DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Cincinnati

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Cincinnati U UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Date: 5-25-09 I, Justin Sirico Stroup , hereby submit this original work as part of the requirements for the degree of: Masters of Science in Geology It is entitled: Glacial Lake Ojibway, lacustrine stratigraphy and implications for drainage Justin S. Stroup Student Signature: This work and its defense approved by: Committee Chair: Dr. Thomas Lowell Dr. Andy Breckenridge Dr. Warren Huff Dr. Madeleine Briskin Approval of the electronic document: I have reviewed the Thesis/Dissertation in its final electronic format and certify that it is an accurate copy of the document reviewed and approved by the committee. Committee Chair signature: Dr. Thomas Lowell Glacial Lake Ojibway, lacustrine stratigraphy and implications for drainage By Justin Sirico Stroup B.S., Lehigh University 2007 A thesis Presented to the University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Science In the Department of Geology College of Arts and Sciences 2009 Committee Chair: Dr. Thomas V. Lowell ABSTRACT Some short term climate reversals on the order of centuries are perceived to be generated by coupled feed backs in individual systems. It has been hypothesized that a significant pulse of fresh deglaciated water could be responsible for the capping of the upwelling and gyre circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean consequently forcing a cooling in global temperature and a climate reversal. The catastrophic drainage of Lake Ojibway into the North Atlantic is a proposed trigger for the 8200 Cal. BP year cooling event. The objective of this study is to identify the stratigraphic signature of lake drainage and to assign some chronology to the stratigraphy. A stratigraphic record was developed based on cores from eleven lakes in transect from northeast Ontario 240 km southeast into the province of Quebec. The interpreted stratigraphy consists of a post Cochrane re-advance, ice proximal and distal sedimentation before final drainage and post drainage landscape stabilization. This stratigraphic record of Lake Ojibway provides a unique record which may be incorporated into a larger data set. Refined chronostratigraphic results may be integrated into larger studies with the objective of demonstrating a causal relationship between lake drainage, the capping of the North Atlantic circulation and a reversal in climate regime within the warmer Holocene. I II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee, Thomas Lowell, Warren Huff, Andy Breckenridge and Madeleine Briskin for their mentorship and help in revising this manuscript. Special thanks to Joanne Ballard for discussion and help in the laboratory and to Tammy Gerke for help with XRF geochemistry. I would like to thank all those who have supported me both directly in this work and indirectly as friends. Thanks to Limnological Research Center at the University of Minnesota for help in initial core processing and to Erik Brown at the University of Minnesota, Duluth for XRF core scans. I would like to express gratitude to NSF for their support through grant number EAR0643144 and to Sigma XI and GSA for their grants for graduate research. III TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ III List of figures .................................................................................................................... VI List of tables .................................................................................................................... VII Appendix .......................................................................................................................... IX Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Proposed climate change triggering mechanism ....................................................... 1 Scope......................................................................................................................... 3 Background and previous Work ........................................................................................ 3 The formation of Lake Ojibway and Early works ....................................................... 3 Cochrane Re-advance ............................................................................................... 4 Methods ............................................................................................................................ 6 Site Selection and core recovery .................................................................................. 6 Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 8 Initial core processing ................................................................................................ 8 Core imaging ......................................................................................................... 8 High-resolution Magnetic Susceptibility ................................................................ 8 Density and Low Resolution Magnetic Susceptibility ............................................ 8 Gamma density ..................................................................................................... 8 Rhythmites Varves ....................................................................................................... 8 Chronology 14C dating .................................................................................................. 9 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) ................................................................................................. 9 Loss on Ignition ............................................................................................................ 9 Grain size ..................................................................................................................... 9 Sediment Chemistry X-ray Florescence .................................................................... 12 Results ............................................................................................................................ 12 Stratigraphy: Reference sections ............................................................................... 12 Physical Core descriptions ......................................................................................... 15 Higher elevation - Reid Lake ................................................................................... 15 Lower elevation - Lillabelle Lake .............................................................................. 17 Stratigraphic summary and basin correlation ............................................................. 19 IV Other cores ................................................................................................................. 19 Core analyses ............................................................................................................. 22 Magnetic susceptibility (K) and Density ................................................................... 22 Loss on ignition ........................................................................................................ 22 XRF Chemistry ........................................................................................................ 24 Chronology 14C ........................................................................................................ 27 Investigation of the pellet unit ..................................................................................... 30 Pellet unit summary and discussion ........................................................................... 33 Investigation of the laminated unit .............................................................................. 36 Laminated unit summary and discussion ................................................................... 39 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 40 Stratigraphy leading up to the Cochrane re-advance ................................................. 40 Stratigraphy above the Cochrane up to drainage ....................................................... 40 Identification of drainage ............................................................................................ 44 Drainage hypotheses .................................................................................................. 45 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 46 References Cited ............................................................................................................ 48 Appendix ......................................................................................................................... 50 V List of figures Fig 1. Study area location and background .................................................................. 2 Fig 2. Idealized stratigraphy ......................................................................................... 5 Fig 3. Reconstructed digital elevation model (DEM) for isostatic rebound ................... 7 Fig 4. Reconstructed paleo water depth model .......................................................... 11 Fig 5. Image of varve, pellet, and laminated units ...................................................... 13 Fig 6. Simplified
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ®V ®V ®V ®V ®V
    ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 82°0'W 81°30'W 81°0'W 80°30'W 80°0'W 79°30'W ! ! ! ! ! ! ! N ' N ' 0 0 3 ° 3 ! ° 450559 460559 470559 480559 490559 500559 510559 520559 530559 0 0 5 5 ! v® Hospitals Provincial Highway ! ² 450558 460558 470558 480558 490558 500558 510558 520558 530558 ^_ Landing Sites Primary Road ! ! ! ! Utility Line Branch Road 430557 440557 450! 557 460557 470557 480557 490557 500557 510557 520557 530557 Railway Line ! ! 430556 440556 450556 460556 470556 480556 490556 500556 510556 520556 530556 5 2.5 0 5 10 15 ! Kilometers 1:800,000 ! ! ! ! 45! 0! 555 430555 440555 460555 470555 480555 490555 500555 510555 520555 530555 540555 550555 560555 570555 580555 590555 600555 ! ad ! ! o ^_ e R ak y L dre ! P u ! A O ! it t 6 t 1 e r o 430554 440554 450554 460554 470554 480554 490554 500554 510554 520554 530554 540554 550554 560554 570554 580554 590554 600554 r R R d! o ! d a y ! a ad a p H d o N i ' N o d R ' 0 ! s e R n ° 0 i 1 ° ! R M 0 h r d ! ! 0 u c o 5 Flatt Ext a to red ! F a a 5 e o e d D 4 R ! B 1 430553 440553 45055! 3 460553 470553 480553 490553 500553 510553 520553 530553 540553 550553 560553 570553 580553 590553 600553 R ! ! S C ! ! Li ttle d L Newpost Road ! a o ! ng ! o d R ! o R a a o d e ! R ! s C ! o e ! ! L 450552! ! g k i 430552 440552 ! 460552 470552 480552 490552 500552 510552 520552 530552 540552 550552 560552 570552 580552 590552 600552 C a 0 e ! n ! L U n S 1 i o ! ! ! R y p L ! N a p l ! y 8 C e e ^_ ! r k ^_ K C ! o ! S ! ! R a m t ! 8 ! t ! ! ! S a ! ! ! w ! ! 550551 a ! 430551 440551 450551
    [Show full text]
  • POPULATION PROFILE 2006 Census Porcupine Health Unit
    POPULATION PROFILE 2006 Census Porcupine Health Unit Kapuskasing Iroquois Falls Hearst Timmins Porcupine Cochrane Moosonee Hornepayne Matheson Smooth Rock Falls Population Profile Foyez Haque, MBBS, MHSc Public Health Epidemiologist published by: Th e Porcupine Health Unit Timmins, Ontario October 2009 ©2009 Population Profile - 2006 Census Acknowledgements I would like to express gratitude to those without whose support this Population Profile would not be published. First of all, I would like to thank the management committee of the Porcupine Health Unit for their continuous support of and enthusiasm for this publication. Dr. Dennis Hong deserves a special thank you for his thorough revision. Thanks go to Amanda Belisle for her support with editing, creating such a wonderful cover page, layout and promotion of the findings of this publication. I acknowledge the support of the Statistics Canada for history and description of the 2006 Census and also the definitions of the variables. Porcupine Health Unit – 1 Population Profile - 2006 Census 2 – Porcupine Health Unit Population Profile - 2006 Census Table of Contents Acknowledgements . 1 Preface . 5 Executive Summary . 7 A Brief History of the Census in Canada . 9 A Brief Description of the 2006 Census . 11 Population Pyramid. 15 Appendix . 31 Definitions . 35 Table of Charts Table 1: Population distribution . 12 Table 2: Age and gender characteristics. 14 Figure 3: Aboriginal status population . 16 Figure 4: Visible minority . 17 Figure 5: Legal married status. 18 Figure 6: Family characteristics in Ontario . 19 Figure 7: Family characteristics in Porcupine Health Unit area . 19 Figure 8: Low income cut-offs . 20 Figure 11: Mother tongue .
    [Show full text]
  • Laurentide Ice-Flow Patterns: a Historical Review, and Implications of the Dispersal of Belcher Islands Erratics"
    Article "Laurentide Ice-Flow Patterns: A Historical Review, and Implications of the Dispersal of Belcher Islands Erratics" Victor K. Prest Géographie physique et Quaternaire, vol. 44, n° 2, 1990, p. 113-136. Pour citer cet article, utiliser l'information suivante : URI: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032812ar DOI: 10.7202/032812ar Note : les règles d'écriture des références bibliographiques peuvent varier selon les différents domaines du savoir. Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter à l'URI https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal, l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998. Pour communiquer avec les responsables d'Érudit : [email protected] Document téléchargé le 12 février 2017 05:36 Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1990, vol. 44, n°2, p. 113-136, 29 fig., 1 tabl LAURENTIDE ICE-FLOW PATTERNS A HISTORIAL REVIEW, AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE DISPERSAL OF BELCHER ISLAND ERRATICS Victor K. PREST, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8. ABSTRACT This paper deals with the evo­ Archean upland. Similar erratics are common en se fondant sur la croissance glaciaire vers lution of ideas concerning the configuration of in northern Manitoba in the zone of confluence l'ouest à partir du Québec-Labrador.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017, Jones Road, Near Blackhawk, RAIN (Photo: Michael Dawber)
    Edited and Compiled by Rick Cavasin and Jessica E. Linton Toronto Entomologists’ Association Occasional Publication # 48-2018 European Skippers mudpuddling, July 6, 2017, Jones Road, near Blackhawk, RAIN (Photo: Michael Dawber) Dusted Skipper, April 20, 2017, Ipperwash Beach, LAMB American Snout, August 6, 2017, (Photo: Bob Yukich) Dunes Beach, PRIN (Photo: David Kaposi) ISBN: 978-0-921631-53-7 Ontario Lepidoptera 2017 Edited and Compiled by Rick Cavasin and Jessica E. Linton April 2018 Published by the Toronto Entomologists’ Association Toronto, Ontario Production by Jessica Linton TORONTO ENTOMOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION Board of Directors: (TEA) Antonia Guidotti: R.O.M. Representative Programs Coordinator The TEA is a non-profit educational and scientific Carolyn King: O.N. Representative organization formed to promote interest in insects, to Publicity Coordinator encourage cooperation among amateur and professional Steve LaForest: Field Trips Coordinator entomologists, to educate and inform non-entomologists about insects, entomology and related fields, to aid in the ONTARIO LEPIDOPTERA preservation of insects and their habitats and to issue Published annually by the Toronto Entomologists’ publications in support of these objectives. Association. The TEA is a registered charity (#1069095-21); all Ontario Lepidoptera 2017 donations are tax creditable. Publication date: April 2018 ISBN: 978-0-921631-53-7 Membership Information: Copyright © TEA for Authors All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be Annual dues: reproduced or used without written permission. Individual-$30 Student-free (Association finances permitting – Information on submitting records, notes and articles to beyond that, a charge of $20 will apply) Ontario Lepidoptera can be obtained by contacting: Family-$35 Jessica E.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Storage and Potential Methane Production in the Hudson Bay Lowlands Since Mid-Holocene Peat Initiation
    ARTICLE Received 28 Aug 2013 | Accepted 9 May 2014 | Published 11 Jun 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5078 Carbon storage and potential methane production in the Hudson Bay Lowlands since mid-Holocene peat initiation Maara S. Packalen1, Sarah A. Finkelstein2 & James W. McLaughlin3 Peatlands have influenced Holocene carbon (C) cycling by storing atmospheric C and releasing methane (CH4). Yet, our understanding of contributions from the world’s second largest peatland, the Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL), Canada, to peat-climate-C-dynamics is constrained by the paucity of dated peat records and regional C-data. Here we examine HBL peatland development in relation to Holocene C-dynamics. We show that peat initiation in the HBL is tightly coupled with glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) through most of the record, and occurred within suitable climatic conditions for peatland development. HBL peatlands initiated most intensively in the mid-Holocene, when GIA was most rapid and climate was cooler and drier. As the peat mass developed, we estimate that the HBL potentially released 1–7 Tg CH4 per year during the late Holocene. Our results indicate that the HBL currently stores a C-pool of B30 Pg C and provide support for a peatland-derived CH4 contribution to the late Holocene atmosphere. 1 Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3. 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B1. 3 Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.S.P.
    [Show full text]
  • T H E T H E a Mt R a K a Mt R a K Syst E M Syst
    TT H H E E AA M M T T R R A A K K® SS Y Y S S T T E E M M serving over 500 destinations plus 400 destinations served by VIA Rail Canada Kitwanga Prince New Hazelton Churchill Rupert Cedarvale Smithers Tidal Kwinitsa Usk Digges Terrace Telkwa Gillam NEWFOUNDLAND Fort Fraser Pukatawagan Houston VanderhoofAleza Lake Wivenhoe Burns Lake Endako Hutton ALBERTA Keewatin Railway Company Bridgar Prince Penny Thompson Pit Siding George Dome Creek Sherridon Arnot McBride Hinton Edson Wabowden BRITISH Dunster Evansburg Sipiwesk COLUMBIA Edmonton Cranberry Portage Valemount Turnbull Jasper Viking SASKATCHEWAN Dering QUÉBEC NEWFOUNDLAND Blue River The Pas Whistler Wainwright PembertonAshcroft Clearwater Unity Hudson Bay MANITOBA Courtenay Squamish Biggar Reserve Kamloops North Endeavour ONTARIO Moosonee Gaspé Parksville North Bend Saskatoon Sturgis Moose River Percé Nanaimo Boston Bar Ontario Northland Mont-Joli Vancouver Canora Roblin Chandler North Grandview Railway Coral Amqui Watrous Dauphin Rimouski Matapédia PRINCE EDWARD Victoria Bellingham Cascades ISLAND Port Angeles Nat. Park Glacier Trois- Sydney Mount Vernon Nat. Melville McCreary ArmstrongAuden Kapuskasing Fraserdale Jonquière Pistoles Olympic Nat. Park Everett Omak Park Sioux Lookout Nakina Hearst Chambord Charlottetown Seattle Portage la Prairie Redditt Smooth Rock Falls Bathurst Rogersville WASHINGTON SandpointLibby Elma Brereton Lake Caramat Cochrane Campbellton West Glacier Longlac SenneterreClova Parent Windigo Sainte- Moncton Olympia-Lacey BrowningCut Bank SavantLake Oba Matheson Rivière-du-Loup Tacoma WentacheeEphrata Shelby Rivers Hornepayne Timmins Foy Amherst Centralia Whitefish Brandon Winnipeg Minaki Red Lake Algoma Central Railway Swastika Sussex Astoria Mt. Rainier Moses Lake North Road La Tuque Québec Nat. Park Spokane Essex White River Foleyet Englehart Forsythe Hibbard Hervey Truro Kelso-Longview Colfax East Glacier Havre Stanley Rugby Saint John Halifax Bingen-White Salmon Pullman Gogama New Liskeard MAINE Vancouver Park Malta Devils Lake Voyageurs Franz Grand’Mère Charny Wishram Moscow Nat.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Road Map of Ontario
    o ojikitM L. ik N th W p ercyP L. Pitukupi r a a 14 o k 7 K 8 9 10 11 12 13 N 15 h Stone L. Onakawana w s 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 82° 81° a fi y k L. r o N c e w v e a i ka J R t Ara L. to C r s Abamasagi e t g g O er iv ic a L. wnin R Riv R m ro iv i D e C e O'Sullivan L R. l r t i R H t it F L. t F Jog L. l L e . ge O Marshall Rid i I R MISSINAIBI m R L. a A Ferland R g T Esnagami N ta a i t O Mud k b R i Wababimiga i a River b L. a i M v a in 50° ive e L. i R r ss A i r 50° Aroland gam River M Coral mb Auden Lower no O Ke r Otter Rapids 643 Twin ive A R b r 19 Nakina N i fe L. t e i Logan I. 9 v b Fleming i A i L. R b r i Upper e a ti Riv k b Onaman is Private road i Twin L. b L. a with public access E iv P Route privée Murchison I. Burrows Chipman à accès public North 584 r fe L. L. e Wind n iv 62 a FUSHIMI LAKE i R L. w r a e Fraserdale s v Pivabiska .
    [Show full text]
  • Detour Lake Power Project; DLPP)
    1.0 Introduction and Purpose of Undertaking The DLPP proposes to re-connect the Detour Lake site to the provincial electrical grid. 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE OF UNDERTAKING 1.1 Introduction Detour Gold Corporation (Detour Gold) has been exploring the previously developed Detour Lake mineral property since 2007. The Detour Lake property is located approximately 185 kilometres (km; by road) northeast of Cochrane in northern Ontario (Figure 1-1). The Detour Lake deposit was discovered in 1974 and was operated by another mining company from 1983 to 1999. Power was provided to this mine by a 115 kilovolt (kV) transmission line connection to the Ontario electrical grid at Island Falls. Detour Gold proposes to construct, operate and eventually close a new open pit gold mine, the Detour Lake Project at the site. Detour Gold has completed a positive pre-feasibility engineering study for the Detour Lake Project and is nearing completion of a feasibility study. Engineering work to date indicates that the Detour Lake Project will require approximately 120 megawatts (MW) of power for construction and operation. The Detour Lake site is no longer connected to the electrical grid and activities are constrained by the current availability at site of less than 1 MW of diesel generating power. A dependable power supply is required to construct and operate the proposed open pit gold mine. 1.2 Purpose of the Undertaking Detour Gold is proposing to re-connect the Detour Lake site with the Ontario electrical grid (the Detour Lake Power Project; DLPP). Detour Gold is not in the business of power generation or power transmittal and the transmission line is intended solely to meet the needs of the proposed mine.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronology, Paleoecology and Stratigraphy of Late Pleistocene Sediments from the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada
    Chronology, Paleoecology and Stratigraphy of Late Pleistocene Sediments from the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada by April Sue Rogers Dalton A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Sciences Department of Earth Sciences University of Toronto © Copyright by April Sue Rogers Dalton 2017 Chronology, Paleoecology and Stratigraphy of Late Pleistocene Sediments from the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada April Sue Rogers Dalton Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Sciences Department of Earth Sciences University of Toronto 2017 Abstract Stratigraphic records in the Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL), Canada, offer rare insight into local paleoenvironments and the Late Pleistocene climate system over North America. Age determinations on sub-till non-glacial materials suggest that the HBL, lying near the centre of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) extent of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), was ice-free for parts of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3; 57,000 to 29,000 yr BP), MIS 5 (130,000 to 71,000 yr BP) and MIS 7 (243,000 to 190,000 yr BP). The MIS 3 age assignment is notable since it suggests the possibility of significant retreat of the LIS and a relatively high global sea level, both of which are a contrast to assumptions that North America was moderately glaciated, and that global sea level was relatively low during that time interval. Paleoecological proxies, including pollen and plant macrofossils, suggest that the HBL contained peatland and boreal vegetation during all previous non-glacial intervals, and pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of sites which are hypothesized to be MIS 3 and MIS 5a (~80,000 yr BP) in age suggest that climate during MIS 3 may have had less annual precipitation than during MIS 5a and present day.
    [Show full text]
  • LAKES of the HURON BASIN: THEIR RECORD of RUNOFF from the LAURENTIDE ICE Sheetq[
    Quaterna~ ScienceReviews, Vol. 13, pp. 891-922, 1994. t Pergamon Copyright © 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd. Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved. 0277-3791/94 $26.00 0277-3791 (94)00126-X LAKES OF THE HURON BASIN: THEIR RECORD OF RUNOFF FROM THE LAURENTIDE ICE SHEETq[ C.F. MICHAEL LEWIS,* THEODORE C. MOORE, JR,t~: DAVID K. REA, DAVID L. DETTMAN,$ ALISON M. SMITH§ and LARRY A. MAYERII *Geological Survey of Canada, Box 1006, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada B2 Y 4A2 tCenter for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. ::Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. §Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, 0H44242, U.S.A. IIDepartment of Geomatics and Survey Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B., Canada E3B 5A3 Abstract--The 189'000 km2 Hur°n basin is central in the catchment area °f the present Q S R Lanrentian Great Lakes that now drain via the St. Lawrence River to the North Atlantic Ocean. During deglaciation from 21-7.5 ka BP, and owing to the interactions of ice margin positions, crustal rebound and regional topography, this basin was much more widely connected hydrologi- cally, draining by various routes to the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, and receiving over- ~ flows from lakes impounded north and west of the Great Lakes-Hudson Bay drainage divide. /~ Early ice-marginal lakes formed by impoundment between the Laurentide Ice Sheet and the southern margin of the basin during recessions to interstadial positions at 15.5 and 13.2 ka BE In ~ ~i each of these recessions, lake drainage was initially southward to the Mississippi River and Gulf of ~ Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multi-Proxy Reconstruction of Environmental Change in the Vicinity of the North Bay Outlet of Pro-Glacial Lake Algonquin
    Rabett, RJ, et al. 2019. A Multi-Proxy Reconstruction of Environmental Change in the Vicinity of the North Bay Outlet of Pro-Glacial Lake Algonquin. Open Quaternary, 5: 12, pp. 1–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/oq.54 RESEARCH PAPER A Multi-Proxy Reconstruction of Environmental Change in the Vicinity of the North Bay Outlet of Pro-Glacial Lake Algonquin Ryan J. Rabett*, Alexander J. E. Pryor†, David J. Simpson*, Lucy R. Farr‡, Sean Pyne-O’Donnell*, Maarten Blaauw*, Simon Crowhurst§, Riley P. M. Mulligan‖, Christopher O. Hunt¶, Rhiannon Stevens**, Marta Fiacconi¶, David Beresford-Jones‡ and Paul F. Karrow†† We present a multi-proxy study of environmental conditions during and after the recessional phases of pro-glacial Lake Algonquin in the vicinity of the North Bay outlet, Great Lakes Basin. Data presented comes from a new sedimentary profile obtained from the Balsam Creek kettle lakec . 34 km north-east of the city of North Bay. This site lies close to the north-east margin of the maximum extent of the post-Algonquin lake sequence, which drained through the Ottawa-Mattawa valley system. Our data are presented against a Bayesian age-depth model, supporting and extending regional understanding of vegetation succession in this part of north-east Ontario. The core profile provides a minimum age for the formation of the glacial outwash delta in which the kettle is set, as well as tentative timing for the Payette (post-Algonquin) lake phase. We highlight two discrete intervals during the Early Holocene, with modelled mean ages of: 8475–8040 cal. BP (332–316 cm) and 7645 cal.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Tyrrell Sea Deposits from the Vicinity of the Victor Diamond Mine: Comparison of Four North American Clay Deposits
    Analysis of Tyrrell Sea Deposits from the Vicinity of the Victor Diamond Mine: Comparison of Four North American Clay Deposits by Jean Elizabeth Holloway An Undergraduate Thesis submitted to the School of Environmental Studies In conformity with the requirements for a Bachelors of Science Honours Degree Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada April 2012 ii Abstract The De Beers Victor Mine is an open pit diamond mine, located in the James Bay lowlands of northeastern Ontario. The lowlands are characterized by extensive peatlands overlying Tyrrell Sea sediments. One of the potential impacts of open pit mining, and the focus of the current research, is the potential for differential subsidence in the Tyrrell Sea sediments owing to continuous groundwater withdrawal from the underlying limestone aquifers. To fully understand the potential effects of subsidence, a better understanding of the nature and properties of the Tyrrell Sea sediments is needed. Subsidence is related to characteristics of the deposit, which will be determined by calculating four geotechnical properties. These properties of samples collected from the sediments of the Victor Diamond Mine were compared to the values from samples of Lake Agassiz sediments, Champlain Sea sediments, and the Bearpaw Shale. The properties of hydraulic conductivity, grain size, plastic and liquid limit, and mineralogy were determined for each sample and the results were analyzed and compared to data collected from the literature. The results indicate that the Tyrrell Sea sediments are a low plasticity clay, with a low liquid limit, a hydraulic conductivity higher than all the other clay deposits, is characterized as a clayey silt in terms of grain size, and has a mineralogy primarily containing quartz, illite, chlinochlore, and calcite.
    [Show full text]