Mortise and tenon

Continue Diagram of a mortise (left) and articulated tenon tusked through tenons used in a French barn. 1) Through tenon and 2) mortise as a shoulder jointMortise (occasionally mortice) and tenon joint connects two pieces of or material. Joiners from all over the world have been using it for thousands of years to join pieces of wood, especially when adjacent pieces connect at right angles. The joints are strong and stable joints that can be used in many projects. The joint mortise and tenon is considered one of the strongest joints next to the joint. [citation required] They provide a strong result and connect by gluing or locking in place. Mortise and tenon joint also give an attractive lookout. A disadvantage to this joint is the difficulty in doing so due to the precise and tight cutting required. In its most basic form, a mortise and tenon joint is simple and strong. There are many variations of this type of articulation, but the basic mortise and tenon have two components: the mortise hole, and the tenon tongue. The tenon, formed at the end of a member commonly referred to as a rail, fits into a square or rectangular hole cut into the other corresponding member. The tenon is cut to fit exactly in the mortise hole. Usually have shoulders that sit when the joint fully enters the mortise hole. The joint can be glued, fastened or fastened to lock it in place. This joint is also used with other materials. For example, it is traditionally used by masons and blacksmiths. Etymology The noun mortise, a hole or groove in which something is mounted to form a joint, comes from c. 1400 of the ancient French mortada (13th c.), possibly from the Arabic murtazz, trapped, past participle of razza, cut a mortise inside. [1] The word tenon, an English noun since the late 14th century, developed its sense of an inserted projection to make an articulation of the old French tenir to hold. [2] History and ancient examples Experimental archaeology; Cut a mortise with a cannon chisel this is an old joint dating back 7,000 years. The earliest examples, trapped joints, were found in a well near Leipzig - the oldest intact wooden architecture in the world. [3] He was also found joining the wooden planks of the khufu ship, a 43.6-metre-long ship sealed in a well in the Giza pyramid complex of the Fourth Dynasty around 2500 BC. [5] It was also found in ancient furniture from archaeological sites in the Middle East, Europe and Asia. Many cases are found, for example, in ruins of houses in the kingdom of the Silk Road of Cadota, from the first to the 4th century BC [6] In traditional Chinese architecture, wooden components such as beams, supports, roof structures and were made to interlock with perfect fit, without the use of fasteners or glues, allowing the wood to expand and contract according to moisture. [7] Archaeological evidence from Chinese sites shows that at the end of Neolithic joinery, mortise-and-tenon was employed in Chinese construction. [8] The thirty stone stones of Stonehenge were dressed and shaped with mortise-and-tenon joints before being erected between 2600 and 2400 BC English Heritage - Stonehenge Types Mortises A construction through mortise is used on this wooden hinge Brick mold from held together with mortise joints A mortise is a cavity cut into a wood to receive a tenon. There are several types of mortise:[9] Open mortise a mortise that has only three sides. (See brake joint). Stub mortise a shallow mortise, the depth of which depends on the size of the wood; also a mortise that does not pass through the workpiece (as opposed to one through mortise). Through mortise a mortise that passes entirely through a piece. Half-dove prey a mortise in which the back is wider, or taller, than the front, or opening. The space for the wedge initially leaves room to insert the tenon. The wedge, after the tenon is engaged, prevents its withdrawal. Through half-dove tucked a mortise of half-dove stuck that passes entirely through the piece. Tenons Tenon is a projection at the end of a wood for insertion into a mortise. Usually, the tenon is taller than wide. There are several types of tenon: Short tenon stub, the depth of which depends on the size of the wood; also a tenon that is shorter than the width of the dead piece so that the tenão does not show (as opposed to one through tenon). Through tenon a tenon that passes entirely through the piece of wood in which it is inserted, being clearly visible on the back. Ten loose in a tenon that is a separate part of the joint, as opposed to a fixed tenon that is an integral part of one of the pieces to be joined. Tenon biscuit a thin oval piece of wood, cookie-shaped[10] Pegged (or fixed) tenon joint is reinforced by directing a pin or pin (treenail) through one or more holes drilled through the mortise and tenon side wall; [11] This is common in wooden framing joints Two fangs through tenons are used to keep the easels of this easel table together Tusk tenon a kind of mortise and tenon joint that uses a wedge-shaped key to hold the joint. Teasel (or teazle) tenon a term used for the tenon on top of a frame d'or jowled pole, which is typically received by the mortise at the bottom of a tie beam. A common element of the English mooring joint. Top tenon the tenon that occurs on top of a post. Tenon hammerhead a method formation of a tenon joint when the shoulders cannot be tightened with a clamp. Tenon half-shoulder an asymmetrical midside with one shoulder on one side