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Humanitarian Coordination: Lessons from Recent Field Experience

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Humanitarian Coordination: Lessons from Recent Field Experience Humanitarian Coordination: Lessons from Recent Field Experience A study commissioned by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) June 2001 Nicola Reindorp and Peter Wiles Overseas Development Institute London Humanitarian Coordination: Lessons from Recent Field Experience CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................................i SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Objectives and Scope of the Study ....................................................................................................1 1.3 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................2 1.4 Structure .............................................................................................................................................3 SECTION 2: COORDINATION: AN OVERVIEW ....................................................................................4 2.1 Historical Overview .............................................................................................................................4 2.2 Defining Coordination .........................................................................................................................5 2.3 The Parameters of the Coordination Debate in the UN ......................................................................6 2.4 The Challenges of a Changing Context..............................................................................................6 SECTION 3: OBSTACLES AND INCENTIVES TO COORDINATION....................................................8 3.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................................8 3.2 The Obstacles to Coordination ...........................................................................................................9 3.3 So When Does Coordination Happen?.............................................................................................13 3.4 The Ingredients of Success .............................................................................................................13 3.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................18 SECTION 4: THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COORDINATION MODELS.............19 4.1 Do the UN Models Matter? ...............................................................................................................19 4.2 The Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator: the ‘Combined Model’ .....................................................19 4.3 The Humanitarian Coordinator Separate from the Resident Coordinator.........................................20 4.4 The Lead Agency Model...................................................................................................................21 4.5 Conclusion: So Who Should Coordinate? ........................................................................................22 SECTION 5: HOW COORDINATION GETS DONE ..............................................................................24 5.1 Coordinating Integrated Responses: Tasks and Techniques ...........................................................24 5.2 Facilitating Collaboration: Tasks and Services .................................................................................32 5.3 Tools and Structures.........................................................................................................................37 5.4 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................42 SECTION 6: LIAISING WITH MILITARY AND POLITICAL ACTORS .................................................43 6.1 The Drive for Coherence and the View from the Ground ................................................................43 6.2 Views in the UN Secretariat .............................................................................................................44 6.3 The Role of the SRSG ......................................................................................................................44 6.4 Coherence and the Brahimi Report ..................................................................................................45 6.5 The Potential Divisions Among the Humanitarians ..........................................................................45 6.6 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................45 SECTION 7: OCHA'S ROLE..................................................................................................................47 7.1 The Successes .................................................................................................................................47 7.2 The Failures......................................................................................................................................47 7.3 The Threats to Change.....................................................................................................................47 7.4 Conclusion: The Challenges.............................................................................................................48 SECTION 8: CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................50 8.1 The Obstacles and Incentives to Change ........................................................................................50 8.2 The Options for Change ...................................................................................................................50 8.3 The Role of UN Member States and Donors ....................................................................................52 8.4 The Role of the Secretary-General...................................................................................................52 8.5 Consolidated Recommendations .....................................................................................................52 ANNEXES: 1: ToR, 2: Matrix of Coordination Arrangements, 3: DRC Case Study, 4: Somalia Case Study, 5a: Kosovo Case Study, 5b: FRY Case Study, 6: List of Interviewees SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................85 Humanitarian Coordination: Lessons from Recent Field Experience LIST OF ACRONYMS ACABQ Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (UN) ACF Action contre la Faim ALNAP Active Learning Network on Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Assistance CAP Consolidated Appeal Process CCA Common Country Assessment CERF Central Emergency Revolving Fund CHAP Common Humanitarian Action Plan CIMIC Civil-Military Cooperation Commission CRS Catholic Relief Services DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration DEC Disasters Emergency Committee DFID Department for International Development DHA Department of Humanitarian Affairs DPA Department of Political Affairs (UN) DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UN) DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DSRSG Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General EC European Commission ECHA Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs ECHO European Community Humanitarian Office ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECPS Executive Committee on Peace and Security EHI Emergency Humanitarian Initiative EMG Emergency Management Group ERC Emergency Relief Coordinator EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation (UN) FCU Field Coordination Unit FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia FSAU Food Security Assessment Unit GIS Geographic Information System GIST Geographic Information Systems Team HC Humanitarian Coordinator HCIC Humanitarian Community Information Centre HIS Health Information System HLO Humanitarian Liaison Officers HPG Humanitarian Policy Group HPN Humanitarian Practice Network IACU Inter-Agency Coordination Unit IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICVA International Council of Voluntary Agencies IDPs Internally Displaced People IFRC International Federation of the Red Cross IOM International Organisation for Migration INGO International Non-Governmental Organisation IRIN Integrated Regional Information Network JIAS Joint Interim Administrative Structure KFOR Kosovo Force MONUC United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo MoU Memoranda of Understanding MOVCON Movement Control Centres MSF Médicins Sans Frontières NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NGO Non-Governmental Organisation Humanitarian Coordination: Lessons from Recent Field Experience OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ODI Overseas Development Institute OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OED Office of the Executive Delegate OEOA Office for Emergency Operations in Africa OFDA US Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance OSCE Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe
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