Water Quality Management of Contaminated Areas and Its Effects on Doses from Aquatic Pathways
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2.5 Ukraine Waterways Assessment
2.5 Ukraine Waterways Assessment Ukraine has high potential navigable rivers - over 4 thousand km: there are traditional waterways Dnipro - 1,205 km and its tributaries (Desna- 520 km, Pripyat - 60 km) and Dunay - 160 km, Bug - 155 km, and other so-called small rivers. Dnipro River and its major tributaries Desna and Pripyat carried out to 90% of total transport. The remaining 10% are Dunai and other rivers (Desna, Dniester, Southern Bug, Seversky Donets, Ingulets, Vorskla, etc.). Since Ukraine gained independence in 1991, length of river waterways decreased almost twice (from 4 thousand. Km to 2.1 thousand. Km). At the same time the density of river shipping routes reduced 1.75 times; intensity of freight transport - in 4,3 times, and passenger transportation - 7.5 times The volume of traffic fellt to 60 mln. MT in 1990 to 12 mln. MT in 2006, and then - to 5 mln. MT in 2014. Over the past two or three years, inland waterway transportation is only 0.2 - 0.8% of all the cargo traffic. The main categories of goods that are transported via inland waterway – agricultural products (mainly grain), metal products, chemicals. Company Information Only few companies operate on rivers. First, it is a private company "Ukrrichflot" http://ukrrichflot.ua/en/ , declares the presence of about 100 vessels of various types and their ports and other elements of the port infrastructure. The second important market player - Agrocorporation "NIBULON" http://www. nibulon.com/ . The company owns a private fleet and private river terminals. Dnipropetrovsk River -
General Assembly Distr.: General 27 September 2019
United Nations A/74/461 General Assembly Distr.: General 27 September 2019 Original: English . Seventy-fourth session Agenda item 71 (d) Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations, including special economic assistance: strengthening of international cooperation and coordination of efforts to study, mitigate and minimize the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster Persistent legacy of the Chernobyl disaster Report of the Secretary-General Summary The present report is submitted in accordance with General Assembly resolution 71/125 on the persistent legacy of the Chernobyl disaster and provides an update on the progress made in the implementation of all aspects of the resolution. The report provides an overview of the recovery and development activities undertaken by the agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and other international actors to address the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. The United Nations system remains committed to promoting the principle of leaving no one behind and ensuring that the governmental efforts to support the affected regions are aimed at achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals. 19-16688 (E) 041019 151019 *1916688* A/74/461 I. General situation 1. Since the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident on 26 April 1986, the United Nations, along with the Governments of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, has been leading the recovery and development efforts to support the affected regions. While extensive humanitarian work was conducted immediately after the accident, additional recovery and rehabilitation activities were conducted in the following years to secure the area, limit the exposure of the population, provide medical follow-up to those affected and study the health consequences of the incident. -
Present and Future Environmental Impact of the Chernobyl Accident
IAEA-TECDOC-1240 Present and future environmental impact of the Chernobyl accident Study monitored by an International Advisory Committee under the project management of the Institut de protection et de sûreté nucléaire (IPSN), France August 2001 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Waste Safety Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria PRESENT AND FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT IAEA, VIENNA, 2001 IAEA-TECDOC-1240 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2001 Printed by the IAEA in Austria August 2001 FOREWORD The environmental impact of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident has been extensively investigated by scientists in the countries affected and by international organizations. Assessment of the environmental contamination and the resulting radiation exposure of the population was an important part of the International Chernobyl Project in 1990–1991. This project was designed to assess the measures that the then USSR Government had taken to enable people to live safely in contaminated areas, and to evaluate the measures taken to safeguard human health there. It was organized by the IAEA under the auspices of an International Advisory Committee with the participation of the Commission of the European Communities (CEC), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The IAEA has also been engaged in further studies in this area through projects such as the one on validation of environmental model predictions (VAMP) and through its technical co-operation programme. -