only. A common common use on framed, embroidered and strapted doors. More details about the joint completed In general, the size of the mortise and tenon is related to the thickness of the . It is a good practice to propose tenon as a third of the thickness of the rail, or as close to that as it is practical. The haunch, the cut part of a corner band joint that prevents the tenon from loosening, is one-third the length of the tenon and one-sixth the width of the tenon at its depth. The remaining two-thirds of the rail, the tenon shoulders, help neutralize lateral forces that can adjust the tenon of the mortise, contributing to its strength. These also serve to hide imperfections in the opening of mortise. Gallery of various mortises A traditional articulation through, sister-in-law, mortise and tenon A stub tenon corner joint A haunched stub tenon corner joint A foxtail wedged tenon joint A pinned corner tenon joint A modern feather tenon joint (mainly called a loose tenon) See also Box Dado joint Dovetail joint References ^ Harper, Douglas. Mortise. Dictionary of Online Etymology. Retrieved 2019-02-19. Harper, Douglas. Tenon. Dictionary of Online Etymology. Retrieved 2019-02-19. ^ The Neolithic Toolkit. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on January 7, 2015. Ward, Cheryl. The oldest plank boats in the world, in Archaeology (Volume 54, Number 3, May/June 2001). Archaeological Institute of America. ^ The first Neolithic water wells reveal the world's oldest wooden architecture, Tegel W, Elburg R, Hakelberg D, Stäuble H, Büntgen U (2012) The first Neolithic water wells reveal the world's oldest wooden architecture. PLoS ONE 7(12): e51374. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051374 ^ Roberts, Rachel (2012). Construction of houses in Old Niya. IDP News. 39. Retrieved on 26 October 2012. ^ Steinhardt, Nancy W. (2002). Chinese Architecture (English ed.). Yale University Press. pp. 1. ISBN 978-0-300-09559-3. ^ Xujie, Liu( 2002). Chinese Architecture - The Origins of Chinese Architecture (English ed.). Yale University Press. pp. 11. ISBN 978-0-300-09559-3. Dekker, Michael. Mortise-and-Tenon. Details of the joinery. Retrieved 2015-02-18. ^ Our criticisms, your decision. Family man. Recovered 2017-07-28. ^ Teague, Matthew (May 2007). The Atrante Joint, Exposed. Beautiful joinery. Taunton Press. Retrieved 2015-02-18. This article is based in part on a Quicksilver Wiki article on A Glossary of Terms for Traditional Wood framing (Timberbee) under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. Recovered Mortise and tenon joints have existed for a thousand years to join pieces of wood mainly when adjacent pieces that are at right angles. The basic type consists of a mortise hole and a tenon tongue, although there are many of the type of joint. Mortise and tenon joints are simple and strong. The tenon tenon is formed in the final order to lock the joint in place, can be glued, stuck, jammed The video below shows how to cut mortise and tenon joints: Applications In addition to joinery, mortise and tenon joint is also used in other fields such as blacksmiths and masons. This joint has been widely used in wood components such as beams, roof structures, structures and supports. The joint mortise and tenon (interlocking) performed on them were made to fit perfectly without using any mechanical fasteners or glues. This allows the wood to expand and contract due to moisture. This joint is also an ancient method of building a wooden lining of water wells. Read: Everything you need to know about joinery joints Different types of joints mortise and tenon: Mortises A mortise is a cavity cut into a piece of wood to receive a tenon. Below are the various types of mortises and tenons performed in joinery: Open Mortise: this type of mortise has only three sides. Stub mortise: it is a shallow mortise; its depth is determined by the size of the wood and the mortise does not pass through the workpiece. Through mortise: this mortise passes entirely through a half-dove Coined piece: in this mortise, the back is wider, or taller than the front. The space for the wedge initially creates space for the insertion of the tenon. The wedge prevents the withdrawal of the tenon after being cocked. Half-dove minted: in this kind mortise, it passes entirely through the piece. Read: All you need to know about Tenons Tenon lap joints is a projection at the end of a piece of wood that designs to fit into a mortise when inserted. It is usually wide, but taller than the width. Below are the various types of tenon cut by the joiner: Stub tenon: the depth depends on the size of the wooden piece and the tenon is smaller than the width of the mortise piece so that it does not appear. Through tenon: the through types of tenon passes entirely through the piece of wood into which it is inserted. It tenon will be clearly visible on the back. Loose Tenon: The tenon is a separate part of the joint that opposes a fixed tenon that is an integral part of one of the pieces to be joined. Tenon Biscuit: The tenon is like a thin oval piece of wood, shaped like Pegged biscuit or (Pinned) tenon: in this type of tenon, a pin or dowel pin is drive in through one or more holes drilled through mortise and tenon side wall. This helps strengthen the joint. is common in wooden framing joints. This is for this article that contains definition, application, types, as well as how to cut mortise and tenon joints. 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