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National Strategy: Space Environments and Human Spaceflight

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National Strategy: Space Environments and Human Spaceflight National strategy: Space environments and human spaceflight July 2015 Page 1 Credit: PageESA/NASA. 2 Contents Vision 4 Goals 6 Delivery 8 Governance 13 Annex 1: Definitions and Background 14 Annex 2: List of stakeholders 15 Page 3 1 Vision The UK will be a recognised and valued participant in human spaceflight and space environments research – in low Earth orbit, on analogue platforms and in deep space exploration. Advancing scientific knowledge and technological capabilities as a pathway to growth will positively augment the UK economy and provide measurable societal benefits in sectors such as healthcare, communications and education. Page 4 Credit: NASA (Bill Stafford). 1.2 Introduction This strategy will help ensure that existing 1.5 The Agency will work closely with partners investment is well targeted and will be in academia, industry and government to a guide for future investment decisions, ensure that the UK exploits opportunities providing a framework for further activities. in international programmes to drive The path towards the achievement of the research and innovation, building the vision begins with space-analogue and orbital national research base. It will work closely platforms, expands human presence into the with international space agencies to secure solar system, and ultimately leads to human commercial opportunities for UK companies missions on the sur¬face of Mars or other delivering spaceflight infrastructure, and solar systems planets, moons or asteroids. work to identify downstream sectors which The first steps focus on utilising the ISS, will benefit from the vast range of research expanding the synergies between human and conducted in space and space-analogous robotic missions, and pursuing discovery- environments. Being a ‘valued participant’, driven missions in the lunar vicinity that as referred to in the vision of this strategy, help to develop capabilities and techniques means other nations and space agencies, and needed to go further, as described in the private companies, seeing the UK as a place Global Exploration Roadmap1. with the expertise and capacity to support space environments research and human 1.3 Tim Peake, a former British Army helicopter spaceflight. pilot was selected from thousands of applicants from across Europe to join the 1.6 UK strengths in biomedicine, fundamental ESA Astronaut Corps in 2009. His first mission physics, materials research and space science was announced in May 2013: he will fly on will be advanced through research in space the ISS for a six-month mission commencing environments. The Agency will identify November 2015, becoming the first UK priority areas consistent with those of the Government-backed British astronaut, the national Research Councils and target these first British astronaut to visit the ISS, and a areas in particular, whilst remaining mindful very visible demonstration of UK ambition for that the unique properties of the space human spaceflight. This mission presents an environment may be of interest to research in excellent opportunity to showcase leading virtually any discipline and encouraging new UK science and technology and a unique and innovative interventions. focus to inspire people, especially the young into science. 1.7 The Innovation and Growth Strategy for space (IGS) and the Agency’s Civil Space 1.4 The UK Space Agency will lead national Strategy (CSS)2 provide a clear context for UK activities in space environments research and investment in space. The space environments human spaceflight, coordinating stakeholders and human spaceflight programme, as part and setting a clear national framework. of this broader national picture, is expected This strategy lays out how the Agency will to help deliver the goals set out in the CSS: facilitate UK involvement in these areas, its facilitating excellent science to underpin goals for the sector(s) and how the many growth; encouraging growth through interests in this domain will be balanced to innovation; enabling growth from export; and deliver one coherent overarching programme. providing a unique context for education for growth. 1 The Global Exploration Roadmap, Version 2, published August 2013 by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group – see http://www.globalspaceexploration.org 2 UK Space Agency Civil Space Strategy 2012-2016 – see http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/ukspaceagency/docs/uk-space-agency-civil-space-strategy.pdf Page 5 2 Goals 2.1 Building upon analyses and consultation • To use the interdisciplinary nature undertaken in 2012, the following goals have of these platforms to foster new been identified for the National Strategy. It collaborations should be noted that these are not specific to ESA’s ELIPS and ISS Utilisation programmes, • between scientific disciplines rather they are the goals set by the Agency regardless of the mechanism by which they • between industrial and are delivered. The goals (not in any order of academic partners priority) are: • between the space sector and • To deliver excellent science and ‘non-space’ sectors technology in line with UK priorities • to increase the speed with • with fundamental intellectual which science is taken up and merit and socio-economic commercially exploited impact • To win contracts for UK industry and • utilising a range of space attract new investment in the UK environments platforms, including but not limited to • matching at least the value of the ISS; parabolic flights; drop government investment towers and bed rest facilities • reflecting the UK’s world • with terrestrial benefit, and leading capabilities in downstream application: telecommunications and for example in the areas of propulsion systems and healthcare and materials developing capability in new areas where the UK can take a • positioning the UK for lead leadership of technologies for human exploration beyond • to attract inward investment LEO from foreign companies, where this will complement • To exploit the public fascination and existing UK capabilities enthusiasm for human spaceflight to deliver education • To help prepare the UK for possible future commercial human spaceflight • focussed especially on endeavours encouraging young people to take up STEM3 subjects • by providing a regulatory environment that encourages • in line with the national commercial spaceflight in the curriculum and the Agency’s UK existing education strategy4 • by enabling research in space medicine and human health 3 Science, technology, engineering and maths. Increased uptake in these subjects has been recognised as important for the national economy in general, and for providing the skilled workforce needed by the UK’s growing space industry in particular. See the Space IGS space Growth Action Plan www.bis.gov.uk/assets/ukspaceagency/docs-2013/igs-action-plan.pdf Pp.23 4 www.bis.gov.uk/assets/ukspaceagency/docs/strategy/uk-space-agency-education-strategy-march-2011.pdf Page 6 2.2 In line with the pathways to growth defined in the UK Civil Space Strategy, the programme will open up opportunities for growth from export; drive innovation supporting growth; enable science to underpin growth; contribute significantly to education for growth and position the UK for growth through new opportunities. These criteria will be used to inform future investment decisions. Credit: ESA, NASA, Roscosmos. Page 7 3 Delivery 3.1 As with much of the UK space programme, 3. Subscription to ESA programmes delivery will be in cooperation with a range of partners. Primarily, the role of the Agency 3.4 Option 1 could have some merit in enabling is to provide funding for access to space relatively quick access to partners’ existing infrastructure; other bodies are responsible facilities. However, it would be costly and for the exploitation thereof. As a simple likely to result in unequal relationships: the example, the Agency may fund the launch UK does not have the infrastructure so will costs and payload development for a science inevitably be the junior partner, thus subject experiment, but a research funder (such to the whims of the other nation. Some as one of the national Research Councils) partners may be considered more reliable would fund the utilisation of any data the than others, but there will always be an experiment delivers. The situation with element of risk involved. space environments research is slightly more complex as it covers a broad range of Examples may include cooperating with facilities and requires interfaces with many China, delivering British science on the different national funders, each with its own Shenzhou and Tiangong platforms, or policies. contribution to NASA-led initiatives on the ISS. The high element of risk in doing so, and 3.2 Secondarily, due to the cross-disciplinary the inability of the UK to plan a long-term nature of space environments and human strategy with confidence are impediments to spaceflight research, many organisations may solely pursuing this route. It could however have a stake, and the Agency must effectively complement a broader programme of activity coordinate the various interested parties. The and the Agency will remain alert to the division of responsibilities between different potential for such partnerships and assess on national funders necessitates continued merit any missions of opportunity that arise. communication between the Agency and other bodies; the Agency will effectively 3.5 Option 2 is still in its infancy, though great follow Research Councils’ existing research progress is being made. Alongside
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