Peculiarities of Particulate 137Cs Transport and Sedimentation in Kiev Reservoir
BY0000213 Peculiarities of Particulate 137Cs Transport and Sedimentation in Kiev Reservoir O. VOITSEKHOVITCH, V. KANIVETS, I. BILIY, G. LAPTEV Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute Nauka Av. 37, 252028 Kiev, Ukraine U. SANSONE, M. RICCARDI ANPA, 48 via Vitaliano Brancati, 00144 Rome, Italy Abstract The paper presents the data on Chernobyl radiocaesium bound to suspended matter and bottom sediments at different locations along the sampling rout from Rivers of Chernobyl zone to upper Reservoirs of Dnieper River. These data were collected as a result of joint Ukrainian-Italian field exercises in the frame of ECP-3 project. It was found out that total 137Cs concentration in the water column decreases downstream the Chernobyl zone while KD in situ values substantially increase with approach to the Kiev HPS dam. Taking account of uniform hydro-chemical conditions in investigated area one can explain this phenomenon only by gradual elimination of coarse sandy component with low sorption capacity from the river flow by sedimentation. In contrary, radiocaesium which is selectively sorbed and fixed on fine clay particles travels much longer distances and ensures observed higher KD in situ values. This conclusion is supported by the analyses of three sediment cores taken in upper, middle and lower parts of Kiev reservoir. 1. Introduction An exclusive role of Kiev reservoir as a huge natural trap for Chernobyl radionuclides is defined by its geographical position and hydrological regime. Actually it is an about hundred kilometres long watercourse from the Pripyat river (which is the main carrier of radionuclides from the Chernobyl zone) and the Dnieper river confluence to the HPS dam in the Northern suburbs of Kiev City. -
Environment International 146 (2021) 106282
Environment International 146 (2021) 106282 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environment International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envint Current radiological situation in areas of Ukraine contaminated by the Chornobyl accident: Part 2. Strontium-90 transfer to culinary grains and forest woods from soils of Ivankiv district I. Labunskaa’*, S. Levchukb, V. Kashparov b,c, D. Holiakab, L. Yoschenkob, D. Santilloa, P. Johnston a a Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Innovation Centre Phase 2, Rennes Drive, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK b Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str.7, Chabany, Kyiv Region 08162, Ukraine c CERAD CoE Environmental Radioactivity/Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Aas, Norway ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Handling Editor: Olga Kalantzi Some of the highest 90Sr activity concentrations recorded beyond the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone occur in the Ivankiv district of Ukraine, located approximately 50 km south of the power plant, an area which nonetheless Keywords: remains important for agricultural production. Although characterized by soils with low exchangeable calcium 90Sr values, which can enhance the bioavailability of certain radionuclides, information on the transfer of 90Sr to food Grain contamination crops and trees in the region has remained limited to date. Analysis of 116 grain samples (wheat, rye, oat, barley Wood contamination or Triticale) collected from fields in 13 settlements in the region between 2011 and 2019 revealed 90Sr and 137Cs The Chernobyl accident Effective dose activity concentrations above Ukrainian limits in almost half of those samples, with annual averages exceeding Transfer factor this limit in four of those nine years (most recently in 2018) and with no clear evidence for a declining trend over time. -
Chornobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology the Report Prepared in a Framework of GEF UNEP Project &
Chornobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology The report prepared in a framework of GEF UNEP Project "Project entitled "Conserving, Enhancing and Managing Carbon Stocks and Biodiversity in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone" (Project ID: 4634; IMIS: GFL/5060-2711-4C40) Revision and optimization of the systems of routine and scientific radiological monitoring of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the ChEZ Slavutich - 2016 1 Analysis by Prof. V. Kashparov Director of UIAR of NUBiP of Ukraine Dr S. Levchuk Head of the Laboratory of UIAR of NUBiP of Ukraine Dr. V. Protsak Senior Researcher of UIAR of NUBiP of Ukraine Dr D. Golyaka Researcher of UIAR of NUBiP of Ukraine Dr V. Morozova Researcher of UIAR of NUBiP of Ukraine M. Zhurba Researcher of UIAR of NUBiP of Ukraine This report, publications discussed, and conclusions made are solely the responsibility of the au- thors 2 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 System of the radioecological monitoring in the territory of Ukraine alienated after the Chernobyl accident 8 2. Exclusion Zone....................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Natural facilities11 2.2 Industrial (technical) facilities 12 2.2.1 Facilities at the ChNPP industrial site.....................................................................................12 2.2.2 Facilities -
