 in Kigezi, 69–76 , 127 and the Revival, 45 , 81 , 93–101 , 127 in Nyanza, 131–136 , 141–150 See also Buganda and the Revival, 19–20 , 69–74 , 98–101 , Gikoyo, Gucu wa, 226 143–150 , 190–193 , 212–214 , 258–262 , Gikuyu (people) 292–293 autobiographies of, 197–199 in Toro, 256–262 baptismal names of, 201 demography, 128 , 140–141 , 161–162 , and class formation, 221–223 171–173 , 262–263 , 269–270 , 273–274 , cultural nationalism of, 285–286 , 288 279–280 decorum of, 18 , 212–213 discretion, 17–19 ethnography of, 232–235 in Ankole, 73 homesteads of, 18 , 212 , 222 in Buganda, 97–101 and land, 106 , 221–224 in Bukoba, 157–158 and land consolidation, 106 , 136 , 231–232 in central Kenya, 212–214 and marriage, 222–228 in Kigezi, 69–70 moral agency of, 18 , 221–224 , 244–246 Drakeley, Patty, 94 patriotism of, 220–221 , 224–227 proverbs of, 23–24 East African Educational Publishers, 196 and record-keeping, 204–206 East African Revival. See Revival and the Revival, 1–3 , 206–214 Edel, May, 53–54 and support for Mau Mau, 226–228 elections, 166–168 , 189 , 253–254 God, 7–9 Elkins, Caroline, 219–220 Gogo (language), 7–8 Ellis, Stephen, 11 Golden Bough, The (Frazer), 7–8 emandwa cult, 69–70 , 72 Guillebaud, Harold, 50 England, 44 , 47–48 , 105–106 Gusdorf, Georges, 197 English (language), 83 Gutkind, Peter, 157

338 Index

Hancock, Keith, 253 honor, 17–18 Hangaza (people) Hopkins, Elizabeth, 58 and beer, 121–123 Horton, Robin, 9 and labor migration, 109–114 language of, 115 Ihangiro (Tanzania), 188–193 and marriage, 111–114 Ikuratire, Daudi, 258 political hierarchy of, 108–109 Iliffe, John, 17 , 25 , 152–153 See also Bugufi India, 42 Haskell, Thomas, 105–106 indigeneity, xiii , 138–141 , 263–266 Hastings, Adrian, 10–11 Invention of Tradition, The (Hobsbawm and Hawkins, Sean, 178–179 Ranger), 3 Haya (people) Isichei, Elizabeth, 11 and Buganda, 153 , 251 Islam, 114–115 customary law of, 179–180 demography of, 161–162 James, William, 11 in independent Tanzania, 175–177 Johera , 127 , 146–150 . See also Luo and litigation, 179–180 , 193 and Luo people, 153 , 160–161 , 168–169 Kabale (Uganda), 61 , 64 marriages of, 153–154 , 159–160, 173 Kabalega (king), 252–253 patriotism of, 21 , 24 , 152–154 , 160–166 , Kabete (Kenya), 1 , 3 176–177 , 282–283 Kabiro, Ngugi wa, 242 and privacy, 155–157 Kabunga, Felix, 187–188 and prostitution, 21–22 , 157–166 , Kagwa, Apolo, 79 , 82 170–173 , 176–177 , 186 , 221 , 226 Kalenjin (people), xiii and Revival, 181–194 Kalu, Ogbu, 10 See also Bukoba Kamawe, Wanyoike, 238 Haya Union, 21–22 , 293 Kampala, 13 , 94 , 157 , 221 , 257–258 , 269 , and chiefs, 22 271 history of, 162 Kampala Batoro Association, 22 , 221 , and prostitution, 152 , 158–166 , 257–258 186 , 221 , 226 Karagwe (Tanzania), 187–188 See also patriotism Karegyesa, Edward (chief), 20 , 67–68 , Henry Martyn Centre, xiv , 108 71 , 76 Hindmarsh, Bruce, 44 Kasagama, Daudi (king), 253 , 258 history writing Katoke (Tanzania), 103 , 108 , 115–119 , of Bataka Union, 23 , 79 , 87–88 , 96–97 , 181–182 102 Kenya, xiii in Buganda, 79 , 87–88 , 96–97 , 250–251 and federalism, 14–15 in Bukoba, 