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Urban History of Darjeeling Through Phases : a Study of Society, Economy and Polity "The Queen of the Himalayas"
URBAN HISTORY OF DARJEELING THROUGH PHASES : A STUDY OF SOCIETY, ECONOMY AND POLITY OF "THE QUEEN OF THE HIMALAYAS" THESIS SUBMITTED BY SMT. NUPUR DAS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY (ARTS) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL 2007 RESEARCH SUPERVISOR Dr. Dilip Kumar Sarkar Controller of Examinations University of North Bengal CO-SUPERVISOR Professor Pradip Kumar Sengupta Department of Political Science University of North Bengal J<*eP 35^. \A 7)213 UL l.^i87(J7 0 \ OCT 2001 CONTENTS Page No. Preface (i)- (ii) PROLOGUE 01 - 25 Chapter- I : PRE-COLONIAL DARJEELING ... 26 - 48 Chapter- II : COLONIAL URBAN DARJEELING ... 49-106 Chapter-III : POST COLONIAL URBAN SOCIAL DARJEELING ... 107-138 Chapter - IV : POST-COLONIAL URBAN ECONOMIC DARJEELING ... 139-170 Chapter - V : POST-COLONIAL URBAN POLITICAL DARJEELING ... 171-199 Chapter - VI : EPILOGUE 200-218 BIBLIOGRAPHY ,. 219-250 APPENDICES : 251-301 (APPENDIX I to XII) PHOTOGRAPHS PREFACE My interest in the study of political history of Urban Darjeeling developed about two decades ago when I used to accompany my father during his official visits to the different corners of the hills of Darjeeling. Indeed, I have learnt from him my first lesson of history, society, economy, politics and administration of the hill town Darjeeling. My rearing in Darjeeling hills (from Kindergarten to College days) helped me to understand the issues with a difference. My parents provided the every possible congenial space to learn and understand the history of Darjeeling and history of the people of Darjeeling. Soon after my post- graduation from this University, located in the foot-hills of the Darjeeling Himalayas, I was encouraged to take up a study on Darjeeling by my teachers. -
Tibetan Bodhisattvas
BULK RATE U.S. POSTAGE PAID ITHACA, NY 14851 Permit No. 746 Address correction requested SNOW LION ORDER FROM OUR TOLL FREE NUMBER NEWSLETTER & CATALOG 1-800-950-0313 FALL 1993 SNOW LION PUBLICATIONS PO BOX 6483, ITHACA, NY 14851, (607)-273-8506 ISSN 1059-3691 VOLUME 8, NUMBER 4 experience good health, prosperi- THE TASHI GOMANG ty or the enrichment of spiritual NEW HEAD OF qualities, so it creates difficulty in their lives. Building a stupa des- STUPA troys and pacifies such negative NYINGMA TRADITION by Mark Elliott energies and enriches the qualities for all inhabitants." Further, the In 1980 His Holiness the XVI proper container for these remains stupa will act as a source of bless- Gyalwa Karmapa came to the Baca is therefore a stupa, which will en- ings and place of pilgrimage to Grande, a large estate in the remote shrine the aspirations, blessings people of all faiths, will give peo- San Luis Valley of southern and form of the teacher. The Tashi ple a way to remember and reflect Colorado, at the invitation of Gomang Stupa will contain relics on the qualities of the XVI Kar- Maurice and Hanne Strong. Dur- of Sakyamuni Buddha, of His mapa and allow people who vener- ing his visit His Holiness had a vi- Holiness the XVI Gyalwa Karma- ate it to join their minds with the sion that this would be a place pa, and of many highly realized mind of the Buddhas and Bodhi- where the rich legacy of Tibetan Bodhisattvas. In addition one hun- sattvas. Buddhism could be transplanted, dred thousand tsa-tsas, or minia- At first the task of building such preserved and passed on to future ture stupas, are being made by a stupa seemed to us rather in- generations. -
Course of Study MFA in Sculputre
Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The Department of Fine Arts, Courses of Study Semester Curriculum of Master of Fine Arts (MFA) Sculpture Dean's Office Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences TU Kirtipur 2019 0 Contents 1. MFA Sculpture Courses 2. Aims and Objectives 3. Qualification for Admission 4. Rules of Admission 5. Brief Outline of the Course 6. Provision of Advisor 7. Research Committee 8. Evaluation of Course works 9. Classification of Result Examinations 10. Tuition and other Frees for MFA Sculpture 11. Course Format 12. Recommended Books 1 1. MFA Sculpture Courses Master of Fine Arts in Sculpture Student will make creative and advance work in any of the selected subjects. Creative composition / monumental sculpture / portraiture /Life (full figure) The duration of the full time course consists of 65 credits for the post Graduate Degree in Master of Art in Sculpture. The program shall be two academic years consisting four semesters, One academic year = two semesters, Minimum attendance for eligibility in the final examination is 50% mandatory 10 marks will be given for 75% of attendance Diary and portfolio should be maintained in practical subject 2. Aims and Objectives The Master of Fine Art course (Creative composition, Monumental sculpture / portraiture, Full figure) aims to promote creative growth, innovative technical and conceptual development of student who wishes to prepare him /her professional in the respective field of Fine Arts. MFA program is grounded in the tradition of material exploration where students also engage with historical and contemporary research on critical discourse on arts. -
Kathmandu Guidebook.P65
AttractionsAttractions ininKathmanduKathmandu AND ITS SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT A GUIDE BOOK Ananda Kumar Maharjan Ammar Raj Guni Attractions in Kathmandu AND ITS SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT A GUIDE BOOK Ananda Kumar Maharjan Ammar Raj Guni Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................... Traveland Tourismhas been regarded as the world's biggest business and most fruitful industry in the world and many nations have made heavy investments in this sector. Nepal is an important tourist destination in the world tourism map with its vast potentials of natural attractions, socio-cultural values and archaeological heritages. Tourismhas wider implications encompassing not only economic benefits but also social and cultural benefits as well. It also encompasses environmental, educational and political significance. Nepal offers tourists a breath-taking experience of nature and ever-present mountain scenery, including Everest, the world's highest peak. Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal has an incredibly rich cultural heritage, both built and living. This includes intriguing historic living cities, overflowing with monuments some of which are of great antiquity. It has many styles of traditional settlement, all set against some of the world's most dramatic mountain scenery. Festivals, often dating from pre-history, still abound and are filled with vitality and colour. The city is blessed by a pleasant year-round climate, affording stunning mountain views for much of the year. In addition to this the city is peopled by an unfailingly friendly population who are generally very happy to share their innate hospitality as well as their many customs and traditions with visitors. Kathmandu has an immense amount to offer both the general and special interest visitor and it developed as one of the world's most fashionable long haul exotic destinations. -
Dina Bangdel (*1963-2017) by Christiane Brosius
Dina Bangdel (*1963-2017) by Christiane Brosius Dina Bangdel is no more, at least not on this earth. She died on 25 July 2017 in a US-American hospital from the aftermath of a sinus-operation and meningitis. With her demise, we pay farewell not only to a remarkable scholar and energetic colleague, but also to a passionate teacher, facilitator and curator of art in Nepal, both in Nepal and beyond. With most of her higher education undertaken in the USA, she received her PhD from Ohio State University. Since several years, she was director of Art History Program at Virginia Commonwealth University in Doha, Qatar. She was also on the Board of Directors of the Nepal Art Council, among other positions of patronage and expertise. At the time Dina fell ill, she was involved in many different activities, most in collaboration with different agents and institutions, both in Nepal and internationally. She had several exhibitions in the planning: one exhibition was a retrospective on the work of her belated father Lain Singh Bangdel, famous ‘pioneer’ of Nepal’s modern art. Another exhibition on Buddhist art was planned, with the Musee Guimet, a precious Paris museum concentrating on Asian art. In March 2017, she curated an exhibition in the context of the Kathmandu Triennale 2017, entitled Built / Unbuilt : Home/City, involving artists based in Doha and artists from Kathmandu, Nepal. One of her attempts was that of enabling respectful dialogue – between ‘traditional’ and ‘contemporary’, but also between Nepali and international art worlds. She brought Qatari art history students to India, to visit the Kochi Biennale and the India Art Fair in Delhi (2015), she invited Doha-based artists to Nepal, to learn more about art from Nepal, from each other. -