Group Multi-Day Tour (*.Pdf)
The explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is an example of human negligence that has made impact on the lives of millions of people. If you want to feel like a part of the modern life of the Exclusion Zone, and to listen to the stories of local residents, join our multi-day tour to Chernobyl. The tour program covers all the important places associated with the catastrophe and its consequences, and allots enough time to each location for feeling the atmosphere of the modern zone. Multi-day tours allow not only to study deliberately such key objects as Pripyat, Chernobyl 2, the Red forest, the buried village and the remains of the NPP infrastructure, but also to communicate with the employees who are now eliminating the consequences of the disaster, and local residents. After a walk around the ghost city, you can spend a night at a local hotel, have a dinner in the Chernobyl NNP refectory, and buy groceries at a local store. Our multi-day tour provides an opportunity to discover more secrets of the past of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, and study its current life. Languages: English, Ukrainian, Russian (Polish, French, Spanish on request) Inclusions: Transportation from our office in Kyiv, insurance policy, accommodation, complete package of documents allowing a visit to the Exclusion Zone, permission for photo / filming, and tour guide services. 1 Approximate Itinerary (may be changed up to the CEZ administration request) Day 1 07:30 am • Come to the meeting point at Shuliavska Street, 5 (Metro Station Polytechnic Institute), Kyiv for check-in 08:00 – 10:00 am • Road to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone 10:05 – 10:40 am • "Dytyatky" checkpoint. -
Long-Term Observation of Radioactivity Contamination in Fish Around Chernobyl
Long-Term Observation of Radioactivity Contamination in Fish around Chernobyl Igor N. RYABOV A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninski pr. 33, Moscow, 117071, Russia: [email protected] Abstract Dynamics of 137Cs accumulation by marketable fishes in different kinds of water bodies (cooling pond, water reservoir, lake) polluted by radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident has been studied. The highest concentration of 137Cs, reaching 500 kBq/kg w.w. (wet weight) was registered in fish inhabiting the cooling pond of ChNPP in 1986. During the last 15 years the level of radionuclides in fishes of all water bodies came down, but rates of lowering are different. Peculiarities of 137Cs accumulation by fishes depending on the trophic level have been revealed. During the first months after the Chernobyl accident the concentration of 137Cs in peaceable species of fishes in Kiev Reservoir was by 10 times higher than in pike. After 1987 predatory fishes have the concentration of 137Cs by 2-3 times higher than peaceable fishes. Higher indices have been marked in pike and large perches. By 2001 the content of 137Cs in fishes in the cooling pond did not exceed 5 kBq/kg w.w., in River Teterev – 0.09 kBq/kg w.w., in Kiev Reservoir – 0.5 kBq/kg w.w. High content of 137Cs remained in the lakes of Bryansk region of Russia and in Mogilev region of Belorussia, which have low content of +K in water and stagnant water, although these lakes are situated 100 - 200 km from the place of the accident. -
Trade Routes of the Kyiv Province of the First Half of the 19Th Century
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 SJIF (2019): 7.583 Trade Routes of the Kyiv Province of the First Half of the 19th Century Hybytskyy Lyubomyr PhD in History, Adjunct Professor of History of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine e-mail: lubg[at]ukr.net), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8511-6461 Abstract: The study of the evolution of trade routes is of great interest to contemporary society because of the impact it has on the quality of human life and the social dynamics of communities. The author has analyzed the determining factors of the effectiveness of the government, local government, police, taking into account historical research for the 19th, 20th, and the last years of the 21st century. Archival documents have been used, some of which identify variables related to the Kyiv province, such as road construction, some of which are aimed at merchant’s perception of the attention received by logistics. Other sources emphasize the weaknesses of rural community’s actions regarding the quality of repair of bridges and dams. Finally, there are those who are critical of carriers who provided their services within and outside the province. Emphasis has been placed on the constant presence of police officers who monitored the quality and condition of roads in the settlements. This article is based on archival documents. Methods of analysis, systematization and classification have allowed to track the main array of data and conduct research. Keywords: Kyiv province, 19th century, transport, trade routes, zemstvo duties, transportation 1. Introduction study of roads along with the analysis of geography, geology, flora and fauna, climatology, soil science, The attractiveness of the state is determined by the demography [12]. -
Multi-Day Individual Tour
Multi-day Individual Tour Are you a Stalker, or want to step into his boots? Do you want to feel the life of the modern Chernobyl Exclusion Zone firsthand? Order a multi-day individual tour that will reveal the secrets of local life! A multi-day tour is an opportunity to learn the side of history known only to few people. You have an opportunity to spend from two to five days with a personal guide who will not only show you known locations of Pripyat, Chernobyl and surrounding villages, but also help to start a conversation with local employees who eliminate the consequences of the accident at the fourth NPP unit, or guards who meet illegal travellers almost every day. Also, you will probably have an opportunity to ask directly the stalkers who visited forbidden objects about their experience, and ask some locals who have never left their homes, about the special sides of their lives. An individual tour allows you visiting any location at any time at your request, if they are within legal limits. Languages: English, Ukrainian, Russian, (Spanish, Italian, Polish - on request) Duration: on request The price covers: Transportation from the hotel, insurance, radiation warning device, hotel, full package of permits, food. Also, you will visit unique and secret places of Chernobyl Zone. You can also visit the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (for an additional fee of 150 USD) 1 Approximate Itinerary (may be changed up to the CEZ administration request) (The program and the schedule of the private tour can be changed on request of the client) 08:00-09:00 a.m. -
Support Local Communities and the Development of River Tourism In
Background Project Outputs • Analysis of the situation, which includes a comprehensive evaluation of river destinations´ potential (Identification Belarus has pursued a gradual path of transition, characterized by limited structural reforms and a modest and analysis of tourism assets, identification of the needs of the local communities in terms of training etc) expansion of the private sector. Economic growth has been accompanied by an impressive fall in the number of Project Brief households living below the poverty line and an increase in household income among the bottom 40%. • Support for a product development and marketing strategy, which includes the identification of potential new Unfortunately, the factors that enabled Belarus’s past success are no longer in play. The capacity of capital tourism products and markets. accumulation to drive economic growth is exhausted, the energy subsidies stemming from bilateral agreements with Support local communities Russia are smaller, and public debt ratios to GDP are growing. • Training and coaching activities for local stakeholders (Training in the development of tourism products, enhancement of local rural heritage, improvement of the quality of services, promotion of river sites etc). and the development Against this backdrop, the development of alternative income and job creation sources such as tourism has been identified as a priority for the Government. The introduction of the country’s 30-day visa-free travel scheme for 74 • Strengthening local governance through training activities on tourism planning, management and promotion to local of river tourism in Belarus countries in 2018 resulted in a 43% increase in visitors and numbers are expected to grow over the coming years. -
ANNEX J Exposures and Effects of the Chernobyl Accident
ANNEX J Exposures and effects of the Chernobyl accident CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION.................................................. 453 I. PHYSICALCONSEQUENCESOFTHEACCIDENT................... 454 A. THEACCIDENT........................................... 454 B. RELEASEOFRADIONUCLIDES ............................. 456 1. Estimation of radionuclide amounts released .................. 456 2. Physical and chemical properties of the radioactivematerialsreleased ............................. 457 C. GROUNDCONTAMINATION................................ 458 1. AreasoftheformerSovietUnion........................... 458 2. Remainderofnorthernandsouthernhemisphere............... 465 D. ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF DEPOSITEDRADIONUCLIDES .............................. 465 1. Terrestrialenvironment.................................. 465 2. Aquaticenvironment.................................... 466 E. SUMMARY............................................... 466 II. RADIATIONDOSESTOEXPOSEDPOPULATIONGROUPS ........... 467 A. WORKERS INVOLVED IN THE ACCIDENT .................... 468 1. Emergencyworkers..................................... 468 2. Recoveryoperationworkers............................... 469 B. EVACUATEDPERSONS.................................... 472 1. Dosesfromexternalexposure ............................. 473 2. Dosesfrominternalexposure.............................. 474 3. Residualandavertedcollectivedoses........................ 474 C. INHABITANTS OF CONTAMINATED AREAS OFTHEFORMERSOVIETUNION............................ 475 1. Dosesfromexternalexposure