167–168 historiography of, 25 , 247–248 in contemporary East Africa, 287–288 school curriculum of, 285–286 and gender relations, 96–97 , 135–136 See also Gikuyu (people) ; Luo (people) ; in Kigezi, 74–77 Nyanza and land consolidation, 138–141 Kenya National Archives, 27 as moral instruction, 23–24 Kenyatta, Jomo, 15 and nativism, 138–141 , 263–266 Kibaki, Mwai, 285 in Nyanza, 133–136 Kibira, Josiah, 48 and political argument, 79 , 87–88 , 96–97 Kiga (people) and political authority, 74–77 , 265 agronomy of, 53 in Rwenzururu kingdom, 249 , 263–266 autonomy of, 53–54 and sovereignty, 78–79 , 249–251 , 276 , in Buganda, 79–80 279–280 See also Kigezi See also time Kigezi (southern Uganda) Hobsbawm, Eric, 3 British government in, 56–60 , 66–69

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chiefs in, 66–69 and land consolidation, 106–107 , emandwa cult in, 69–79 136–141 , 147–150 , 231 land values in, 106 language of, 16 marriage in, 19 , 69–70 , 98 and Luyia people, 139–141 Nyabingi cult in, 54–60 and manners, 18 , 131–136 , 142–144 Revival in, 50–51 , 60–69 , 127 and Mau Mau, 129 , 220 , 246–248 Rwandans in, 51–52 and marriage, 128–136 topography of, 52–53 marriages of, 128–136 See also Kiga (people) patriotism of, 21 , 24 , 128 , 131–136 , Kigezi and its People (Ngologoza), 140–141 , 146–150 , 247 74–76 , 287 and prostitution, 21–22 , 131–136 , Kigozi, Blasio, 46 , 61 , 103 , 207 160–161 , 220–221 Kikuyu (people). See Gikuyu (people) proverbs of, 24 Kikuyu General Union, 225 and Revival, 45 , 127–128 , 141–150 , Kikuyu Traders Association, 205–206 190 , 289 Kikuyu Welfare Association, 286 and sociability, 142–144 Kilembe Mines, 265 , 271 as trans-territorial community, 16 Kimathi, Dedan, 226 See also Nyanza kinship, 127–128 , 141–150 , 289 . Luo Union, 16 , 132–136 , 140–141 , 150 , See also marriage 153 , 160 , 168–169 , 171 , 225 , 247 , 293 . Kinuka, Yosiya, 45 , 61 , 141 See also patriotism Kinyamazinge (chief), 121 , 122 Lutinwa, Nestor, 186–187 , 190 Kisembo, Charles Wesley (king), 274–275 Luule, Timosewo, 84 Kisumu (Kenya), 131 , 132 , 136 , 143 , 158 , Luyia (people), 139–140 221 , 246–247 Lwamugira, Francis, 179 Komuntale, Ruth, 259–262 Konzo (people) Maasai, xiii discrimination against, 263 Machumu, Sylvester, 188–194 and historical research, 263–266 Makerere University, 8 language of, 268–269 Malo, Shadrack, 134–135 population of, 262–263 Maloba, Wunyabari, 214–215 See also Rwenzururu ; Toro Mamdani, Mahmood, 22 Maragoli Association, 132 labor migration, 49 , 51–52 , 79–80 , 109–114 , marriage 129–131 , 181–182 and Bataka Union, 96–97 land consolidation, 106–107 , 136–141 , in Buganda, 19 , 95–101 147–150 , 231–232 , 247 in Bugufi , 111–114 Landau, Paul, 10 in Bukoba, 153–154 , 159–160 , 173 Leakey, Louis, 236 in central Kenya, 220–228 legal procedure, 115–116 , 179–185 and class formation, 222–226 Likimani, Muthoni, 292–293 in independent East Africa, 284–285 Locke, John, 283 in Kigezi, 19 , 69 LoDagaa (people), 178–179 and Mau Mau detainees, 226–228 , 230–235 Lonsdale, John, 18 , 128 , 283 in Nyanza, 128–136 Lugard, Frederick, 253 and patriotism, 128–136 , 149–150 , Luangisa, Samuel, 174 , 176 153–154 , 159–160 , 173 , 224–228 , Luo (people) 256–258 diversity of, 18 , 133 and Revival, 119–120 , 142 , 149–150 , and Haya prostitutes, 160–161 209–210 history-writing of, 134–136 and sexual entrepreneurship, 128–131 , homesteads of, 17–18 , 142–144 159–160 , 256–257 and indigeneity, 138–141 in Toro, 256–258 as labor migrants, 129–131 See also kinship

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Matovu, Elisafati, 103 , 115 , 183 Mugweru, Mwaniki, 239 Mau Mau Muhoro, Charles Kareri, 198–199 , 201–203 , and autobiography, 195–196 206 , 217 , 227 Christian support for, 226–228 Muhumusa, 54–55 , 57 . See also Nyabingi historiography of, 25 , 247–248 cult and loose talk, 213–214 , 241–242 Mujungu, Metusera, 260 , 273 and Luo people, 129 , 220 , 246–248 Mukasa, Reuben Spartas, 86–87 , 88 , 89 , 91 and marriage, 226–228 Mukirane, Isaya as moral war, 218 , 225–228 , 247–248 death of, 274 and revivalists, 213–214 historical research of, 264–266 See also Gikuyu and Rwenzururu’s independence, Mau Mau detainees 267–268 . See also Rwenzururu confessions of, 236–246 Mulima, Yolamu, 279 ethnographic research on, 232–235 Mulumba, Semakula, 25 , 88 families of, 230–235 , 242–245 correspondence of, 90–93 forensic work of, 238–241 and decorum, 88–90 land of, 231–232 and Revival, 100 marriages of, 230–231 , 233–234 See also Bataka Union and moral discipline, 219–220 , 229–230 , Muoria, Henry, 2 , 13 , 90 241–242 Musazi, Ignatius, 100 organization of, 233 Mwambao movement, 250 postal correspondence of, 234–235 Mwangi, Heshbon, 40 , 208 ‘rehabilitation’ of, 236–246 , 291 and revivalists, 220 , 237–241 , 291 Nagenda, William, 42 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 103 , 141 , Mau Mau detention camps 207 , 258 brutality of, 229–230 conversion of, 93–94 East African context of, 220 Nairobi, 13 , 21 , 26 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 134 , 137 , Moral Re-Armament Movement in, 237 144 , 157 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224–225 , 227 , population of, 228–229 231 , 246 , 283 scholarship on, 219–220 population of, 22 Mbiti, John, 8–9 Nakuru (Kenya), 218 , 223 Mbembe, Achille, 27 , 35–36 Namutamba (Uganda), 99 , 100 Mboya, Paul, 24 , 134–135 , 140 , 143 , nationalism 145–146 , 288 , 293 and patriotism, 16–17 , 251 , 281–283 , 293 missionaries and traditional religion, 8–9 and biography, 199–203 and tribes, 13–15 and etiquette, 17 Ndeje (Uganda), 100 and Mau Mau, 226–228 Ngare, Geoffrey, 207–208 , 238 and record-keeping, 203–206 Ngologoza, Paulo (chief), 66 , 74–77 , 101 , and the Revival, 74 , 95 , 100–101 287 , 292–293 and traditional religion, 6–8 Njama, Karari, 225 translation work of, 6–8 , 39 , 50–51 , 53 Nkojo, Hosea, 260 Miti, Jemusi, 23 , 79 , 86 , 87–88 , 89 , 102 Nkrumah, Kwame, 250 and marriage, 96–97 Noo, Ishmael, 141 M ĩ h ĩ r ĩ ga ya Ag ĩ k ũ y ũ (Wanjau), 232–234 , Northern Rhodesia, 12 285–286 Nsibambi, Simeon, 61 , 115 , 207 Mombasa, 16 , 137 , 158 , 164 , 165 , 172 , 258 Ntare, Sylvester (king), 167 , 174 Moral Re-Armament Movement, 237 . Nturanke, Mikaili, 260 , 273–274 See also Mau Mau detention camps Nyabagabo, Ernesti, 103 , 207 movement control, 140–141 , 162–163 , Nyabingi cult, 52 , 75 171–173 , 269–270 , 273–274 and British offi cials, 57–60 Mpororo (kingdom), 54 and fertility, 55–56 Mugambi, J.N.K., 9 mediums of, 54–55