Language Politics and State Policy in Nepal: a Newar Perspective
Language Politics and State Policy in Nepal: A Newar Perspective A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Tsukuba In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Public Policy Suwarn VAJRACHARYA 2014 To my mother, who taught me the value in a mother tongue and my father, who shared the virtue of empathy. ii Map-1: Original Nepal (Constituted of 12 districts) and Present Nepal iii Map-2: Nepal Mandala (Original Nepal demarcated by Mandalas) iv Map-3: Gorkha Nepal Expansion (1795-1816) v Map-4: Present Nepal by Ecological Zones (Mountain, Hill and Tarai zones) vi Map-5: Nepal by Language Families vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents viii List of Maps and Tables xiv Acknowledgements xv Acronyms and Abbreviations xix INTRODUCTION Research Objectives 1 Research Background 2 Research Questions 5 Research Methodology 5 Significance of the Study 6 Organization of Study 7 PART I NATIONALISM AND LANGUAGE POLITICS: VICTIMS OF HISTORY 10 CHAPTER ONE NEPAL: A REFLECTION OF UNITY IN DIVERSITY 1.1. Topography: A Unique Variety 11 1.2. Cultural Pluralism 13 1.3. Religiousness of People and the State 16 1.4. Linguistic Reality, ‘Official’ and ‘National’ Languages 17 CHAPTER TWO THE NEWAR: AN ACCOUNT OF AUTHORS & VICTIMS OF THEIR HISTORY 2.1. The Newar as Authors of their history 24 2.1.1. Definition of Nepal and Newar 25 2.1.2. Nepal Mandala and Nepal 27 Territory of Nepal Mandala 28 viii 2.1.3. The Newar as a Nation: Conglomeration of Diverse People 29 2.1.4. -
Vlastimil Neċas
Bodhi, 4 (1), 100-110. ISSN 2091-0479. © 2010 Kathmandu University 100 Uprety, Cultural aesthetics ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Cultural aesthetics of the contemporary - Sanjeev Uprety The concept of ―contemporary‖ can function as an umbrella term to encompass the cultural forms of both modernity and post-modernity.1 In simple words contemporary is what is happening now, including the novels and stories being written, arts and sculptures being exhibited, and music being produced. In a way it is easier to understand the cultural aesthetics of the contemporary – especially in comparison to the loaded terms such as modernity and post-modernity – because we are all living within the shifting frames of our contemporary times. We have all experienced what contemporary means in relation to our lived experiences to the historical present. The concept of the contemporary is not a fixed entity; rather, it keeps on changing with time. It seems reasonable to suppose that the contemporary cultural practices of the Panchayat era Nepali subjects were different from the contemporary cultural forms of their ancestors living during Malla and Rana periods. Deeply affected by the ―global flows,‖ contemporary Nepali cultures in the first decades of the twenty first century are similarly different from the contemporary cultures of the 1 There have been a number of contradictory arguments concerning the theory and praxis of modernity and postmodernity. According to the thinkers like Jean Baudrillard and Francois Lyotard, there is a major gulf between the world views and cultures of modernity and postmodernity. Lyotard, for example, believes that modern culture is characterized by a search for metanarratives; narratives that explain the world and social totality by positing certain universal truths and universal modes of perception and interpretation. -
Everything I Learned About Nepali Literature Is Wrong | 217
