1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 933

By Mr. l\IcAL.EER: Petition of the Chamber of Commerce of MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. New York for equipment of coast artillery for defeD.Be-to the A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. eommittee on Military Affairs. BROWNING. its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed By Mr. McCLELLAN: Petitions of druggists of the city .of a bill (H. R. 6237) making appropriations to supply .urgent defi­ New York, asking for the repeal o~ the stamp tax upon proprie­ ciencies in the appropriations for the fiscal year e!ldmg.Ju~e 30, tary medicines, etc.-to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1900, and for prior years, and for other purposes; m which it re­ By Mr. MADDOX: Petition of Charles R. Johnson, trustee.of quested the concurrence of the Senate. . Elizabeth Johnson, deceased, praying reference of his war claim to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. _ By Mr. MOON: Papers to accompany House bill for the rel~ef The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented a memorial of the Lu­ of Shiloh Presbyterian Church, Calhoun, Tenn., and for the relief zerne County Medical Society, of Pennsylvania, remonstrating of the Methodist Episcopal Church of South Calhoun, Tenn.-to against the enactment of legislation for the further prevention of the Committee on War Claims. cruelty to animals in the District of Columbia; which was referred · By Mr. NEEDHAM: Papers to accompany Hou~e bill No.~' to the Committee on the District of Columbia. for the relief of Elizabeth Edwards-to the Committee on Invalid He also presented a petition of the Board of Trade of Philadel· Pensions. · . phia Pa., praying for the enactment of legislation to define and By Mr. PRINCE: Petitions of clerks of the post-~ffices at Moline fix the standard of value and to maintain the parity of all forms and Sterling, Ill., favoring the passage of House bill ~o. 4351, for of money issued or coined by the United States; which was re­ the classification of post-office clerks-to the Committee on the ferred to the Committee on Finance. Post-Office and Post-Roads. . Mr. NELSON presented a memorial of the State Agricultural By Mr. RAY of New York: Petition of citizens of Earlville, Society of Minnesota, remonstrating. against the enact~en t of leg­ N. Y., for the passage of a bill relating to dairy food and prod­ islation to promote commerce and mcrease the foreign trade of ucts-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. the United States, and to provide auxiliary cruisers, transports, By Mr. ROBB: Papers to accompany House bill to remove the and seamen for Government use when necessary; which was re­ charge of desertion against the military record of J, Cavender­ ferred to Committee on Commerce. to the Committee on Military Affairs. He also presented a petition of sundry railway mail clerks of Also papers to accompany House bill No. 5712, for the relief of Minneapolis, Minn., praying for the enactment of legislation pro­ Charle~ Maschmeyer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. viding for the classification of ·clerks in first and second class post­ By Mr. SHATTUC: Papers to accompany House bill to remove offices; which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and the charge of desertion against the military record of Frank Post-Roads. Wempe-to the Committee on Military Affairs. He also presented a petition of the Dr. Koch Vegetable Tea Com­ By Mr. SLAYDEN: Papers to ~ccompany b~l granting a pen­ pany, of Winona, Mirin., praying for the repeal of the stamp tax on sion to A. J. Coffey-to the Committee on Pensions. proprietary medicines, perfumeries, and cosmetics; which was re· By Mr. THOMAS of North Carolina: Petition of Sarah F. Tren­ ferred to the Committee on Finance. with executrix of Clifford W. Simpson, deceased, for reference of Mr. McMILLAN presented a petition of sundry railway mall war 'claims to the Court of Claims-to th6 Committee on War clerks of Menominee, Mich., praying for the enactment of legisla­ Claims. tion providing for the classification of clerks in first and second By Mr. THROPP: Statement to accompany House bill_ to cor­ class post-offices; which was referred to the Committee on Post­ rect the military record of Abraham Gibson-to the Committee on Offices and Post-Roads. Military Affairs. He also presented the memorial of Dr. H. J. Stauffer and sun­ By Mr. YOUNG of Pennsylvania: Petition of the Philadelphia dry other citizens of Jeannette, Pa., remonstrating against the Board of Trade, favoring the passage of the shipping bill-to enactment of legislation for the further prevention of cruelty to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries: animals in the District of Columbia; which was referred to the Also, petition of Andrew Morton and Hugo Seaberg, of Springer, Committee on the District of Columbia. N. Mex., objecting to the admission of New Mexico as a State-to Mr. McBRIDE presented a petition of sundry railway mail the Committee on the Territories. clerks of Salem, Oreg., praying for the enactment of legislation Also petition of Sarah Clay Bennett and Martha E. Root, of providing for the classification of clerks in first and second class the W ~man's Suffrage Association, favoring a sixteenth amend­ post-offices; which was referred t-0 the Committee on Post-Offices ment to the Constitution granting suffrage to women-to the and Post-Roads. Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. CLAY presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce of Also, petition of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of ~ ew Atlanta, Ga., praying that an appropriation be made providing York, urging the increase of the coast artillery-to the Committee for the deepening of the channel of the· St. Johns River from on Appropriations. Jacksonville to the ocean; which was referred to the Committee Also, petition of the Central Labor Union of Washington, D. C., on Commerce. relating to section 3 of House bill No. 5486-to the Committee on He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Augusta, Ga., the Census. praying for the enactment of legislation providing fo:r the reor­ By Mr. ZIEGLER: Fonr petitions of druggists of Cumberland ganization of the United Htates Weather Bureau; which was re­ County, Pa., and one petition of 18 druggists of the city of York, ferred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Pa.., relating to the stamp tax on medicines, perfumery, and cos­ Mr. ALLEN presented a memorial of the First Regiment~ Vicks­ metics-to the Committee on Ways and MeaD.B. burg Command, Division of Nebraska, Union Veterans Union, re­ monatrating against the enactment of legislation providing the SENATE. age limit for entering the Weather Service of the Government; which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. THURSDAY, January 18, 1900. Mr. PERKINS presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce The Senate met at 1 o'clock p. m. of Los Angeles, Cal., and the Board of Trade of Pasadena; Cal., Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. praying for the enactment of legislation provi~ing for the in~pec­ The Secretary proceeded to read the J onrnal of yesterday's tion and treatment of trees, plants, buds, cuttmgs, grafts, scions, proceedings, when, on motion of Mr. NELso~. and by unanimous nursery stock, and fruit imported into the United States; which consent, the further reading was dispensed with. was referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Journal, without objec­ He also presented a petition of the Merchants' Exchange of Oak­ tion, will stand approved. land, Cal., praying for the construction of the Nicaragua Canal; which was ordered to lie on the table. INDEX OF REPORTS OF. SECRETARIES OF SENATE. He also presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce of The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ Los Angeles, Cal., and of t~e Mercha~ts' E~change ~ss o c~ation munication from the Secretary of the Senate, transmitting, in of San Francisco, Cal., praymg for the mserhon of an item m the resuonse to a resolution of March 3, 1899, a complete alphabetical deficiency appropriation bill to prevent the discontinuance of the index of the annual reports of the Secretaries of the Senate; hydrographic branch of the United States Geolo~cal Survey; which was referred to the Committee on Printing. which was referred to the Committee on the Geological Survey. SUBSISTENCE FUNDS. He also presented a memorial of the Board of Trade of Pasa­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ dena, Cal., remonstrating against the reduction of the present munication from the Secretary of War, transmitting a letter from tariff on citrus fruit importations, and remonstrating against the Acting Commissary· General of Subsistence urging the impor­ ratification of the proposed reciprocity treaty with the Bri~ish tance of securing legislation to authorize all officers who disburse West Indies; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign subsistence funds to keep in their personal possession,.for dis­ Relations. bursement, such unrestricted amounts as may be authorized from He also presented a petition of the Board of Trade of Pasadena, time to time by the Secretary of War; which, with the accompany­ Cal., praying for the enactment of legislation providing for the ing papers, was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, and construction of a canal through the Centi·al American Isthmus; ordered to be printed. which was ordered to lie on the table. 934 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J JANUARY 18,

He also presented the memorial of J. J. Moore & Co., of San the resolution submitted by Mr. HALE on the 3d instant, reported Francisco, Cal., relative to the American shipping laws as applied it without amendment; and it was considered by unanimous con­ to the Hawaiian Islands; which was referred to the Committee on sent, and agreed to, as follows: Commerce. Re.solved, That the Committee on Naval Affairs is hereby authorized to 1i1r. PENROSE presented the petition of sundry druggists of employ a stenographer in hearings before such committee, the expense of the Washington, Pa., praying for the repeal of the stamp tax on pro­ same to be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate. prietary medicines, perfumeries, and cosmetics; which was re­ ASSISTANT CLERK TO CO:MMITTEE, f erred to the Committee on Finance. He also presented a petition of sundry railway mail clerks of Mr. JONES of Nevada, from the Committee to Audit and Con­ Corry, Pa., praying for the enactment of legislation providing for trol the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to whom was referred the classification of clerks in first and second class post-offices; the resolution submitted by Mr. ;McMILLAN on the 4th instant, which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post­ reported it without amendment; and it was considered by unani­ Roads. mous consent, and agreed to, as follows: He also presented a petition of the Woman Suffrage Association ResoZved That the Committee on the District of Columbia. be, and it is of Pennsylvania, praying for the adoption of a sixteenth amend­ hereby, au-thorized1 to employ an assistant clerk, to be paid from the contin­ ~ent fund of the Senate at the rate of $1,440per annum during the Fifty.sixth ment to the Constitution prohibiting the disfranchisement of Congress. United States citizens on account of sex, and remonstrating against the insertion of the word ''male" in the suffrage clause of BILLS INTRODUCED, the constitution framed for the government of Cuba, Hawaii, Mr. HOAR introduced a bill (S. 2507) to correct the military Pnerto Rico, and the Philippines; which was referred to the Se- record of Timothy McKean; which was read twice by its title, and lect Committee on Woman Suffrage. · referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. SPOONER presented a petition of sundry railway mail He also introduced a bill (S. 2508) to provide for the· location, clerks of Chippewa Falls, Wis., and a petition of sundry railway erection, and maintenance of a home for women Army nurses, mail clerks of Merrill, Wis., pmying for the enactment of legisla­ and for other purposes; which was read twice by its title, and re­ .tion providing for the classification of clerks in first and second ferred to the Committee on Pensions. class post-offices; which were referred to the Committee on Post­ Mr. HOAR. That is a substitute for the bill (S. 2482) to pro­ Offices and Post-Roads. vide for the location, erection, and maintenance of a home for He also presented the petition of Fulton & Fulton and sundry women Army nurses, and for other purposes, which I introduced other citizens of Superior, Wis., praying for the repeal of the several days ago and which was referred to the Committee on stamp tax on proprietary medicines, perfumeries, and cosmetics; Pensions. Iaskthat that bill berecalled from thecommittee and which was referred to the Committee on Finance. indefinitely postponed. There was a blank left in the bill which Mr. WETMORE presented the petition of W. A. Reynolds and is now filled in the one I have introduced. 74 other citizens of Rhode Island, praying for the adoption of an The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the request amendment to the Constitution to prohibit polygamy; which was of the Senator from Massachusetts will be complied with. referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. PENROSE inti·oduced the following bills; which were sev­ erally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on REPORTS OF COMMITTEES, Pensions: Mr. GALLINGER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom A bill (S. 2509) granting a pension to Isabella C. Swisher; was referred the bill (S. 1712) granting a pension to Arminda D. A bill (S. 2510) granting an increase of pension to Caroline C. Davis, reported it without amendment, and submitted a report Townsend; . thereon. A bill (S. 2511) granting a pension to Ellen Downs, form.e-rly Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I am directed by the Committee on Ellen Bowen; Printing to report back a letter from the Secretary of War, trans­ A bill (S. 2512) granting an increase of pension to Annie E. mitting, in response to a resolution of the Senate of March 3, 1899, Joseph; a letter from the Acting Commissary-General of Subsistence, to­ A bill (S. 2513) granting pensions to Kate Scott, Mary Gardner, gether with a copy of a contract with the C. A. Gambrill Manu­ and :Mary Priscilla BalTy; facturing Company, of Baltimore, Md., and to recommend that A bill (S. 2514) granting an increase of pension to Samuel J. the letter and accompanying papers be printed as a document. Ashton; The report was agreed to. A bill (S. 2515) granting a pension to Jeremiah Eltz; and Mr. TURNER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom were A bill (S. 2516) granting a pension to Randolph Hayman (with referred the following bills, reported them severally without accompanying papers). amendment, and submitted reports thereon: Mr. PENROSE introduced a. bill (S. 2517) to authorize the Presi­ A bill (S. 354) granting a pension to Vincent de Frietas; and dent to place the name of Archibald K. Eddowes on the retired A .bill (S. 34.9) granting an increase of pension to James H. list of the United States Navy with the rank of chief engineer, Coventon. United States Navy; which was read twice by its title, and referred Mr. TURNER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom was to the Committee on Naval Affairs. referred the bill (S. 343) granting a pension to Mary J. Freeman, He also introduced the following bills; which were severally reported it with an amendment, and submitted a report thereon. read twice bytheir titles, and referred to theCommitteeonClaims: Mr. PERKINS, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, to whom A bill (S. 2518) for relief of Darius E. Blose; was referred the bill (S. 1484) to authorize the Secretary of the A bill (S. 2519) for the relief of Mrs. A.-c. Wagner; and Navy to change the material to be used in the consltuction of the A bill (S. 2520) providing for the adjudication of certain claims dry docks at the navy-yards at League Island, Pa., and Mare Is­ by the Court of Claims. land, Cal., from timber to concrete and stone, reported it with an Mr. PENROSE introduced a bill (S. 2521) authorizing the amendment, and submitted a report thereon. Postmaster-General to refund a certain sum of money to the Bal­ Mr. WARREN, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was four Publishing Company, of Philadelphia; which was read twice referred the bill (S. 256) for the relief of Albert C. Brown, reported by its title, and referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and it without amendment, and submitted a report thereon. Post-Roads. He also, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom were He also introduced the following bills; which were severally referred the following bills, reported them severally without read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Mili­ amendment, and submitted reports thereon: tary Affairs: A bill (S. 8) for the correction of muster of Adolph von Haake, A bill (S. 2522) to correct the military record of Abraham B. late major Sixty-eighth Regiment New York Veteran Volunteer Myers (with an accompanying paper); Infantry; and A bill (S. 2523) to correct the military record of John L. O'Mara A bill (S. 41) to authorize the PresidenttoplaceAndrewGeddes (with accompanying papers); on the retired list with the rank of captain. A bill (S. 2524) to correct the military record of William War­ Mr. MORGAN, from the Committee on Interoceanic Canals, ner (with an accompanying paper); submitted a report to accompany the bill (S. 1783) to provide for A bill {S. 2525) to correct the milit.ary record of Absolom Spon.: the construction of an interoceanic canal connecting the waters sellor (with an accompanying paper); and of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans heretofore reported by him. A bill (S. 2526) to correct the military record of William Bro­ Mr. HANSBROUGH, from the Committee on Public Lands, to cious. whom was referred the bill (S. 1~6) to amend sections 2304 and Mr. FAIRBANKS introduced a bill (S. 2527) granting a pen­ 2305 of the Revised Statutes, relating to soldiers' and sailors' home­ sion to Robert E. Patterson; which was read twice by its title, steads, reported it with amendments. and referred to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. PRITCHARD introduced a bill (S. 2528) for the reUef of STENOGRAPHER TO COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFF.AIRS. M. L. Skidmore; which was read twice by its title, and referred Mr. JONES of Nevada, from the Committee to And.it and Con­ to the Committee on Claims. trol the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to whom was referred He also (by request) introduced a. bill (S. 2529) for the relief of 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 935

John D. Thorne; which was read twice by its title, and referred Florida. and Georgia, for sluicing and dredging at the entrance to the Committee on CJaims. of said sound; which was read twice by its title, and referred to · He also introduced a bill (S. 2530) granting an increase of pen­ the Committee on Commerce. sion to Hugh Earp; which was read twice by its title, and referred AMENDMENTS TO URGENT DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION BILL. to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. GALLINGER submitted an amendment proposing an ap­ He also introduced a bill (8. 2531) granting a pension to J. L. propriation of $200 to be used in the Treasury bindery for mate­ McDowell, alias Leander Dickey; which waa read twice by its rial for binding important written records, intended to be proposed title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. by him to the urgent deficiency appropriation bill; which was re­ He also introduced a bill (S. 2532) for the relief of Levi Jones; ferred to the Committee on Printing, and ordered to be printed. which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee Mr. PENROSE submitted an amendment proposing an appro· on Military Affairs. priation not exceeding $10,000 for condemnation of land for the Mr. PLATT of Connecticut introduced a bill (S. 2533) to re­ extension of Massachusetts avenue across the valley of Rock strict grounds of divorce and improve the procedure in the Dis­ Creek and to provide footings for the embankments which may be trict of Columbia and the Territories, and for other purposes; necessary in connection therewith, intended to be proposed by which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee him to the urgent deficiency appropriation bill; which was re­ on the Judiciary. ferred to the Committee on Appropriationst and ordered to be Mr. BURROWS introduced a. bill (S. 2534) for the relief of Frank B. Crosthwaite; which was read twice by its title, and, printed. with an accompanying paper, referred to the Committee on DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TRANSVAAL. CJ aims. Mr. ALLE...~. I submit a resolution and ask for its present con· Mr. McLAURIN introduced a bill (S. 2535) to carry out the sideration. findings of the Court of Claims in the case of James H. Dennis; The resolution was read, as follows: which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee Resolved, That the Secretary of State be, and he is hereby, directed to in­ on Claims. form the Senate if any person has been t.ccredited representative in a.nv capacity to the Unit.ed Statfo.s of America by the South African Republic, He also introduced a bill (S. 2536) to pay the State of South commonly known a.s the Transvaal, and if such person was officially accepted Carolina for money expended in the purchase of blankets in mo­ and recognized as such representative by the Government of the United bilizing volunteer troops in the lat.e war with Spain; which was States, and if he was not.. for what reason official acceptance and recognition were refused him; and the Secretary of State is further directed to inform read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. the Senate of the name of such person, and when he applied for official recog­ ~fr. SCOTT introduced a bill (S. 2537) for the relief of Elijah nition, and when and for what reason official recognition was refused him, M.. Hart; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the and if any other government, and, if so, what government, or its official rep­ resentative or representatives, objected or protested against the official Committee on Claims. recognition of such proposed representative of said South African or Trans­ Mr. BEVERIDGE introduced a bill (S. 2538) fixing the salary vaal Republic by the Government of the United States. and compensation of the chief justices and associate justices of Mr. SPOONER. Let the resolution be printed and go over in the supreme courts in the Territories of Arizona, New Mexico, the usual .course. and Oklahoma, and making appropriations to pay the same; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the rule the resolution which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee goes over. · on the J udiciarv. . OUTLYING DEPENDENCIES. He also introduced a bill (S. 2539) granting an increase of pen­ sion to Capt. Milton H. Daniels; which was read twice by its Mr. ROSS. I offer a resolution which I ask may lie on the title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. table subject to call, and I give notice that I shall ask unanimous He also introduced a bill (S. 2540) granting an increase of pen­ consent at the conclusion of the routine morning business on sion to Byron Kurtz; which was read twice by its title, and re­ Tuesday next to call up the resolution and make it the occasion ferred to the Committee on Pensions. of some remarks. He a1so introduced a bill (S. 2541) to correct the military record The resolution was read, as follows: of Jonas Albert; which was read twice by its title, and referred Resolved, That the provisions of the Constitution do not, unaided by act of Congress, extend over Puerto Rico and the Philippine Islands. to the Committea on Military Affairs . . That by the recent treaty with Spain the United States takes the sover· He also introduced a bill (S. 2542) to correct the military record eignty over Puert-0 Rico and over the Philippine Islands under the duty to of William B. Young; which was read twice by its title, and re-­ use and exercise it for the general welfare and highest interest'of the people of the United States and the inhabitants of the islands, unrestrained by the ferred to the Committee on Military Affairs. provisions of the Constitution, and over Cuba under the duty to exercise it Mr. GALLINGER introduced a bill (S. 2543) granting an in­ for the pacification of the island. crease of pension to Edward A~ Parmalee; which was read twice That the successful discharge of this duty demands the establishment of a separate department of government to take charge of all outlying depend­ by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the encies of the United States and the passage of a general law making ap­ Committee on Pensions. pointments therein nonpolitical. Mr. WETMORE (by request) introduced a bill (S. 2544) to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Vermont establish an art commission of the United States; which was read asks that the resolution may lie on the table subject to his call. twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the Library. Is there objection? The Chair hears nonet and it is so ordered. Mr. QUARLES introduced a bill (S. 2545) granting a pension to Nellie A. West; which was read twice by its title, and referred CALIFORNIA STATE CLAillS. to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. PERKINS submitted the following resolution; which was Mr. SPOONER introduced a bill (S. 2546) to remove the charge referred to the Committee on Claims: of desertion against Philip Pflueger, late of Company G. Twenty­ Resolved, That the bill (S. 1798) entitled "A bill referring to the Court of fourth Wisconsin Infantry; which was read twice by its title, and Claims certain claims arising. in California in the years 184.6 and 1848," now pending in the Senate, together with all the a-ecompanying papers, be, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. the same is hereby, referred to the Court of Claims in pursuance of the pro· He also introduced a bill (S. 254:7) granting an increase of pen­ visions of an act entitled "An act to provide for the bringing of suits ~ainst sion to Michael Dillon; which was read twice by its title, and re-­ the Government of the United States," approved March 3. 1887: and the said ferred to the Committee on Pensions. court shall proceed with the same in accordance with the provisions of said Mr. PERKINS introduced a bill (S . .2548) to provide for the in­ act and report to the Senate in accordance therewith. spection and treatment of trees, plants, buds, cuttings, grafts, .ASSISTANT CLERK TO COMMITTEE. scions, nursery stock, and fruit imported into the United States; Mr. FORAKER submitted the following resolution; which was which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee referred to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent on Agriculture and Forestry. Expenses of the Senate: Mr. PETTIGREW introduced a biU(S. 2549) granting a pension Resolved, That the Committee on Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico be, and it is hereby. author~d to employ an assistant clerk, to be paid from the con­ to Sayer Jensen; which was read twice by its titlet and referred to tingent fund of the Senate, at the rate of $1,800 per annum, until otherwise the Committee on Pensions. provided by law. Mr. FOSTER introduced a bill (S. 2550) granting a pension to HOUSE BILL REFERRED. C. W. Hobart; which was read twice by its title, and referred to The bill (H. R. 6237) making appropriations to snpply urgent the Committee on Pensions. deficiencies in the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June Mr. McMILLAN introduced a bill (S. 2551) for the establish· 30, 1900, and for prior years, and for other purposest was read ment of an inebriate asylum in the District of Columbia; which twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Appropriations, was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. POLICY REGARDING THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Mr. CLAY introduced a bill (S. 2-052) granting an increase of Mr. WELLINGTON. Mr. President, I gave notice the other pension to Mrs. Elizabeth Overby Williams; which was read twice day when I introduced Senate joint resolution No. 65 that to-day by its title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. I would ask the privilege of addressing the Senate upon it. I now Mr. TALIAFERRO introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 70) di­ ask leave to call up the joint resolution. . verting and setting apart $50,000 out of the sums heretofore appro· The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays the joint reso­ priated for jetty work at Cumberland Sound, in the States of lution before the Senst.a. It will be read, 936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 18,

The Secretary read the joint resolution (S. R. 65) declaring the came colonial expansion; the adventurous spirit of the nation purpose of the Government of the United States with reference to sought all parts of the world, the Western Hemisphere as well as the Philippine Islands, introduced by Mr. WELLINGTON on the the Orient, and every exertion was made to enlarge the area of 16th instant, as follows: do~inion, the .wealth of the nation, and the power of the monarchy Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of by mcorporating all the ends of the earth. And why? Did they America in Congress assembled, First. That the Government of the United not, too, say when they began this policy that it was to give the States does not consider the payment of the $20,000,000 to the Government of the Kingdom of Spain, stipulated by the treaty of Paris and made in accord­ benefits of Christian civilization to the savages of the Orient and ane.e with the same, as a P.Urchase either of lands, persons, or privileges of the Occident? And yet when the religion of the Cross was brought, the inhabitants of the Philippine Islands, but that such payment was ID!\_de the same hand that gave it also inflicted serfdom and slavery un­ with the friendly purpose of abrogating any claim of sovereignty that was then lodged in the Spanic;h Government, and to prevent the intervention of der the guise and form of colonial government, which sought not other forei~ powers in PhiliJ>pine affairs. the good of the native, but the aggrandizement of Spanish power Second. rhat it is not the purpose of the Government or the people of tbe and the enrichment of the Spanish people. United States to deprive the people of the Philippine Islands of their right of self-government, and the war now being waged is not for conquest or for Four centuries of this policy have passed, and what has been the permanent possession of the islands, but for the establishm~nt of law and the result? The last vestige of Spain's important colonial pos­ order, and shall cease when the Filipinos now under arms make overtures sessions has passed from her; and notwithstanding the fact that for peace upon the condition that after the establishment of law and order the people of the islands, or such islands as may desire, shall have the privi­ she has robbed every people she had under her sway by exaciions le~e. under the :protection of the United States, of establishing a repuolic in the most brutal and government the most tyrannical ever known which the principle of "a government of the people, by the people, and for among civilized men, to-day her nobility is impoverished, her the people" shall be absolutely preserved- peasantry is ignorant and helnless, and the Spanish nation, sapped Mr. WELLINGTON. Mr. President, I ask the indulgence of of its vital energy by its own-cruelty, has become so poor that no the Senate for trespassing upon its time. I have long hesitated, nation in Europe will bow to do it honor. Herinternal resources and even now enter npon this discn~ion with reluctance and !J.ave been neglected until now there is neither energy nor intelli­ regret; bnt I feel my justification lies in the importance of the gence to develop them. question which has been forced to the front and may well become And what of the Republic of France? France has her colonial the greatest issue now engaging the attention of our people. possessions; she has lost many of them, but the remaining por­ The trend of events for several months past has led me to believe tions of her empire have given occasion for an army that sought that some of the leaders of the Republican party are about to to conquer the world and has dragged France from the lofty commit themselves to a new departure in the foreign policy of place it once held until now, though this army is the chief power, the Government. This feeling has been strengthened by the res­ it has become so corrupt that even the partisans of the l!.,rench olution offered by the junior Senator from Indiana and the very Republiccannotdefend it, and the nation struggles in fierce effort eloquent but radical speech which he made advocating it in this to escape the baneful influence that threatens decadence and decay. Chamber some days ago. The extreme position he assumed seemed Germany, which within the last four decadeshas advanced with to meet with favorable response, and the plaudits of Administra­ giant stride in civil and martial strength, rebuilding the structure tion s~nators indicated that perhaps it echoed the sentiment felt of a regenerated empire upon ancient foundations, not content in other important circles. If that be true, and the Republican with her phenomenal success at home, has joined in the mad march pJirty, through the Administration, is about to pledge itself to the of the nations to far-off climes for the purpose of creating a vast policy therein outlined, I deem it a dnty which I owe to myself system of colonial p!:>ssessions. Her venture has only begun, yet and the party which I have served, as well as to my country, to even now she is sacrificing the flower of her peasant youth, and sound a note of warning that it would be well to consider care­ many of all classes find destruction nnder the burning sun of the fully, not in the forum of the passions, but before the calm judg­ Torrid Zone in the vain chase for evanescent power. ment seat of reason, present conditions and future possibilities, But perhaps the greatest example of colonial possessions and before embarking on an unknown sea upon a voyage of discovery power is that of England. It is often pointed to as the one great which will perhaps bring us nothing better than national tribu­ exemplar in the endeavor to establish the doctrine that colonies lation. can be used to advantage. Unquestionably, England presents the I for one am not ready to enter npon a policy of expansion, the most favorable picture, and yet when you scrutinize it carefnlly first exemplification of which is to be the taking, by force of arms, yon find the colonial policy of England has been and will be a posi­ of the lands, persons, and privileges of the Philippine Islanders. tive disadvantage to that country. I believe that one of the great­ One of the phrases which seems to have a pleasant sound to est blessings that ever came to England was the loss of the Ameri­ many of our friends is that of "the imperial destiny of the Re­ can colonies, which became, during the Revolution and are now, public." Such phrases and the pictures they form in the imagina­ the United States of America. tion are exceeding beautiful, and act as a blandishment which I believe, rurtner, that the darkest pages of her history are those ·would lead us to the path they point to. To my mind, however, which record her transaction with her colonies of the Indian em­ the Republic can not have an imperial destiny. Imperial destiny, pire. I would not have my country accnmnlate wealth and power surrounded by all the panoply of war, of wealth and power, can by the government of possessions upon the same plane and in the not wander hand in hand upon the same highway with the sim­ same manner that England governed India nnder the East India plicity of a Republic snch as ours. One mnst be aacrified to the Company, for it is beyond question that when Hastings and his other. For myself, I would choose the latter. compeers were sent to India to administer affairs there, bringing History, as we unroll the canvas upon which the memorable in their train famine, mutiny,. destruction, and death, it was not events she records are painted in ineffaceable colors, shows us that for the purpose of civilization; it was not to Christianize, but it along the pathaway of nations are the wrecks of many republics was to press from those unfortunate people all the wealth and the who sought imperial destiny. richness and the gold and the jewels that could be gathered. It The republics of Greece were strong-until they surrendered to made no difference how they were procured, so that they were kingly power and allowed the son of Philip to consolidate them brought to the coffers of England's. great company. for the purpose of invading the Persian Empire. In the glory And what has been the result? The spirit of colonization has of the victories of Alexander came impe1ial destiny, bnt with it grown, the energies of England have been concentrated upon for­ the extinction of Greek liberty and the beginning of the deca­ eign lands. For half a century almost she has been directing her dence of the power of the republics. . army against the barbarous inhabitants of Africa and Asia. She The same story will be found upon the pages of Roman history. has not met the Caucasian race since the Crimean war, and now. Rome, having grown sfrong and powerful as a republic, listened when for the first time for half a century she attempts to send to the voice which spoke of conquest, of extension of power, and her armies to destroy a brave and courageous people, she all at expansion of telTitory. Cresar came, and the world bowed its once rudely awakens from the dream of her power, because she neck to the Roman arms; but in the hour of its greatest glory finds that corruption has eaten to her very vitals, and her army, came also the first note to the Roman citizen of the loss of his which she deemed was still like that of Cromwsll, invincible, bas greatest privilege, for no nation ever yet robbed a weaker people been belabored and defeated every day since they attacked the Boers. of its right of self-government that in the end fate or Providence And, sir, justly so. And it may be at no distant time when the did. not cause the blow to rebound and strike the perpetrator of insidious influences which have thus debased her will entirely the outrage. Rome lost its liberty because it had deprived other destroy the weighty structure of empire she has erected. nations of their freedom and right of self-government. But, sir, whatever may have been the experience of other nations, These, it may be said, are ancient precedents and have often onr own Government is founded upon a different principle from been cited. Let us look upon modern examples. There is not that of either Spain, France, Germany, or England, which have before us to-day one npon which we can look and gain greater been cited ~ examples. knowledge, by the experience that bas come to that nation, than Abraham Lincoln, Simple, wise, great, and good as he was, justly upon the ~gdom of Spain. When, under the patronage of Spain, described the intention of the fathers of the Republic when he said the Genoese navigator discovered America, the Spanish King­ that "a new nation had been founded upon this continent, con­ dom was perhaps the most powerful in Europe. It dictated the ceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are policy of the Continent when it stood in league with imperial created equal," and further that ours is "a government of the Germany, and often outweighed the latter in importance. Then people, by the people, and for the people." 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 937