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and Revival, 58–60 , 72–73 , 76 and royalism, 78–79 , 251–252 , and Rwanda’s kings, 56 254–256 , 284 See also Kiga (people) ; Kigezi and rural living, 170–171 Nyakatura, John, 287 and Tanzanian socialism, 175–177 Nyambura, Doris, 207 theory of, 4 , 128 , 281–288 Nyanza (Kenya) and urbanization, 4 , 20–22 borders of, 140–141 See also ethnicity land consolidation in, 106–107 , 136–141 , patriots 147–150 , 231 , 247 and chiefs, 22 Luyia people in, 139–141 and marriage, 128–136 , 149–150 , 153– Revival in, 45 , 127–128 , 141–150 , 154 , 159–160 , 173 , 224–228 , 256–258 190 , 289 in Mau Mau detention camps, 244–245 See also Luo (people) as nativists, 38 , 128 , 140–141 , 150 , Nyasaland, 12 , 42 269–270 , 273–274 , 279–280 , 284 Nyerere, Julius, 153 , 169 , 174 , 175 , 177 , and revivalists, 2–3 , 4 , 98–101 , 146–150 , 284–285 . See also Tanzania 185–187 , 213–214 , 247 , 259–262 , and tribes, 14 273–274 Nyeri (Kenya), 198 , 217 , 225 , 227–228 , Paul (Apostle), 6–7 230 , 233 p’Bitek, Okot, 10 Peel, J.D.Y., 9–10 Obote, Milton, 13–14 , 251 , 267 , 270 , 285 , Pentecostalism, 117–121 , 125 , 288–289 286 Pilgrim’s Progress, The (Bunyan), 12–13 , Odinga, Oginga, 136 , 140 , 141 , 147 37–40 , 144–145 , 201 Ofafa, Ambrose, 246 plotline of, 38–39 Ohanga, Beninah, 16 translations of, 39 , 50–51 Olney, James, 198 Portal, Gerald, 78 Organization of African Unity, 271 postal system, 44–45 Presbyterian Church of East Africa, 198 Pateman, Carole, 283 prostitution patriotism campaigns against, 20–22 , 131–136 , and comparison, 24–26 , 153–154 , 162–166 , 168–173 , 186 , 193 , 220–221 , 160–161 , 168–169 , 225 , 257 224–227 , 256–258 , 282–283 in contemporary East Africa, 286–288 as economic strategy, 163–165 and demography, 128 , 140–141 , 150 , and ethnic self-imagination, 21–22 , 162–166 , 171 , 262–263 , 269–270 , 131–136 , 152 , 158–166 , 224–225 , 273–274 , 279–280 257–258 and historical narrative, 23–24 , 38 , 74–77 , newspaper debate over, 159–160 , 224–225 79 , 87–88 , 96–97 , 134–136 , 249–251 , origins of, 158–159 276 , 279–280 , 286–288 , 293 revivalists’ view of, 193–194 and homosexuality, 282–283 , 286–288 proverbs, 23–24 and indirect rule, 22 public sphere, 13 , 153–154 , 215–216 , and moral order, 16–17 , 26 , 131–136 , 282–283 153–154 , 168–173 , 281–288 and nationalism, 16–17 , 251 , Ramogi African Welfare Association, 21–22 , 281–283 , 293 135–136 , 150 , 160 , 247 , 282 in Nyanza, 21 , 24 , 128 , 131–136 , and chiefs, 22 140–141 , 146–150 , 247 founding of, 131–132 and political agency, 26–27 , 176–177 , See also Luo (people) 281–283 , 293 Ranger, Terence, 3 and prostitution, 20–22 , 133–136 , 152 , record-keeping, 203–206 158–166 , 170–173 , 193 , 220–221 , Reke Acirithio na Mehia Make 224–227 , 256–258 , 282–283 (Wanjau), 245 and republicanism, 284 Reining, Priscilla, 159