(ALMOST) EVERYTHING I LEARNED ABOUT NEPALI LITERATURE IS WRONG | 217 Chautari Foundation Lecture 2018 (ALMOST) EVERYTHING I LEARNED ABOUT NEPALI LITERATURE IS WRONG Manjushree Thapa I’ve been rethinking my sense of Nepali literature, and am pleased to have a chance to share my thoughts at Martin Chautari, an organization that I played a very small role in founding back in the 1990s, when it was an informal discussion group among “development” workers.1 Most of us, at the time, were foreign-educated, or actual foreigners. We were well meaning, but we were seeking an intellectual life without any links to Nepal’s own intellectual traditions in the political parties, the universities, the writers and activists. It was particularly under Pratyoush Onta’s leadership that Martin Chautari developed these links and became a site where foreign-educated Nepalis, foreigners, and Nepal’s own intellectual traditions could meet for open debate. Knowledge-generation is a collective enterprise. It is not an endeavor a person undertakes in isolation. I’ve written and spoken before on the thoughts I’ll share here, first in the introduction (Thapa 2017a) to La.Lit, A Literary Magazine Volume 8 (Special issue: Translations from the Margins), which I edited (Thapa 2017b), and then at two talks for the Himalayan Studies Conference at the University of Colorado, in Boulder, in September 2017, and for the Nepal Studies Initiative at the University of Washington, in Seattle, in April 2018. This lecture is a crystallizing of those thoughts, which are still in formation. One caveat: I am not a scholar, but a writer; I am engaged in what Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak calls the “wild practice” (2012: 394). -
RET 30 Cover +
Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines numéro trente — Octobre 2014 Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines numéro trente — Octobre 2014 ISSN 1768-2959 Directeur : Jean-Luc Achard. Comité de rédaction : Anne Chayet, Alice Travers, Jean-Luc Achard. Comité de lecture : Ester Bianchi (Università degli Studi di Perugia), Anne Chayet (CNRS), Fabienne Jagou (EFEO), Rob Mayer (Oriental Institute, University of Oxford), Fernand Meyer (CNRS-EPHE), Françoise Pommaret (CNRS), Ramon Prats (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Charles Ramble (EPHE, CNRS), Françoise Robin (INALCO), Brigitte Steinman (Université de Lille), Alice Travers (CNRS), Jean-Luc Achard (CNRS). Périodicité La périodicité de la Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines est généralement bi-annuelle, les mois de parution étant, sauf indication contraire, Octobre et Avril. Les contributions doivent parvenir au moins six (6) mois à l’avance. Les dates de proposition d’articles au comité de lecture sont Novembre pour une parution en Avril, et Mai pour une parution en Octobre. Participation La participation est ouverte aux membres statutaires des équipes CNRS, à leurs membres associés, aux doctorants et aux chercheurs non-affiliés. Les articles et autres contributions sont proposées aux membres du comité de lecture et sont soumis à l’approbation des membres du comité de rédaction. Les articles et autres contributions doivent être inédits ou leur ré- édition doit être justifiée et soumise à l’approbation des membres du comité de lecture. Les documents doivent parvenir sous la forme de fichiers Word, envoyés à l’adresse du directeur ([email protected]). Comptes-rendus Les livres proposés pour compte-rendu doivent être envoyés à la Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, 22, avenue du Président Wilson, 75016 Paris. -
Bhaktapur, Nepal's Cow Procession and the Improvisation of Tradition
FORGING SPACE: BHAKTAPUR, NEPAL’S COW PROCESSION AND THE IMPROVISATION OF TRADITION By: GREGORY PRICE GRIEVE Grieve, Gregory P. ―Forging a Mandalic Space: Bhaktapur, Nepal‘s Cow Procession and the Improvisation of Tradition,‖ Numen 51 (2004): 468-512. Made available courtesy of Brill Academic Publishers: http://www.brill.nl/nu ***Note: Figures may be missing from this format of the document Abstract: In 1995, as part of Bhaktapur, Nepal‘s Cow Procession, the new suburban neighborhood of Suryavinayak celebrated a ―forged‖ goat sacrifice. Forged religious practices seem enigmatic if one assumes that traditional practice consists only of the blind imitation of timeless structure. Yet, the sacrifice was not mechanical repetition; it could not be, because it was the first and only time it was celebrated. Rather, the religious performance was a conscious manipulation of available ―traditional‖ cultural logics that were strategically utilized during the Cow Procession‘s loose carnivalesque atmosphere to solve a contemporary problem—what can one do when one lives beyond the borders of religiously organized cities such as Bhaktapur? This paper argues that the ―forged‖ sacrifice was a means for this new neighborhood to operate together and improvise new mandalic space beyond the city‘s traditional cultic territory. Article: [E]very field anthropologist knows that no performance of a rite, however rigidly prescribed, is exactly the same as another performance.... Variable components make flexible the basic core of most rituals. ~Tambiah 1979:115 In Bhaktapur, Nepal around 5.30 P.M. on August 19, 1995, a castrated male goat was sacrificed to Suryavinayak, the local form of the god Ganesha.1 As part of the city‘s Cow Procession (nb. -
Nepali Times Is One Year Old Impatient with a Boss Who Wouldn’T Step Down, with This Issue
#52 20 - 26 July 2001 20 pages Rs 20 Happy #52 Birthday PUBLISHER’S NOTE Koirala is out of sight, but not out of mind One year young ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ The Nepali Times is one year old resolve the Maoist insurgency. Having finally succeeded to get the army out to with this issue. In that short time it “He had made up his mind to leave long ago, rescue police in Rolpa, Koirala was buoyant last has truly become Nepal’s top but he was waiting for the right moment,” a senior week, and thought he could hang on a little longer. After vacillating for months and after newspaper. We said last year we EXIT Nepali Congress minister told us. That moment Impatient with a boss who wouldn’t step down, surviving one crisis after another, Prime would aspire to be a reflection of was the brouhaha over Koirala’s off-the-cuff Deputy Prime Minister Ram Chandra Poudel quit Minister Girija Prasad Koirala finally decided speech at the FNCCI meeting on Tuesday in last week. Poudel will now be among the our times, a journal to record the to step down Thursday. It took the combined which he said in Nepali: “Today, Nepal has wannabes along with Sher Bahadur Deuba and life and times of Nepalis in the effort of powerful dissidents within his own reached a stage where it could become a foreign minister Chakra Bastola. Even Krishna decades ahead. A newspaper party, the opposition led by the UML, and the playground for foreign powers…let’s not be Prasad Bhattarai thinks he can do a hat-trick. -
Chemjong Cornellgrad 0058F
“LIMBUWAN IS OUR HOME-LAND, NEPAL IS OUR COUNTRY”: HISTORY, TERRITORY, AND IDENTITY IN LIMBUWAN’S MOVEMENT A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Dambar Dhoj Chemjong December 2017 © 2017 Dambar Dhoj Chemjong “LIMBUWAN IS OUR HOME, NEPAL IS OUR COUNTRY”: HISTORY, TERRITORY, AND IDENTITY IN LIMBUWAN’S MOVEMENT Dambar Dhoj Chemjong, Ph. D. Cornell University 2017 This dissertation investigates identity politics in Nepal and collective identities by studying the ancestral history, territory, and place-naming of Limbus in east Nepal. This dissertation juxtaposes political movements waged by Limbu indigenous people with the Nepali state makers, especially aryan Hindu ruling caste groups. This study examines the indigenous people’s history, particularly the history of war against conquerors, as a resource for political movements today, thereby illustrating the link between ancestral pasts and present day political relationships. Ethnographically, this dissertation highlights the resurrection of ancestral war heroes and invokes war scenes from the past as sources of inspiration for people living today, thereby demonstrating that people make their own history under given circumstances. On the basis of ethnographic examples that speak about the Limbus’ imagination and political movements vis-à-vis the Limbuwan’s history, it is argued in this dissertation that there can not be a singular history of Nepal. Rather there are multiple histories in Nepal, given that the people themselves are producers of their own history. Based on ethnographic data, this dissertation also aims to debunk the received understanding across Nepal that the history of Nepal was built by Kings.