From the time when the Declaration of Independence emanated now, that every contention made by our Government could have from the City of Brotherly Love to the beginning of the Spanish­ been accomplished by peaceful means through diplomatic nego- American war there had never been an hour when all the might tiations. . and power and influence of this country were not dedicated to Up to the day when war was declared every demand made upon liberty and self-government. Spain had been acceded to, and there seemed to be but one thing The American people, in the immortal Declaration, asserted more necessary, and that was that Spain should withdraw from with the positiveness of what they considered ''a self-evident Cuba; that the last vestige of her authority in the Western Hemi­ truth" that "all men are endowed by their CreatOr with inherent sphere should depart, and that Cuba should have an opportunity and inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the of attaifilng that freedom for which she had so long struggled. pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are But, sir, the feeble protest was not beard, or at least it was instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the con­ unheeded, and ·war came. It was brief, and the results were, so sent of the governed,'' This Declaration was written by Jeffer­ far as military and naval conditions go, splendid and glorious. I son, inspired by Franklin, cordially indorsed by Washington, well remember that when I appealed that the war should not be, Adams, and Hamilton. And, sir, if the propositions advanced in I further said that if my countrymen determined to make war 1776 were true then and applicable to the American people strug­ they would find the conservative people of the State which I had gling for freedom, have they grown less forceful by the passage the honor in part to represent in this body, though they were of a century and a quarter of time? And are they less applicable opposed to war, in the forefront of battle. The events which now to a struggling people in the year 1900, even though they came justified that declaration, for, sir, that July morning which dwell in the distance and are weak beginners in the contention for by its rising sun heralded the destruction of the Spanish naval national life and the establishment of a government by their own power in Santiago Bay, as it illuminated the line of American consent, so long denied them by the tyranny of Spain? If it was warships advancing to deal death and destruction to the Spanish a truth then it is a truth now. It has never until now been con­ fleet, surrounded by a halo of glory the martial figure of a son of troverted by Americans. The whole course of their national life Maryland, Winfield Scott Schley, who guided and directed the has been favorable to the practical application of the principle great contest. thus asserted by the founders of the Union. The aspiration of And though it now seems to be the policy of a cabal in one of oor people has been to have the leaven of liberty rise and spread the departments of this Administration to rob him of the glory to the "uttermost ends of the earth." The flag of our country which justly is his, the verdict of the American people has been has to the present never waved but as the ensign of freedom. recorded and he will go down to history as the true hero of that Three things there are that appeal with greatest force to the heart naval battle. By the force of that victory tlw Spanish power on and spirit of Americans: The holy al tar of our religion, the sacred the island was broken, the land forces no longer ma-0.e resist­ circle of our home, the silent language of our flag. The latter is ance, and Cuba was practically freed from the dominatfon of the most powerful, for the altar of religion is deserted, the circle Spain. By the treaty of Paris, Spain in due time withdrew her of home is broken that Americans, heeding the appeal of their troops, and America, by the very resolution upon which she en­ flag, might ma1·ch to battle and to death for the preservation of tered upon war with Spain, wa£ in honor bound to grant the right the libe:i:ties and franchises of their native land. of self-government to the Cuban people. A year and a half has · Our banner wa-s the ensign of Washington when he achieved passed since the great battle; almost a year since the ratification independence. It was borne by Ja~kson when he preserved the of the treaty, and yet there is no indication that we intend to liberty of the Union. It floated over the volunteers who fought keep faith~ but there is every indication that by the power of syn­ for Texan freedom upon Mexican soil. It survived in the civil dicates, cabals, and combinations there is to be continued in strife from which Lincoln emerged, bearing in the one hand the Cuba the despotism of a military government in which the Cubans renewed charter of Federal government for a reunited people; themselves have no part, which is beyond the pale of any law in the other, the emancipation and enfranchisement of a race. It save that of force, and is not recognized by our Constitution. was carried by our Army as jt stormed San Juan Hill for Cuban . There wa-s no doubt that we would be victorious, but in the very rights. It waves now in silent majesty over our great Republic. victories _we were to win there were da.ngers that would in the Its very existence is dedicated to Iiberty. Its history proclaims self­ end more than counterbalance the good accomplished. A very governmen t and speaks of a continuous policy of encouragement Pandora's box of national troubles has been opened, and difficul­ and support of liberty-loving and aspiring peoples. In the lan­ ties and dangers are gradually taking form and surrounding us. guage of President McKinley himself, "From Plymouth Rock to In the Spanish-American war the island of Puerto Rico, almost the Philippines the grand triumphant march of human liberty without defense, was ta.ken from Spain; the people made no objec­ has never paused." tion. Even if there was to be only a change of masters, they Shall it pause now? Shall the advancing columns of freedom­ deemed it would be better to escape Spanish maladministration. seeking men be retarded and obstructed? Shall we who have led But, sir, from them now comes the cry for help, a Macedonian the vanguard of the march turn upon our fellow-soldiers in the cry, which says, "You broke the bands that bound us to our cause and bar the way when they would reach the same vantage former moorings, you destroyed the trade we had, you have left ground we occupy and turn them back? Shall there be a reversal us hanging between sky and water in mid-ocean, and you have of that policy now, and shall we in the future, demanding for our­ given us nothing in return." selves freedom, deprive others of that grc>at boon because we But, sir, the great question, the absorbing topic that now con­ stand a giant of strength and they are weaklings before us? If it fronts us as a result of this war, is the question of the Philippine is our purpose to discard the doctrines of government under which Islands. In the far-off Orient, 10,000 miles from our capital, is the we have prospered and grown great, would it not be well to pon­ archipelago which demands our attention. We know but littl< der and carefully consider by the light of the past as it illumines of its history or present conditions. Our information concerning the narrow strip of the present and gives a fitful gleam into the it is imperfect and limited. Of its geography we are so ignorant future? For it is only by comparing the events of the present that even the publications of the Government can not tell us with the recollections of the past that we may foreshadow and whether the islands are 800, or 1,200, or perhaps 1,600 in number. fashion the future. Regarding the population our knowledge is defective. it being Will we not sacrifice more in the end than we gain? This is a variously estimated from eight to twelve millions. The inhab­ selfish proposition, and yet even upon this, to my mind, we shouM itants of the divers islands we know are of every shade of color, hesitate before abandoning our past record and adopting a new every degree of intelligence and civilization, ranging from the code of national honor~ absolute barbarism of the Sulus to the refinement and culture of In the resolution I have offered I clearly indicate the purpose I Aguinaldo and his compatriots. To assume absolute control of have in view. It is not to abandon the present war until certain and permanently hold the archipelago would be a burdensome conditions have been reached, but to endeavor the attainment of and thankless task. Our chief concern, however, is with larger these conditions as quickly as possible, and then give to the inhab­ islands, and as a type of these we may consider the island of itants of the Philippine Islands an opportunity of creating for them­ Luzon, upon which is situated the city of Manila, the metropolis selves, as we did in Revolutionary times, by evolution and self­ of the whole dependency. exertion, the best government possible for their condition. When the Cubans were struggling for freedom the Filipinos I deem it an unfortunate situation that we are compelled to be were not idle; time and again they had attempted to throw off the at war in the Orient; and had the note of warning which I gave Spanish yokewhich imperfectly rested upon them, and when they nearly two years ago in this Chamber been heeded,· there would saw their brethren in tribulation in the Caribbean Sea struggling be no necessity for either the blood or the treasure that must .be for freedom, they, too, once more began the attempt to destroy there expended. I trust the Senate will bear with me as I take a their Spanish masters. When our war with Spain began these brief retrospect of the intervening time. Upon the occasion to insurgents had gained advantages at different points in the islands, which l allude I stood here, the only Senator upon the Republican more especially upon the island of Luzon, where they had gradu­ side of the Chamber who ventured to oppose the title of public ally gathered a large army and had taken one Spanish position opinion and voice the deep conviction that the war which was after another until they were virtually in possession of the whole about to be declared against the Spanish Kingdom was unneces­ island, except the small territory occupied by the city of Manila sary, and therefore unjust. I felt then, and I have the same faith and the ran~e of country beyond it controlled. by its guns. It is 938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 18, said, and I believe truthfully, that these insurgents had, before come as between the forces who had been working for the same our fleet came to the harbor, erected a cordon of intrenchments end-the destruction of Spanish power. that had gradually moved in juxtaposition to the city of Manila, It is said it cam~ by Filipino attack. If that be true, and most reaching from water to water, and it appeared to be only a mat­ probably it is, I can not def end it; and yet there is much excuse, ter of time when the last citadel of Spanish power upon the island for the Filipinos had been dwelling generation after generation would fall into the hands of these people. under the domination of Spain, under treachery and crµelty, and At this point the Spanish-American war began, and it became they had no reason to expect from the maneuvers of the Amer­ the purpose of the President to strike Spain wherever vulnerable, ican armies, the breaches of faith and the failure of American and therefore it was that our fleet in the Orient, under the com­ promises, that the change of masters which had come would be mand of Admiral Dewey, was ordered by the President to proceed greatly to their benefit. Therefore, being in possession of the to Manila, there intercept the Spanish fleet in eastern waters and, greater part of their islands, they determined to stand by their arms if possible, destroy it. lt is a matter of history that the American and obtain, if possible, consideration in that manner. I believe it fleet carried out its instructions and that upon the May morning was wrong. I believe it was a mistaken idea.. I have still faith in Manila Bay attained a glorious and almost bloodless victory for enough in American honor to believe that under no circumstance American arms, annihilated the Spanish fleet, and in its annihila­ will we be so far forgetful as to deprive these brave though mis­ tion brought about an entire destruction of Spanish law and au­ guided people of that which we hold dear to ourselves and which thority in the Philippines. It now became a question merely.of must of necessity be doubly dear to them. the surrender of the city of Manila andasto whom it would prefer The clash came between the two forces and the war began. I to have as its captors. The Spaniards preferred the Americans, be­ felt then that as an American I must stand by my Government. cause they knew if the Filipinos took possession there would be a and that so long as there was armed resistance I must aid by dread and bloody reckoning for centuries of misgovernment and voice and vote to bring about a condition of law and order, not maladministration. for the sake of conquest, but with the intent of producing such a The leader of the Filipino insn,.rection had been Aguinaldo, situation as would in due time bring about a home government for who for certain reasons had retired from the islands and taken the Filipinos with which we could treat as a friendly power. up his residence in Hongkong. With the coming of the Ameri­ The war went on for a campaign. We had been assured that cans and their victory he was summoned to return, and if I am 6,000 men in a few weeks would restore order. The whole force rightly informed, and I believe I have been, it was by the tacit of General Otis was employed for an entire campaign, and at the consent of our Government, given inferentially if not distinctively, end of that campaign, though in the press the censored dispatches that Aguinaldo did return and operated in unison with the Ameri­ gave us victory after victory, we found at the end of that time can armies as our ally to bring about the defeat of Spain and the that in fact little had been accomplished toward the pacification entire capture of the province of Luzon. This came about in due of the island of Luzon or any other island save perhaps that ar­ time. An armistice took place, which was to last either until a rangement, made in a manner half diplomatic, half military, by treaty between our country and Spain was made and ratified by which the United States of America entered into a compact to both countries or rejected. During the time of this armistice the continue the government of the Sultan of Snlu in his domains. treaty of Paris was concluded, and by that treaty Cuba and Puerto Another campaign has begun and the American people are looking Rico became absolutely free of Spanish government and domina­ forward to its results. I venture to assert now that no great ad­ tion, and by the stipulation of that treaty the American Govern­ vantage has as yet been obtained, and unless action is taken we ment paid to the Kingdom of Spain $20,000,000 for the sover­ may look forward in yonder islands to a war of a desultory char­ eignty of the Philippine Islands. Sir, I voted with much hesitancy acter which may last for an indefinite period of time. for the treaty of Paris. I believ:ed then, as I believe now, that it ThEire should be some understanding, some conclusion, as to what would not conduce to our prosperity as a nation to caITy our op­ the wai.· in the islands really means. If it means a war of con­ erations to the far-off Orient, and before I voted for the treaty I quest, if it means a war to the bitter end, if it means that there determined for myself to have an understanding as to the policy must be absolute submission of the Filipinos to arbitrary Ameri­ of the Administration so far as it was represented in the Presi~ can power, then you may look forward to that cbaraeter of war dent of the United States and as to the ultimate purpose of our which always comes when a weak people is making a struggle for Government in connection with these islands. liberty against a powerful foe. They will retire to their mountain I felt that I would not, either for the sake of my own country, fastnesses. They will issue forth from them and commit depre­ for its honor or material advantage, or for the sake of the rights dations: and a guerrilla warfare will become the order of the day. and privileges and aspirations of the Filipinos, vote for a treatjr of Shall it continue on for years? Is the American people to be this kind and character if it were the purpose of our Government called upon to send regiment after regiment of its youth, that to permanently acquire the islands and retain them as territory. should be employed in developing the natural resources of our I may be wrong, but, sir, I was left under the impression that it country, to the far-off antipodes, to these islands of the sea, to was not the purpose of the Administration to take forcible posses­ lose their lives by the weapon of the insurgent or by the fever sion of this territory and permanently hold it against the armed and plague of that distant zone? Shall we continue to pour million protests of its population, many of whom had aided in defeating after million of treasure to deprive these poor people of the only the common enemy during the Spanish-American war. Sir, I de­ wealth they have-their freedom? If so, I am not content to sit clare, in my judgment it was not then in contemplation to perma­ silently by, but will make such opposition as the deep conviction nently acquire the islands, and the payment of the $20,000,000 was I have demands. But, sir, if it be war merely to reestablish order, not considered as a price either for the square miles contained to proclaim our sovereignty f<:>rthepurposeof giving free govern­ in the 1,500 islands that lay scattered in that eastern sea or for ment, then I believe it can and should be accomplished. Even the bodies of the ten millions of inhabitants that dwell upon them. this, to me, is an unfortunate situation, but it can· not now be It was not intended to deprive them of the God-given right to remedied. It is one of the resultant effects of the Spanish-Ameri- govern themselves and to dwell under laws of their own making, can war. . and I desire to say further that, in my humble opinion, it is not It is neither fair nor just to attack the President or the Admin­ now the intention of the President, either upon his personal wish istration for the conduct of the present war. When the unfortu­ or for political uses, to conquer the Filipinos and hold them as nate contention began, the President could not do otherwise than subjects against their protest. If such be his design he must have uphold American authority and stand by American arms, and experienced a change of purpose since the adoption of the treaty of during the months of the interregnum t:>etween the two sessions Paris. of Congress it was his duty to continue this war for the uphold­ As time passed, however, there seemed to be_ and there an ing of American authority on the islands. The American forces evidence that there was pressure being brqr;~t which should, could not be withdrawn, for the moment of their retreat or em­ after the adoption of the treaty and the pa ent of this price, barkation would have marked the beginning of internal disorder, bring about such a condition in our country as would makeitim­ and possibly foreign intervention. The American nation was perative upon us to assume sovereignty permanently. It would compelled to hold its armies there, and the President would have have been well for us as a nation if Admiral Dewey conld have been lacking in the fulfillment of his duty had he not made every retired from the Bay of Manila on the morn after he had destroyed endeavor to tranquilize the islands. That there was small meas­ the Spanish fleet, but he did not dare do so. He had destroyed ure of success should be charged neither to the commanding gen­ the Spanish power, and it would not have been proper for him, eral nor to the Administration. as representative of the conquering nation, to depart and to If this war continues doubtless all will learn the severe lesson leave anarchy and chaos remain instead of authority. Therefore th~t embarking upon such undertakings means loss, both in through the weary months of the interregnum they remained. human life and in national treasure. It will be found a huge Manila was taken and the American power stood side by side with undertaking to attempt the subjugation of such a people with all the Filipino forces. It was not until after the acceptance of the the attendant difficulties that present themselves. But, sir, the treaty that it became known that it was the purpose of some to period of the interregnum has passed; the responsibility of the bring about a misunderstanding which should end in war between President has ceased, for Congress is now in session and it is the the American forces and the Filipino army. War, however, did duty of Congress to provide such legislation as will '(>roclaim to

/ 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 939 the world in a manner emphatic and free from equivocation the they fell their women stepped into the ranks to fill the places of design and purpose of our Government with the Philippine the dead. Islands. For this reason I have offered the resolution, plain and Not only have they courage, but they have intelligence and simple, making a declaration which can not be misunderstood. ability. They have demonstrated their capability of founding a Adopt this resolution and I believe many of the tangles of the government. The conditions in Luzon for establishing a republlc, situation will be unraveled and the war will be hastened to a con­ under the leadership of Aguinaldo and his compatriots, is as favor­ clusion. able as that of Cuba, if not more so. The proclamations of the Sir, I oppose the permanent annexation of these islands for the Filipino chieftain show him to be possessed of the elem,ents of reason that I believe it is in opposition to the basic principle of statecraft and diplomacy. Tne constitution adopted by the gov­ our Government. I oppose the permanent annexation of these ernment of Aguinaldo will compare favorably with that of the islands because I believe it is unrighteous and unjust to deprive South American Republics, and for the conditions existing in the any people of their right of governing themselves. I oppose this archipelago it is perhaps as wisely constructed as our own or­ mode of expansion because I believe it to be to the detriment of ganic law. The government they would establish may not be our people, for, sir, if we are to forcibly acquire this territory, we similar to ours, save in the kinship of purpose, but it will be in­ must incorporate it as part of ourselves and take its people as full finitely better than any form of administration that we could give partners of our institutions, admit them to citizenship and to all if we hold the islands permanently, after beating down opposi­ the rights and privileges of that condition as we enjoy it here, or tion by fire and sword. we must by the hand of our power strike down the right for The Senator from Indiana drew a superb picture of ideal men which we have ever contended and make them our serfs and sub- who should represent our Government in the new possessions and jects and political slaves. · administer affairs to the inhabitants. Surely he knew that the I object strenuously to either of these conditions. I am not in ideal is unattainable, and that men are muoh the same in their favor of bringing the Filipino into full communion with Ameri­ passions, vices, and ambitions as they were a century and a half can citizenship, and I deprecate forcing a government upon bim ago, when Englishmen, as the representatives of his "Most Chris­ which prevents hi8 enjoying all the privileges of a free citizen in tian Majesty's" Government, led by avarice and greed, trans­ his own land. There can be no "benevolent assimilation;" there gressed every law of God and man, committed every crime in the should be no tyrannical absorption. That part of the population decalogue in the administration of government in the British of the Philippines that has emerged from barbarism has Spanish dependencies, with the one purpose of amassing fortunes for them­ civilization, Spanish language, Spanish religion. Their educa­ selves and their emplovers-the British nation. Does he not know tion, home life, and code of honor are all Spanish. We have that opportunity makes dishonesty thrive, that government begun nothin~ in common with them. They are apart from us in every by conquest and continued by force makes despots, and that men aspiration, save that they crave the right to govern themselves. invested with extraordinary power, untrammeled by close inspec­ We are inhabitants of a temperate clime; they are dwellers of the tion, and far from the home government breed corruption? War Torrid Zone. We can not, by reason of the climate, dwell with begets pestilence, famine, and dea.th. them; they Will not come to us, and it would not be well that Despotic government is productive of every species of depravity. they should. Their environments are as different from our own Having bound by cords of tyranny a people, you cast to the wind - as distance and atmospheric conditions can make them. We can all restraint upon the satraps who are to command them, and not successfully satisfy their wants, for their needs, requirements, where safeguards are lacking there license begins. Therefore we sentiments, and ideas stand in antagonism with ours. Our Gov­ should grant the just demands of these islanders. Let not the ernment and our mode of administration is not adapted to the sit­ end of three and a half centuries of Spanish servitude be the begin­ uation existing among the Filipinos. ning of another term of enslavement by America. The Filipino But, sir, beyond all this, they do not desire affiliation with us. may fail in much, but he will be free, and to freemen all things They demand, as they are entitled to do, home rule. We are are possible. He will slowly but surely rise and evolve such a great and strong. Can we not bejust-nay,morethanthat, gener­ standard of government as will be both honorable to us and bene­ ous to these oppressed people? We have as a nation received gen­ ficial to him. Instead of using our Army to subdue and subjugate erous treatment from a powerful ally when we were weak begin­ him, let them restore and guard his interests and protect him ners in the art of self-government. In the Revolutionary war the against any and all comers who would intervene until he is strong French people gave the American patriots aid upon land and sea. enough to stand alone; then, as a friendly nation, treat with him Their army and navy assisted in the hour of utmost peril and and receive from him such concessions as are deemed to be of brought victory from the very jaws of defeat. Without them the advantage in eastern waters, and by such action welcome to the British surrender at Yorktown could not have been accomplished, family of nations a new republic, with the cheery wish "God and final independence would have failed. At the close of that speed you on your way!" Benedictions from a grateful people will war the c-0lonies were free, but they lay prostrate; they were be showered upon us as rose leaves upon the quiet waters of a exhausted. Chaos reigned and terror was abroad. brook, and blessed fruit will spring· from them; both nations Did France turn upon the young Republic and rend it because will prosper apart; each will r.eap advantageous results. it was weak and its struggle seemed unavailing? Nay; though I have said that in justice we must not forcibly absorb and hold the Bourbon reigned, still was there proffered to our people the them as subjects. Yet it would be equally disastrous to attempt helpfol hand which was to raise up, not the powerful arm to incorporation with ourselves, with the grant of all the rights and smite. Oh, my countrymen, let us not forget that hour, but stand privileges of American citizenship. I believe such a course would in the lustrous light of its remembrance and bless our Philippine be disadvantageous to the great body of our own people. And, allies with the same measure of benefit. Can a Republic, owing sir, for good and sufficient reasons, as a nation we have attained a such a debt of gratitude, afford to be less generous now than was larger measure of success in a century and a quarter than did the the monarchy of France more than a century ago? Would it not modern European kingdoms in ten centuries. We have achieved be the irony of fate that we should begin a war with the inten­ not·only political freedom, but commercial independence. tion of striking down a tyrant nation because it would not grant When the colonies cast aside English domination they were an freedom to its rebellious dependency, Cuba, and in the ending of agricultural people. Under British influence they had been denied that war begin another to punish a second colony of that selfsame manufactures. After the Revolution and the erection of our power because it dared to aspire to the boon of self-government magnificent superstructure of constitutional power, population and ourselves become enslavers? We dare not do so, for liberty began to find its way to the western Republic from every state would d~part from us and seek another resting place beyond our in Europe, for here the oppressed of every nationality and every borders. Her curse would descend upon us, and all her attena­ condition in hopes to find a new home and a. betterment of ant train of beneficent spirits would disdain longer to abide with us. condi~ :: ght to find freedom of conscience, civil 1ib- But, say the advocates of "imperial destiny," these inh:ihitn- ·-- ~ - 311-being. By the creation of new fodustries of the far-off islands are not capable of self-go- ...... ~ .. e was abundant employment for all. With unexampled ra­ are too ignorant to know their own supreme interest, too mexpe­ pidity the march of the pioneer cleared the way to the westward, rienced to found a government, too weak to maintain their liberty. carved Commonwealths out of the wilderness, and bound ocean to Sir, the people that aspire to liberty deserve it. The nation that ocean, across 3,000 miles of continent, with bands of steel and cur­ struggles for self-government and gives the lives of its patriotic rents of electricity. In this mann~r the natural resources of our men in the endeavor to achieve it is neither too inexperienced to country have been developed under the American system of pro­ establish nor too weak to defend a republic, There can be no tection. Our progress has been so extraordinary that cities have doubt that these islanders have fought with undaunted courage, risen as if by magic, manufacturing interests have leapt into being with resolute endeavor, with fervor and constancy. In the cam­ in a day, mines have multiplied, and agriculture has advanced paign of last year they met our troops, and though almost defense­ with equal swiftness, hand in hand with industrial activity upon less-most of them armed with primitive weapons-they threw the highway of national progress. themselves against the advancing columns of our army, met every Under these conditions the American citizen, ·the laborer, the disadvantage with the bravery of desperation, andgavetheir lives workman, and the artisan have risen to a loftier plane and to in a vain endeavor to retard our triumphant advance; and when greater dignity than their brothers in even the moet favored 940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 18, countries of Europe. Under the benign infl~ence of this American Ire~pons1bility he has been compelled to assume, for it is the duty of system of protective tariff, labor of every character and descrip- Congress at this time, without further delay, to enter upon the tion enjoys higher remuneration and better wages than in any task of solving this problem. It is a duty which can not be other land. But in the latter years of our history emigration from avoided, and I trust that no member of the Senate or of the Honse foreign soil assumed such proportions as to counteract the effect of Representatives will shrink from meeting squarely the issne of the tariff to a degree that it was found necessary to enact laws now placed before him. The contention of the expansionist bas restricting the influx of labor, and even now Congress is consid- been, and I believe a just contention, that the situation in the' ering the matter of additional legislation deemed necessary to still Philippines could not be avoided; that war had come as between further i·etard and decrease the coming to our shores of the labor the natives and our invading army, not by our own seeking: and of England, Ireland, Scotland, Germany, France, Italy, Scandi- though I have grave doubts of the correctness of this proposition, navia, and other countries. I am willing for the present to concede it. They say further that Now, let us for a moment consider. If it is incumbent upon us the war can not cease until there is a settlement of the ques­ in order to safeguard American interests to deny admission to the tions at issue and that those who objected to it, who deprecate comparatively intelligent labor of European countries when it its continuance, can not offer a solution for the existing difficulty. knocks at the entrance of our ports, when it is necessary to enact Sir, I believe this resolution, if adopted, will conclude the war drastic legislation upon immigration for the. purpose of keeping in a manner both honorable and glorious to the American nation, the high standard of American wages protected, as it is by impost as well as our pr~sent foes, the Filipinos. The moment it is known duties, would it be well to reach out 6,000 miles beyond our western that the American Congress has committed itself squarely to this coast, and, by the contemplated policy of imperial destiny, make declaration upon the war, that the policy of the Government has the Philippines American soil and the inhabitants, to the number been clearly defined, and that our end and aim is to give to them of millions, competitors of American labor without any protective the boon they have desired, there will be submission to American duty to intervene? I am not ready to sacrifice the well-being of authority, and the era of peace in Luzon and the neighboring our people for the glittering bauble of Philippine sovereignty by islands will have come. If we fail to do this, either the present. the acquirement of the far-off archipelago. · uncertainty will remain, the war will drag its length through the Beyond question the incorporation of 10,000,000 Filipinos, with months to come, the bitterness of continued struggle will grow their peculiar surroundings, the cheapness of labor and of living, upon either side, we will be doing battle without definite purpose, to enter into competition in American markets (without re- and encouraging the supposition that many hold that our inten­ striction) with the labor of the citizen of Maryland, Pennsyl- tion is to seize and hold perpetually as colonies these islands. If vania, New York, California, South Carolina, or Texas, or any of such bethe purpose of the Administration and the majority party, the five and forty States of the Union, would lower the scale of then let it be made known in a direct, unequivocal, and manly faah­ American wages and the standard of American livihg. Not only ion. Doubt and uncerliainty will cease, and the nation will stand would this occur, but under the treaty of Paris the Spaniards are face to face with anew dispensation in its affairs. I shall protest conceded the same privileges in Philippine ports that Americans against it. I have a deep conviction that it will be a national crime are to enjoy; and if we make them American soil, without pro- which would ever blot the escutcheon of the nation and remain a tectivetariff or impost duties, what is to prevent the commodities stain upon the national honor. And having these convictions, I made by cheap labor of Spain from being sent to Manila free of must stand against every attempt made to carry into effect such duty, and from thence to the citizens of this country, that they a grievous error. may thus compete and put down the price of like commodities I come of a stubborn race. We are perhaps dull and slow of produced among ourselves? It may be contended, however, that learning, but a lesson once taught is with us not easily forgotten; present duties will be maintained, and Americans shall pay duties an opinion once formed, which becomes a heartfelt conviction, in Philippine ports, thus preventing the free importation of Span- will not be surrendered. History tells us that nearly four cen­ ish goods to Manila and the free importation to our own ports of tui·ies ago a German peasant became an Augustinian monk. As goods of Philippine manufacture. lf thisis to be the policy, then such, after years of mental struggle, he found himself compelled what advantage has the American trader in the possession of to stand against the existing order. He became the great re­ these islands? How will the sitnation be improved for American former of the sixteenth century, and as he stood alone before the trade more than it would be if we did not claim sovereignty? combined forces of the Roman hierarchy and the German Em­ Such a situation would not long continue without causing dis- pire he refused to recant what he had written; and when the content and difficulty. anathema of the church and the ban of the Empire were about to Our triumphs in the realm of national development have come be hurled upon his devoted head he stood before the vast assem­ by the advoidance of external complications, ever heeding the ad- blage and said, "I have a deep conviction. I can not recant un· vice of Washington that the nation should beware of " foreign en- less I am refuted. It is not expedient to act against conscience. tanglements," and the continuous policy has been, if I maybe per- God help me. Amen." Coming of his race and people, I feel to­ mitted to use an American phrase, "strict attention to our own day a faint reflection of the strong will and fixed conviction of business." The energies of the nation have been directed to in- this man. I have a deep conviction. It has not been shaken and ternal improvements, and we have wrought a marvelous transfor- I will not swerve from it; and I close my appeal for justice to the mation; but there is still a. vast domain at home which will for Filipino with the declaration that neither party policy nor per­ centuries furnish material for all the labor of mind and muscle sonal interest in a future career shall cause me to surrender the which we and our descendants, with their coworkers, can giv'e, right" as God gives me to see the right." [Applause in the gal­ Shall we leave this great work undone, let it fall into disuse or leries.] neglect, and join the concourse of European nationalities who seek The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The joint resolution will be re- power in the Orient and the distant~outhfor the acquisition ofter- ferred to the Committee on the Philippines. ~ ritory and employment for their surplus population, by activities RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE IN NORTH CAROLINA. in the partition of China, conquest of Africa, and the appropria- Mr.- McENERY. Mr. President, I desire to give notice that, tion unto themselves of the ragged edges of the earth in many with the permission of the Senate, on next Tuesday I will submit cl~e::e may be excuse for our cousins across the sea in such en- some remarks on Senate resolution No. 68, declaring certain pro­ deavor, for their area is small, their cities overcrowded, and a vent posed amendments to the constitution of North Carolina in con- travention of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to the must be found for the ill-fed and underpaid millions who drag out Constitution of the United states. a weary existence from the beginning to the close of life's journey. And then, too, they have never contended for the propositions of POLICY REGARDING THE PHILIPPINES, freedom, which are the foundation stones of our superstructure of Mr. BACON. I ask leave of the Senate to call up for one mo­ state. Many of them still hold to the monarchical principle, which ment the joint resolution (S. R. 45) declaring the purpose of the claims sovereignty and the right to rule by the graee of God, and United States with reference to the Philippine Islands, which was not by the will of the people. We, however, can not plead such introduced by me, for the purpose of asking that an amendment excuse in extenuation of our conduct, should we engage in such may be allowed. enterprise. We should devote our youth and strength to the task The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Georgia asks of fortifying our present high position, and first look to it that all unanimous consent to call up Senate joint resolution 45, heretofore is well at home. This done, our object and aim should be to have introduced by him, and which is on the table. Is there objection? the influence of American thought and the strong hand of Amer­ The Chair hears none. ican power reach out beyond our borders in favor of liberty, free­ Mr. BACON. In the sixth resolution I ask to have the words dom, and self-government among all men. stricken out which are indicated and the words substituted which And, sir, to my mind a golden opportunity to give the world a are written. bright example of our faith, by works, is to crown the desire of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Georgia the Filipino for self-government with fulfillment. The resolution desire to have the amendment read? I have offered has this object in view. It will give a positive Mr. BACON. It is not necessary to read it. Let it be printed declaration of our purpose. It will relieve the President of the in the RECORD. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 941

The joint resolution as amended is as follows: rency certificates; the amount of silver dollars held against outstanding sil· ver certificates: the amount in silver dollars and silver bullion held against Resolved, etc., That th~ Government and people of the UnitedS~?'.shavenot outstanding Treasury notes issued under the act of July 14, 1890. waged the recent war WJth Spain for conquest and f?r the acqms1~10n of for­ eign territory, but solely ~or the purposes set f?i:t!J. m the resolution of Con­ These are made payable specifically in coin by this act, although gress making the declaration of war-the acqmsiUon of such small ti:acts of they would be under the general provisions of the act without land or harbors as may be necessary.for governmental purposes bemg not deemed inconsistent with the same. . . . that, I believe. The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. ALDRICH] SEC. 2. That in demanding and in receiving the cession of the Philippme seems to approve of that provision. I do not know why they saw Islands it is not the purpose of the Government of the United States~ secure fit to treat those separately. In addition, there shall be deposited and maintain permanent dominion ove.r the same as a l?art o~ the territory of the United Stat~s or to permanently mcorporate the mhabitants thereof as in this division a sufficient-- citizens of the U~ited States, or to ho_ld said inhabitants !l-8 v~ls or .sub­ amount of gold coin and bnllion to constitute a reserve fund equal to 25 per jects of this Government; and the Uruted States ~ere by .dis~l~. any dlSpo­ cent of the amount both of United States notes and Treasury notes issued sition or intention to exercise permanent sovereignty, Jur1Sdict1on, or con- under the act of July U, 1890. trol over said islands. . . SEC. 3. That the United States. having accepted the cession of the Philip­ I understand that this sum is about $110,000,000. Is that correct? pine Islands from Spain, and having by force of arms overthrown all org~n­ At the present time it will require a transfer of about $110,000,000 ized authority and op_Position to the authority of the United States therem, to this division. the duty and obligation rest upon the United States to restore reace and maintain order throughout the same; to protect in said ~lands the enjoy­ Mr. ALDRICH. A hundred and nine million dollars, perhaps. ment of life and property and the pursuit of lawful a;yoca_t1ons_; and to C?n­ Mr. TELLER. I was not exact. tinue such J>rotection until the power and duty to mamtam said protection The bill then provides, in section 4: shall have been tra.nsfen·ed and intrusted by the United States to a ~over!l­ ment of the people of said islands deemed capable and worthy to exercISe srud That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to maintain the power and discharge said duty. gold reserve fund taken up on the books of the division of issue and redemp­ SEC. !. That when armed resistance to the authority of the United States tion, as herein provided, and for this purpose he may from time to time trans­ shall have ceased within said islands, and peace and order shall have been fer to such fund any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropria.ted- restored therein, it is the purpose and intention of the United States, so soon thereafter as the same can be practically and safely accomplished, to pro­ That gives the Secretary, as I understand, everything in the vide the opportunity and prescribe the method for the formation of a gov­ Treasury against which there is not an appropriation standing­ ernment by and of the people of the Philippine Islan~, to ?e thereaf~I' in­ or may exchange any of the funds in the division of issue and redemption for dependently exercised and controlled by themselves, it bemg the design of other funds which may be in the general fund of the Treasury- the United States to accord to the people of said islands the same measure of liberty and independence which have been pledged by the Congress of the That hi a mere exchange. United States to the people of Cuba.. And in addition thereto he is hereby authorized to issue and sell, when­ SEC. 5. That when a stable government shall, by the method aforesaid, ever in his judgment it is necessary to the maintenance of said reserve fund, bave been duly formed and erected in said islands, competent and worthy, bonds of the United States bearing interest at a rate not exceeding 3 per cent in the judgment of the United States, to exercise the powers of an inde~nd­ per annum, payable in gold coin at the end of twenty yea.rs, but redeemable ent ~overnment and to preserve peace and mainta.in order within its.Juris­ m gold coin at the option of the United States after one year. But no trans­ dict10n, it is the purpose and intention of the Uruted States, reservmg to fer shall at any time be ma.de from the general fund of the Treasury to the themselves only such harbors and tracts of land as may be ne~ded for coaling division of issue and redemption which will reduce the general fund below stations or other governmental purposes, to transfer to said government, $50, (XX), (XX). • upon terms which shall be reasonable and just, all rights and territory se­ The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and required to use said re­ cured in said islands under the treaty with Spain, and to thereupon leave serve fund in maintaining at all times the parity and equal value of every the dominion and control of their islands to their people. dollar issued or coined·by the Gdvernment. SEC. 6. That when said government has been thus formed and set up in the Philippine Islands and approved by the United States, it is the design and That means, if it means anything at· all, that every dollar we intention of the United States, through such means and measures as may be have is redeemable in gold, if the Secretary sees fit so to redeem deemed most efficient and appropriate, to secure the guaranty of the contin­ ued independence of the same. it. I will ask the Senator from Rhode Island, who is sitting near me, if that is not what it means? Mr. BACON. In this connection I desire to state that on Mr. ALDRICH. I am not so sure that I understand the pro­ Wednesday next, at the conclusion of the morning business, I shall vision of that section as it stands in the bill, and, therefore, I can ask the permission of the Senate to call up the joint resolution not offhand answer the Sena.tor from Colorado. S. R. 45 for the purpose of submitting some remarks thereon. Mr. TELLER, That is the way I construe it, that every dollar The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The joint resolution as of paper money, if the Secretary sees fit so to rule, becomes a amended will be printed and lie on the table, subject to the Sena.­ charge upon the gold reserve in this division. tor's call. Yesterday the Senator from South Dakota asked me if there had Mr. TURNER. Mr. President, I desire to give notice that-, with been any silver dollars redeemed in gold, to which I replied with the indulgence of the Senate, on Monday, after the conclusion of the greatest confidence that there had not been, because I had so the speech of the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. PRITCHARD], frequently inquired of the Department whether it had been done I will make some remarks on the joint resolution introduced by that I supposed I could not be mistaken. Since then I have been the Senator from Georgia [Mr. BACON] and other cognate resolu­ handed by a Senator a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, tions now on the table. showing that since the 4th day of March, 1897, there have been VOID ENTRIES OF PUBLIC LANDS, silver dollars and silver certificates equal to about $19,000,000 re­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Calendar under Rule VIII deemed in gold.- I do not think that makes any difference in the is in order. The first bill on the Calendar will be stated. argument I was· making that the silver dollar takes care of itself. The bill (S. 386) to amend an act entitled "An act for the relief During that time there have been $6,000,000 of silver exchanged of certain settlers on public lands and to provide for the repayment for gold, leaving a net redemption of silver perhaps by gold some­ of certain fees, purchase money, and commissions paid on voiden­ where in the neighborhood of $12,000,000. tries of public lands" was announced as the first bill in order on Mr. President, it seems to me that this clause is exceedingly ob­ the Calendar, and the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, re­ jectionable, if we are to escape that of which we have heard so sumed its consideration. much of late-this endless chain which was drawing gold out of The PRESIDENT pro tempo re. The bill has been read at length the Treasury. It is true the act of 1893 declared it was the policy and it went over under objection without prejudice. of the Government to maintain parity. There was no authority The bill was reported t.o theSenatewithoutamendment, ordered given the officer that he did not have before to maintain the to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. parity in that way, as I understand it; and up to March 4, 1893, THE FINANCIAL BILL, it never had been exercised at anytime. The act of 1890 also con­ tained a declaration of the same general character, but during all Mr. ALDRICH. The Senator from Colorado fMr. TELLER] is that time, with the exception of the statement made by Mr. Car­ ready, I think, to go on with his remarks upon the financial bill, lisle, that if it became necessary to maintain the parity he would House bill No. 1, and I ask unanimous consent that it may now redeem in gold, there has been nothing done in that direction. be taken up. If this is true the charge upon the gold of $150,000,000 will ag­ There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the gregate almost a thousand million dollars. It is, under the House Whole, re.:Jumed the consideration of the bill (H. R. 1) to define bill, 6109,000,000. It will be a charge on the $109,000,000, or under and fix the standard of value, to maintain the parity of all forms the Senate amendment it would be upon the $150,000,000, because of money issued or coined by the United States, and for other that amendment raises it arbitrarily to $150,000,000. Now, if we purposes. - are to redeem all these securities, all these debts-for they are Mr. TELLER. Mr. President, wnen I concluded yesterday I debts, of course; the silver certificate is nothing but a debt, with had taken up the bill for a brief examination and had reached the silver lying there to pay it-that $109,000,000 is not enough. third section of the measure as it passed the House. As I stated I know it may be said that the bill as passed by the House will yesterday, this bill provides for a division of issue and redemp­ not be before the Senate and will not be the bill; but, Mr. Presi­ tion. As I understand, the Department has full power under it dent, logically and technically the House bill is before us, and to create such divisions without any statute, so far as the ordi­ that is what we are considering. If we make the amendment, the nary administration of the Treasury Department is concerned. House may not agree to it. After this division is created there are the following provisions: Mr. SPOONER. We are considering both measures. There shall be transferred from the general fund. in the Treasury of the Mr. TELLER. As the Senator from Wisconsin says, we are United States and taken up on the books of said division as a redemption fund the amount of gold com and bullion held against.outstanding gold cer­ really considering both measures. But, as I said the other day, tificntes, the amount of United States notes held against .outstanding cur- knowing something about the methods, I think I should prefer to 942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 18,

discuss the House bill now rather than to attempt to discuss it the Government was. in the exercise of an ordinary commercial on a conference report. which, in the way it might come here, transaction in these money relations, which is not true, would in­ would be somewhat difficult to do. sist that they could not again perform money functions unless ex­ I repeatt Mr. .President, if you are going to go to the gold stand­ changed for gold. Ir we should attempt to issue new ones, we ard and redeem everything in gold, S109,000,000 will not be suffi­ would be met by the arguments we have had here for twenty years cient. against the Government issuing paper money. The silver certifi­ TIIll RESERVE. cates would get there in due time, and there would take the place Before I get through, or at some other time, I expect to make of this paper money that it costs us nothing to circulate an interest­ some remarks upon the impossibility of maintaining the 150,000,000 bearing 3 per cent bond. I do not see how anybody can e.scape reserve uuder the present eon di tion of the world if a financial storm that conclusion. It is as true as Holy Writ that it is within the should strike any part of the world with severity. province of the Secretary of the Trea ury t-0 put enry silver cer­ And if a.t any time the Secretary of the Treasury deems it necessary in tificate and e-very greenback and every Treasury note into that order to maintain the parity and equal value of all the money of the Umted fund and hold it there and replace it by interest-bearing bonds, States., he may a.t his discretion exchange gold coin for any other money which will amount to almost a thousand million dollars. issued or coined by the United States. Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. A thousand million dollars? I have not read the whole of the provision. This follows: Mr. TELLER. Yea; if you take the greenbacks and Treasury The notes and certificates so redeemed- notes and the silver certificates> the sum amounts to in the neigh­ ! wish to call the attention of the Senator from Rhode Island to borhood of a thousand million dollars. this language. How ai·e we to get out these certificates? I know Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. The thing I had.in mind was how there was some discussion in another place and that some claimed that could be refunded or placed in bonds without some further that there would be difficulty, while others asserted that there legislation, either in the House bill or out of it. would not be. I myself see a great deal of difficulty in doingit: Mr. TELLER. There is no such thing in the bill as coming here for permission to issue bonds; I am going to touch on that. The notes and certificates so redeemed or exchanged shall be held in and constitute a. pa.rt of said redemption fund and shall not be withdrawn there­ In 1875, when we proposed to go to resumption, we put ini for from nor disbursed except in exchange for a.n equivalent amount of the coin the first time in any statute in the civilized world, in my judg­ · in which said notes or certificates were redeemed or exchanged, except as ment, a provision for the unlimited issue of bonds in the hands of hereinbefore in this section provided. the Secretary of the Treasury~ No such thing was ever done in Now, Mr . .President, when the notes are redeemed they go into Great Britain; no such thing was done in any other country, so this division in the Treasury. We will suppose there are 850,000,­ far as I know. Mr. President~ I am willing to say that up to 1885 . 000 of them put in. Now, you can not get them out under this that prerogative had never been abused,, but, in my opinion, it was bill unless somebody goes there with gold and takes them out. Is most grossly abused under the Administration of Mr. Cleveland. not that what it means? I think nobody will dispute that. It is not any answer to my objection to say that this power will I will read further. Then, here is something about the act of not be abu.aed. It will be abused; and if it is not abused ifis a the 14th of July, 1890, which does not belong here. Then there false system of finance that turns over to one man, the President are several provisions about silver and all that. I do not care to of the United States, the power to put out an unlimited amount spend much time on those. We have got the gold out and the of bonds simply because he may think it necessary to maintain the certificates, whatever they may be, greenbacks or whatever has parity between the silver dollar and the gold dollar. .been redeemed, in there. They can not be got out except for gold. STABLE MONEY. Now, no one wants to go there and deposit gold and take them Now, I want to say just one word more about parity. When­ out. In the mean.time they run down until they have reached the ever you have a righteous system of finances, that opens your mints point where the Secretary of the Treasury is compelled to reim­ to gold and silver alike at fixed ratio, the Government of the burse the fund. He can reimburse the fund in various ways. He United States has no concern as to whether the money that is may reimburse it by exchanging for gold from the Treasury, if it paid out from the mint purchases more or less. The Govern­ is there. He can exchange it with anybody. He can receive de­ ment's interest ceases when it has given to the people a silver or a posits, etc. But suppose no one comes to make deposits, and there gold dollar of a. proper fineness and character1 so th.at the fineness­ is not gold in the Treasury for him to exchange. Then he is au­ in the silver dollar and the gold dollar is correct and the weight thorized to seirbonds. Suppose he does sell bonds. Suppose he is the proper weight. When the Government has done thatt Mr. sells 50,000,000of bonclsandreplacesthe$50,000,000thathavegone President, its province, all its functions have ceased, or should out. The notes go in there. Then you have 100,000,000, and no­ cease. body then comes with his gold. You repeat that operation again Why should we undertake to maintain the parity between a sil­ with another $50,000,000, and so on ad infinitum. ver dollar and a gold dollar? It is desirable, I admit; stable money Now, is not there a way to do what so many of the gold finan­ is the greatest blessing that can be given to the human race; but ciers of this country have been insisting on should be done-that it is not in the power of anyone except Divinity to make a stable is, to loek up the Treasury notes and greenbacks and silver cer­ dollar. You may maintain the relation of your gold dollar with tificates, and put ns absolutely on nothing but gold as a circulating your silver dollar by an obligation on the part of the Government medium? If the bill does not mean that, thenitisa verye:x:trao1'di.­ to take up the gold and give a silver dollar, or to take up the silver nary measure and a badly drawn bill. But that was the theory; and give a gold dollar. But it is not in this exchange that the that has been the demand of the junta which prepared this bill and trouble comes with unstable money. It is when to-day a dollar directed the House of Representatives to pass it. I hope this lan­ buys a bushel of wheat and the next day it buys two. guage will not be offensive to the House. Now, has anybody in the history of the finances of the world But, Mr. President, the party that claimed, through the public been able to find out how you could have a stable dollar? Why, press and elsewhere, to have originated this bill, and its paternity Mr. President, a gentleman in the House the other day said: "We has never been denied, have been proclaiming everywhere from are for the gold dollar, the dollar that is always a dollar, a dollar the housetops that the way to come to a. proper and sound finan­ that is 100 cents." There is no such thing as stable money in the - cial condition istoretirethe greenbacks either by destroying them sense that it never varies with reference to commodities. by law or by the executive interference of the Treasury Depart­ What we call stable money is money that goes for a length of ment by locking them up, and that is what is meant, Mr. Presi­ time buying an equal amount of commodities. Yet, I rnpeat, no dent. I will say by way of parenthesis that that is what the Sen­ money has been invented, no money has ever been in circulation ate provision means, too, in my judgment. Later, perhaps, I may that continues all the time with the same command over com­ touch on that. modities. It can not do so. A few years ago a gold dollar or a The bill comes here, then, as a contracting bill I do not know silver dollar would bny in my part of the country 2t bushels oi but that it would be a good time formetomakean inquiry, unless wheat, and the very next year it took a considerable amount mo1·e somebody can question my assertion, whether under these provi­ of either gold or silver to buy 2 bushels of wheat than it did the sions there is any way to get these redeemed notes back into the year before to buy 2l bushels. It may be said that the purchasing Treasury except by an exchange for gold? It was said in another power of the dollar is the same but that the price of wheat had place that the Secretary of the Treasury would -have the right to risen. I admit that that is the rule we have applied always when put that first 50,000,000 back into the general fund without re­ it is only one· item, but old Locke said in 1777, and nobody has ceiving gold therefor. But to dot.hat would be a plain, palpable ever disputed the statement since, that I know of, that when the violation of the letter and spirit of this act, and that could not whole range of prices rise or fall the change is not in the com­ possibly be the proper interpretation. There could be but one modity but in the money. way to get it out, and that would be by future legislation. You are. now boasting of the prosperity that has come to this. I do not believe you could get any future legislation in that di­ country, which my friends on this side of the Chamber atti'ibute rection. I think you would find in a short time that all the green­ not to the beneficence of Providence, but to the action of the backs in this country were locked up, redeemed, and then the President of the United States. You tell us prices have risen all people who have been complaining that they have been reissued over the country 15 per cent. They have risen more than that on from time to time and have talked about the absurdity of the Gov­ some thin~; but what is that but the 19wering of the p.urchasing ernment buying its debts and then putting them out again, as if power of the dollar? . 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 943

If it is the business of the Government of the United States to is intended as the beginning of such a system as the Secretary of keep the silver dollar and the gold dollar interchangeable always the Treasury is now in favor of-a bank issue based on credits on bearing the same relation to each other, why is it not the same deposits; that is, ihe greater the debt, the greater the issue of duty on the part of the Government to keep its dollar always pur­ bank notes. chasing the same amount of a commodity? Why, a man would I have been contending for a good many years for the use of sil­ be crazy in these days who tried to do that. It has been tried. I ver, and I have been charged on this :floor and elsewhere with a can show you statutes providing that a given amount of go1d desire to have a cheap money. No, I do not want any cheap shou1d buy so much wheat and so much corn. I can show the money. Butldonotwantany dear money; and if I can not have · decrees of kings that every man should give so much wheat for so a righteous money which is neither dear nor cheap, I would much much gold, so much wheat for so much silver. But men did not prefer to have cheap money than to have dear money: But, Mr. do it. History says that those statutes and those orders were in a President, I do not want any cheap money under this bank bill as little while disregarded. provided by the House. I am opposed to banks issuing money at Oh, no, Mr. President, you can not keep money stable. The all. It is not the province of a bank in a commercial Mnse to relation that one kind of money bears to another, if it is primary issue money, and for a long time in the history of banking the money, if it is the world's money, will never seriously vary. It banks did not issue money. They had a system of credits by which will never be of such a divergence as to disturb commerce and they gave one man credit and transferred that to another; but trade, for if too much in one country it will go to some other. the issue of bank paper is comparatively modern. I do not mean Of course, if there was a great demand, as there was from 1850 to say it has come in my day, Mr. President, and yours, but I to 1860 for silver in Asia, and Asia was demanding more silver mean it has come to us within the last two hundred years; and in every year than the mints could produce, there would be a di­ my judgment, the commercial world has suffered greatly by the vergence in favor of silver as agajnst gold, as there was at ·that improper issue of bank paper. time. I admit that there is not gold and eilver enough in the world to If, as in 1808, 1809, and 1810> let us say during the Napoleonic do the business of the world. It might have been done if we had wars, there was a great demand all over Europe, outside of Eng­ remained, perhaps, upon a silver and a gold basis, a metallic basis; land, for ail ver ~ because silver was the only standard money of the but since we have gone to the system of issuing paper money, I do Continent at that time, there would be a difference in favor of a not think we can quit. But if we do have bank paper it must be dollar of silver; and if there should eome, as there did come, a based on something better than individual credit. great aemandfor gold because certain states went not to.the gold My understanding is that money is the creature of law. I know standard, but to the use of gold, which they had not been using that somebody will say, "Oh, well, Senator TELLER is a fiatist." as money, then there mightcome a demand for gold, such as made Mr. President, there never was any money under the sun that gold rise so as to be at a premium of 17 per cent in Hamburg, was not the creation of law. I do not mean that gold bullion and where it was nothing but merchandise, where you could not open silver bullion did not perform monetary functions, but it was a a ballk account with it any more than you could with wool or voluntary exchange not of money but of one kind of merchandise wheat or cotton, where the Bank of Hamburg would not lend you with great value and small space for another. But it was barter, a dollar on it because silver was the only money which it recog­ just as much as an exchange of wheat for wool or wool for wheat nized. Although not standard money, it went at one time, ac­ would be. Money is the creation of law. So said Xenophon, so cording to the evidence before the bullion committee of 1810, to said Aristotle, and so has said every writer of repute who has 17t per cent premium. written since the days of Aristotle. It went to that premium over bank notes in England. Gold 1 remember in 1896 a distinguished speaker in Chicago said it was the standard in England, but England was without either was not within the power of Congress nor .of Parliament nor of much gold or silver. The Bank of England having been allowed any body to make a dollar; that nature had made the dollar. Mr. to suspend specie payments and to issue a great quantity of notes, President, if nature has made the dollar, nature must have made a there was a divergence between the paper and the gold. There great variety of dollars. It made a dollar of one sfae in one country was a most singular condition there. I do not know that I am and a dollar of another size in another country. Whenever yon able to account for it, and I have not been able to find anybody confer upon a dollar the legal-tender power which compels one who ever did, but it is a historical fact that is very interesting. man to take it from another in discharge of a debt, it is a cre­ Gold bore a premium in England of from 5 to 15 per cent over ation, a money function by Jaw. You can put in the dollar to-day Bank of England notes. It was only needed for export, and 25.8 grains of standard gold, and, ffyou choose, you can to-mor­ everybody said the rate of exchange was from 5 to 27 per cent, as row put in but 20 grains. In our first gold dollar we nut in 27 I think it went at one time, and yet the evidence shows that dur­ grains of standard gold, and now we have in a gold dollar 25.-8 ing all that time a man who had a. note on the Bank of England grains. We had a silver dollar with 416 grains of standard silver; could buy just as much exchange on continental Europe with that we now have a silver dollar of 412t grains of standard silver. bank note as he could with gold. There is the same defect in the Senate substitute as to bank I attribute the circumstance to the interference by law, which issues as exists in the Honse bill. But I believe I shall leave that our friends here tell us never affects money in any shape or man­ for a moment and take up other parts of the bill, becauae I do ner, nor even the material out of which money is made. There not wish to extend my remarks beyond a reasonable time. could have been no othe1· reason than that there was a law against SE...~.A.TE BILL PROVISIONS. the exportation of gold. And so the .man who sold exchange had The Senate substitute simply reiterates in somewhat more ap­ to take the chances of getting into the penitentiary over there if propriate language the provision as to the unit of value.. It says: he exported gold to cover his draft that he drew on the banks of That the dollar consisting of 25.8 grains of gold .9 fine shall, as established continental Europe. The law was the same as to both silver and bv section 35ll of the Revised Statutes of the United States, continue to ba gold. No English coin nor bar made out of English coin, either t.ti.e standard unit of va.lue- of gold or silver, could be exported without the man who exported I suppose it would have been the standard of value without it taking the chances of a prison life. Some of the witnesses that provision, would it not? I do not think-there is anything in before the bullion committee said that if the restriction against this bill which would have repealed the provision made in 1873, export were taken off, they believed that immediately the rate of that the gold dollar should be the unit of value. The substitute exchange would go to par. continues- Now, what I am trying to say (and I want to say it so that I and all forms of money issued or coined by the United States sball be think it can be understood not only here but elsewhere) is that maintained at a parity of value with this standard. there is no obligation on the Government of the United States to That is equivalent to the declaration made in the House bill undertake to say that its money shall always have the same pur­ that the Government must maintain the purchasing relation be 4 chasing power, because that is an impossibility; and if they are tween the silver dollar and the gold dollar. Now, mind you, obliged to do that, which is the great eru of an unstable money, thatisa11 you do when you maintain theparity. Yon must main­ they are not required to go to this expense of interchanging on~ tain the :purchasing power of both silver and gold, and yon can dollar for another which is just as good as the other in the do­ not get rid of it; but you must assume the burden of saying, if mestic affairs of this nation, and load up this country with a debt the world should want silver and could not get it, and silver such as will be in.curred under the provisions of this bill. should go, as it went in London morn than once, to 10 cents above :B.A.~TJUNG UNDER THE :BILL. the mint price on the Continent, you will make the debt-paying The next provision of the House bill relates to the banking busi­ power .as between the silver and gold dollar relatively the same. ness. Mr. President, that is an ugly question to touch. Nobody You can not do that unless you give more gold for it than 100 agrees in this country with another as to what the banking sys­ cents. On the other hand, in my mind, it is quite as likely that tem ought to be, and I certainly would not assume that I know somebody will want the gold of this country, and gold may be what it ought to be. I know some things about it that ought not wanted to such an extent that the silver dollar here may be in to be. I am very confident I know that the suggestion made by the greater circulation than the gold dollar. Secretary of the Treasury in his annual report is not one that the If the variation between the dollars comes, one dollar Ol" the American people want to follow. I assume that this somewhat other for the time being will be in greater demand for the trans­ difficult and to me somewhat uncertain provision about the banks actions of domestic commerce. Which will that be? When the 944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 18,

demand I speak of came for silver in England,. it was for silver to REFt:NDING THE DEBT. go to India, where it was needed and where it was of greater value Then comes the proposition that we refund the public debt. than in England, and the India demand put it to a premium. Some of our obligations are due; $25,000,000, I believe, are paya­ Mr. President, demand for domestic use is always for the cheaper ble at the option of the Government. Some of them, I do not re­ money. If gr>ld becomes relatively cheaper than silver, gold will call how many, will be due in 1904-$100,000,000, the Senator from be what every man in commercial life will seize upon with which Iowa [Mr. ALLISON] says--somein 1907, and some in 1908. Eight to pay his debts; and jus~ as soon as he begins to use the_ _gol~, hundred and forty million dollars or $850,000,000 are to be refunded which is below par, we will say, that use, that demand, brmgs 1t in 2 per cent bonds, which are to be made the ba-sis of the bank­ up to ~ leyel with the othe~ money. The ~act that he does not ing system of this country, as I understand. That is supposed to take other dollars or the higher dollar brrngs that down to a be the merit of the bill, as this provision is to be the agency which lower level. That is one of the beauties of bimetallism. will secure their exchange, for the banks will use them, as I un­ Mr. STEWART. I should like to inquire, if one were above derstood the Senator from .Rhode Island to say in his address the the other, would not that offer an excuse to the Government to other day in the Senate. issue more bonds? Mr. ALDRICH. That is one of its merits. Mr. TELLER. Of course; for the Government would have to Mr. TELLER. Well, one of them. I have no doubt that these maintain the parity and would have to exchange the dearer money bonds will be exchanged to some extent; but I doubt very much for the cheaper money, or to issue more bonds and take them up whether all of them will be exchanged until about the time they at a premium. There is difficulty in circulating money made of become due. two different kinds of metal. If the demand should be very But, Mr. President, in this exchange of bonds is the Trojan great for. one, the coin o~ th~t metal may depai:t fro~ the country; horse. Here is the declaration that these bonds are payable in but it will come back m time, and the relation will never be a gold. The Senator from Rhode Island the other day, when he disturbed relation for any considerable length of time. That is was addressing the Senate, said one of the objects of this bill was the history of money. That relation must be practically close; to strengthen the public credit-I shall not have time to read what because the demand for domestic use is always for the cheaper be said-and that another object was to remove the burden of money, and the lack of or lessened demand for the dear money taxation from the people. Am I correct in that? lessens its value, and so the equilibrium is maintained. Mr. ALDRICH. Yes. It is provided in section 2 of the substitute- Mr. TELLER. Mr. President, I will admit that the burden of That it sb8.ll be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury, in order to se­ taxation can be removed from the people to some extent by re­ cure the prompt and certain redemption of United Statesnotesand Treasury ducing the interest on the bonds; but I am at a loss to understand notes as hereinbefore provided, to set apart in the Treasury a reserve fund of $150

1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 945 by partisan caucuses and partisan force, they would never vote have legislation the avowed purpose of which is to strengthen the for it. Mr. President, I do not believe the American people will credit and to remove taxation. The Senator did not tell us how take kindly to the creation of their money by corporations. I our credit is threatened, nor did he tell us how this bill can pos­ believe they think that if paper money is to be issued by anybody sibly relieve us from the burdens of taxation. the Government of the United States is the proper authority to I repeat, this legislation is proposed for the purpose of meeting issue it, for then it would have back of it all the wealth of the a demand which is made outside of this Chamber, not by the peo­ nation; it would have back of it the instinct of the American ple, but by the money power, to put us upon the gold standard, people to do right, to be just, and to maintain the honor of the so that we who are opposed to this policy can not reverse it un­ country in seeing that such money is redeemed at such time as less we shall secure control of all three branches of the Govern­ we pledge ourselves to redeem it. ment. When it comes to be to the interest of this great banking We have seen something of the power of the national banks. combination that there shall be no change of the Administration Why, Mr. President, within a shbrt time we have seen one of the in power, which remembers them in its beneficences when it great banks, through its vice-president, appealing to the Secretary pays out money, and when it deposits the money of the people in of the Treasury to deposit large sums of the Government moneys their banks and leaves it there, they will see, by methods which in its coffers upon the theory that it or its directors J1 ad rendered they understand, that no change shall be made. valuable service during the last campaign to the political party in INTERNATIONAL BIMETALLISM: DESERTED. power. You have not forgotten, sir, I think, the letter sent by It will not do for Senators to say that they now hope for bi· Mr. Hepburn to the Secretary of the Treasury. I have it here, metallism by international agreement. That plea has had its and, so that no one may say I misrepresent it, I am going to read day with the Republican organization. It was the shibboleth of it. It ought to have blistered the hands of the Secretary of the the campaign in 1896. When we claimed the Republican party Treasury when he received it, because he retained it without re­ was a gold-standard party they denied it; when we said to t4em, buke to the man who wrote it-he a man who himself had held a "You are not in earnest about promoting international bimet~l­ high position in this country al! a financial officer in connection lism," they declared that they were. A question came up in with the Treasury. Financial favors to be extended to national another place in the spring of 1897, before this Administration banks because they have extended favors to a political organiza­ came into power, as to the construction of the platform at St. tionl I will read the letter, which is as follows: Louis. Some gentlemen said it was a gold-standard platform,· THE NATION.AL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK, but distinguished members of this political organization declared New York, June 5, 1897. then and there that it was not a gold-standard platform, but a. MY DEAR MR. GAGE: The National City Bank of this city, of which I re­ bimetallic platform; and in that discussion they quoted the Re­ cently became vice-president through the consolidation of the business of the publican platforms of 1888, of 1892, and of 1896 as proof to those Third National with it, is one of the banks designated as a United States depository, and I write to request that in an¥ changes which may be made who listened that the Republican party was as a party wedded to under the Administration we may not be dISturbed in this respect. We bimetalJism. should like to remain a United States depository, as at present. Of course, One gentleman of high prominence in the Republican party­ the bank iB very strong, and if you will take the pa.ins to look at our list of directors you will see that we also have very great political claims in view of he voted for this House bill-declared that the Republican party what was done during the canvass last year. was a bimetallic party, and he quoted a provision of the platform Yours, very truly, of 1896 to prove it. The discussion was on the question of the A. B. HEPBURN. appointment of a commission to go to Europe. I do not know Hon. LYMAN J. GAGE. . United States Trecuury, Washington, D. 0. whether it is true or not, but I thoroughly believe that if this political organization now in power had declared in 1896 that they Mr. President, I do not read that letter with any feeling of pleas­ were for the single gold standard, they would not be in power ure. I ~m not one of those who would ever willingly and with to-day. This was in 1897. This gentleman-he had been inter­ satisfaction speak ill of those in authority. I like to believe that rupted-said: the American people and the American officials are honest; I like I was saying that more than one hundred men who will ornament the next to believe that they pursue proper methods. But here is a letter House of Representatives on the Republican side owe their election to that which ought to have gone back to the man who wrote it with a platform and an honest espousal of it before the masses of the people. blistering reply from the Secretary of the Treasury; but it did He and his associates were then contending that that was a bi· not. It is put upon the files of the Department. Why? Because metallic platform against those who were contending that it was subsequent events indicate very strongly that the Secretary of the a gold-standard platform. I know, of course, that the Republican Treasury in tended to comply with that request, and to comply with party have claimed that they have done all that can be done in it as a reward for services rendered in a political campaign. the way of an international agreement. I do not believe they Mr. President, I have not the language in which to express, and have. I know that a great many people have not much faith in I shall not trust myself to try to express, what I think and feel an international agreement. I know we tried it in 1878 and about such a transaction as that; but when I see bank presidents failed. We tried it in 1881 and failed. We tried it in 1892 and and Secretaries of the Treasury acting, not in the interests of the failed. We tried it again in 1897, and we failed again, and a~y American people, but in the way of reward for what some man man who will take a careful survey of the condition that then ex­ has done politically, I do not want these banks to get any greater isted knows that it was infinitely better for an international agree­ power in this country than they have now; I do not want to see ment in 1897 than it was when either of these other conferences the time when they shall say, as they may, ''We will make money met. - dear in this· country," or" We will make it cheap." Mr. Presi­ The President of the United States sent a commission consisting dent, we often hear of the high sense of honor which is said to of three distinguished gentlemen. I want to bear witness that in exist among banking men, but I have no doubt the man who my judgment that commission did everything in the power of any wrote that letter is as much respected and honored as any other three men. I do not attribute to them any dereliction of duty. I man in the banking circles of New York, for what he did the rest believe they went to Europe with the express purpose of procuring of them are doing-they are getting their reward for their support an agreement if they could-at least, two of them did; with one of the political organization now in power. of them I did not have the pleasure of personal acquaintance, and No, sir, the American people do not want their financial affairs therefore I can not speak so thoroughly as to him-but two of mixed up with politics. They do not want these banks to be able, them went over hoping, and I do not know but believing, that when an election is coming on, to make money plentiful and again they could secure some international arrangement touching this when they want to assist a party in power, as they did in 1893, difficult question. · when they wanted to make odious a statute which had been But no man familiar with this question could have hoped, could passed, contract the currency of the country so as to make hard have expected! could have had a shadow of expectation of success times and bring about certain results. We have not forgotten unless the commission was strongly and consistently supported by the aid they rendered Mr. Cleveland in 1893 to produce the mem­ the President. We knew before the commission was dispatched orable financial crisis of that year to secure the repeal of the Sher­ the difficulties we had had in 1878, the difficulties in 1881, and the man law of 18!:10. difficulties in 1892, and that some of them were still existing; and DOES NECESSITY EXIST? yet it has been recognized ever since we attempted it that in order Mr. President, is there any necessity for this legislation at the to succeed the Administration must stand back of the commission present time? I asked that question yesterday, and I shall be de­ and that it must have the hearty support of the Government lighted if any Senator will tell me, beyond the statement made by of the United States. Such support has never been behind any the Senator from Rhode Island, that the bill is to P.ustain the credit commission up to this hour, and you will never secure an inter­ of the United States and ease us of taxation. Then I should like national agreement until you have that kind of supp.ort. to ask the Senator from Rhode Island whether there is any trouble The commission went to Europe, and in a little while we began with American credit? Is anybody attacking American credit at to see in the newspapers reports of the kindly way in which it this hour in any part of the earth? Is there any other country was received. We knew that the House of Parliament had de­ that can sell its securities at such figures as we can? All our bonds clared just a short time before that they were much disturbed by are in price above the bonds of any other country in the world; the existing relation of gold and silver, and had declared it was, no one is doubting our solvency or our honesty; ·and yet we are to the desire of the British Government to secure some kind of an ._ XXXIII-60 946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 18,

arrangement that would put the two metals in commercial har­ That resolution was lying on the table of the Committee on Ap­ mony, if possible, or words to that effect. I have the report here, propriations waiting to be reported, when it should be seen that but I do not think it is worth while to read it. We knew also it could be passed or amended, if necessary, in order that we that the Russian Government before that time had, through one might adjourn at the time fixed by the House of Representatives. of their great conventions of agriculturists, declared-and, it was We had been here since the 4th of March. The message of the sai.d at the time, with the approval of the Czar-that they were in President of the United States is as follows: favor of going to the bimetallic system. We knew that the Presi­ To the Congress of the United States: dent of France was an open and avowed bimetallist and in favor In my message convening the Congress in extraordinary session I called of an international arrangement with us. attention to a sinjlle subject-that of providing revenue adequate to meet the reasonable and proper expenses of the Government. I believed that to I will leave one of the commissioners to tell the tale. We got be the most pressing subject for settlement then. A bill to provide the nec­ encouraging news from Europe. The most of us who keep up essary revenues for th~ Government has already passed the House of Repre­ correepondence with men of like ideas abroad received letters say­ sentatives and the Senate and awaits Executive action. Another question of very great importance is that of the establishment of ing, "There is hope over here," arid we all felt cheered for a time our currency and banking system on a better basis, which I commented upon that possibly the solution of this difficult and important question in my inaugural address in the following words: would be brought about. Nobody begrudged this Administration "Our financial system needs some revision; our money is all good now, the credit of the accomplishment if it could bring about general but its value must not further be threatened. It should all be put upon an enduring basis, not subject to easy attack, nor its stability to doubt or dis­ bimetallism. I would have been delighted J!lyself if it could have pute. The several forms of ou.r paper money offer, in my judgment, a con­ accomplished it. I could have walked back into that political stant embarrassment to the Government and imperil a safe balance in the organization if it could have done that. But it failed. And it Treasury." Nothing was settled more clearly at the late national election than the failed because this Administration did not intend it should suc­ determination upon the part of the people to keep their currency stable in ceed. We know that the Secretary of the Treasury filled the news­ value and equal to that of-the most advanced nations of the world. papers from the time- the commfssion reached Europe until it The soundness of our currency is nowhere questioned. No loss can occur to its holders. It is the system which should oo simplified and strengthene~ acknowledged its failure with declarations in favor of the gold keeping our money just as good as it is now, with less expense to the Gov­ standard. We knew that he had done everything in his power ernment and the people. to thwart the purpose for which these men were abroad. The sentiment of the country is strongly in favor of early action by CongreBB in this direction, to revise our currency laws and remove them I am going to read the remarks made by my colleague [Mr. from partisan contention. A notable assembly of business men, with dele­ WOLCOTT] on this subject when he returned. Nobody will dis­ gates from 29 States and Territories, was held at Indianapolis in January of pute their correctness: this year. The financial situation commanded their earnest attention, and after a two days' session the convention recommended to Congress the ap­ Here, Mr. President, I should naturally end this account of our' negotia­ pointment of a monetary commission. tions, negotiations which are still pending and undetermined. The extraor­ I commend this report to the consideration of Congress. The authors of dinary statements,,, however, lately made by the Secretary of the Treasury, the reJ)ort recommend a commission "to make a thorough investigation of and which, unerp1ained, must seriously affect the future of any further the monetary affairs and needs of this country in all relations and aspects, attempts toward securing international action, require some reference at and to make proper suggestions as to any evils found to exist and the reme­ this time. dies therefor." When Congress convened on the 6th of last month the President, in his This subject should receive the:attention of Con~ess a.tits special session. reference to the subject of international bimetallism, spoke earnestly and It ought not to be postponed until the regular eess1on. anxiously_ of his desire to see an international bimetallic agreement consum­ I therefore urgently recommend that a.special commission be creat.ed, non­ mated. His assnrances gave renewed hope to bimetallists all over the coun­ partisan in its character, to be composed of well-informed citizen.-t of differ­ try, and seemed final and conclusive answer to those who had claimed that ent parties who will command the confidence of Congress and the country the President was not in earnest in his efforts toward international bimetal­ because of their special fitness for the work, whose duty it shall be to make lism. For myself, I needed no such proof. I had again and again been made recommendations of whatever changes in our present banking and currency to know how genuine was the President's devotion to this settlement of the laws may be found necessary and expedient, and to report their conclusions vexed question. Within a fortnight after this, with no event meanwhile on or before the 1st day of November next, in order that the sa.me may be which would change existing conditions, the Secretary of the Treasury, in transmitted by me to Congress for its consideration at its first regular session. snvport of a bill which he has prepared respecting the currency, said as fol­ It is to be hoped that the report thus made will be so comprehensive and lows to a committee of Congress: sound as to receive the support of all par.ties and thefavorabie action of Con­ "The objects I have in mind in the series of provisions offered by me are gress. At all events, such a. report can not fail to be of value to the executive four in number: branch of the Government, as well as to those charged with public legisla­ "1. To commit the country more thoroughly to the gold standard, remove, tion, and to greatly assist in the establishment of an improved system of so far as possible, all doubts and fears on that point, and thus strengthen the finance. credit of the United States both at home and abroad." WILLIAM McKINLEY. The two statements a.re utterly at variance and contradictory to each EXECUTIVE MANSION, July f4, 1897. other. They can not be reconciled. This is not the proper occasion to ana­ lyze the bill of the Secretary. It will reach limbo long before it reaches the The world knew that the convention at Indianapolis had de­ Senate. He proposes to capitalize the premium on our bonds sold recently clared in the most emphatic terms possible for the gold standard and to make of them, with others to be issued, a security definitely payable and that they had recommended a commission for the purpose of in gold. The Secretary forgets that only a few months ago, when the country was gecuring .legislation to establish the gold standard. In view of in dire distress, we were compelled to pay$9,000 OOOfor the privilege of keep­ this fact was not the President's message equivalent to a declara­ ing the word "gold" out of some of these very bonds. He ought not to for­ tion to the world that we intended to go to the gold standard? I get. for the bank of which he was president, it was said got some of the bonds and reeeived some of the proceeds of that deplorable 'transaction.1 But I do state what is a fact, and, if necessary, I could call upon the mem­ not intend to discuss the bill which the President's message specifically does bers of the commission, and I could call upon plenty of men who not indorse, and it is premature to criticise the Secreta1•y's Republicanism, are not members, when I say that from that hour there was no for his advent into the party and the Ca.binet were practically contempora­ neous. We must accept the situation. longer any interest on the part of Great Britain in this financial In my opinion, thegreat majority of the members of the Republican party question with relation to international agreement. Two weeks later are bimetallists, and the fact that they are misrepresented by a. Cabinet offi­ a report came concerning the Indian affairs, which had been held cer is not pleasing, but it is endurable. The selection of the members of his in abeyance for many months to see what might come out of this official household is the President's own affair, and so long as he stands upon the question of bimetallism where he has ever stood there is' no serious conference, declaring that India was to be put upon the gold ground for apprehension. But even in the inconceivable event that the Chief standard. I do not like to comment upon this message very much, Magistra.t.e of this people should, in the exercise of his judgment; determine and yet I can not see why the President sent it to us unless he to countenance the final fastening upon this country of the burdens of the gold standard, I trust we may strn have warrant for faith and hope in the wanted to give notice to the world that the Republican party here· pledges of the party and the wisdom of its counsels. after would be for the gold standard and not for bimetallism. We will cross our bridges when we come to them. The time when this I remember some utterances of his and words that he sent country will submit to the final im"t>osition of ~old monometallism is far away. Whatever differences of opinion may exist as to the ability of this through his friends to people in distant sections that he would country to maintain a.lone the ~arity between silver and gold, there is no "keep the promises he had made," and that they were construed question that the concurrence of other nations would help and not hinder the everywhere into a declaration that he intended to establish the ca.use of bimetallism in the United States, and efforts to secure it ought to receive the cordial support of every citizen who is opposed to gold mono­ gold standard. The promises which his party had made were that metallism. they would maintain the condition of affairs which then existed, THE PRESIDENT'S PART IN IT. and that they would go on and promote bimetallism by an inter­ Mr. President, there was trouble not only with the utterances national agreement. Does anybody think that the course of the of the Secretary, but while this commission was negotiating, and Administration was calculated to promote international bimetal­ at a time, I believe, when, if they had ever had any hope or reason tism? for hope, it then existed in greater degree than at any other time, Mr. ALLISON. What does the President mean when he says the President of the United States sent to us a message. I have said he hopes the commission will recommend legislation that will I did not believe the Administration wanted this effort to succeed. meet the approval of all parties? No man better than I knows that that is a grave charge, a charge Mr. TELLER. The President of the United States could not that I would not make here or elsewhere for political purposes, have hoped that a commission appointed in the way that this was 3illd I would not make it if I did not believe the President's action to be appointed could ever submit a measure that would meet the had in a great degree injured the attempt that was being made, approval of everybody. Certainly not if it was to establish the and I think was made, for the express purpose of closing that gold standard. The Senator from Iowa, with his long experience, transaction and giving the world to understand that we were knows that no financial bill could be brought here that would going to the gold standard and there intended to remain. This meet the approval of everybody. message came to us on the 24th day of July. The House of Rep­ International bimetallism is abandoned. You will hear nothing resentatives had already sent to us a resolution for adjournment. of it unless it be at the beginning of the campaign next year for

·, 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE. 947 the purpose of deluding the voters. as we heard it in 1896. Mr. Now, Mr. President, other countries have attempted to go to President, immediately after the close of the last election one of the gold standard besides ours. Russia has attempted to go to the great newspapers of New York announced that "it was time the gold standard; Austria has attempted to go to the gold stand­ to be honest." I supposed I had the verbatim quotation, but I ard; the Argentine Republic has attempted to go to the gold have mislaid it, apparently. I can not put my hand on it for the standard; Chile, Brazil, and Japan. In a letter written in 1898 moment. It announced that it was now time to be honest and to Dr. Giffin, who is the most notable of all the gold advocates of stop fooling with international bimetallism, that the international Europe, declared that all those countries had failed to establish bimetallism clause had been put in the platform to catch votes, the gold standard. The public press tell us that Chile is about to and now that the election was over the proper thing was just to return to her silver standard because she can not maintain the repudiate the whole thing. That seems to have been the attitude gold standard. And this, too, notwithstanding the output of gold of a good many others than that newspaper. I think the utter- in the last three years has been greater than it was for one hun­ ance represents the position of a good many people, I am sorry dred and fifty years after the discovery of America. to say. What is our own condition? If the Treasury Department is cor- Mr. TILLMAN. Will the Senator from Colorado allow me to rect, we have more than one-fifth of the world's gold. And yet remind him that the President, previous to the time under con- we are in financial distress . .There was recently a panic in New sideration, influenced a Democratic House to repeal the Sherman York> the Secretary of the Treasury says, to such an extent that law, and that a Democratic Congressman from Maryland said the he was compelled to offer to take in $25,000,000 of bonds, and he Chicago platform of 1892, which those of us who were present paid out for bonds $21,000,000. Not only that, bnt so great was said was a bimetallic platform, was good enough to be elected on, the disturbance of financial affairs in this country that the Secre­ but was not worth a snap afterwards? Perhaps our Republican tary of the Treasury has put into the national banks of this friends learned the same trick. country for their use, to keep up the prices and to maintain the Mr. TELLER. I should say they did. commercial equilibrium, I believe somewhere in the neighborhood DEMONETIZATION OF SILVER. of $120,000,000. He had $94,000,000 in the banks not long since, Now, Mr. President, there has.been a good deal said in the conn- and he has been putting in ever since, and I have seen in the pub· try, and I will not spend much time on it, about the act of 1853 lie press that the sum amounts to $120,000,000. He expressed his demonetizing silver. I have heard a great.many men say it did. determination to put in, in addition to what was in, when there I have seen the statement in a great many newspapers. The act were eighty-odd millions, at least $40,000,000 more. of 1853 simply changed our financial system as respects the small A commercial condition that i·equires boosting up by the Treas­ money; it dealt with the half dollars and quarters and took out ury Department is a bad one, and if a people with nearly one­ some of the silver and reduced the extent of the legal-tender qual· fourth of the world's gold are in extremis, what will we be if ity of some of the coins. That is all it did. We had found that there should be a demand upon us, as there may be, for a large up to that time there was too much silver in our subsidiary money, share of that gold which we now hold? We certainly hold more or just as much in two half dollars as in a dollar, and they had than our share. No nation in the world has ever been able to been legal tender; but the enactment of that year took about 6 hold for any great length of time any more of the bullion money cents' worth ont of each half dollar, I think, or something in that of the world than her share. France comes nearer to doing this neighborhood. - than any other nation, and she has had a struggle from time to Mr. ALLISON. It reduced the value 7 per cent. time to hold her gold in her treasury or in the Bank of France. Mr. TELLER. Seven per cent. I wanted to call the attention With financial disturbance in France, in England, in Austria, in of the Senate to the fact that the act was passed February 21, 1853. Germany, in Russia, in Roumania, Mr. President, it does not seem But in March, 1853, a few days later, another act was passed to be a good time to go to the gold standard and stake everything That act is practically an unlimited coinage act. It provided for upon one money metal and that the money metal that the world the silver being refined and taken to the mint and mint certifi- ~ struggling for. Of course we may continue to have this great cates being given before it was coined into dollars, and it is not output of gold; I trust we may; but we ought to remember that possible to torture that into a demonetization of silver. It was $400,000,000 next year will not have the same influence upon the said in another place that the debate indicated a desire to get rid commerce of the world that $150,000,000 had in former years. The of silver. I do not think that contention can be sustained any- influence of the yearly output is determined by the mass against where. I do not think anybody has any proof that anyone in that which it goes. transaction supposed he was disturbing the silver dollar itself. THE WORLD'S GOLD OUTPUT. I shall not attempt to-n1ght to say some things which yesterday When Columbus discovered America the world was devoid of I said I wanted to say a bout ''unrealized prophecies." I will take money metals, and a few millions of money coming in was a great occasion to say what I wanted to say on that point some other percentage on the world's stock. Now the world's stock is be­ day, because it is not absolutely essential to this debate. I know tween nine and ten thousand million dollars of gold and silver. we made some prophecies that have not altogether come true, Then, when there is a great output of gold and silver, it is a trifling but we will offset them. We will put them against all theprophe- percentage of the great stock, and its influence is slight. Reduce cies our friends ever have made from time to time as to the danger it one-half, destroy the silver, and then the silver that comes out of the use of silver, none of which came true. has its influence in no part of the Christian world as a money WHY cHANaE? · metal, and the gold that comes out is left to have its influence But, Mr. President, I wish to ask a question here, and then I upon the gold of Christendom alone. If we have four thousand believe I will conclude for the present. I wish to ask Senators six hundred million dollars of gold in Christendom, I will say, who advocate this bill and say it is a good time now for us to $400,000,000 is but a trifling percentage on it, but its effect is change our financial system if it is not a fact that at this time, greater than it would be on all the silver and gold together. whether it is not true, that with all the great output of gold in It is a well-known fact that as the quantity of gold increases this country and in the world in the last few years, that in the so the demand for it increases. Money is the only thing in the whole history of mankind there has ever been a greater struggle world for which a superabundance or oversupply increases the f<).:_gold than is going on right now; and is it not to be assnmed demand. An excess of wheat or corn or cotton or of any of the tilat this struggle must continue if we go to a gold standard and commodities of life tends to lower their price, Money, on thecon­ make gold the only money in use in this country except bank trary, when that comes in excess, creates a commercial activity, paper, which, of course, is not international money. and this increases t4e demand for it. That again begets a further Mr. President, the Bank of England is the great financial regu- demand for money. Such is the history of the world. If $4.00,· lator, perhaps, of Europe. It is not so great a. bank in some re- 000,000 comes from the mines next year-and I would not be sur­ spects as the Bank of France, but it has had, perhaps, a greater prised if it does, and I hope it will-that sum will be absorbed in influence on the affairs of mankind than the Bank of France. A the channels of trade and commerce without financial disturbance, writer not long since said that whenever the Bank of England except to the extent that it lowers the purchasing power, or, on made money dear money was dear all over the world, and I think the other hand, putting it the other way, to the extent that it there is some truth in that statement. . raises prices, which I believe will be a great blessing to mankind. Now, what has been the condition of the Bank of England- But we do not knowhow long this increased supplyof gold may that is, the great commercial center of the world to-day? It has continue. We are going to a fina.ncial system that will outlive, recently raised its rate of discount from 5 to 6, and threatens to perhaps, this great output of gold. We saw in 1858 and 1859 the raise it to 7. There is every reason to suppose that it may be whole world upset because there was one hundred and fifty or one compelled to do so. Why? Because a few hundred thousand dol- hundred and sixty million dollars of gold that came into circula­ lars of gold were drawn out of its coffers for use somewhere else. tion in a single year, because California put upon the markets The Bank of France has raised its rate of discount twice within a $60,000,000 of gold. We heard not only in Europe but in the very short time, a proceeding very unusual for the Bank of United States men predicting that gold would be too cheap for France, simply to prevent the export of gold. The banks of Russia money, and some contracts were made in the United States and have raised their discount to 10 and 15 per cent, and Russia, with in Europe for payment in silver. Some of them exist in New her great stock of gold, has not yet fully established the gold England to-day and are being paid in silver by weight. standard. · If it had not been for the action of France, which accepted all 948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 1~3, the gold that came to her mint and resisted the efforts of leading .money with open mints $1.38 an ounce, as they nave tbe ratio of men who declared that she ought to demonetize gold, prices meas­ gold to silver of 1 to 15. ured in gold would have risen much beyond what they did, and Heretofore, up to the last famine, up· to 1893, when there was a the purchasing power of gold would have been 50 percent of what stringency of food. the men who had silver bullion or silver orr~­ it bad been. Yet Senators will tell us that gold is a stable metal ments took their silver to the mint, got rupees for it, and boug~ · and that a dollar of it is always of the same value. food for their families. Their wealth, their savings, consist in Mr. President, nobody need be alarmed about the great output these silver trinkets that I have mentioned. When they want to of gold. It is a blessing t-0 mankind. We have spmeprosperity convert them into money they go to the Indian broker and sell them, now. We owe it to the fact that gold has increased in a degree and formerly they did this, or we11t to the mint with thEm and that nobody expected. Our financial condition is not better than got rupees for them. that of some parts of Europe. You talk about prosperity here Now, since the mints have been closed they sell to the Indian and say that the Administration brought it. Who brought it to broker for whatever he is willing to pay. If he offers them an the greater part of Europe? Conditions are infinitely better now insufficient price, they must take what he will pay, as the mints than they were five years ago in Europe. We boast of our great are closed. production of commodities. The entire world is now manufactur­ Probably in the whole history of brokerages and purchases of ing more of everything than it eve!! manufactured before in its that kind there are no people who are more intolerant in their history. We talk about the great output of iron in this country. dealings than those Indian brokers. So the poor, ignorant na­ Why, Mr. President, the European countries are keeping pace tive, heretofore considering his spangles and bangles the same as with us proportionately in the growth of iron and steel industries, money, goes to the broker, and the broker says that the silver in although they do not quite come up to us in the prices, simply be­ them is not worth $1.38 an ounce; it is worth 50 cents or 45 cents cause we have a great combination that fixes the price of iron and or 40 cents, or whatever he thinks the man will part with it for. steel in this country. Russia has increased her product of iron in So, Mr. President, those people are selling those things for less a greater per cent than we have ours. England maintains her than a third of what they would have sold them for, and their output in proportion to ours. consuming capacity and supporting capacity is destroyed to the GOOD TIMES AND THE VOLUME OF MONEY. extent of two-thfrds. Mr. President, this gold that comes out and enters into the chan­ Yet, sir, we are told again and again that commerce settles all nels of trade is doing what we declared it would do when we said these questions and that law means nothing when it touches there was not money enough in the country to do the business money. Why, law cut those people out of two-thirds of their with. Having increased our stock of money in this country to a holdings as certainly as· you would have done here if you had very large extent, we can see the impetus that is given to business, taken out of the banks in this country two-thirds of the cash and it would have come to us if Mr. Bryan had been elected, or deposits and appropriated them to your own use. There are Mr. Smith, or any other man. No political organization has a starving and distress in India because the interest of British capi­ right to stand before the American people and say, " This pros­ tal is con_sidered instead of the_interest of the people of Indfa. perity comes by our agenc:y." You can not point out anything that you have done that brmgs it to us. Does your tariff create AMOUNT OF GOLD IN CIRCULATION. this great export of commodities? Nobody will pretend that it Mr. CHANDLER. Will the Senator allow me? does. I do not mean to say that I do not think a tariff is a wise The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Colo­ and beneficial thing properly laid. I do so believe, and I believe rado yield to the Senator from New Hampshire? that the tariff may sometimes change conditions very materially. Mr. TELLER. I will yield to the Senator. But, Mr. President, this is not a local or national change only. Mr. CHANDLER. One of the questions which seem to me to I repeat, there is not a country in Christendom that has not felt make the adoption or rejection of gold monometallism, as pro­ the stimulating and life-giving influence of this great output of posed by this bill, almost a moral question is the damage done to gold, and all will continue to feel it, I hope. Times would have the people of the silver-using nations of India and China by the been equally good if silver had been recognized as a money metal destruction of their values. which have been values in those coun­ for some years by the world. We would have been getting the tries almost from the foundation of the world. The Senator from benefit of the great p'roduct of that metal, not at 50 cents on a Colorado is presenting that view of the case. dollar, but at its old mint rate. A great production of silver has I have never said anything about "the crime of 1873," because the same effect on commerce and trade that a great production of I have thought the stoppage of silver coinage in the United States gold has. at that time was an accident and not intentional; but I am in­ There are many other things that I hope to say before this clined to think that the deliberate reduction by England, aided debate is over, but I will not attempt to say them now. I do, how­ by the United States, of the values of the silver coins and the sil­ ever, want to say another word that comes properly in this con­ ver hoards in the Orient is almost a crime, an offense against nection. I adverted to the condition of the Bank of England. ·I morality-for a great economic question may have a moral side wish to say what I should have said when I was touching upon it. to it. Within the last two months the Bank of England seriously proposed Now, the injury done to the poor people of the Orient depends shutting off all discounts for the purpose of holding her gold. She very much upon the quantity of silver coin and silver bullion only refrained from doing so, an English periodical says, when the which there is in those countries. The Senator from Colorado brokers who make loans in London, fearing a panic, went to the has made some statements as to the amounts. I have previously bank officials and said, ''If you close your discounts, we will close made some statements in this body as to the amounts. The ours." Then what happens? The bank will have to shut up. junior Senator from Colorado [Mr. WOLCOTT], now absent. made Then the bank reconsidered the matter. Now, Mr. President, estimates in a speech to which the senior Senator has referred. with that condition of the world, I repeat, we ought not to be "All this is preliminary to a question. I want to ask the Senator going to any new experiments and trying this standard when from Colorado whether his attention has been called to the fact things are well enough here at home, or, if not good enough, bet­ that the present Director of the Mint in his report for last year ter than they have for some time been, and better than, I believe, has largely reduced the quantities of silver in India from previous they will be under this bill when it becomes a law and its full estimates, and that if he is correct the amounts are not nearly so effect as such is felt. large as we-have thought they were, and consequently the dam­ age done by demonetization is not so large. Has the Senator's GOLD ST.A.NDARD IN INDIA. attention been called to those reduced estimates? If so, what England has been trying to put India upon the gold standard. does he think about them? She commenced that process actively immediately after the fail­ Mr. TELLER. The Senator is diverting me from what I was ure of the last international conference. She had been sendjng saying, except that I made a statement as to the amount of silver some gold there and tying up some in the Bank of England for in India. the purpose of getting India on that standard. The result has Mr. President, I do not rely upon statistics presented by the been just as it was when they closed the mint in 1893. Soon after Treasury Department. I found in one report that the amount of that there came a famine, which my colleague on this floor [Mr. gold in circulation in Great Britain was placed at$5 4,000,000. I WoWOTT] properly characterized as not a food famine but a thought then that there was not a man in the country who touched money famine. And all Europe admitted that it was a money statistics who did not know that that statement was untrue. famine. There is another famine in India. It is another money There had been a great discussion going on in England for some famine, Mr. President; it is not a food famine. years as to the volume of the gold in circulation, and some of the My colleague in the remarks he made when he came back from scientists of Great Britain, men who dealt with economic ques­ Europe stated that there were a thousand million ounces of silver tions, have declared that instead of there being about five hundred held by the natives of India in spangles and bangles and· trinkets, millions, as had be.en claimed, there was less than $400,000,000. which I think is not an exaggeration. I myself, from an exami­ Nobody, I think, claimed above $500,000,000. That is about the nation I made many years ago and from the testimony of some amount at which it was generally stated. who know something about it, think the quantity is even greater The last report of the Director of the Mint has corrected that than that. A thousand million ounces of silver are worth in India error, and instead of placing the amount as $584,000,000 it is given

/ 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 949 at $4:38,000,000. Here was $14:6,000,000 more gold said to be in where he gets his new amount I do not know, but I do know that Great Britain last year than is now reported there. When I made the effor~ is being made 1io reduce the estimate of the quantity of an investigation in order to ascertain whether Great Britain had silver money and silver ornaments in India. been importing or expo;rting gold, I found she had a net import of Mr. ALLISON. It seems that the Director of the Mint has also gold since the report of $584:,000,000 was made, and still she now made an effort to reduce the estimate of the quantity in Great has only $438,000,000. When it was claimed she had $580,000,000 Britain, so that he seems to be impartial in the matter. she did not have $400,000,000. A distinguished firm of scientists Mr. TELLER. I will not say that the Director of the Mint pur­ has declared that she did not have more than $380,000,000. posely misf?tated that there was $584:,000,000 of gold in Englandt I can find many other errors in all" of the reports, and many but either he is not the man who ought to make estimates in re­ errors as great as these in the statistics which come to us from gard to these matters or else he has been misinformed. I think the Treasury Department. I do not remember the amount of it likely he did not know what he was talking about. silver which they have given as being used in France. If you Mr. CHANDLER. I do not make any such accusation as that. take the official report, I venture to say you will find it does not I found several errors in one of his tables, and I called them to his give half the amount of silver that is in circulation in France. attention. He has explained them satisfactorily to me, and I make Can the Senator from New Hampshire give me the last report of no imputation against him. I think Mr. Roberts is endeavoring themint on the amount of silver in France? to arrive at the truth; but there is a great deal of uncertainty Mr. CHANDLER. I have not the table here. about the quantities of gold and silver in the form of money, in Mr. TELLER. Never mind; these erroneous statements have· the form of bullion, and in the form of ornaments in this world been repeated from time to time for three or four years. France of ours. I ask the Senator from Iowa how much gold there is in has not been exvorting silver. She has been holding her silver India, according to his understanding of the case? steadily, and it is performing money duty. She can not afford to Mr. ALLISON. I have not the figures before me, but I know export it, and she does not; but it serves the purpose of the Treas­ there is a very large amount of gold in India held in the same way ury Department in their statement to cut the amount down, and that silver is held, in the form of bangles, ornaments, etc. that has been done. Mr. CHANDLER. The best we can do is to get what informa­ In 1887, or about that time, the minister from this country to tion we can from the most reliable sources; and I am not imput­ France reported that we usually said that France had $800,000,000 ing dishonesty to any statistician. of silver, whereas he stated that France had more than one thou­ Mr. TELLER. Mr. President, as the personal agency of the sand million dollars of silver in circulation. If she had it then, Director of the Mint has been brought into question, I think it is she has it now. Authorj.ties which are recognized everywhere say but fair I should read what he said about the stock of money in she has $150,000,000 of silver coin belonging to the members of the England. It seems no more than just that I should do so. Latin Union, which circulates in France, which she can at any The estimate ~.000,000 as tbe stock of gold in the United Kingdom De­ cember 31, 1896, as published in the fiscal report for 1897, was based upon in­ time call upon them to pay her for in gold; but she does not do it formation contained in Money and Prices, published under the auspices of because she does not want to make the scramble for gold greater the Bureau of Statistics, State Department-- than it has been. I have no doubt there are one thousand million An American source- ounces of silver in India which is not in money. · The estimate of $438,000,000, now made, is based upon official information re­ Mr. CHANDLER. Will the Senator allow me to interrupt him ceived from the Brit~h Government. a moment? · My recollection now is, in looking it up, that I foun~d that between Mr. TELLER. Certainly. the time he reported the amount at$584,000,000 and the time that Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator from Kansas has informed me the statement was made the net imports of gold by Great Britain that in asking a question I had used the word "gold" when I were $113,000,000. I had not intended to touch upon this ques­ intended to use the word "silver." I think the estimates of the tion. There was not only an error there, but there was an error Director of the Mint, which are soon to be printed, reduce the regarding other countries. estimate of the quantity of silver in India to something like $650,- Roumania's stock of gold estimated upon official information at $38,600,000 000,000. December 31, 1896. In an article in the New York Tribune of February 8, 1897, Now it is estimated at $14,500,000. Here is a reduction of signed "I. N. F.," Mr. Ford, describing the condition at that time $24,000,000 in Roumania. of the Indian peasantry, says: Mr. ALLISON. Will the Senaror allow me? Sir Lepel Griffin states, on the authority of Mr. Lesley Probyn, that the· Mr. TELLER. Yes, sir. amount of silver in the possession of the Indian peasantry in the form of or­ Mr. ALLISON. The Senator is referring to the report of 1897, naments is l,012,500,000 ounces. giving estimates and statements derived from various sources, Ofcourse,at$1.29anouncethatwouldbemorethan$1,500,000,000 which are stated in the report. I make this statement so that no in ornaments. Now, the estimate which the Director of theMint imputation of ignorance or lack of ability may be cast on the makes is that there is only $650,000,000 of silver in all India. How present Director of the Mint or his predecessor. does the Senator account for that? Mr. TELLER. I was quite aware that the present Director Mr. TILLMAN. Will the Senator from Colorado allow me? did not make these estimates. My remarks referred to the man wno The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Colorado made them. I want to go a little further. The report proceeds: yield to the Senator from South Carolina? • For the stock of gold in Egypt, as published in previous reports, $129,300,000 Mr. TELLER. I do. was the estimate of the late Ottomar Haupt, an eminent statistician of Mr. TILLMAN. If the Senator from Colorado will permit, I France- should like to ask the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. CHAND­ He was about the only gold-standard statistician France has had LER] whether that estimate is upon a gold basis or upon a coinage for some years. This man, who is now dead, was a very ardent basis of 16 to 1? gold-standard man- Mr. CHANDLER. The coinage basis. but from unofficial information there is substantial reason for the belief Mr. ALDRICH. If the Senator will allow me, I should like to that Haupt's estimate was far too great, and it is now placed at $30,000,000. inquire of the Senator from New Hampshire and the Senator Here is an error of $99,000,000 more in Egypt. I repeat what I from Colorado what pertinency that has to the pending bill? said about England. Any man who has kept in touch with the Mr. CHANDLER. I will state now, if the Senator ft.om Col­ financesoftheworldolighttohave known there was not S130,000,000 orado [Mr. TELLER] will allow me, that the question of destroy­ of gold in that country, any more than there is $4,000,000 of gold ing silver as a money metal is very pertinent when there is a bill in the Hawaiian Islands, as now stated by the Director of the Mint. before the Senate to establish gold monometaliism in this country. This figure would give $40 per capita in those islands. The state­ INTEGRITY OF THE STATISTICAL AUTHORITIBS. ment is perfectly absurd. Here is an error of $146,000,000 in Mr. ALLISON. Will the Senator from Colorado allow me? Great Britain, an error of $24,000,000 in Roumania, and one of Mr. TELLER. Yes. $99,000,000 in Egypt. The aggregate is a pretty large sum. Mr. ALLISON. I think I ought to say that the Director of the This calculation is made upon the amount of gold thete is in the Mint in his Teport always gives the sources of his information. I world; and when we say there is not gold enough to do the busi­ do not suppose he has any means of counting or enumerating the ness of the world, we are answered there is so much gold here and bangles and other silver ornaments worn throughout India, and so much there. I think these estimates a.re in very many cases therefore he can only make the best possible estimate; but inas­ made because the parties have a scheme or a position to maintain. much as he gives the sources of his information and how he You will find, if you look over these different estimates, that I reaches his conclusions, I think he ought to have at least credit will be borne out in the assertions I have made. for integrity. Mr. President, I shall leave that subject. I mentioned India. I Mr. CHANDLER. I have not impugned the integrity of the wish to have inserted in the RECORD an article I intended ro read Director of the Mint. The Senator did not understand me to do and comment upon, which appeared in the Financial News of so. The table which he gives in his report is accompanied by a January 3, 1900, written by Mr. Moreton Frewen, who is well letter, and I think his estimate is $650,000,000 of silver in I~dia, as known to most of us. The article is on the condition in India and against $900,000,000 of a year or two ago in the report then made. the suffering there. It is a very interesting presentation. It I think it says that this estimate is obtained from the.United makes a pathetic picture, and I ask that it may be inserted in the States consuls. Whether the full report explains more in detail RECORD without reading. 950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 18,

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it will be These hundreds of thousands of men, who were swept off by actual famine, are the human sacrifices, sacrificed to the golden calf by the fanaticfom of its so ordered. worshipers." The article referred to is as follows: M. Bou-tmy proceeds to show that as the result of the famine of1891 no less Th""])L\N FAMINE AND INDIAN MINTS-"STA.RVA.TION BY LEGISLA.TION"­ than 78 per cent of the men recruited for the army were found to be "in· capables." THE NEW DRAIN OF GOLD TO THE EAST AND THE BANK RATE. Because of the experiments of the Indian government the gold question [By Moreton Frewen.] to-day transcends in importance all other questions. If India in place of A serious famine bas again overtaken some millions of our fellow-subjects drawin~ her trade balances in silver, ic; for the future to draw them in gold, in India, and the :t.>ublic are appealed to for funds to assist the government the dram of gold to the East is certain to keep the European and American of India to fulfill its duties. What is wanted is not food, but money to buy money markets in a perpetiUal state of irritation and unrest. In February food. Thanks to the liberal railway policy of the past fifteen years, supplies of last year, nnderthe heading, "The coming drain of gold to India,"-a drain can be obtained from districts within India which enjoy a surplus, in order which has in the interval already doubled our money rates, although still in to feed sufferers within the fa.mine areas. It was the same with th~ famine its infancy-yon permitted me to lay before yonr readers these figures, which of two years since. Lord George Hamilton asked our community for money let me repeat. I then wrote (February 1, 1899): subscriptions-for cash and not for kind-on the· ground that there was no "That anyone with the :figures disclosed by Mr. Goschen's silver commit­ real scarcity of food anywhere, but that money was sorely needed. The offi­ tee of 1875. can placidly contemplate a drain of gold to India, instead of a drain cial figures, published a little later, showed that he was right and that in the of silver, passes all comprehension. The report of 1875 shows that between worst famine districts the price of a pound of rice was at no time so high as the years 1848 and 1874 the aggregate trade balance in favor of India was no the price of a pound of wheat in London. less than £511,000,000 sterling, a sum la.r~ely in excess of a.11 the gold which It would not be becoming to mince matters merely to a.void rn.ffl.ing the came during those years from Califorma and Australia combined. Recall susceptibilities of official vivisectionists, and I wish to be permitted to record that this drain to India was to a much smaller population, with far less facil­ my conviction that the closing of the Indian mints by our llovernment is mur­ ~ties for export than to-day. To switch off, then, by our own legislation, the der. With mints closed,' whenever there is a local scarcity, whether in the specie hunger of these myriads and to substitute for a demand for silver a Deccan, the Punjab, or elsewhere, while individuals will starve to death, vast demand for gold-truly a change so revolutionary promises in the next cen­ numbers of people a.re going to suffer horribly, and this reduced vitality tury such a.catastrophe as may involve all national debts." makes them the easy victims of the ordinary Indian fevers. When we accuse Emerging from the age of steam, we stand to-day upon the threshold of official India of this odious crime, one official and then another gets up and the electrical age. Our manufacturing supremacy in the coming years will splutters rage and denial; but not one of these bas ever found any reasoned depend upon vast conversions. Veryprobably,indeed, the ocean tides at our reply to our repeated statement that the closing of the mint involves the doors may be destined to give us the motive power we have derived in the death, after cruel suffering, of onr fellow-subjects and that their real famine past century from cheap coal, and may protect us against the competition of reserve fond, accumulated during centuries, is in their ornaments and their the cheap pauper labor of the far east. But the harnessing of the tides will hoards of silver bullion. require an almost incalculable expenditure, and npon the fact that we ca.n Let me once again quote the evidence of an eyewitness, 1\f.r. Forbes Mitchell, borrow at cheaper rates than our foreign competitors our commercial vic­ a well-known Calcutta merchant. Mr. Mitchell Wl'Ote to me during the tory may de~nd. To choose such a time, then, to start a drain of gold to the last famine that he had seen a peasant from one of the worst famine districts East is suicidal; and yet this is exactly what is now going forward in full arrive in Allahabad with bangles and other ornaments which, had the mints sight of all men. Your Calcutta correspondent, in the letter you published been open, would have coined into 1,980 rupees; bnt the mints were closed, last Thursday, showed that during the single month of November the fudian and accordingly this poor man had to part with bis little board of uncoined government bad commandeered 8,600,CXXl rupees of gold from Australia and· silver for 600 rupees; so that the closing of the mints took from this one man Japan-say £600,000. In addition to which they had earmarked, and thus 1,380 rupees and reduced this fa.mine fund, in a village where people were taken out of the market, some £850,000 in gold, which S11fn is now lying in the dying of starvation, by just that a.mount. Does this jnstify my assertion Bank of England. that this precious scheme of tampering with the Indian silver currency is It is safe to say that the exploitation of onr money market by the Indian murder; and if it does not, then why not? And so I ask why we here are to government has already ruined scores of traders here and in America, trad­ subsc1·ibe those 1,380 rupees, when the government of India can itself sub­ ers who a.re even now ignorant of the cause which has led to their disaster scribe them by merely opening its mints and coining them, and why a~ain and I am sure that the estimate is no whit overstated that the appropriation ot we are to put our hands in our pockets, not to help people who, with mm ts only 5,000,000 sovereigns for Calcutta has written down the va.lne of securities open, are well able to help themselves, but that we may prolong the life of a in London and New York by fully £100,000,000 sterling. And all this crime currency experiment which is not merely unscientific, but is shamefully and confusion for what? For a half. baked project that is not merely immoral, immoral-is an experiment in human suffering? but which every intelligent student of currency conditions knows will eke Well did Mr. David Yule, the president of the Bank of Calcutta, declare of out not more than a year or two of life, but which will entail for all time our this amazing trick, "Enforced scarcity of money is the only hope on which discredit abroad and our disaster at home. the fa.mine-begetting gold standard depends. To become wealthy the gov­ ernment of India is endeavoring to render itself and its tradin&" community Mr. TELLER. Mr~ President, I believe I shall close for the destitute." Such, then, is the position; we a.re once again belllg asked to present. I may: take occasion to deliver some further observations give our sovereigns for'these poor Indian sufferers. But let us watch what happens if we do. The sovereign goes to Calcutta, is there exchanged for 15 to-morrow or on some subsequent day. · rupees, and, together with 5,000,000more sovereigns,_.is thereupon locked up in Mr. ALDRICH. If it is not the desire of the Senator from Colo­ a ''war chest," never to appear again; they remain to look well on paper rado to proceed to-morrow, and if no other Senator then wishes to and to help to maintain a oogns confidence in this precious gold-standard ex­ periment. Five million sovereigns have in this way been grabbed and occupy the floor, I shall move that the Senate adjourn nntil Mon­ stowed away in Calcutta; no turn of the exchanges can bring them back to day; but if that Senator or any other Senator desires to go on to. the life of trade; for the want of these 5,000,000 soverelgns, which would morrow, I shall not make the motion. naturally be here irrigating the ducts and the drying water courses of our trades, our bank rate, which would be 4 per cent, is now 6 per cent, while Mr. MORGAN. I should perfer that the Senate would not ad.. every industry in the country is to be pinched of necessary accommodation. journ over to-morrow for several reasons. In an admirable leader, on December 18, on the "Scramble for gold," and Mr. ALDRICH. Then I withdraw the suggestion. on the reserves of gold in the Bank of England and in the chief banks of the Mr. TELLER. I think I shall not consider my speech con­ Continent, that excellent monomet.allic organ the Scot&na.n says: "The chances are that it (the period of stringency) will be much more pro­ cluded, but shall mere1y suspend for the time being. longed than bas been anticipated up till now. The natural cure for such a Mr. SPOONER. The Senator reserves his right to the floor? situation isl .of course, a lessening of the pressure at present borne by the ex­ Mr. TELLER. I reserve my right to go on at a later day. isting supp.Lies-in other words, a contraction of trade. This is an eventual­ ity which bas now to be prepared for as the only healthy solution of a AGREEMENT WITH BANNOCK AND SHOSHONE INDIANS. problem that bas been sprung upon us." Currency, in short, is not tne handmaid of commerce; bot·commerce is the Mr. SHOUP. Yest~:day I called up the bill (S. 255) to ratify handmaid of the currency. The incumbent must be lopped or must be an agreement made with the Indians of the Fort Hall Indian Res­ lengthened to fit the bed Procrustes has designed for him. The Scotsman next proceeds to point out that while in the Bank of France ervation in Idaho and making appropriation to carry the same the gold reserve is £2,2f>O,OOO larger than a year since, yet its discounts and into effect. The bill was in process of being read at the hour of 2 advances are £7,000,000 higher, while its note issues are £6,600,000 higher. o'clock, when it was laid aside for the purpose of taking up the The Imperial Bank of Germany holds £2,500,000 less gold •than it did a year sincei it has £8,000,000 more of 10ans and discounts and a larger note circula­ regular order. I now request that the bill be taken up and con­ tion oy £1,000,000. "The banks of Rnssia, Belgium, and Italy are in the cluded. same case with the Imperial Bank of Germany." Is it l)ossible, under these The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Idaho asks conditions of acnte pressure, that the government of India is to be per­ mitted to lock up a further 5,000,000, 10,000,000, 20,000,000, 50,000,000 sovereigns unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to the consideration in order to starve both her citizens and our industries? And do we recall of the· bill named by him. Is there objection? the situation of this prodigious currency experiment? The responsible of­ Mr. CiJLLOM. I should like to have an executive session; and ficials of the government of India, Sir James Westland at their bead, pro­ posed a currency scheme which left us all betwixt laughter and tears. I inquire of the Senator whether the bill will occupy any more Not a shred or tatter of this preposterous scheme was permitted to sur­ time than will be. required for its reading? . vive the inquiry; it was laughed out of court. But, lot a committee is ap­ Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator from Idaho wants to have the pointed by the secretary of state for India, which committee devises a brand­ new scheme of its own, and it is this precious scheme of half a dozen ex­ bill passed. sta.tesmen from India, with a London exporting merchant or two thrown in, Mr. SHOUP. I think there will be no discussion regarding the which to-day is 1_>ermitted to tamper with the currency of 000,000,000 people bill. I desire to have it passed. over there, and, mdeed, with the currency of 40,000,000 people here. It is not Mr. CULLOM. I think the Senator had better let the bill go an official, a responsible, scheme at all; it is the creation of a number of amia­ ble amateurs in contraction, who were selected by the secretary of state be­ over until to-morrow. lt is now almost 5 o'clock. cause of their alleged impartiality; in other words, because, never having Mr. SHOUP. I give notice, then, Mr. President, that after the learned anything about currency, they had the less to forget. completion of the morning business to-morrow I shall call up the Let me refer the Indian government, struggling to-day with famine, to an interesting analogy. At the session of the Agricultural Congress of the bill. Nine Governments of Central Russia, a.t Orel, in May of last year, M. Georges EXECUTIVE SESSION, Boutmy, of Odessa, said of Russia's variation from her silvet' standard: "During the five years which preceded the fa.mine of the year 1897-98 Rus­ Mr. CULLOM. I move that the Senate proceed to the consid­ sia exported 5m,000,000 poods more and obtained in exchange 84,000,000 roubles eration of executive business. less than during the five years which preceded the famine of the year 1891-92. If we had kept our legitimate silver standard, these 5m,000,000 poods The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the con­ of food and Si,000,000 roubles, lost to us through the gold standard, would sideration of executive business. After fifteen minutes spent in have been saved to ns and would have sufficed to have spared Russia the executive session the doors were reopened, and (at 5 o'clock and frightful famine which devastated actually 19 provinces, with a popula­ tion of 30,000,CKXJ, cruelly decimated by the typhus and by the scurvy, those 10 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Friday, satellites of famine. The famine of 1891 claimed 656,000 human victims. January 19, 1900, at 12 o'clock meridian. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 951

NOMINATIONS. ASSAYERS. .. Executive nominations received mJ the Senate_Janiiary 18, 1900. Charles H. Sherman, of California, to be assayer of the mint of the United States at San Francisco, Cal. FIRST LIEUTENANT IN REVENUE-CUTTER SERVICE. Roswell K. Colcord: of Nevada, to be assayer in charge of the Second Lieut. Preston H. Uberroth, of Pennsylvania, to be a mint of the United States at Carson, Nev. first lieutenant in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to succeed George E. McConuell, promoted. Mr. Uberroth is now INDIAN .A.GENT, serving under a temporary commission issued during the i·ecess J. Blair Shoenfelt, of Douglas, Wyo., to be agent for the Indians of the 8enate. of the Union Agency in the Indian Territory. SECOND LIEUTENANTS IN REVENUE-CUTTER SERVICE. POSTMASTERS. Third Lieut. Abert H. Buhner, of California, to be a second lieu­ Everett William Greene, to be postmaster at Patton, in the tenant in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to suc­ county of Cambria and State of Pennsylvania. ceed A. R. Hasson, resigned. Mr. Buhner is now serving under a Samuel G. Wilson. to be postmaster at Bridgeport, in the county temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. of Montgomery and State of Pennsylvania. Third Lieut. John Mel, of California, to be a second lieutenant George D. !ieonard, to be postmaster at Newberry, in the county in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to succeed of Lycoming and State of Pennsylvania. Preston H. Uberroth, promoted. Mr. Mel is now serving under a George C. Bell, to be postmaster at Portland, in the county of temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. Middlesex and State of Connecticut. Thomas H. Williams, to be postmaster at Mount Carmel, in the POSTMASTERS. county of Northumberland and State of Pennsylvania. William C. Campbell, to be postmaster at Los Gatos, in the Michael Weyand, to be postmaster at Beaver, in the county of county of Santa Clara and State of California, in the place of Beaver and State of Pennsylvania. Josephine J. Gaffney, whose commission eXJiires March 13, 1900. Charles Harris, to be postmaster at Westport, in the county of · Franklin W. Rollins, to be postmaster at Ellsworth, in the Fairfield and State of Connecticut. county of Hancock and State of Maine, in the place of H. H. Har­ George H. Ford, to be postmaster at Watexville, in the county den, whose commission expires February 11, 1900. of New Haven and State of Connecticut.

CIVILIA.N ME~BER OF BOA.RD OF ORDNANCE .A.ND FORTIFICATION. Sanford E. Chaffee, to be postmaster at Derby, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut. Thomas J. Henderson, of lliinois, as civilian member of the Rufus C. Reed, to be postmaster at Damariscotta, in the county Board of Ordnance and Fortification, vice Joseph H. Outhwaite, of Lincoln and State of Maine. resigned. George R. Foster, to be postmaster at Lisbon Falls, in the county APPOINTMENTS IN THE ARMY-INFANTRY .A.RM. of Androscoggin and State of Maine. Arthur A. Dinsmore, to be postmaster at Dover, in the county To be second lieutenants, to rank from January 1, 1900." of Piscataquis and State of Maine. Davis C. Anderson, of Ohio, now serving as second lieutenant, Henry E. :Merrick, to be poi::tmaster at Henniker, in the county Fortieth Infantry, Unite

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania asks unan­ MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE, imous consent that February 3, after 1 o'clock, be set apart for memorial exercises on the death of the late Mr. ERMENTROUT, of A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, an­ Pennsylvania. nounced that the Senate had passed bill and resolutions of the Mr. SIMS. What day of the week is it, Mr. Speaker? following titles; in which the concmTence of the House of Rep­ Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. Saturday. resentatives was requested: The SPEAKER. Without objection, that order will be made. S. 734. An act relating to Cuban vessels. There was no objection. Senate concurrent resolution 4: Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That the REFERE'ZiCE BOOKS FOR HOUSE LIBRARY. Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, directed to have a. survey made and to submit a report of the survey and an estimate for the improvement of Mr. RAY of New York. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent navigation of the Livingston Creek, in Columbus County, N. C., and Lock­ for the immediate consideration of the resolution I send to the wood Folly River, in Brunswick County, N. C. Speaker's desk, and I ask for order, because it concerns every Senate concurrent resolution 17: member of the House. I desire to say to gentlemen-- Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring)hThat there b~ printed 7,500 addition.al copies of Senate Document No.164, t ird session The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York will suspend Fifty-filth Congress, bemg the report of the Daughters of the American until his request for order is complied with. Gentlemen will Revolution, 1890-1897, of which 2,500 copies shall be for the use of the Senate resume their seats and cease conversation on the floor. and 6,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives. Mr. RAY of New York. In asking this unanimous consent-I SENATE BILL AND RESOLUTIONS REFERRED, desire to say that I will ask in connection with that resolution Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate bill and resolutions of unanimous consent that all the amendments except the first be the followingtitles were taken from the Speaker's table and re­ disagreed to and the resolution as originally introduced be ferred to their appropriate committees, as indicated below: adopted, for we find that the amendments are unnecessary, and Senate concurrent resolution No. 4: the Committee on Accounts can take care of that matter; but they Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concui-ring) , That there have no jurisdiction oft.he original resolution. be printed 7,500 additional copies of Senate Document No. 164, third session The SPEAKER. 'l'he gentleman from New York asks unani­ Fifty-filth Congress, being the report of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 1890-1897, of which 2,500 copies shall be for the use of the Senate mous consent for the present consideration of the resolution and 5,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives- which the Clerk will read. to the Committee on Printing. The Clerk read as follows: Senate concurrent resolution No. 17: Resolve.cl, That the superintendent of documents be requested to furnish R z d b the s 't (t.,, - = 0 f R t t · the House of Representatives, for the use of the House library, 50 copies of eso ve Y ena e ii.t: .uouse epresen a uies concurring), That the the Revised Statutes of the United States (second edition, 1878), and also 50 Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, directed to have a survey made and copies of the Supplement of the Revised Statutes of the United States (vol- to submit a report of the survey and an estimate for the improvement of ume 1, second edition, 1874: to 1691). navigation of the Livingston Creek, in Columbus County, N. C., and Lock- wood Folly River, in Brunswick County, N. C.- The a~endments recommended bythe committee wereasfollows: to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Line 5, after " fifty," insert" two." S. 734. An act relating to Cuban vessels-to the Committee on At the end of line 8 add the following: "two of which Supplements shall be Insular Affairs. for tbe use of the Committee on the Judiciary. "Also resolved, That the Clerk of the House of Representatives be, and he CHANGE OF REFERENCE, is hereby, f!-~thorized !JoDd direcJ:ed to fur~h, for the use of th~ Committee The SPEAKER. The Chair desires to state that in the change on the Judi

Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. Mr. HOPKINS. That is a House committee amendment. When The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois asks unanimous the law creating the present Census Bureau WaR passed it seemed consent, pending the motion to go into Committee of the Whole, t.o be the universal sentiment, not only among the Republicans of that general debate on this bill shall extend to not later than 4 the House and Senate, but amongst Democrats as well, that some o'clock to-day, after which five-minute debate shall be had on the provision should be made that the volumes relating to population, bill, with the iight to vote on the last amendment to the bill, and mortality, vital statistics, the products of agriculture, and manu­ that the vote be taken not later than 5 o'clock. facturing and mechanical establishments should be prepared, tab­ Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Speaker, the right to vote on the amend­ ulated, printed, and published by the 1st day of July, 1902, and so ment to strike out section 4? strong was that sentiment in the last Congress that that provision Mr. HOPKINS. Yes; that is right. was ingrafted into law, and the Director of the Census was au­ Mr. DALZELL. Mr. Speaker, it seems to me it is not wise to tholi.zed and directed to bend all of the energies of his Bureau to limit the five-minute debate to an hour, The whole controversy that end. Any work authorized by law, outside and independent is to be on this fourth section, and I have no doubt there are many of those volumes, was subordinated to that for the purpose of get­ members of this House who desll'e to be heard upon it. ting these statistics out in time to make them useful to the genera.I The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania objects. public. Mr. DALZELL. To the latter part of it. In the publication of the volumes relating to the Tenth Census Mr. RICHARDSON. I suggest, Mr. Speaker, that we ought to nine years expired from the time the census was taken before the let the five-minute debate run until 2 or 3 o'clock to-morrow. I Ia.st volumes were published and given to the general public. In shall object to staying here until 5 o'clock and then have t.o re­ the Eleventh Census the publication of these reports extended main to vote on one or two roll calls until 6 or 7 o'clock. over a period of more than eight years, and people not only in Mr. HOPKINS. Suppose we limit the general debate t.o 3 this country, but statisticians and scientific men abroad found o'clock. when these reports were published, at an expense of many millions Mr. RICHARDSON. How long will you allow the five-minute of dollars to the Government, that they were absolutely useless, debate to run? and the statisticians and scientific men in this country resorted Mr. HOPKINS. Until 4 o'clock. to other methods and means to acquire the information contained Mr. RICHARDSON. Suppose you have not read the bill in these delayed reports, in order to do the work that they were through by that time? engaged in in their several callings. Mr. HOPKINS. There is only one proposition in it that there Mr. HULL. Will the gentleman allow a question right there is any controversy about. on that one point, so that he can carry it along? The SPEAKER. The Chair would suggest that the general Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. debate be limited, and then let the Committee of the Whole con­ Mr. HULL. Mr. Chairman, was not the delay largely the re­ trol the five-minute debate. • sult of the compilations of the Census Office, and did they not Mr. RICHARDSON. I object t.o running the debate till 5 keep men compiling the work for some four years after they o'clock, and then to have possibly two roll calls and keep us here should have closed up that work? until 6 or 7 o'clock, when we have nothing to do to-morrow. Mr. HOPKINS. Well, I can answer that. There is no question Now, let us go on with it until 5 o'clock-I do not care under but what there was some delay in that, but I have a tabulated state­ what rule, whether it be general debate or five-minute debate­ here showing the time when many of these reports were sent to and then to-mo1Tow debateitforanhourorso, andvoteat2o'clock the Public Printer. For example, I find that after the proof or 3 o'clock. Let us vote in the middle of the day. Let us not stay plates were ready and returned to the Public Printer the fourth here until 6 o'clock this evening, when there is no necessity for it. volume of Vital S~atistics was retained by the Public Printer one The SPEAKER. The motion before the House is that the House year four months and sixteen days before it was published at all. resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state I find that the Report on Agriculture, after the proof plates were of the Union for the consideration of the bill which has been ready, was retained by the Public Printer for nine months and reported. one day; that volume 2 of Manufactures was retained one year Mr. HOPKINS. Before that motion is put, I ask unanimous one month and twenty-six days, and there were many other of consent thatgeneral debate on the bill be closed at 4 o'clock to-day. these reports that were detained by the Public Printer in the The SPEAKER. Pending that the gentleman from Illinois same manner. asks unanimous consent that general debate on the bill be closed Mr. SOUTHARD. Do you mean it required that time to print at 4 o'clock. Is there objection? them? There was no objection. Mr. HOPKINS. In making this statement I am making no And then, on motion of Mr. HOPKINS, the House resolved itself assault upon the Public Printer. The present occupant of that into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union office is a gentleman whom I have known for more than a quarter for the consideration of the bill (S. 2179) relating to the Twelfth of a century. He is a personal friend of mine, who is thoroughly and subsequent censuses, and giving to the Director thereof competent to discharge the duties of_that position, and I am not additional power ancl authority in certain cases, and for other pur­ saying that if the work could be done there, Mr. Palmer could poses, with Mr. UA.NNON in the chair. not do it as well as any body else. I am simply calling the atten­ The CHAffiMAN. The Clerk will report the bill. tion of members of this committee to the fact that in the Tenth The bill was read at length. Census the reports were delayed nine years and over, in the Elev­ Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Chairman, it is underst-Ood between the enth Census the reports were delayed for some cause or another gentleman from lliinois and myself that he is to control half the eight years and over, and that the Fifty-fifth Congress, when it time of general debate and that the other half be controlled by made preparation for taking the Twelfth Census, provided that myself. That is the understanding, is it not? these five great divisions, which are of paramount importance to Mr. HOPKINS. If that is agreeable to the committee. the general public, should be published, printed, and delivered to Mr. RUSSELL. l·make that request, Mr. Chairman. the general public by the 1st day of July, 1902. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Connecticut suggests Now, I want to say to the gentlemen of this committee that if that the gentleman from Illinois JMr. HOPKINsl control one half it can be shown that the present Public Printer, with the force that of the time for general debate an that the gentleman from Con­ he has or the force that he can acquire, can meet the demands of necticut [Mr. RUSS ELL] control the other half. ls there objection? the F1fty-fifth Congress, and can take the many tons of tabulated There was no objection. statistics that will be presented to him and publish them within Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, I crave the attention of the the time prescribed by this law, there is no member of this House members of this committee on both sides of the Chamber during who will be more anxious than I to have this work done at the the brief period that I shall occupy your time for the purpose of Government Printing Office. att~mpting to make some explanation of a portion of this bill, upon Mr. LIVINGS'J.10N. Will the gentleman allow me? which there seems to be a sharp controversy among the members. Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. The bill, excepting the fourth section, meets with the unanimous Mr. LIVINGSTON. I wish to bring to your notice section 28 approval of the Census Committee of the House, and I take it that of the Statutes at Largei 601, which reads as follows: there will be no division of sentiment in this Chamber as to the The Joint Committee on Printing shall have power to adopt such measures propriety of enacting that speedily into law. There is a division as may be deemed nec,essary to remedy any defect or any delay. of sentiment as to whether section 4 shall be ingrafted onto this Again, here is another section which I want to bring to your at­ bill and made a part of the law covering the taking of the Twelfth tention: Census. That section reads as follows: All printing offices in the departments, now in operation or hereafter -put Tb'at the Director of the Census, whenever he shall find that there is a. probability of delay in the printing or publishing of the census reports be­ giffig:~;t~o~h~fl ~wti~~!~ t~ ~~~~~r~fdttf~b'lfc ~~;~rnment Printing yond the :period required by the said act of March 3, 1899, be, and he hereby Now, there are two statutes which seem to cover that point. IS, authorized and directed to contract with any individual, copartnership, or corporation for the printing and binding, or either, of any of said reports, Mr. DALZELL. I should liketo ask the gentleman a question. in the manner prescribed by law for the letting of public contracts. Mr. HOPKINS. Let me answer the gentleman from. Georgia Mr. RAY of" New York. That, I understand, is a proposed first. I can say that the law to which I have just called attention, House amendment. limiting the publication of these five great divisions of the Twelfth 954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~-HOUSEo J.ANUARY 18,

Census to the 1st day of July, 1902, is a provision that was never latlon, A15Ticulture, Manufactures, Vital Statistics, and Compendium) did not incorporated in any previous census law since the foundation of reach this office until yesterday morning. . ' In reply, I have to say that, on the ha.Sis of your-estimate of the number of the Government. ':olumes, pages, and number of copies of each report to be issued, it is be­ The Director of the Census is not desirous of taking this print· heved that the work can be done by this- office in three hundred working ing away from the Public Printer; but if the Congress and the days. In order ~o accomp:µsh this, powever, it will be necessary for the Cen­ sus Office .to begin to fnrmsh copy m large quantit ies at the commencement country demand that he shall have these reports printed and of t~e period. of three hundred working days; to furnish iii from day to day ready to dish:ibute to the general public by ~he .1st day of July, durmg a period of one h_undred and fifty days in an amount sufficient to keep 1902, then this Congress must take some action m order to facili­ a large force of compos1~rs employed without interruption on account of laek of copy, and to furm_sh all the copy for the reports within one hundred tate the publication of these reports. Or if Congress shall do and fl.f~y days from the time the work IS commenced. away with this limitation and say that they care not whether It will also be necessarY: for your ?ffi.ce to promptly return, and from day these reports are published at that time or at a later date, then t? day. the proof~ for ~ati_ng an?- prmtmg, that the bindery may have a suffi­ cient length of tim~ Wl~hin wh1ch to do the bindin~. The copy should be that emergency is met and the Director of the Census will go on p:r:epared a~d supplied m such a manner that no rad1cal changes therefrom with his work as pi·escribed by law. Under existing law as I will be reqmred m the proofs. will demonstrate, if gentlemen will permit me to proceed for a Work could, of course, proceed on several reports at one time but in order that presswo:k and binding may be commenced before ah of the few minutes-- reports are m type, it would be much bette:r to place this office in possession Mr. DALZELL. Will yon allow me to ask you a question? of the copy of complete reports at a time. Mr. HOPKINS. I will yield to the gentleman. If it is proposed to insert illustrations in any of these renorts the material for i;heD? sh?uld ~ supplied, if possible, in advance of aU th~ copy for the Mr. DA~LL. You said~ fe~ moments ago that you were publication m which they are to appel\l'. perfectly wilhngthat the Public Prmter should conduct this work Respectfully, if it could be done within a proper time. Now, I want to know F. W. PALMER, Public.Printer. whether or not the Public Printer was called before your com­ Hon. W.R. MERRI.AM, mittee and consulted with reference to this matter? Director of the Census, W ashington, D. C. Mr. HOPKINS. Why, Mr. Chairman, the Public Printer was Mr. HOPKINS. The members of the committee will notice not called before the committee, but I have a letter here from the that Mr. Palmer says that it will take about three hundred work­ Public Printer, in answer to a letter of the Director of the Census ing days, which covers a period of one year, and we know that in regard to these publications, and during my time I will sand under the most favorable conditions set out in that law it will both letters to the Clerk and have them read from the desk. The be absolutely impossible for the Director of the Census to com­ etter from the Director of the Census estimates the amount of ply with all of the requirements set forth in Mr. Palmer's let­ work that will be sent to the Public Printer, the number of vol­ ter, or for the Public Printer himself to meet all the require· umes within the limitations of the publications of the Tenth and ments set forth in his letter and that of the Director of the Cen­ Eleventh censuses, and then asks him, as you will see from the sus, because it is perfectly plain that after they have finished letter, how long it will take him to do the work that will be thus their final revision it may be necessary for them to make reneatecl sent hjm by the Director of the Census. co.rrections a~d changes even .. So that anybody who is familiar Mr. DALZELL. Was that letter written before or after this with the subJect knows that mstead of being one year as the bill was agreed upon? · Publ~c Printer :iays, it~~ t~e him ~ne and a half yea~s from Mr. HOPKINS. It makes no difference. the time that this material is given to hun by the Director of the Mr. DALZELL. I understand my friend to sav it ma.kes no Census before the public will receive the reports. difference. I suppose that means it was written after. Now, the Director of the Census tells me that it would be im­ Mr. HOPKINS. I trust my friend from Pennsylvania will not possible, if this bill is incorporated into law, giving him the extra go into factions opposition. . force that he here asks and giving him all the facilities that he Mr. DALZELL. Not at all. But I am seeking information. has now under the present law, to send this material to the Pnb­ Mr. HOPKINS. The gentleman does not show the spirit I lic Printer or to any printer before the 1st day of Jannary, 1902. would like to see prevail in this debate. . No~.' ~ark that> gentlem~n-that it is uttel'ly impossible, with the The Clerk read as follows: facilities that he has or with any that can be given him to get this material to the Public Printer or to any printer at au' before th0 DEP.ARTMENT OF THE L.~RIOR, CENSUS OFFICE, Washington, D. C., January lS, lfJOO. 1st day of January, 1902. That leaves only one hundred and fifty DEAR Sm: Referring to our conversation of the L.?th instant relative to working days to get out these volumes relating to these five great the time required by you to print and bind the several cens~ i;eports I snbdivisions and meet the requirements of the law. So that on herewith submit an estimate of the number of volumes, number of pages the showing of the Public Printer, there must be an extensio~ in and size of the edition which will probably be issued. ' the time limit in the present law or else this amendment that I Number propose must be adopted. of Pages. Edition. Now, gentlemen, that brings me to the question of whether we volumes. should have this all done by the Public Printer or delay the issue t;o .the public of ~tatistics that ~re ~o imp reports of the Twelfth Census mentioned by you (Popu· labor umons m New York, Ph1ladelph1a, and Chicago. They hava 1900.) CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 955 been stirred np by the nnion in the city of Washington to the office in America that can do this work. There is not a "rat" belief that this is taking away the labor from the union. I want office in this country that can do any part of it, And putting to dispel that illusion and do away with that impression. I want the amendment in as suggested by the gentleman from Ohio is, t-0 say, as I have said, if this amendment is adopted, whatever in my judgment, a limit.ation that is not in conflict with existing work may necessarily go outside will be done by the same class of law. It is simply a limitation without affecting the law that is labor that it is being done by in the Printing Office in the city of already upon the statut-e books. Washington, and that, it seems to me, takes a.way all the argu­ Mr. LANDIS. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a ment that has been nrged by the committee of labor who waited question? on me in Washington and all the arguments that can be inferred Mr. HOPKINS. I will yield to the gentleman from Indiana. from the telegrams that have been showered on the members on Mr. LANDIS. I notice you have a letter from the Public both sides of the House. Printer. Mr. FARIS. Will the gentleman allow me an interruption? Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. ~Ir. HOPKINS. Yes. Mr. LANDIS. Was the Public Printer summoned before your Mr. FARIS. In order to dispel the illusion and get rid of the committee? impression, why not, as chairman of the committee, inform the Mr. HOPKINS. I have answered that question two or three House that you will offer the amendment which will dispel and times. destroy it? Mr. LANDIS. I did not hear the gentleman's answer. I was Mr. HOPKINS. If that is the will of the House, I will do so not present at the time. when we reach it, or I will allow the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Mr. HOPKINS. The Public Printer was not before the com­ SHATTUC], who first called my attention to it and who has evi­ mittee, but the Public Printer has the estimates of the Director dently prepared an amendment of that kind, to offer it, and if it of the Censns, as shown in the letter read at the Clerk's desk, and is offered by him I will accept it. has taken a day or two 1io figure out the matter, and has shown Mr. FARIS. I make the suggestion at this time in order that that it will take him three hundred working days to do the work. we may all understand that it will be offered and accepted; Mr. LANDIS. What do you mean by a working day-eight Mr. HOPKINS. I will say that if the member from Ohio who hours? interrupted me [Mr. SHATTUC] and indicated that he had an Mr. HOPKINS. Why, I mean just what the Public Printer amendment of that kind will offer it I will accept it. The only means by that. observation I make is that inasmuch as we have put the obligation Mr. LANDIS. Well, he means by that a day of eight hon:rs. upon the Director of the Census to have these publications at a Mr. HOPKINS. I don't know whether he means that or wnether certain time, we should clothe him with full authority to do the he does not. work. The adoption of the committee amendment is no assault Mr. LANDIS. The Public Printer tells me that he can easily on the Public Printer. We all know the amount of work he has put on three shifts of workmen. to do, and we all know that he is compelled at times to lay aside Mr. DALZELL. And do the work in one hundred days. some of the work which is sent there to be done in order to meet Mr. HULL. That will take him only one hundred days. the demands of Congress on emergency printing. Mr. LANDIS. Yes. In other words, the Public Printer tells Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Will the gentleman allow me a me and other members of Congress that if he is given an oppor­ question right there? tunity to explain to the committee he can demonstrate conclusively Mr. HOPKINS. Yes; I will yield to the gentleman. that he can do this work. - Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. If the gentleman will permit Mr. HOPKINS. The Public Printer does not have to demon­ me to preface my question, I will say that I all].)~ favor of the strate to anybody but the Director of the Census. If this amend­ bill, and I have no hostility to labor organizations. I have heard ment is adopted, and the Public Printer can show to the Director him intimate that he would accept an amendment providing that of the Census that he can do this work in one hundred days or the work done under the bill should be done by union labor. I within the time limited by law, then he gets the contra.ct under desire to ask the gentleman what right has Congress, if it in­ this proposed amendment. tends to let this work outside _to the lowest bidder by competition, Now, there is no hostility on the part of the Director of the Cen· to limit it to a certain price? Have we the legal right to do it? sns to the Public Printer; none at all; but the gentleman can Mr. HOPKINS. I will say this, that the argument is made appreciate his desire, when he is required to get out the work, that all public printing should be done by the Public Printer. I that he shall be put in a position where he can demand that the have a letter from the Postmaster-General in which it is shown work shall be done. If the Public Printer can do this work, as in di· that the Postal Guide and a large am01:.nt of work in that Depart­ cated bymyfriend from Indiana [Mr. LANDIS], then I can assure ment is done outside, and done as efficiently and a.s well done as my friend that the work will be done at the Goverment Printing at the Public Printing Office. And the Appropriations Committee, Office, because there is no more faithful friend of the Public Prin­ so ably presided over by my colleague who is now in the chair, ter than the Director of the Census himself. has appropriated as much as $125,000 at one time for work of that Mr. LIVINGSTON. I want to ask the gentleman if he will not kind to be done outside the Government Printing Office; and it is accept a substitute for section 4 which will bridge over thls con­ only done because the Public Printing Office is limited in its troversy and answer the purpose that he is seeking to establish? capacity and can not do the work. Mr. HOPKINS. Well, I will look at the amendment. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. How about the legal question? Mr. LIVINGSTON. Let me read it. Mr. HOPKINS. I think they have that right. We may differ Mr. HOPKINS. How much time have I occupied, Mr. Chair- about that. man? Mr. SIMS. Will the gentleman from Illinois a.llow me just one The CHAIRMAN. Thirty minutes. question? Mr. HOPKINS. I reserve the balance of my time. Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. Mr. LIVINGSTON. Let me read the proposed substitute: Mr. SIMS. The gentleman says he will accept an amendment The Public Printer, on the request of the Director of the Census, shall providing by law that the public printing done outside shall be establish in the office of the Twelfth Census a branch printing o.ffi.ce, which done by union men. I want to know if that is not rank class shall be under the direction and control of the Public Printer. legislation? Mr. HOPKINS. If you will make it "sufficiently large to meet .Mr. HOPKINS. Each member must settle that for himself. I the demands of the Census Office,,_ make this statement only to ·show that there is no hostility to the M.r. LIVINGSTON. You will accept it? ranks of labor, as is contended by those opposed to this amend­ Mr. HOPKINS. I personally will favor it. I will consult with ment. There would be no opposition, or a.t least but little st.rength the balance of the committee; and if"they are satisfied, I shall be to it, were it not for this issue that is made; and knowing as I do satisfied. . that the labor at the Government Printing Office is union labor, Mr. SNODGRASS. Is there any provision for the taking of I deem it but fair to those who favor the amendment, as I do, and the census of deaf-mutes outside of asylums? fair to the Director of the Census, to say that this amendment is Mr. HOPKINS. Yes; we have covered that. not hostile to that labor, and the work that is to be done outside, Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Chairman, there will be no controversy jf this amendment is adopted, will be done by the same kind of between my colleague [Mr. HOPKINS] and myself, and no differ­ labor found in the Government Prfoting Office. Now, Mr. Chair- ence of opinion, I take it, in this House as to the desirability of man, I reserve the balance of my time. · the prompt issuing of the census reports. The Committee on the Mr. BABCOCK. I should like to ask the gentleman a question. Census in the last Congress racognized the fact that it was desir­ If the amendment which the· gentleman has proposed is adopted, able to have the results of the census in the bands of the public as and all this work shall be done by union labor, does not that an­ early as possible, and much sooner than the results were given to tagonize the present law and practice, to wit, that the work shall the public in the last census and the census preceding. . be let to the lowest bidder? When these bids are advertised and So, then, the Committee on the Census in the last Congress, a "rat" office comes in and offers to do the work for 75 per cent recognizing this desirability of prompt issuing of ~nsus reports, of the price of a union office, what is the Director going to do in put in the census bill this provision: that case? The only volumes that shall be prel>3!red or published in connection with Mr. HOPKINS. Why, Mr. Chairman, there is not a "rat" the Twelfth Census, except the speCJ.al reports herein provided for, shall 956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUAR~ 18, . relate to population, mortality. and vital statistics. the products of agricul­ ture and of manufaduring and mechanical establishments as above men­ Government, superior even to the Public Printer or the Director tioned, and shall be designated as and constitute the census reports, which of the Census, for further examination and further correction. It said reports shall be published not later than the 1st day of July, 1902. is a fa.ct, also, that there was in the case of one·ortwo of these vol­ That is a provision 9f law which is mandatory upon the Director umes a large volume of type which was held up from distribution of the Census, and, as I construe it, mandatory upon the Public awaiting final proofs, so that it could not be used for other pur­ Printer, and, as I construe it, mandatory upon the Congress of poses. My colleague on the committee, the gentleman from Min· the United States, in furnishing to the Census Director and to the nesota [Mr. HEATWOLE], will touch further on this matter. Public Printer a proper and sufficient appropriation to carry o:ut Mind you, then, as now, the Government Printer was restricted that mandate. I think it is a provision which is mandatory upon in the facilities of his office in doing the public work by the appro­ everybody who has direct or indirect connection with the enumer­ priations the Congress of the United States gives him for that ation and the publication of the census reports. work. Further than that, Mr. Chairman, the committee in the last Mr. BROMWELL. May I aik the gentleman a question right Congress put this provision in the bill, and to that I call the spe­ there? cial attention of the members of this committee. It is section 25: Mr. RUSSELL. Certainly. - That the Director of the Census is hereby authorized to print and bind in Mr. BROMWELL. What are the comparative facilities of the the Census Office such blanks, circulars, envelopesJ and other items as may be necessary, and to print, publish, and di<>tribute rrom time to time bulle­ Public Printing Office as to equipment and number of employees tins and reports of the preliminary and other results of the various investi­ and their power to do this work as compared with the power to gations required by this act. do this work in 1890? Under the provisions of that section the Director of the Census Mr. RUSSELL. The facilities of the Government Printing Of­ is authorized to establish in the Census Office a printing office, fice are increasing very rapidly from year to ·year. I can not the limitations of which are only described by the limitations of answer that question in detail, but I should say the present facil­ the appropriation which the Congress of the United States makes ities of the Government Printing Office over ten years ago were for that purpose. The design of that section was intended to much greater-nearly one-third greater. facilitate the early publication of all the results of the census Mr. FITZGERALD of New York. I would like to ask the gen­ taken this year. No.w, you will bear in mind that the reports of tleman, Did the committee make an effort to ascertain the com­ the census, which are mandatory in their publication by July 1, parative ability of the office at this time and the last time to do 1902, cover four topics, the topics of population, of vital statistics, this work? of manufactures, and of agriculture. Those are to be the princi­ Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Chairman, it was suggested to the Census pal reports of the census this year, as they were in the Tenth and Committee and it was requested of the Census Committee that Eleventh censuses. the Public Printer be called before that committee to make a The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. HOPKINS] has read from a statement of his facilities for doing the work and his equipment, statistical table showing the time taken in the publication of those and also as to the time in which he would be occupied in doing reports in the Eleventh Census. This table was furnished by the the work; but that suggestion, unfortunately, did not meet with Director of the Census and given to the committee. It comprises the favor of the majority of the committee, and so-- a report of the time when the final proof was received at the Mr. FITZGERALD.of New York. Is it not a fact that the Printing Office and of the time when the whole edition of the committee claimed that if the Public Printer was brought before work was ready for distribution, as to each one of the volumes them he would demonstrate conclusively that he could do the relating to agriculture, population, manufactures, and vital work? statistics. Mr. HOPKINS. That statement is not correct. The gentleman gave you the time which elapsed between the Mr. RUSSELL. The members of the committee opposed to receipt at the Public Printing Office of the final proof and the dis­ this amendment did not fail to try to have the Public Printer ap­ tribution of the edition in three cases. All together there were ten pear before the Census Committee. volumes, and the average time which elapsed between the' receipt Mr. GAINES. Did you go down to the bottom of that inquiry­ at the Government Printing Office from the Census Office of the did the Public Printer refuse to testify or afford you the infor- final proof for those volumes and the handing over by the Public mation, or was he asked? - Printer to the Secretary of the Interior of the completed edition Mr. RUSSELL. The Public Printer did not refuse; he was not for distribution to the public was less than six months. The edi· invited to come before the committee. We suggested in com­ tion of one volume was ready for distribution in two months and mittee- six days, one in two months and eighteen days, one in one month Mr. GAINES. Was that question asked the Public Printer? and three days, one in three months and twenty-nine days, and Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Chairman, to questions by individual the third volume of the Report on Vital Statistics in one month members of the committee and by members of this House inter­ and fifteen days. I have the statement, as follows: ested in this subject, asking the Public Printer whether he could The following statement shows the time required by the Government do this work, hereplied that he could do the work in anytime that Printing Office to print certain of the Eleventh Census reports after the the law designates or mandates him to do it in, provided the Con­ finally revised plate proof was returned "ready for the press:" gress of the United States gives him an appropriation with which Final proof Edition to do the work. returned. delivered. Time taken to print. Mr. GAINES. Why is it that other parts of the census pre- pared under the present law are so far behind, if they are be­ Agriculture------·------May 23,1895 Feb. 24, 1896 9 months 1 day. hind? If for the lack of means, they should be furnished. Manufactures 1 -----· ·------Oct. 29,1895 May 5,1896 6 months 7 days. Mr. RUSSELL. In a moment I will answer that question. Manufactures 2 ------Mar. 28, 1895 May 23,1896 13 months 26 days. Manufactures3 ------· Apr. 3,1895 June 9,1895 2 months 6 days. The records of the last census show that the Government Printer, Population L·-·--·-----·---- Apr. 13,1895 July 1,1895 2months 18 days. under a mandate of law, would have been prepared to issue any Population 2------July 31,1897 Sept. 2, 1897 1month2 days. edition then, and the record of that office is a very creditable one. Vital Statistics 1 ·------Sept.29,1897 Jan. 27,1898 3 months 29 days. Vital Statistics 2 -·----·----- Jan. 8, 1897 Jan. 8,1897 Further, the chairman of the committee has had read at the desk Vital Statistics3 ------Dec. 7,1894 Jan. 22, 1895 1month15 days. a letter addressed by the Director of the Census to the Public Vital Statistics 4 ------July 26, 1895 Dec. 12, 1896 16 months 16 days. Printer, with the reply of the Public Printer to it, relating to the facilities for doing that work within a specified time. The statoment of the date upon which the last proof was returned "0. K. That letter did not appear before the Committee on the Census, and ready for press" is from the records of the Government Printing Office, and the only answer we can make to it is by the inquiries made and that showrng date of delivery of the printed edition was furnished by the document clerk of the Interior Department, to whom all reports were by individual members of the Honse of the Public Printer. From delivered for distribution. letters of the Public Printer, which will be read later, he states, Now, there is a reason why in the three cases there was so long as I have said before, that he stands ready, with the facilities of a time elapsing between the receipt of the final proof from the the greatest printing establishment in the world, to do any ld.nd of Census Office and the delivery by the Government Printing Office work in any specified time, provided only the Congress of the of the full edition. It was hoped, H was suggested, that the Gov- United States gives him the money to do that work with. ernment Printer might come before the Committee on Census and Mr. GAINES. The gentleman has not answered my question. give officially the reason why this long time elapsed in the delivery I asked it very seriously and for my own enlightenment and of the edition of three volumes; but, unfortunately, it was not that o·f others around me. the sense of the committee that the Government Printer should Mr. RUS8ELL. I will answer that later. appear before us. So we have only to take the statement as we Mr. GAINES. My question is why that work under the former get it, unofficially from the Printing Office, in reference to the time law has not been completed. that ensued between the receipt of the final proof in the Govern- Mr. RUSSELL. I can not yield now. ment Printing Office and the delivery of the edition. Mr. GAINES. The gentleman said he would answer my ques- I think I ought in justice to this committee to state that there tion. were peculiar reasons why some of the reports of the last census The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield. were delayed so long after the type was set up and after the final Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Chairman, the Public Printer is entirely proof had gone to the Printing Office from the Census Office. ItJ dependent upon the appropriation you make here for him to do is at least a fact that one volume was held up by an officer of the the work. The letter which be gave in answer to the inqmry of 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 957 the Director of the Census was based in his estimate upon the does the gentleman think this Congress should provide those force actually employed to-day in the Printing Office, working facilities? eight hours a day, and without any calculation or estimate what­ Mr. RUSSELL. Certainly. ever as to the increa-&e of that force or as to the working of two Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. If the gentleman the chair­ or three shifts for a force. man of the committee is prepared to offer an amendment to ac­ So I stand here, not representing the Government Printer any complish that purpose as a substitute for this section, will the more than I am the Director of the Census, to declare to this House gentleman accept it? that if the House does its duty in making an. appropriation the Mr. RUSSELL. Let me go on with my remarks and consider Government Printer will execute the work which the Director of that later. The schedule on mortality statistics was presented to the Census gives him to execute within any specified time which the Printing Office October 14, and the proof was sent back to the the law requires him to do it. Census Office October 19, five days afterwards. The final proof l\Ir. SLAYDEN. Will the gentleman permit me a statement was sent to the Printing Office November 2-1, in one month and right there? five days. And the whole edition was printed December 15, six­ Mr. RUSSELL. Yes. teen days after it was put to prese. Mr. SLAYDEN. I was in the office of the Public Printer two So I have statistics in reference to the printing of other circu­ days ago and was told that they had expensive plates and ma­ lars and schedules which have already gone to the Public Printer chinery bought for the other census, which are not by any means from the Director of the Census, all indicating a pleasant disposi­ obsolete, and with which the work could be done with great tion on-the part of the Public Printer to meet, just so far as we economy, and I do not believe the Honse, under the circumstances, give him the means of meeting, all the requirements put upon will hesitate to give this work to him. him by the law and by the Director of the Census. Mr. HOPKIN::). Will my colleague allow me? In response to Mr. GAINES. Will the gentleman indulge me just one more the suggestion made by the gentleman from Georgia, an amend­ inquiry? ment bas been prepared by my colleague from South Carolina Mr. RUSSELL. Just a moment. which I desire to read-- Mr. GAINES. Just a question. I asked you why it was the Mr. RUSSELL. I submit that my colleague ought not to in­ Eleventh Census had not been completed. You have directly, I terrupt me. There will betime enough toconsider that later. In infer, answered me by saying the reason was that the machinery reply to the gentleman from Tennessee, in the first place, as I and force of the Public Printer were used in printing for the said at the beginning, the general census law which we passed in Twelfth Census. the last Congress contemplated a public printing office to be Mr. RUSSELL. Why, as far as I know, Mr. Chairman, the established in the Census Office for the purpose of printing the Eleventh Census has been completed. schedules and preliminary work of the cei:isus. That printing Mr. GAINES. I do not so understand. I was informed to the office has not been fully established, but a printer has been ap­ contrary, and I want to know why. pointed and some of the machinery has been purchased, and the Mr. RUSSELL. I referred to a statistical table which the Di­ office is getting under way, and it is calculated to enlarge it as the rector of the Census presented to us, showing in the Eleventh Director of the Census may recommend, under the appropriations Census what time had elapsed in the publication of the four sub­ of Congress later. ject volumes which are dealt with in this bill, the time between But the schedules which have been prepared and sent out to the the receipt of the final proof and the delivery of the general edi­ supervisors of t.he census for preliminary work have been turned tion. I do not care to go over that again, and I can not yield into the Government Printing Office. I have here the records, further now, Mr. Chairman. showing not only the capacity of the Government Printing Office Now, I am opposed to this amendment which is put upon the to execute these orders, but the facility and. promptness in execut­ Senate bill for two principal reasons. First of all, it overthrows, ing the orders in a short space of time. or attempts to overthrow, an established policy of this Govern­ The copy for the general agricultural schedules, which is to be ment in reference to public printing. For the first time we, by used all over the country in the collection of statistics, was law, are asked to give to an officer of the Government authority received at the Government Printing Office November 2, 1899. to go outside of our Government Printing Office and contract, Seven million five hundred thousand copies of that schedule were without any limitation whatever, except as the general law may required to be printed. The proof was sent to the Census Office put those limitations upon him, for work in any other office that November 7, five days after it was received at the office. The proof he sees fit, anywhere. _ was returned to the Printing Office December 8, one month and one Now, if this amendment carries, it may be made a precedent day having elapsed while the proof was kept at the Census Office. which may be called upon by any Department, by any bureau of The matter was pnt on the press December 12 at the Printing any Department, by any officer of the Government, to take print­ Office, four days after the final proof was received, and nearly the ing away from the Government Printing Office. Whatever may whole number of copies, 7,500,000, of the schedules were delivered have been its intention, I consider it a very dangerous step to January 15, 1900. The copy for the population schedule, the take. We have a Government Printing Office, admittedly the schedule which is to be used all over this country in the enumer­ largest and best-equipped office in the world, an office purposely ation of the people, was received at the Government Printing equipped to be ready at any time to fulfill any mandate wh1ch the Office October 9, 1899. This first order required the printing of law of Congress may put upon it. We have a Government Print­ 1,500,000 copies. ing Office which necessarily must be more fully equipped than any Mr. BROMWELL. How many pages in that schedule? single private office anywhere in this country. Mr. RUSSELL. A number of pages; that is my memory. The So I am opposed on general principles to doing anything which proof was sent to the Census Office October 11, three days after shall say, either directly or by inference or by a precedent, that being received. The final proof was returned to the Printing we are inclined to take away the Government printing from our Office November 24, one month and thirteen days having elapsed own office. Further than that, Mr. Chairman, if, as I deny now, while the proof was held in the Census Office for correction. there be an emergency in the case of the printing of the census The proof was put on the press November 29, five days after the reports-and it can only come through the failure of Congress to final proof was received at the Printing Office, and the whole make sufficient appropriation to do the work-if the emergency edition was completed December 29, the very day it was received. comes through that failure, now is not the time when we should Mr. RAY of New York. I would like toaskthe gentleman from enter upon any such legislation as this proposed amendment for Connecticut if there is any explanation that he knows of for that contract work. delay at the Census Bureau in reading these proofs? Mr. RAY of New York. May I interrupt the gentleman right Mr. RUSSELL. I must say to the gentleman from New York there? that I do not consider that an extraordinary delay. I think the Mr. RUSSEL.L. Certainly. members of this committee should bear in mind that the time Mr. RAY of New York. Would the gentleman from Connecti­ necessarily consumed in the revision of proof between the original cut have anyobjection to substitutinganamendmentherefor sec­ proof and the sendfog back of the final proof must be consider­ tion 4, which is an amendment, to provide that the Public Printer, able. It has to be very carefully gone over, additions have to be at the request of the Director of the Census, should furnish addi­ made, and that is one reason why I am utterly opposed to doing tiqnal facilities, so as to do this work within the time required by the work outside the Government Printing Office, so admirably law? equipped for that work. [Applause.] I think that the gentle­ Mr. RUSSELL. I see no objection to any such direction or man from New York and others will understand that I am not mandate, if you please, as that; but I will say to my friend from reading these in any way as a criticism on the Census Office. I New York [Mr. RAY] that Congress has got to give the Public think they were expeditious in the time they consumed. Printer the means to do this work, and that comes right back to .Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. Willthegentlemanallowme why I object to this amendment at this particular time. According a question? to the statement of the chairman of the committee, which I think Mr. RUSSELL. Yes. was the statement made by the Director of the Census before our Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. If it should be developed that committee, the Director of the Census . will not have this work additional facilities should be provided for printing the reports, ready for any printer before January, 1902. We are to have an- 958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. . JANUARY 18, other Congress before then. We are certain to have another Cen· objection to a provision in this bill which would enable the Di­ sus Committee. Who will be the Public Printer we do not know. rector of the Census to call upon the Public Printer, if the Public What the Director of the Census will have to furnish to the Public Printer is to do the work, and insist upon his providing additional Printer we do not know. facilities for doing this work? Is there any objection to such a Mr. DALZELL. I should like to ask the gentleman a question provision? for information. Mr. RUSSELL. Not if Congress gives him the means to do it. Mr. RUSSELL. Certainly. Mr. RAY of New York. Very well, we have nothing to do Mr. DALZELL. Suppose this section 4 were stricken out of with that, and the Committee on the Census has nothing to do the bill, would not the Public Printer, under the law, be com· with that, and the whole of the work will go for naught unless palled to do this printing? the Committee on Appropriations gives the money. Now, if such Mr. RUSSELL. If the gentleman from Pennsylvania will re. a provision is to come here, and there is no objection to it, it call, I stated at the very beginning that I believed the provision seems to me it would do away with the who1e difficulty, provided in the census law which we pa.ssed in the last Congress was the Committee on Appropriations sees fit to appropriate the equally mandatory upon the Public Printer and upon the Director money. of the Census. And, further, I stated that I believed as long as Mr. RUSSELL. Very likely; but I believe that provision is in that law stood upon the statute book it was mandatory upon the the original law we passed. Congress of the United States to give to both officials the money Mr. RAY of New York. Mine wou1d not be substituted for it. necessary to carry out its provisions. Mr. RUSSELL. I do not think there is any need of an amend- But to go on, the Director of the Census can not tell to.day the ment or substitute at this time. amount of printing, the amount of work, if you please, that he Mr. BABCOCK. Will the gentleman yield to me for a question? will call upon the Public Printer or any other printer to do in Mr. RUSSELL. Certainly. January, 1902. I take it that depends largely upon the extent to Mr. BABCOCK. I agree with the gentleman heartily. I do which he will tabulate the statistics gathered, and that it will de· not think there is any need of an amendment nor any committee pend upon the length of the reports, the deductions, so to speak, amendment or substitute; but here is something that has been which he will make. Now, the time when we should make this suggested which is practicallyadirection to the PublicPrinter to amendment, if we make it at all, is some time in the next Con· prepare himself to do that work promptly, to comply with a gress. mandatory law. I will read it to the gentleman, and ask him if And further, answering my friend from New York, I am inclined he approves it. to think, with full deference to the Committee on the Census, Mr. RUSSELL. I presume, without your reading it, I would with the chairman of which I am very sorry to disagree on this approve it; but will the gentleman consider that that properly matter, and standing, as I ought to and as I do, for all its prerog· and in its proper place goes with the means that Congress must atives, I think that such amendment should properly accompany give the Public Printer to increase his facilities. That is all. I appropriations which are subsequently to be made for the work in do not want anything to go into this bill which will delay the pre. the Census Office and for the work in the Government Printing liminary work of the census, which shall in the slightest degree Office, and may come, perhaps, from another committee of this seem to arouse a feeling of lack of harmony between the Govern­ House than from the Census Committee. ment Printer and the Director of the Census. I do not know In other words, to sum this point up, outside of my objection that there is any to·day. to the general taking away of public printing from the Govern· I am sure that this amendment was not suggested by the Gov· ment Printing Office, I can not see either the necessity or the rea­ ernment Printer, for the Government Printer has had no oppor· son or the good judgment of anybody in passing such an amend· tunity to pass officially upon it; and I assume that the Director ment as is proposed at this time. I am inclined to think that it is of the Census proposed it and asked the committee of this House harmful. I am inclined to think that it is not good policy for the to adopt it because he thought it was necessary. But in that I Director of the Census, so far as his personal convenience and his think he was wi·ong for the two principal reasons which I have personal safety are concerned. given; and, Mr. Chairman, I do not wish to say anything which I am free to say to the members of this House that if I was a shall be construed as proposing or suggesting any impediment or Government official in charge of a great Government establish­ any handicap upon the prompt issuing of the census reports. ment directed to do a certain work, and there were tools at my If it be necessary, at the proper time, if it be the opinion of the next door to finish that work, the law prescri.bing how it . should committee that now is the proper time, to put such instructions as be done, relying upon Congress for the appropriation necessary to the gentleman from Wisconsin has in his hand in this bill, I am have it done, I should very much prefer to have that work fin. content. My principal contention is that I do not want here and ished under Government control than to take the chances of the now to take any action that will in any way destroy or tend to de. annoyances, and, as I believe, the expenses, of going outside and stroy the Government Printing Office or establish a precedent engaging in open competition in contract work. that the Government printing is going outside, up and down the Mr. SIMS. Will the gentleman allow me one question? country,offering itself to the lowest bidder. Sometimes contracts Mr. RUSSELL. Certainly. go to the highest bidder. I think we ought to prevent that, at Mr. SIMS. I want to see if I understand the gentleman. Your least. contention ia 'that in order to do the work, and to do it in time, all Now, Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time. that is needed is a sufficient appropriation, and that it is prema­ Mr: LACEY. Before the gentleman takes his seat, as I under­ ture now to consider that question. stand, one of the troubles is the liability of conflict between the Mr. RUSSELL. I have the personal assurance of the Public Public Printer and the Director of the Census? Printer that if Congress gives him the money he will do any Mr. RUSSELL. I do not think there is any such liability. amount of work in any time which you require of him; that he Mr. LACEY. If section 4 were adopted, and we added this has the facilities, so to speak, in the Government Printing Office. provision: He has the general facilities and the machinery to do it, but he Provided, That before letting any such contract the Public Printer sha.11 has to have the money to run that machinery and to pay his help. first find and certify in writing that such probability of delay exists. He can not do the work, perhaps, working the force now employed Mr. RUSSELL. I am not in favor of that, because that brings there only eight hours a day. He possibly could not do the given up the principal reason why I am opposed to taking away the amount of work in the specified time with that force working that printing from the Government Printing Office. If you are going number of hours. to do that, abolish the Government Printing Office, for which we Mr. CLAYTON of Alabama. I want to know if you do not are appropriating hundreds of thousands of dollars every year. think it would cost the Government less to have the Government Mr. CRUMPACKER. Suppose the Public Printer's Office Printer do this work than it will if we go outside? should be destroyed by conflagration. How would you have it Mr. RUSSELL. It is my opinion that it would cost the Gov· printed then? ernment in the end very much less, because the statistics of the Mr. RUSSELL. Outside, I suppose. last census, the statistics of the census before, and the record of Mr. CRUMPACKER. Suppose the work should be arrested by Government printing show that the great expense was in the cor· labor strikes, which is a supposable case. How would you have rection of proof-the changes. Why, I will ask the attention of that work done then? the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. GAINES] to the fact that ln Mr. RUSSELL. That is not so supposable a case as the other. one of the volumes of the last census, I think it was, 700 pages set We would have to do the bet we could. The very instant the up and printed had to be entirely stricken out. destruction came to that Printing Office we would set about the Mr. GAINES. That was under civil-service machinery, too, institution of another Printing Office, or else go entirely out of was it not? the Government printing business. Mr. RUSSELL. Now, do not e.sk me to call attention to the Mr. CRUMPACKER. Suppose there was no appropriation date of the years when that was done. available for that purpose? Mr. GAINES. 1 do not care under whose administration it was Mr. RbSSELL. We would make it as soon as we convened. done, if it was done under the civil service. Mr. CRUMPACKER. You would have to have an extra. ses· Mr. RAY of New York. I dislike to interrupt the gentleman sion of Congress, likely. when he is speaking, but I want to know if he can point out any Mr. RUSSELL. Perhaps not. 1900. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 959

Mr. CRUMPACKER. Ia not the only effect of this amendment Mr. HEATWOLE. :Members of the committee will see from to provide against a contingency of that character? this letter that the Government Printing Office is able to do all Mr. RUSSELL. I think not. Suppose we should all die; I the work that will be required by the Director of the Census. suppo::e something would have to be done by which another Con­ l\Ir. BROMWELL. As 1 understand it, he is able to do it with gress might come together. the facilities and force he now has. The only thing is that they Mr. CRUMPACKER. But it could not be done before the shall furnish him with copy and corrected proof promptly. If we 1st of July, 1902. want it done moTe rapidly, all we have to do is to give him more Mr. RUSSELL. Before I close I want to say I have here a men and better facilities. number of letters. I think they come from heads of nearly every Mr. HEATWOLE. It is proper to say that the GoYernment Department; but they are certainly from the Treasury Depart­ Pri.nting Office is in a better position to. do this work than any ment, from the Agricultural Department, from the War Depart­ office we can reach by contract. It is estimated that the thirteen ment, from the bureaus of the different Departments, all giving volumes brought into question by this amendment and the com­ instances not only of the facility, but of the promptness of the tnunications which have been made by the Census Committee Government Printing Office in executing work. I wish to call will comprise 13,03!1 pages. One hundred men working eight particular attention to the letters from the Treasury Department hours a day would set this matter in about260days. By working and the Agricultural Department, which I will submit: two shifts they could set it in 130 days, while by three shifts of TREASURY DEP.ill.'l'MENT, Washington, June 15, 1898. eight hours each this type could be set in less than 100 days. By DEAR Srn: Sc.61'etary Gage wishes me to express his high appreciation of increasing the force there is no question but what the type for the the valuable service recently rendered to this DeJ.>artment by Capt. H. T. entire edition of 13,039 pages could be set in less than 50 days. Brian, foreman of printing. The short time the Department has set for itself in which to float the new war loan made it necessary that the utmost In order, however, to put these publications all in type it will expedition should be employed in every feature of the plan to successfully be necessary that the copy be furnished almost at the same time-­ place the issue of bonds. It was, therefore, especially gratifying that the that t~, that all the copy go into the office at once. It will require Government Printing Office was able to deliver almost 4,000,000 circulars, pamphlets, and blanks in the short period intervening between aao p. m. to set these pages abottt 260,000 pounds of type, costing about Saturday and 9 a. m. Monday last. $90,000, which will give members of the committee some idea of Very truly, yours, what it will require in a private office to do the work. F. A. VANDERLIP, .Assistant Secretat"]J. Now, there has been something said about the delay in the pub­ Hon. F. W. P ALlIER, Public Printer. lished reports of the Eleventh Census. At one time during the printing of those reports there was tied up in the Government TREASURY DEPARTMENT, BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Printing Office over 26 tons of type waiting proof and revised Washington, D. 0., ~ovember 3, 1899. MY DEAR CAPTAIN BRIAN: I beg to express my ap-preciation of the proof and additional copy from the Census Bureau. promptness with which you have printed the Monthly Summary. The Mr. GAINES. Then it was not the fault of the Public Printer: tables of imports for consumption were unusually difficult, and the total Mr. HEATWOLE. Evidently not. number of pages was larger than that of a.ny preceding month except that .Mr. BROMWELL. I want to ask the gentletnan from Minne­ of June, yet it reaches me on the 3d day of the month-just two weeks earlier than that of the June number!. which corresponded in size with this. What sota if there is, within his knowledge as a practical printer, in the more can I say in expression or my appreciation f - United States any establishment which could hold up that large Very truly, yours, for if 0. P. AUSTIN, Chit/ of Bureau. amount of type :while waiting copy, it had the contract to Capt. H. T. BRIAN, do the printing? Foreman of Printing, Gov~rnment Printing Office. Mr. HEATWOLE. There may be, but not to my knowledge. I understand there is a very extensive nonunion establishment in UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL-'tURE, DIVISION OF PuBLICATIONS, Indiana which might do some of this work, but as to its capacity Washington., D. 0., November B9, 1899. I know nothing. ~ow, assuming that- this 26 tons of type was DEAR Sm: I inclose herewith press copy of the Report of the Secretary nonpareil, the value of this metal tied up would be between twenty• of Agriculture for 1899, in which are indicated a very few slight corrections which were overlooked in the hurry of reading the proof, and I will be five and thirty thousand dollars. It will be noted, therefore, that obliged to you if yon will have the same corrected in the remainder of the if a private individual or coTporation is to do this work he or it edition. would necessarily require additional type, additional machinery, I am directed by the Secretary of Agriculture to thank you for the very and, of course, additional space. great_JJromptness with which the report was handled and printed. Very respectfully, It is true that a contract could undoubtedly be made with a GEO. WM. HILL. private indi'ridual or a corporation to publish these reports at a Capt. H. T. BRIAN, certain price, includi.ng minor changes from the Census Office, · Foreman of Printing, Government Printing Ojftce. but it would not be possible to make a contract that would prop­ Jlit one other point. I want to call the attention of the com· erly protect the interests of the United States if the methods mittee to this point, which is essential. You can not contract under which copy and proofs were prepared under tbe preceding your Government printing into an outside establishment where census is to be repeated in the coming census. That is to say, in yon have a seal of secrecy over it or the absolute control over it many instances it was almost entirely rewritten on the proof and that you have with the Government Printing Office; and that is changes made in the complete proof which required alterations an important consideration, not only for Congress, but every de­ in the stereotyped plates. ThiB not only occasions much delay, partment of this Government. I now yield to the gentleman from but is very expensive, and exttas would increase the cost indefi­ :Minnesota rMr. HEATWOLE). - nitely, Mr. HEA"TWOLE. Mr. Chairman, I am.in faYor of this bill, Now, from the report that I have on my desk from the Public with the exception of the fourth section. The gentleman from Printer, and which I may send to the Clerk's desk later to have Illinois, the chairman of the Committee on the Census, sent to read, I notice that one of the books of the last census of 794 pages the Clerk's desk a letter from the Public Printer, in which he was put in type but afterwards was" killed "-that is, the type was stated that the work required by the Census Office could be done distributed and had to be reset. That is to say, new copy had to in three hundred working days, and I assume that to mean three be furnished before the work could be finished. Of course it is hundred working days of eight hours each. There was nothing reqnired that the Census Office shall be duly diligent in furnish­ said in that letter about putting on two extra shifts, or bei.ng able ing copy and in correcting proof, if it is expected that the Print­ to do the work in a third of the time, but in order to be sure as ing Office will get the work out on time. There are two sides to to the capacities and facilities in the Public Printing Office I this question. I want to call attention to the statement of lli. telephoned the Public Printer and received the letter in reply King, chief statistician of the Census Bureau, and alluded to by which I would like to have read from the Clerk's desk, the gentleman from IUinoi.s. He spoke about one of the reports The Clerk read as follows: on manufactures requiring thirteen months and twenty-six days, GOVERNllllNT PRINTING OFFICE, and Vital Statistics No. 4 requiring over sixteen months to be OFFICE OF THE PuBLIO PRINTER, printed. Wa.shington, D. 0., January 171 1900. DEAR Sm: In accordance with your request made to me this morning, I It is proper to say that we have been unable to obtain any data Will state that the Government Printing Office is equipped with material and in regard to why this delay was occasioned. That work was done employees to execute promptly the reports of the Census Bureau for the under another administration of the Printing Office. But the Twelfth Census in the time required. gentleman failed to read tlle statement showing that Population It seems to me that the allotment of contracts for this printing to ,P.ri~a.te or corporate parties would leave the superior facilities already 1>rovided by No. 1 was gotten out in two months and eighteen days; Popula­ the Government in this office to be unused. tion No. 2, in one month and two days. And as an illustration If the Census Bureau, in the event that the work should be doue here, will p·repare and furnish copy so that uninterrupted employment can be given to of what that work is, I will show you one of the volumes on vital ow· compositors, and proof shall be returned promptly, with few radical al­ and social statistics. It is this large volume which I hold in my terations, this office will do its share toward the completion of the census hand, a volume consisting of tabulated matter, called two-price reports in time to meet all necessary requirements. is, 10,000 The records of this office will show that the work when completed will be matter. That where there ara ems composition, nonpa­ of the highest order e.nd the cost in all respects favorable to the Govern­ reil, on a page, it would count for the printer 20,000 ems composi­ ment, and yet with just compensation to the people emp1oyed. tion. This is one of the books. I do not know how many there Yours, respectfully, were in the_edition, but that was gotten out in a remarkably short F. W. PALMER, Public Printer. Hon. JOEL P. HEATWOLE, time. House of Reprtsentatives, Washington, D. 0. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. 960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 18,

Mr. HEATWOLE. I should like a little more time. RECAPITULATION. Mr. LANDIS. I ask that the gentleman be given time to con­ clude his remarks. ===: :: :: Mr. HEATWOLE. I should like to have a letter from the Pub­ fi~~;;~: ~:::::::::::: ::: :::_::: ::: :::: :: ::::: :::::: :: ::::::::::: ::::: ~ lic Printer read. Total . --· ...• -············-· -··· •.••.•.•...•...•. ······-•....•...... •..• 400 Working two shifts, eight hours ea.ch, it is estimated that the work can Mr.RUSSELL. Iwillyieldtenminuteslongertothegentleman. be done in 150 working days; three shifts, eight hours each, 100 working days. The CHAIRMAN. ThegentlemanfromMinnesota fMr.HEAT- By increa-sing the.force this time could be shortened, if necessary. It is ob­ WOLE] is recognized for ten minutes. - served that the chief of the printing division, Census Office, estimates that Mr. HEATWOLE. I insist that there is practically no limit to the work can be completed in 306 working days with the following force: One hundred and twelve mechanics, 30 laborers, 48 girls; total, 190. After a. the work which can be Clone by the Government Printing Office. careful consideration of the subject this force is deemed entirely inadequate. -- It seems to me that every report required by the Director of the Respectfully, Census can be gotten out in the time needed to meet the require­ F. W. PALMER, Public Pr-inter. Hon. JOEL P. HEATWOLE, ments of the Census Office. But in view of the fact that some­ Chairman Committee on Printing, House of Rep1-esentatives. thing has been said in relation to. delays, I desire to send to the Clerk's desk and have read a statement from the Public Printer Mr. HEATWOLE. Mr. Chairman, it will be noticed in this in regards to those delays. letter that the Census Office had proofs of 2,327 pages and 151 gal­ The Clerk read as follows: leys of matter belonging to final reports. This matter was tied up in the Government Printing Office, and really is more type than GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, OFFICE OF THE PCIBLIC PRINTER, is usually found in a large printing office owned by a private indi· Washington, D. C., January 16, 1900. vidual or corporation. It will be noted in the letter read that at­ Sm: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of Janu­ tention is called to a letter directed to Mr. Wright, Acting Super­ ary 13, inclosing copy of memoranda furnished b¥ the Director of the Census intendent of the Census, from the P.ublic Printer, in which he estimating the length of time which will be reqmred to -print certain reports of the Twelfth Census, and a statement showing the tune occupied by this showed that numerous pages of matter had been set up for the office in printing certain reports of the Eleventh Census, and stating that Census Office and then killed or ordered to be thrown in, and the you should like to have any data I may be able to give in regard to the prog­ attention of the Census Office was directed to the fact that such ress of the work on the last-named reports, and whether or not copy and final proofs of such reports were promptly fm·nished by the Census Office. proceedings were extravagant and unwarranted. Repeatedly the Appended hereto is a statement showing the dates upon which copy was attention of the Census Office was called to the fact that proofs furnished to this office of the following-named reports of the Eleventh Cen­ were being delayed, and that consequently the work on the print­ sus, the date upon which the final plate proofs were marked "ready for press," and the date upon which the completed work was delivered to the ing was delayed. Department of the Interior: Population, 1890, Part I; Population, 1890, Part Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. Who was responsible for the kill· II, Manufactures, 1890, Part I; Ma.nufactures.1890, Part Il; Manufactures, ing of that matter? 1890, Pa.rt III; Vital Statistics, 1890, Pa.rt I; Vital Statistics, 1890, Part II; Vital Statistics, 1890, Part III; Vita.I Statistics, 1890, Part IV; Agriculture, Mr. HEATWOLE. The Census Office was responsible for the 1890; Comp13pdium, 1890, Part I; Compendium, 1890, Part II; Compendium, killing of it. If the Government Printing Office can not do this 1890, Part III. _ work in the time asked or prescribed under the provisions of the I also inclose herewith copies of communications from this office, calling census act, I do not see how it is possible for any private printing the attention of the officials having charge of the printing of the reports of the Eleventh Census to the delays of the Census Office- in furnishing copy, office or office owned by a corporation to print it. returnin~ proofs, the submission of incorrect copy-necessitating many The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. changes m proofs-the making of alterations in matter after it had been Mr. HEATWOLE. I ask unanimous consent to append, in stereotn>ed, etc. I desire to call your particular attention to the copy of a letter addressed addition to my remarks, a statement which I hold in my hand. by me July Z'l, 1893, to the Acting Superintendent of Census, stating that The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman asks unanimous consent to there were in the possession of hiS office, at that date, the proofs of 2,327 print a statement in addition to his remarks. Is there objection? pages and 151 galleys of matter belonging to the Final R-eports of the Eleventh Census. The tYJ>e in which these 2,327 pages and 151 galleys of matter was There was no objection. set weighed 52,540 pounds, or more than 26 tons. I also WlSh to invite your The statement is as follows: attention to my letter of May 13, 1897, to Hon. Carroll D. Wright, in charge Statement sh-owing the dates upon which- copy was :furnished to the Government of the Eleventh Census, submitting a statement of the condition of the work Printing Office of certain re-ports of the Eleventh- Cenaus, the dates upon of the publications of the Eleventh Census, stating my wish to complete the which the final plate proofs were marked "Ready for press," anii the dates work at the earliest possible moment, and requesting him to lend his good upon. which- the completea work was delivered to the Depat·t?nent of the offices to that end, and to his reply thereto, dated May 14:, 1897. Interior. 'There were 794 pages of the report on Indians put in type, which matter POPULATION, 1890, PART I. wa~ afterwards "killed" and new copy, making 683 printed pages, furnished. (See letter from Census, qated March 16, 1894.) First installm.ent of copy received December 20, 1892; additional copy was It will be seen by reference to the above statement and correspondence received December 'a, 1892, April 18 and 19, lS!K, June 6, 1894, and July 9, 1894; that, with the exception of Part II of the Report on Manufactures and Part copy commencing Table ZJ withdrawn November 13, 1893 (pages 9U to Ian), IV of the Report on Vital Statistics, there was no i;reat delay upon the pa.rt and returned December 8, 1893: title, contents, etc., received March 13, 1895. of this office in promptly executing the work, while the copy was not fur­ Final plate proof, marked ••Ready for press," received April 13, 1895. nished in from two to six years after the taking of the census. Presswork begun March 26, 1894, a.bout one year in advance of volume be­ The chief of the printing division of the Census Office, in a letter addressed ing completed for press. by him to the Director of the Census January 12, 1900, a copy of which was This volume was delivered to the Department of the Interior July 1, 1895, received with your communication, gives the following as an estimate of the and within three months after the return of the final plate proofs. various c.hief statiRticia.ns as to the number of volumes, pages, and editions of POPULATION, 1890, PART II. the reports of the Twelfth Census named: Population. 2volumes, 2,103 pages, 50,000 copies; compendium, 3 volumes, 3,210 pages, 37,000 copies; agriculture First installment only of copy (1-877) received December 9, 1895; future in· 2 volumes, 1,848 pages, 25,000 copies; manufactures. 4: volumes, 3,378 pages, stallments as follows: 1-292, Decemoor 1,1896; 1-238, December4, 1896; 293---481, 25.000 copies; vital statistics, 2 volumes, 2,500 pages, 25,000 copies. li'ebruary 25, 1897; Z39---432, March 1211897; 4:.'l3-550, May 15 1897; 551-708, May feeders.--··· - •.... -····· ········--·-·· ...•••....••.... -···--·········-·· 20 First installment of copy was received February 13, 1895; second install- Laborers ------······--·-····················-·············-··········-···· 15 ment received June 4:, 189a; preliminary matter received September 10, 1895. Presses employed ..... ····-··· ....•...... ---·------·····-···--·······...... 18 Final plate proof, marked "Ready for press," received October 29, 1895. PROOF READING. Presswork begun February 13, 1896. This volume was delivered to the Department of the Interior May 5, 1896, NoTE.-This includes ordinary author's corrections-one second proof within seventy-one days after receipt of final plate proof. only. Further corrections and proofs, as hereto!".l re required in Census Office, constitute an indefinite proposition. (See letter dated September 15, MANUFACTURES, 1890, PART II. lS!K, from Public Printer to Acting Superintendent of Census upon subject First installment of copy was received December 28, 1893; second install­ of imperfect copy.) ment received March 21, 1894; preliminary matter received November 8, 1894. Copy editors ·-···· •. , ... ·-···· ...... •.•...... •.••.•...... •...... ••.•• 2 Final plate proof, marked" Ready for press," received March Z'l, 1895. FiI·Rt readers .•...... ••.• _....•••...•...... • _...•...•...... ••..•• 4 Presswork begun March 27, 1896. 4: This volume was delivered to the Department of the Interior May ZJ, ~gJ:J>1~~1d8ers:::::::::::::: :::: :::::: :::::::::::::::::::: :::: :::::: ::::: ::::: 3 1896, fourteen months after receipt of final plate proofs. Revisers ... -··· ...• -----··· .•.• ---- ___ .---··· ...... •• ··-...... _____ --···· 2 MANUFACTURES, 1890, PART m. ELECTROTYPING. Copy for preliminary matter not received until March 6, 1895. Final plate proof, marked "Ready for press," received March 26, 1895. f~~;:~;:~~~~~ ~~~-:::·.:::: :::: :::::::: :: ::::: :::::::::::·.::::::::: :::: :::: :::: 1g Plate correction received March 28, 1895; proof submitted and received in return March 30, 1895. FOLDING AND GATHERING. Presswork begun July 30, 189!, a.bout nine months in advance of comple­ Folders, gatherers, etc. (females) ....•....• ···-···-·· .•.•.• ·--··· •.•. ·······- 65 tion of the volume. This volume was delivered to the Department of the Interior June 9, 1895, BINDING ill,000 VOLUMES. within seventy days after return of final plate proofs. Forwarders·············-··-·················-····-···--···--················· 30 Casing books ____ ...... •....•...... --·· ..•..... --·····-·--·...... 10 VITAL STATISTICS, 1890, PART I. Making cases, by machine ...... •...... --···· .•...... ••. ·-······ ••..•• ·-···· 4: First installment of copy received December 31, 1896; Table No. 26 (folios Stamping cases: 1259to1271) was withdrawn May 14:, 1897; preliminary matter received July Males ______...... •..... --········-···············----·-················ 4 31, 1897. . Females ____ .. ____ ...... ------...... ••...•..•...• ···----- 8 Final plate proof, marked" Ready for press," received September 29, 1897. 1 Presswork begun September 8, 1897, in advance of completion of volume f:.b'o~:r~~:~~~~-~~)_:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: :::: :::::::::::~ :::: rJ for press•

.... 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 961

This volume was delivered January 27, 1898 (within four months after re­ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, CENSUS OFFICE, ceipt of final plate proof), to the Department of the Interior. - Washingterism and Crime, 265 pages; Compendium, Sm: I desire to inform you that this office is awalting copy and proofs in H7 pages. The other proofs are first page proofs, and while they can not be connection with census volumes on Vita.I Statistics, Part II, and Population, sent for plating next week, I have given very imperative directions for push­ Part I. We are not only ready but anxious to receive the matter and com­ ing forward the work as rapidly as possible. I am watching this daily and plete the work. will not allow a moment of unnecessary delay. At the same time I hope you If other matter concerning new volumes or parts of volumes of census will be good enough to use every endeavor possible to get as many of these matter is to be furnished this office, we would be glad to receive same at once reports in type as may be practicable. and progress the work to completion. · Very respectfully, ROBERT P. PORTER, Respectfully, yours, TH. E. BENEDICT, Superintendent of Cens'U$. Public Printer. Mr. H. T. BRIAN, Hon. CARROLL D. WRIGHT, Foreman of Printing, Government Printing Office. Commissioner of Labor, in Charge of Eleventh Census.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, DEP.A.RTMID\"'T OF THE il."'TERIOR, CENSUS DIVISION, OFFICE OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER, Washington, D. 0., September 17, 1896. Washington, D. C., July 27, 1893. Srn: In reply to your favor of the 16th, informing me that your office is · SIR: There are now in the possession of the Census Office proofs of 2,327 "awaiting copy and proofs in connection with census volumes on Vital Sta­ pages and 151 galleys of matter belonging to the final reports of the Eleventh tistics, Part 1I, and Population, Part II, and that if other matter concerning Census. Until a large portion of these proofs have been returned here it will new volumes is to be furnished you would be glad to receive the same," I be impossible to put in type any more of this work. have to say that I hope by the 1st of the ensuing month to furnish you with Very respectfully, all copy pertaining to the volumes you mention, as well as the copy for the F. W. PALMER, Public Pr-inter. third volume of the Compendium. The clerks in the division have remained JAMES H. w .A.RDLE, at work, without vacation, during the summer with t his end in view, and I Acting Superintendent of Census, Washington, D. 0. 6ee no reason at present why you should not have the copy, or the greater

XXXIII-61 962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 18, part of it, for all the remaining census volumes, viz, the ones you mention Mr. RUSSELL. Will the gentleman from Illinois now occupy and third volume of the Compendium, within the next fifteen days. As to proofs, I have to say that there a.re now in the office only 168 pages some time? of proof, all of which will be forwarded tcrmonow or next day. In this con­ Mr. HOPKINS. I will yield ten minutes to my colleague [Mr. nection I beg to say that I do not think there has been any delay here. CRUMPACKER), Very respectfully, CARROLL D. WRIGHT, Mr. CRUMPACKER. Mr. Chairman, the purpose of this Commissioner of Labor, in Charge, etc. amendment is to provide against contingencies, and that is its Hon. TH. E. BENEDICT, Public Printer. sole and only purpose. It involves no question of etiquette be­ tween bureaus. The respective bureaus oi the Government have GOVERNMENT PRINTING 0FFICF., no legal or vested right in any particular part of the public serv­ OFFIOE OF THE PlIBLIO PB.INTER, ice. This is solely and entirely a. business proposition. Washington, D. 0., May 13, 1897. Some reflection has been made npon the conduct of the com­ DEA& Sm: The following is a. statement of the condition of the work on mittee because it omitted to invite the Public Printer before it to the publications of the Eleventh Census in this office: Report on Population, Part II. Cast (xiii-dxxv, 1...fi27) February 18, 1896, to give a. statement. May lU, 1897; plate proof (1...£2.1) sent February 28, 1896, to May 12, 1897; plate I believe every member of the committee is and was of the proof returned for printing, pages 1-31.D; waiting on return of remainder of opinion that the Public Printing Office has the capacity, or may plate proofs and furnishing of title, contents, and index; galley proof first sent on this volnme January 23, 1897; work suspended for some time owi.J!g to be given the capacity, to publish the census reports within the delay in furnishing better part of copy, which was not received until Feb­ time required by the original act; but to provide against contin­ ruary 2.1 and March 12, 1897. gencies that may possibly arise' the committee deemed it wise to Vital and Social Statistics, Part I. .About 260 galleys, proof out April 7 to May 12; no proof returned. Census Office gave us to understand that they give this power to the Director of the Census. Objection has were not prepared and would not read proof further than to overlook plate been made that it violates a long-established custom and intro­ matter; galley proof sent for examination of titles and headings only. duces a dangerous precedent. Compendium, Part III. Cast (i-vii, 1-1150) January 26 to March 30; plate proof sent February 16 to April 7; returned in part (1-475) March 18 to May There is some force, I concede, Mr. Chairman, in that argument; 3; now wait ing on return ot plate proofs; press started May 8, and unless but when the committee keeps in mind that this is a special kind plate proofs are returned more rapidly will have to stop press. of work and thatthe time of its consummation is arbitrarily limited, It is my desire to complete this work at the earliest possible moment, and have to request you to lend your good offices to this end. it seems to me that it is proper for Congress to confer upon the Respectfully, · head of this great Bureau this extraordinary power. Tbe man F. W. PALMER, Public Printer. who has charge of this work has been selected on account of his Hon. CARROLL D. W&IGHT, executive ability, because of his integrity of character, and we all Commissioner of Labor, in Charge of Eleventh Census, Washington, D. C. know that in all the great functions of government discretion must ultimately be vested in the integrity and t.be wisdom of some D1:P.ARTMENT Oli' THE INTERIOR, CENSUS DIVISION, man. Washington, D. 0., May 14, 1891. I believe, Mr. Chairman! that if this amendment shall prevail DEAR Srn: I am in receipt of yours of yesterday, giving a. statement of the · there will be no difficulty in relation to the printing of these re­ condition of the publications of the Eleventh Census and requesting my good ports, and the probabilities are that they will be printed in the offices in completing the censuR wo:rk a.t the ea.rliest possible moment. In reply, I have to sa.y that the embarrassment at the present time is the Government Office. The Director of the Census only asks Con­ result of an arrangement made some time ago with the Prmting Ofl'ice, to the gress to give him power to contract for this work elsewhere in effect that the proof reading on the census copy should be done there, the the event that any contingency should arise that would make it Census Office only revising the arrangement of headings, etc. This arrange.. ment has not proved satisfactory, as material e1·rors were found, which made impossible to get the work done at the Government Office. It reading by copy after the plating wa.s done desirable. Nevertheless, we have seems to me, when we view the peculiar· features of the case, its driven matters to the utmost extent with the very small force left after dis­ unusual aspect, the grant of authority can not stand as a prece­ banding practically the proof-reading section. This morning all the galley proofs of Part I of Vital and Social Statistics dent that would authorize permanent bureaus to procure power wero returned to the Printing Office, so there will be no particular delay on from Congress to contract here, there, and elsewhel'e over the this volume. The thing which embarrasses you mo~, I Judge, is Part III of country for work that ought prOIJerly to be done by the Public the Compendium. I have now loaned the Census Office the services of four Printer. proof readers, and shall try to secure some from the Department of the In­ terior for temporary service, in order to push this volume to completion. All Mr. SNODGRASS. Why not vest this discretion in the Public that ics to be done is simply to read the P,late proof by copy to a.void errors. Printer? If he can not comply with the law with the force at his Part II of the Report on Population will be pushed in the same way. 'J.'here disposal, why not give him the authority to contract with other is COT>Y which will make about forty printed pages still to be sent to Printing Office, as I am informed. parties? I am exceedingly gratifted to know that your office will do everything in Mr. CRUMPACKER. My answer to that is that the Director its power to complete the census at the earliest possible moment, and I be~ of the Census has been made personally and officially responsible to assure you that everything in my power shall also be done. I do not hesi­ tate to say that so far as the Census Office is concerned the last page of copy for this work, and the Public Printer, if he does the work, must should have been ont of our hands more than a year ago and would have do it out of the appropriation for the Census Bureau. It is census been had it not been for influences entirely beyond my control1 work, and the Director of the Census is responsible for it. His I am, very respectfullyt CARROLL D. WRIUHT, appropriation must pay for it, and he is naturally and logically Commissioner of Labor, i.n Charge of the Eleventh Census. the one who should have the discretion to determine when a con­ Hon. F. W. PALMER, Public Printer. tingency arose that would justify him in going elsewhere under the power that this bill confers. GOVERmrENT PRINTING 0FFIOE, Mr. Chairman, after having listened to the able and exhaustive OFFICE OF THE PuBLIC PRmTER, a.rgnment of my colleague npon the committee, the gentleman Washington, D. 0., July 15, 1897. from Connecticut fMr. RUSSELL], I can still see no just and suffi­ DEA& Sm: That the Report of the Eleventh Census on Population, Part II, cient reason why tliis authority ought not to be granted under the may be printed and bound without further delay, this office would be glad to If have you complete, at your earliest convenience, pages 628 to 824, both inclu­ peculiar conditions of the case. we expect to get these volumes sive. out by the 1st of July, 1902, we must give some one the power, Respectfully, W. H. COLLINS. almost an absolute power, if he should see fit to exercise it, to Chief Clerk. meet the date that has been arbitrarily fixed by Congress. CHIEF OF CENSUS DIVISION, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. 0. It is likely that if the Public Printer should set apart a force of 100or 200menand should procureotherfacilitiesand devote them DEPARTMENT Oli' THE INTERIOR, CENSUS DIVISION, exclusively to the work of printing and binding the reports, the Washington, July 16, 1891. entire work could be done in the Government Printing Office. DEA& Sm: Yours of the 15th instant, relative to Pa.?"t U of the Census Re­ But the fear has been entertained by some members of the Com­ po.rt on Po:eulation, just received. mittee on Census that the Public Printer might conclude that he I am trying to hustle this a.long as ral)idly as possible; yon have plate proof complete up to page 627; first proof of pages 628-743 has been returned and would be justified in using his regular force in printing the census second proof asked for, of which pages 628-m2 have been received. (673-009 reports when they were not required for his regular duties, for received since above.) the duties bearing directly and personally upon him as the head First proof of pa~es 744-824 has been returned and second proof of 16 pages asked for, the remamder being passed to plate. of a great department, to be paid for out of his own appropriation. We are now clear of everything except such second proof as has been called And this provision is simply to meet contingencies. If the Gov­ for, and this will be disposed of just as rapidly aa you can send it, being com­ ernment Printing Office has the capacity, and the Public Printer pared for correction only. has the disposition, there will be no occasion for the exercise of The new matter (628-744) will have to be read in the plate by copy, and ar­ rangements have been made to secure additional assistance and put it through the power conferred upon the Director of the Census under this very quickly. I hope we can get entirely through with it in a very few days. bill. But if the Government Office does not have the capacity, or Respectfully, if the Public Printer should not have the disposition, then I be­ W. A. KING, Chief Census DivisiO'Tlr. lieve every man on this floor will agree with me in the conclusion Mr. W. H. COLLINS, that the Director of the Census ought to have the discretion that Chief Clerk, GCJ'Vernmen-t Printing Office. the bill confers upon him. Mr. RUSSELL. How much time have I remaining, Mr. Chair­ Mr. RUSSELL. Will it interrupt my colleague if I ask him a man? question? The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has fifteen minntes. Mr. CRUMPACKER. Not at all. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 963