342 Index

Revival and food, 71–72 and accountability, 39–40 , 64 , 105–106 , and frontiers, 51–52 , 79–80 , 188–193 107 , 123–125 , 147–150 , 183–185 , and history, 29–30 236–240 and kinship, 127–128 , 141–150 , 289 in Ankole, 62–63 , 71–72 and labor migrants, 120–121 , 181–182 archives of, 13 , 45–48 , 108 and land consolidation, 147–150 and autobiography, 1 , 5 , 30 , 43–44 , lexicon of, 184–185 , 209–210 98–101 , 116–119 , 125–126 , 143–144 , and marriage, 119–120 , 142 , 149–150 , 184–185 , 198–199 , 206–214 , 277 , 293 209–210 in Buganda, 45 , 81 , 93–101 , 127 and Mau Mau, 213–215 in Bugufi , 115–125 , 127 in Mau Mau detention camps, 237–247 in Bukoba, 181–194 names of, xvii and Cambridge University, 47–48 as non-conformists, 2–3 , 12–13 , 19–20 , in central Kenya, 1–3 , 206–214 26–27 , 36 , 65–74 , 76–77 , 93–101 , and church hierarchy, 74 , 95 , 100–101 , 143–150 , 185–187 , 190–192 , 210–214 , 210–214 272–279 and colonial government, 2–3 , 12–13 , as patriots, 259–262 68–69 , 101 and Pentecostalism, 117–121 , 125 , conventions of, 1 , 4 , 43 , 64 , 102–103 288–289 and eschatology, 62–65 , 249–250 and property, 124–125 , 147–148 hymnody of, 65 , 189–190 self-exposure of, 19–20 , 70–73 , 94–101 , infrastructure of, 38 , 45–48 183–186 , 207–209 , 215 in Kigezi, 60–69 , 127 , 190 and sex, 94–101 , 142–144 language of, 43–44 , 208–209 silencing of, 68–69 , 74 , 118–119 , 213–214 and media, 46–48 sobriety of, 121–125 and Mukono crisis, 94 in Switzerland, 48 and Nyabingi cult, 58–60 , 72–73 , 76 and travel, 40–43 in Nyanza, 45 , 127–128 , 141–150 , 190 Richards, Audrey, 82–83 , 97 and Pentecostalism, 117–121 , 125 , Rift Valley, 137 288–289 Rift Valley Agikuyu Union, 218 , 224 and Pilgrim’s Progress , 39–40 , 50–51 , Robbins, Catherine, 5 144–145 Robbins, Joel, 6 and postal system, 45–46 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 283 in Rwanda, 46 , 289–291 Routledge, Scoresby and Katherine, 232 in Rwenzururu, 273–274 , 277 royalism, 78–79 , 251–252 , 254–256 , scholarly writing on, 4–5 286–288 as threat to civil order, 2–3 , 12–13 , Ruanda Mission, 45–48 68–69 , 101 Rugizibwa, Herbert, 167–168 , 174 , 176 theology of, 188–193 Rujumbura (Uganda), 52–53 , 67 in Toro, 258–262 , 273–274 Rutanga, Murindwa, 58 and visuality, 115–116 Rwabugiri (king), 56 , 76 revivalists Rwanda, 17 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 67 , 268 , 284 autobiographies of, 1 , 5 , 30 , 43–44 , post-genocide reconciliation in, 289–291 . 98–101 , 116–119 , 125–126 , 143–144 , See also Gahini 184–185 , 198–199 , 206–214 , 277 , 293 Rwandan Patriotic Front, 291 and bicycles, 41–42 Rwandans and chiefs, 66–69 , 186–187 , 190 in Buganda, 79–80 as cosmopolitans, 38 , 40–49 , 293 in Bukoba, 181–182 and court procedure, 115–116 , 179–185 , in Kigezi, 51–52 193–194 Rwenzururu (kingdom), 31–32 , 287 and decorum, 2–3 , 19–20 , 69–74 , 98–101 , and Anglican church, 269 143–150 , 190–193 , 212–214 , 258–262 , archives of, 271–272 , 276–277 292–293 and contingency, 274–280

