RESEARCH ARTICLE Oral cancer via the bargain bin: The risk of oral cancer associated with a smokeless tobacco product (Naswar) Zohaib Khan1,2☯¤*, Steffen Dreger1, Syed Majid Hussain Shah3, Hermann Pohlabeln1, Sheraz Khan4, Zakir Ullah5, Basheer Rehman6, Hajo Zeeb1,2☯ 1 Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany, 2 Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, 3 Ayub Medical College-Dental Section, Abbottabad, Pakistan, 4 Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan, 5 Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, a1111111111 Pakistan, 6 Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan a1111111111 a1111111111 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. a1111111111 ¤ Current address: Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan a1111111111 *
[email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS In the wake of smokeless tobacco (SLT) being advocated as a mean of tobacco harm reduc- Citation: Khan Z, Dreger S, Shah SMH, Pohlabeln tion, it is pertinent to establish individual health risks associated with each SLT product. This H, Khan S, Ullah Z, et al. (2017) Oral cancer via the case-control study was aimed at assessing the risk of oral cancer associated with a smoke- bargain bin: The risk of oral cancer associated with less tobacco product (Naswar). The study was conducted from September 2014 till May a smokeless tobacco product (Naswar). PLoS ONE 12(7): e0180445. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. 2015 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Exposure and covariate information was collected pone.0180445 through a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate Editor: Gianpaolo Papaccio, Università degli Studi odds ratios (OR) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). 84 oral cancer cases (62% della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", ITALY males) and 174 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited.