Ngo Scr 1325 and the Peacebuilding Commission
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NGO W ORKING GROUP ON W OMEN , PEACE SCR 1325 AND THE AND SECURITY PEACEBUILDING COMMISSION Boston Consortium onGender, Security and Human Rights SC The recently established United Nations Peacebuilding R SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325 1325 Commission (PBC) is a body intended to advise and propose on Women, Peace and Security—Six Years On Report integrated peacebuilding, development and reconstruction strategies for countries emerging from violent conflict. AND This SCR 1325 6 Years On Report examines the recent estab- lishment of the Peacebuilding Commission, its structure, THE PEA mandate and obligation to implement SCR 1325 in the achievement of durable peace and development. CEBUILDING COMMISSION WORKING GROUP 777 United Nations Plaza I New York, New York 10017 WORKING GROUP ON WOMEN, PEACE t: (+1) 212.682.3633 ext. 3121 I [email protected] ON WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY AND SECURITY NGO f: (+1) 212.682.5354 I www.womenpeacesecurity.org NGO SCR 1325 AND THE PEACEBUILDING COMMISSION SCR 1325 and the Peacebuilding Commission was first published SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325 by the NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security, 777 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, October 2006. on Women, Peace and Security—Six Years On Report Copyright © NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security Edited by: Gina Torry Authors: Karen Barnes, Rebecca Chiarelli, Carol Cohn, Ramina Johal, Milkah Kihunah and Maria Olson. Contributors: Mahima Achuthan, Bineta Diop, Mavic Cabrera-Balleza, Sam Cook, Helena Gronberg, Pamela Inaterama, and Sayre Sheldon. Cover and Report Design: Maureen Weiss Design / www.mw-mw.com Boston Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights All reasonable precautions have been taken by the NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security to verify the information contained. ISBN: 0-9790109-0-X WORKING GROUP 777 United Nations Plaza I New York, New York 10017 WORKING GROUP ON WOMEN, PEACE t: (+1) 212.682.3633 ext. 3121 I [email protected] ON WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY AND SECURITY NGO NGO f: (+1) 212.682.5354 I www.womenpeacesecurity.org Contents Acknowledgements This report is a collaboration of the members of the NGO Working Acknowledgements iii Group on Women, Peace and Security (NGOWG). The NGOWG was formed in May 2000 to advocate for a United Nations Security List of Abbreviations iv Council resolution on women, peace and security. Following the Foreword by Carolyn McAskie vi unanimous adoption of resolution 1325 in October 2000, the group Introduction viii began the work of monitoring and advocating for the full imple- Chapter 1 –Establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission 2 mentation of the resolution. We extend our gratitude to all of the members of the NGOWG Chapter 2 –1325: Informing the Work of the Peacebuilding Commission 18 who contributed their expertise, time and ideas to producing this Six Years On Report. We would like to thank all of our colleagues around Chapter 3 –The Peacebuilding Commission in Burundi and Sierra Leone: Key Issues 34 the globe working on women, peace and security issues at the inter- Recommendations 56 national, national and local levels for their input and collaboration. The Six Years On Report was made possible through the generous Editors and Contributors 58 support of the United Kingdom Department for International Member Organizations 64 Development and the Department of Foreign Affairs, Canada. Resource Directory 72 Special thanks are due to Ms. Carolyn McAskie, United Nations SCR 1325 84 Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support, author of the Foreword. We also wish to thank Gina Torry, Coordinator of the NGOWG and Editor to the report for her contribution. We would especially like to thank the authors of the report: Karen Barnes, Rebecca Chiarelli, Carol Cohn, Ramina Johal, Milkah Kihunah and Maria Olson. We are also grateful for the contributions of: Mahima Achuthan, Mavic Cabrera-Balleza, Sam Cook, Bineta Diop, Helena Gronberg, Pamela Inaterama, and Sayre Sheldon. NGO Working Group on Women Peace and Security ii NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security iii List of Abbreviations AFRC. Armed Forces Revolutionary Council SALW . Small Arms and Light Weapons AU . African Union SC . Security Council CEDAW. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms SCR . Security Council Resolution of Discrimination against Women SCR 1325 . Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security DDR . Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration SGBV. Sexual and Gender-Based Violence DPKO . Department of Peacekeeping Operations SLWF. Sierra Leone Women’s Forum DRC. Democratic Republic of the Congo SOFEP. Solidarité des Femmes Parliamentaires Burundaises ECOSOC. United Nations Economic and Social Council SRSG . Special Representative of the Secretary-General EU . European Union TRC . Truth and Reconciliation Commission GA . General Assembly UN. United Nations GBV. Gender-Based Violence UNAMSIL. United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone FAWE . Federation of African Women Educationalists UNDP . United Nations Development Program IDP . Internally Displaced Person UNFPA . United Nations Population Fund IMF . International Monetary Fund UNHCR . The Office of the United Nations High IRC . International Rescue Committee Commissioner for Refugees MARWOPNET. Mano River Women’s Peace Network UNIFEM. United Nations Development Fund for Women MDGs . Millennium Development Goals UNIOSIL . United Nations Integrated Office in Sierra Leone MSWGCA . Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and Children’s Affairs UNOCHA. United Nations Office for the Coordination of NEPAD . New Partnership for Africa’s Development . Humanitarian Affairs NGO . Non-governmental organization UNTAET. United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor NGOWG . NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security WB . World Bank ONUB . United Nations Operations in Burundi WC . Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children PBC . Peacebuilding Commission WFP . World Food Program PBF . Peacebuilding Fund PBSO. Peacebuilding Support Office PCS . Peace Consolidation Strategy PRSP . Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper RUF . Revolutionary United Front iv NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security v involve the warring parties in negotiating cease-fire agreements, do not go far Foreword enough in involving communities affected by the war who will be instrumental in building the peace. The PBC must avoid this pitfall. Carolyn McAskie The publication of this report will be an essential tool to guide the PBC in its Assistant Secretary-General, Peacebuilding Support support to Burundi and Sierra Leone in factoring in the elements of women, peace and security. The PBC is taking an extremely practical approach to its work. It is determined to make a difference in real terms, by working with its focus countries I am delighted to contribute this foreword to the Report of the to ensure that the international community, on the basis of national commitments, NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security at the can provide effective advice and financial and technical inputs that will support time of the sixth anniversary of the landmark Security Council countries in this fragile period of post conflict. The gender aspect of this work is resolution 1325. The Peacebuilding Commission, which is the high on its priorities, as expressed in GA Resolution 60/180 creating the PBC. focus of your report this year, is a new creation of Member For my office, the PBSO, this means that we must ensure we have available the States, drawing legitimacy from the General Assembly, appropriate gender expertise to support the work of the commission. There will be ECOSOC and the Security Council, as well as from major troop at least one full time staff member devoted to integrating gender equality and and financial contributors. It has begun work on two countries, women’s empowerment into our work. In addition, the senior policy people will be Sierra Leone and Burundi, both at the requests of the countries themselves and on chosen on the basis of their knowledge of gender issues, and their sensitivity to its referral from the Security Council, and it is on these two countries that this report importance. For my part, as head of the PBSO, I will be vigilant at all times to the is focused. need to view our work through the gender lens. The timing of the Working Group report is extremely useful for the work of the Both Burundi and Sierra Leone have lived through horrific periods where all Peacebuilding Commission and the UN Secretariat Peacebuilding Support Office as forms of violence were acceptable, and are now trying to put all that behind them, well as the newly launched Peacebuilding Fund. These three elements, which make while dealing with the difficult question of impunity. Gender violence has humili- up what is being called the Peacebuilding architecture, have all been enjoined by ated and harmed women and attacked the very fabric of families and communities. Member States to pay particular attention to gender aspects, to equality and to In too many cases women suffered double discrimination as communities rejected empowering women to play an essential role in peacebuilding. At the same time, girls who had been victims of sexual crimes. there is a tremendous flowering of entities engaged in peacebuilding activities, The battle for women’s equality must be fought on many levels, including the whether in civil society, academia or government. need to address violence against women through the justice system. First and fore- The