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and demography, 269–270 , 273–274 , Toro (kingdom) 279–280 Anglicanism of, 258–259 and historical research, 249 , 263–266 cultural imperialism of, 262–263 language of, 268–269 , 276–277 history of, 252–253 , 265–266 origins of, 266–267 political position of, 253–262 recognition of, 286–287 restoration of, 286–287 and Revival, 273–274 Revival in, 258–262 , 273–274 sovereignty of, 267–272 , 278–280 royalism of, 251–252 , 254–256 , 284 Timosewo Bawalana’s career in, 272–280 Rwenzururu movement in, 265–272 , See also Toro (kingdom) ; Uganda 278–280 See also Rwenzururu (kingdom) Shaw, Rosalind, 10 Toro (people) Skipper, Dora, 40 , 46 , 182 decorum of, 256–262 Southall, Aidan, 157 and Mau Mau, 254 sovereignty, 78–79 , 249–251 , 267–272 , and prostitution, 257–258 , 261–262 278–280 Tumutumu (Kenya), 198–216 , 223 , 228 Spear, Thomas, 3 Turyahikayo-Rugyema, Benoni, 58 Stacey, Tom, 265 , 270 Twaddle, Michael, 79 Stenning, Derrick, 59 , 70 Stoler, Ann Laura, 27 Uganda Stuart, Cyril, 74 , 84 , 95 , 100–101 and Anti-Homosexuality Bill, 282–283 , subjectivity, 108 , 125–126 286–288 Sukumaland, 166 anthem of, 13 Sundkler, Bengt, 158–159 archives of, 28–29 Stevenson, Marion, 200 , 201–203 , 217 bicycles in, 41 Switzerland, 48 , 255 census in, 80 , 270 Swynnerton Plan, 106 , 136 , 231 , 247 . historiography of, 25 See also land consolidation independence of, 13–14 , 255–256 , 268 kingdoms of, xiii , 13–14 , 286–288 Tanganyika. See Tanzania marriage in, 285 Tanganyika African National Union, 25 , and Rwenzururu, 267–268 , 153 , 167–168 , 169 270–272 , 278 Tanzania, xiii , 42 , 165 See also Ankole ; Buganda ; Kigezi ; historiography of, 25 , 152–153 Toro independence of, 14 , 169 Uganda Language Board, 268–269 legal code of, 169–170 , 174 Uganda National Archives, 30–31 litigation in, 179–180 Uganda National Congress, 259–260 moral reform in, 174–177 , 284–285 United Nations Organization, 14 , 91–92 , postal system of, 44–45 165 , 166 , 270–271 socialism in, 14 , 175–177 , 284–285 University of Dar es Salaam, 107 Tanzania National Archives, 27–28 , 152 urbanization, 4 , 20–22 , 281–282 ter Haar, Gerrie, 11 Uzoigwe, Godfrey, 15 time epochal, 23–24 , 62–65 , 249–252 , 272 , Vianney, Jean-Marie-Baptiste, 84 274–280 linear, 23–24 , 38 , 74–77 , 79 , 87–88 , Wachanga, Kahinga, 243 96–97 , 134–136 , 249–251 , 276 , Wairire, Shifra, 31 , 243 279–280 , 286–288 , 293 Waita, Jeremiah, 202 , 227 See also history writing Wanjau, Gakaara wa, 22–23 , 239 Thant, U, 270 detention of, 228–229 They Shall be Chastised (Likimani), 292–293 family of, 217–218 , 223–224 , 243 Thiong’o, Ngũ g ĩ wa, 195 and Mau Mau oath, 225 translation, 6–8 , 39 , 50–51 , 53 moral agency and, 223–224 , 285–286

344 Index

Wanjau, Gakaara wa (cont.) Wilberforce, William, 105 and Mungiki, 288 Wordsworth, Christopher, 6 writing of of, 31 , 196 , 218–219 , 232–235 , World War Two, 20–21 , 159–160 , 253 , 281 245–246 , 285–286 Wanjau, Johanna, 210 , 217 Yoruba, 9–10 Warigia, Raheli, 217 Warren-Gash, Catherine, 236 Zahoro, Sospeter, 167 Watchtower Movement, 12–13 Zanzibar, 250 , 255–256