Mr. RUSSELL. You made reference tothefact that this work Mr. RUSSELL. I yield five minutes to the gentleman from was to be done out of the appropriation given to the Census Office. Pennsylvania fMr. DALZELL]. Now, why give the Director of the Census this power before we Mr. DALZELL. Mr. Chairman, I want to say, before I say give him the appropriation? Why is it proper that we should anything else, that I have had no telegram, no letters from any­ now authorize hjm to do contract work before we have given him body with respect to this measure. I made up my mind when I any money to print anywhere, either in the Government Printing read this bill, a few days ago, that this was a dangerous provision Office or outside of that office? and one that ought not to pass. This question is, as the gentle­ Mr. CRUMPACKER. Well, we should give him power before man from Indiana on my right stated a few moments ago, a pure we make the appropriation, because appropriations are always business question. It is not a question of Democracy or Repub­ ba.c;ed upon duty, upon what the law requires of a bureau, and licanism. It is not a contest between the Public Printer and the not upon a speculative possibility. Director of the_Census Bureau. It is a pure business question. The :Mr. RUSSELL. He has the duty of doing that. That is in the United States Government has a certain amount of printingtodo. general law. This is a perversion of or limitation upon his duties. The United States Government is the proprietor of the finest l\Ir. CRUMPACKER. TheDirectorof the Census said to our printing office on the face of the earth. A distinguished English­ committee that this power ought to be conferred upon him, and man, who was here not long ago, said that, after having gone into that he ought to have it now, so that he could be taking the pre­ the workings of this Government in all of its departments, he left liminary steps that may be necessary to finally determine that Washington with such admiration for the Government Printing question. I do not know how long a time he would require to as­ Office as did not extend to any one or all of the other Depart­ certain whether the facilities of the Public Printer were such that ments put together. he could satisfactorily do the work. I do not know how long a time Now, the proposition is that this proprietor of the best printing he might need to arrange with some private institution to do office in the world shall employ somebody else to do its printing, the work, in the event that he had to resort to that alternative. and shall employ that somebody else to do that printing, involv­ Mr. SNODGRASS. Will the gentleman allow me to a.sk him a ing an expenditure of millions of dollars, at the discretion of the question? head of a bureau. Mr. CRUMPACKER. Certainly. I want to say here, now, that I know no gentleman connected Mr. SNODGRASS. Why should we give to the Director of the with the United States Government for whom I have a higher Census power to pass judgmentupon the capacity of the Printing respect or greater esteem than the Director of the Census. His Office? integrity is beyond question; his ability and competency to dis­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. charge the duties of his office are beyond question. I want to say Mr. CRUMPACKER. I am sorry I have not time to answer the same as to the Public Printer. But the United States has the question. now, and has had for unnumbered years, a policy on this subject, Mr. GRIFFITH. Mr. Chairman, it occurs to me there are and the policy is to place the responsibility for Government print· many questions sought to be presented h6l'e in the discussion that ing in a single hand; to make a single man responsible, and that have no proper place in the consideration of this bill. I have man is the head of the Public Printing Office-the Public Prin_ter. always been friendly and have always espoused the cause of labor I know of no reason why, in this particular instance, the rule wherever its internsts were at stake. I have always been friendly heretofore followed, the wise, common-sense, business rule, should to the printers' union, to the typesetters' union, and to all that be abandoned. · . great class of laborers. The only question that ought to influence us is, Is the Public Now, the bill before the committee this afternoon presents in Printing Office sufficiently equipped to do this work? The answer none of its features any question involving any of the rights of to that is to be found in the experience of the past. It has been labor or of the labor-union cause. The value of the work of the demonstrated here that so far as the Eleventh Census was con­ census depends largely upon the prompt and expeditious manner cerned, in every single instance where there was a delay, the delay in which the results of the work of that Bureau are disseminated was attributable to the Census Office; and in every single instance and placed in the hands of the general public. when there was no delay on the part of the Census Office the work Now, as members well know, the work of the last census, as had been well and expeditiously done by the Public Printer. well as the work of the census of 1880, and many volumes of vari­ Now, let me read you an extract from the last report of the ous particular parts of the work, which the public were interested Public Printer: in, most especially, were not distributed and were not accessible Notwithstandingthe unusaa.l and unprecedented demands made upon this for three, four, five, and six years after the census was taken, office by several of the Departments of the Government in consequence of and for all practical purposes the publication and dissemination the war with Spain., [ am pleased to state that its facilities wein it. lication of these reports should be completed not later than the That in a time of war, when every Department of this Govern­ 1st of July, 1902. The Director of the Census is made responsible ment was calling upon the Printing Office with unusual and ex­ by law for the completion of the publication and distribution of traordinary demands. these reports within that time. He goes on to say: It is contended and urged that the Public Printer was not called The most striking illustration during the past year of the c.apabilities of before the committee. Suppose, for the purposes of the argument, the office for executing hurried orders was the printing of the messageof the we concede the strongest case that the Public Printer can possibly President transmit ting the report of the naval court of inquiry upon the make, and that is that he could complete the work; that he has destruction of the U.S. battleship Maine. This publication consisted of 298 pages of text, 24 full-pageenpavings. and I lithograph in colors and although the facilities with which to oomplet.e the work within the time the originals of the illustrations were not in the possession of tne1 office until specified. 3 o'cloc1r p. m. of March 28, and the manuscript of the text was not received There is no question here but that the sum and substance of the until 6 o'clock p. m. of the same day, COinJ>lete_printed copies, in pa.per covers) were placed upon the desks of Senatol's and Representatives by 10 o'clock of fourth clause as to that discretion is this: That if by peradventure, the following morning. from any cause, the Public Printer finds himself unable, and the rApplause.] Director should come to the conclusion that the Public Printer A feat incapable of performance by any other printing office will not be able, to complete the distribution and dissemination of within the bounds of the United States. these reports within the time required by law, then, and in that A MEMBER. Or the world. event only, is the Director of the Census authorized to contract to with outside. I think, gentlemen, that that is a just and reasonable Mr. DALZELL. Or the world. But, not deal generali­ reqnest. ties, how about this particular case upon which we are to-day sit­ Mr. SNODGRASS. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him ting as a jury? The Public Printer says, in a letter addressed to a question that the other gentleman failed to answer for want of the chairman of the Committee on Printing: - time? In accordance with your r equest made to me this morning, I will state that the Government Printing Office is equipped with material and employees to M.r. GRIFFITH. Certainly. execute promptly the reports of the Census Bureau for the Twelfth Census Mr. SNODGRASS. Why is it necessary to give to the Director in the time required. of the Census power to pass judgment upon the capacity of the Not only that, but he goes on to say that if you allot these con­ Printing Office? tracts to outside parties you not only deprive the Government Mr. GRIFFITH. Because, by law, he is charged with the duty Printing Office of the doin~ of that which it is capable of doing, of completing and distributing these reports by the 1st of July, but yon turn into disuse and leave unemployed the Government 1902. He is an executive officer-the officer who, bylaw, is charged property in that Printing Office. with this responsibility. I have confidence that the Director will not abuse the discretion we lodge with him. The people are It seems to me-- anxious that the results of the census be published and ready for The Public- Printer continues- circulation at the earliest possible date. that the allotment of contracts for this printing to private and corporate parties would leave the superior facilities already provided by the Govern- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. ment in this office to be unused, _ r

964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J ANU.ARY 18,

As a plain business proposition, to be dealt with by business Who but the Director of the Census knows what facilities will men upon the same basis with which they would deal with their be required, what additional force will be requfred to enable him own, I say that this fourth section of this bill ought to be stricken to have this done before July 1, 1902? I do not believe in allow­ out. · ing one public servant to dictate to another of equal grade. Now, just one word more. It is suggested here, by way of com­ Neither does this amendment which I propose make any such promise, that some amendment should be offered as a substitute, provision. Mr. Chairman, when the time comes I shall offer as a which shall say that the Public Printer, upon the request of the substitute for section 4 the amendment which I now ask to have Director of the Census, shall do thus and so. Why on the request read. I do not see how any man who really wants to see this of the Director of the Census? work done within the time, and who does not wish to see an im­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. possible condition of affairs forced upon the Director of the Cen­ Mr. DALZELL. I should like one minute more. sus, can object to it. I ask the Clerk to read my proposed amend­ Mr. RUSSELL. How much time have I left, Mr. Chairman? ment. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has eight minutes remain- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. ing. Mr. HOPKINS. I will yield two minutes more to the gen- Mr. RUSSELL. I yield one minute. tleman. Mr. DALZELL. Strike out the fourth section, and it gives the Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. I ask the Clerk to read. Printer under existing law the charge of this work. Now, why The Clerk read as follows: divide the responsibility? Why say, on the request of the Director At the request of the Director of the Census, the Public Printer shall pro­ of the Census, he shall do thus and so? Why leave it to the Public vide such additional facilities as said Director ma.y request to enable him to comply with the provisions of the act entitled "An act to provide for taking Printer to say, hereafter, that this work was not done because the the Twelfth and subsequent censuses," and amendments thereof, which Director of the Census did not request it; and the Director of the printing shall be done under the supervision of the Public Printer. Census to make an excuse that the Public Printer did not do thus Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. Now, Mr. Chairman as the and so? Why not abide by the ancient landmarks and stand by reading of tliat shows, nothing is taken away from the Public the policy that we have heretofore established? Place your re­ Printer. The same power and the same privileges that he now sponsibility in a single hand-make a single·man answerable for has are accorded to him, or, rather, are left with him. The only the use of the instruments, sufficient and adequate in themselves, additional provision is that if the Director of the Census should with which we have provided him. [Applause.] find that the facilities of the Public Printer are not such as to en­ Mr. HOPKINS. How much time does the gentleman from able the Public Printer to do the printing within the specl.fi.ed South Carolina rMr. Wn:..soN] desire? time, then, not at the dictation of the Director of the Census, but Mr. WILSON'" of South Carolina. Five minutes. at the request of the Director of the Census, the Public Printer is Mr. HOPKINS. I yield five minutes to the gentleman from authorized and directed to make an additional equipment, to fur­ South Carolina [Mr. WILSON], a member of the committee. nish the additional force, which will enable the Director of the Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, as I under­ Census to carry out the law. [Applause.] stand the legisiation so far adopted concerning the census, it ill Mr. HOPKINS. I yield five minutes to the gentleman from the purpose that this census shall be a departure from its prede­ Georgia rMr. LIVINGSTON]. cessor; that it shall be nonpartisan; that it shall be prompt, and Mr. LIVINGSTON. I only desire time in which to present an that it shall be accurate. Now, this provision which has been amendment, which, as I understand, the gentleman from South incorporated into the proposed bill is designed solely to accom­ Carolina ("Mr. Wn..soN] has already suggested. plish one of these purposes, to wit, that this census report as to Mr. HOl>KINS. It is not the same amendment, is it? those four schedules shall be promptly printed and promptly dis­ Mr. WILSON .of South Carolina. No; it is a different amend­ seminated. ment, The opposition to it seems to me to revolve around the person­ Mr. HOPKINS. Then I will yield five minutes·to the gentle­ ality of the Public Printer. I have nothing to say against the man from Georgia. Public Printer. I know him slightly, I know him favorably, and Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Chairman, in my time I desire to have I am satisfied he is as good a Public Printer as we have ever had. read this amendment, which I wish to offer at the proper time. But we can not bring this debate down to a matter of the person­ The Clerk read as follows: ality of either of these gentlemen-the Director of the Census or In lieu of section 4 as proposed insert: · the Public Printer. It is, as all parties agree, a plain business "SEC. 4. The Public Printer, on the request of the Director of the Census shall establish in the office of the Twelfth Census or elsewhere in the city or1 proposition. Washington a branch printing office, which shall be under the direction and Now, there are certain fixed conditions that underlie this matter. control of the Public Printer, of sufficient capacity to meet the demands of Those conditions are that the time is fixed, beyond which the Di­ the Director of the Census in the publication of the census reports." rector can not go, at which time these books shall be published. Mr. LIVINGSTON. Now, Mr. Chairman, that is in exact con­ Another condition is that, by the admission of the Public Printer, formity to the present law, which says that all branch printing read in your hearing this afternoon, the present establishment of offices that have been or mav be established shall be as I have the Government Printing Office is utterly inadequate to do that directed in that amendment.· This amendment of mine bridges printing within the prescribed limit, because, in his own lan­ over the whole trouble between the Director of the Census and guage, it would take three hundred days to do this work. In the Public Printer, Mr. Palmer. other words, if that work should be given to him January 1,.1902, It is due to the Director of the Census that when we press him, it would be January, 1903, before the Public Printer would be as we have under the law, for certain reports or documents to be ready to deliver the goods to the Director of the Census. issued at a certain time it is nothing but right to give him the Mr. BURKE of Texas. Suppose he increases his force? privilege of saying to the Public Printer, "This must be done Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. The third condition is of within this time." Now, the Public Printer, under this amend­ importance to the people of this country, that they should be ment of mine, has nothing to do but just establish a branch office promptly supplied with the results of the census. Now, what is and· turn over from his own office such printers, binders, and proposed to be done by the amendment or the substitute which other employees as may be necessary to do this work in the pre­ I shall offer for this amendment? It is proposed that the same scribed time, on the request of the Director of the Census. · This time limit shall be in effect imposed upon the Public Printer as ends the whole fight between the two gentlemen and between the has already been imposed upon the Director of the Census. friends of the two gentlemen and it is in perfect conformity with Both of them are public servants. Both of them are amenable the )aw on printing, as the most of you are well aware. to legislation which this Congress may enact. Congress has Mr. COWHERD. Would that make any additional cost? already said to the Director, "You must give these books to the Mr. LIVINGSTON. No additional cost, Mr. Chairman. public by July 1, 1902." Congress has never said-and I ask the Mr. RUSSELL. Mr:Chafrman, I yield half of my remaining attention of the gentleman from Pennsylvania rMr. DALZELL1 to time to the gentleman from New York [Mr. RYAN] and the re­ that fact-Congress has never said to the Public Printer, "You maining half to the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. PRINCEl. must get these books printed by July 1, 1902." Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Chairman, I have no desire to The light of past expe!'ience shows us that when the proofs were delay the printing and binding of the census reports or in any promptly delivered it took the Public P1·inter over one year to de­ way retard their publication. But I am opposed to the fourth liver the reports. section of this bill because I believe it to be unwise and unneces­ I do not refer to the present Public Printer necessarily, but I sary legislation. In order to obtain some information that I, as refer to the occupant of that official position at that time. It took a member of this committee, was unable to secure from the com­ him over one year to deliver the printed goods after the proofs mittee, I directed a letter to the Public Printer, and I now send were delivered to him. What guaranty have we that the same the reply to the Clerk's desk and ask to have it read in my time. limit of time will not be consumed in 1902? The Clerk read as follows: What objection can any friend of the Public Printer raise to this GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, Congress, in the exercise of its power and in the exercise of its OFFICE 0.b' THE PUBLIC PRINTER, duty to the American people, saying to him, "As we have required Washington, D. C., January 17, 1900. Srn: Inanswertoyourletterof January17, Ihavethehonortostate that the of the Director of the Census, so we require of you, the Public Government Printing Office was created, supplied, and is maintained for the Printar, that this work shall be done within this prescribed limit"? purpose of executing all printing and binding required by the Government 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 965

including the printing and binding of the reports of the censusi and that and we will see that he does that work; and if not, we will ask it is well equipped to turn out the work with sufficient speed and m a. satis­ the President who put him in charge to put him out and put in factory and meritorious manner. Indeed, section 87 of the act of Jannary 12, 1895 (Stat. 28, page 622), provides a man who has the zeal, the energy, the honesty, and the ability - that "all printing, binding, and blank books for the Senate and House of to conduct the work of the Government Printing Office. [ Ap­ Representatives and for the executive and judicial departments shall be plause.] done at the Government Printing Office, except in cases otherwise provided bylaw." Mr. HOPKINS. I yield three minutes to the gentleman from In my judgment this office is fully equipped and able to turn out, with Kansas. . necessary dispatch, the census reports referred to in section 3 of Honse bill Mr. RIDGELY. Mr. Chairman, I want to add my voice on No. 5488. The leaflet received with your communica,tion is returned herewith. this proposition to those who favor this work being done exclu­ Respectfully, sively by ourselves-by the Government. As has been said, and . F. W. PALMER, Public Printer. as the facts and figures that have been presented to this House Hon. W. H. RYAN, show, we have equipped ourselves as a nation with the best print­ House of Rep1·esentatives, Washington, D. O. ing establishment in the known world; and our Public Printer, Mr. RYAN of New York. Now, Mr. Chairman, ill view of the in charge of this establishment, tells us that he has facilities with information contained in that letter, I believe it to be unwise as a which, if we, the legislative branch, will furnish him the money business proposition to adopt this section, because we all know to hire the help, he can dispatch any amount of public printing the Government now maintains the largest and best-equipped within any reasonable time that may be asked of him; therefore I printing office in the world. I can not conceive how the gentle­ say, let usretnain within the well-established policy of this nation so men who preceded me on the floor in favor of the adoption of the far as our public printing is concerned; at least, let it be done by report made by the chairman of the Census Committee will explain and for ourselves. I think we certainly should do so, and au­ the necessity for going outside of the finest equipped and largest thorize no one to let out this printing either to individuals or printing concern conducted on either continent when this Print­ corporations. Thanking the gentleman in charge of the bill for ing Office was established for the express purpose of turning out his kindness, I will return to him whatever time I have not con­ just such publications as is noted in the request of the Director sumed. of the Census. The Public Printer declares that he can do the Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, I crave the indulgence of the work within the time required. committee while I attempt to meet some of the arguments which The contention was made in the committee that, provided the have been urged by gentlemen who desire to strike out the eection work was contracted for outside of the Government Printing of this bill that is proposed by the Census Committee. I regret, Office, a saving of 25 per cent in the cost would be the result. Mr. Chairman, that the personality of the Public Printer has been Now, Mr. Chairman, if that be true, it necessarily denotes that injected so prominenUy in this debate. I realize the power and this work is to be performed against the interests of organized influence that he may have if he seeks to exert it, and it has been labor, a fact which the gentleman from Illinois and others have too conspicuous here to-day, in my judgment, for the healthy con· already denied. Both statements can not be true. The truth of dition of public legislation. But for all of that, I desire to say, in either one is sufficient reason why this report should not be my judgment, the action of this committee in reporting this accepted. amendment is not only not intended and does not in fact encroach The statement that 25 per cent of the. cost is to be saved is, per­ upon the power of the Public Printer when properly considered. haps, or at least in my judgment, the nearer to the truth. This The whole argument of the gentleman from Pennsylvania was saving would not come from any causes of better equipment or that the proposition of the committee was to take this census grander plant or wider experience that any other printing office, printing from the Public Printing Office. It does not propose to in its entirety, may possess to the disadvantage of the plant, take any of it away if the Public Printer can do it, as is now equipment, and experience that is combined in the institution claimed by the gentleman from Minnesota and the gentleman known as the Government Printing Office. This saving must from New York. What is the object of it, then? The object of necessarily come from labor, and I feel, and I trust we all feel, it is this, that the law imposes on the Director of the Census that that this is a condition we wish to avoid. this work shall be completed and in the hands of the public on The Census Bureau now has in operation, under the law, a the 1st of July, 1902. printing office, with power to increase its capacity as the necessi­ .As I stated in my opening remarks, the work is of such a char­ ties may require. The ability and capacity of the Government acter that the Director of the Census will be unable to put this in Printing Office is limited only by the appropriations mads by Con· the hands of the Printer until the 1st day of January, 1902, leav­ gress from year to year; and as the Public Printer has stated that ing practically only six months in which to do all this work. I be can do this work within the time specified I can see no reason have shown here that in the previous census eight or nine years why we should go elsewhere. In view of this fact, and others were occupied between the Public Printer and the Director of the heretofore stated, I believe that this amendment, known as sec­ Census in accomplishing this work. Now, these gentlemen say tion 4, should be stricken from the bill. [Applause on the Demo­ the Public Printer is ready at all times, under existing conditionst cratic side. l to get this work done. I deny that. I have here a letter written Mr. PRINCE. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the commit­ by the chief clerk of the Geological Survey, in which he says: tee, it seems thus far in the discussion that there is no contention The publication of onr annual reports, monographs, bulletins, and water­ but what the Public Pl'inter can do the work under considera­ supply papers, the work on which is done at and through the Government tion. He has so stated, and no one thus far has denied his state­ Printmg Office, is, in many cases, not so prompt as is desirable. We believe that the Public Printer does the best he can, but other demands on his office some­ ment, either by letter or otherwise. The next question which times postpone work on our reports to a vexatious degree. For example, presents itself is, Is it wise at this time for us to leave the Gov­ PartVofonrNineteenthAnnual Report (consisting of seven volumes), which ernment Printing Office and go up and down the streets of our was transmitted on December 20, 1898, has not yet been delivered. great cities and invite people to enter into competition to do the Very respectfully; . public-printing business? As I understand, the Printing Office H. C. RIZER, Chief Clerk. was established for the express purpose of getting away from the The chief clerk of the Interstate Commerce Commission com­ very idea sought to be ingrafted in this measure to-day. plains that they are delayed in their publications and that the As I understand from older members who served in the years work is very unsatisfactory. Now, I do not state these facts to from 1850 to 1860, there were scandals connected with the farm­ criticise the Public Printer, but I state them to the members of ing out of printing. For the purpose of removing any question this committee to show them that the Public Printer does a vast of appearance of evil the Government Printing Office was estab­ volume of work, and unless some action be taken to-day to enable lished, and from that day to this there has been no question raised the Director of the Census to comply with this law we shall find as to its being properly managed, no matter under what Adminis­ a repetition, in the publication of these reports, of the Tenth and tration the Public Printer may have been appointed. In the last Eleven th censuses. Administration there was no question raised, and in the present If the members of this committee are willing that should be Administration there has been no charge of scandal having arisen done, then I have no objection to this fourth section, that is pro­ in the Printing Office. Therefore, it seems to me that it would posed by my committee, being stricken out. But if it is proposed be unwise for us at this time to go back to the old way and raise to require the Director of the Census to live up to the spirit of the again the question of doubt, and get ourselves into discussions, law, then I ask the members her~ to-day to join with the Commit­ political and scandalous, growing out of the letting of public tee. on the Census to effect a condition so that this work can be printing to political favorites or rat offices. done. For one I believe in standing by the old landmarks; for one I Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. Will the gentleman allow me an believe in striking this section entirely from the bill, and allowing interruption? this bill to be passed by this House exactly as it was passed by the Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. /1 United States Senate. Let us determine once for all that the Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. I want to know why, if the Publi() Public Printer shall do the public printing of the Government of Printer says he can do this work, you are not satisfied with it? I the United States. If it should turn out that he is not competent He says he can do it, and asks the House to be permitted to do or qualified to do this work, Mr. Chairman, the Committee on the it. Why does the gentleman say he can not do it? The Public Census can make such·a report to the House of Representatives, Printer ought to be the judge of his own business. 966 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. J .ANU.ARY 18,

Mr. HOPKINS. I will answer the gentleman. The Public ~ecial agl'.'nts to a~t th~ supervisors in large citjes whenever he may deem it proper,m connect10n with the work of preparation for, or durin~ thepro.,.­ Printer has stated in a letter to the Director of the Census that it ress of, the enumeration, or in connection with the reenumeration of an"'y will take him three hundred working days from the time he re­ district, or a part thereof; to employ as special a~ents such of the supervis­ ceives the proof from the Director of the Census before he can get ors ~f ce~us as he m~y deem ~e and proper, at tne compensation provided out the work. Now, take the three shifts, if you please, and make for m section 17 of said act, the mtent and purpose being that the supervis­ ors of ~ensus may be ~p-pointed special ';lgents at ~he time they are acting as it one hundred days. Tb at does not provide for any contingency. supervisors, and receive the compensation to which they a.re entitled as sn­ It does not provide for any breakdown or any delay in the print­ pervisors, and also as special agents. ing matter sent by the Director of the Census; in fact, it does not The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment to provide for any of the one hundred and one contingencies liable this paragraph recommended by the committee. to occur. - The Clerk read as follows: What I want to do is this: I do not want to take it away from Insert a~r "agen.ts" in lin~ 16, page 2, the follow~~; "and the Director of the Public Printer; I do not suppose it will be taken away; but I the Census is au thonzed and directed to collect statistics relating to all of the want the members of the committee here to take some such action as de.af, d-qinb, a~d blind, no~wit1'stan~ing the restrictions and limitations con­ tained m section 8 of said act entitled, 'An act to provide for taking th0 will insure the publication of these reports within the time limited Twelfth and subsequent censuses.'" by law or take away the limitation. One way to do that is to adopt the compromise measure offered by the gentleman from The CHAIRMAN. The question pending before the committee Georgia. is, Shall the amendment reported by the Committee on the Census I can say that, while in my judgment it is not so wise a provision just read, be adopted? That is the amendment to the third sec: as the one contemplated by the Committee on Census, yet in the tion. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. HOPKINS] asks recorni- interests of harmony, and to meet the demands of gentlemen who tion, as the Chair understands.- , t> think the Public Printer ought to do the printing, I am ready to Mr. HOPKINS. I desire to move to strike out the word "two " accept that amendment. That leaves it under the control of the in line 16, page 3, and insert the word "five;" so that it will re~d Public Printer, but it requires him, from the time Congress acts, "$5,000" instead of "$2,000." when this bill becomes a law, to enlarge his facilities and make Th~ CHAIRMAN. Th~ Chair will say to the gentleman that his an-angements to meet the extraordinary demands that will be that is an amendment which the gentleman from Illinois proposes placed upon him bytheworkthatwillcomefrom the Census Office. to offer. The first matter in order is the question, Shall the Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. Suppose the eligibles now out of amendment reported bythe Committee, which has just been read employment are put to work, is it not possible that the Public be adopted? That should first be disposed of, and then the gen: Printer can do the work? He is our authorized agent, and he tleman's amendment would be in order. says he can do it, and I want a better reason than the gentleman Mr. HOPKINS. I a..sk for a vote, Mr. Chairman, on the com­ from IDinois gives why he should take it away from him. mittee amendment. Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman is laboring Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, it is not mv under a misapprehension. I have stated again andagain thatthe purpose to interfere with the speedy taking and announcement of object was not to take it from the Public Printer, but to make it the results of the Twelfth Census, but I do wish to oppose certain certain that these volumes will be published within the time pre­ amendments which have been proposed to the Senate bill now scribed by law. ~efo!e this b~dy. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. HOPKINS], If the amendment 1mggested by the gentleman from Georgia is m. his concludmg remarks, urges baste upon this body, that the adopted, then the Public Printer will at once, if his facilities are Drrector of the Census may be enabled to proceed speedily with not such as make him able to meet these demands-and in my judg­ the duty with which he has been charged, and to enable him to ment they are not-then he will take such steps as will enable him proceed speedily we are asked to allow him to take from the to do this specific work and get out the publications by the 1st of Public Printer a large share of his duty. Now, Mr. Chairman, it July, 1902, and he will, if necessary, come to the Committee on occurs to me-- Appropriations of the House and Senate and demand the money Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, I would suggest to the gentle­ to be used by him to enlarge the facilities of that department so man that the amendment to which he refers is not now under con­ as to meet what I suggest. sideration. His speech will properly come in a little later. I ask Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. Butthegentlemandoesnotanswer him to let us take a. vote on this amendment first, and he can my question. present his views when we reach the other matter. Mr. HOPKINS. I decline to yield further. I am not respon­ :Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts. I was informed that that sible- was the amendment which was pending. Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. If the gentleman is not responsi­ Mr. HOPKINS. No. ble, then he would better sit down. [Laughter.] The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from ffiinois declines to ROBERTS] will be recognized later. yield. Mr. HOPKINS. I ask for a vote on the committee amendment Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, I should dislike to be respon­ The committee amendment was agreed to. ' sible for the comprehension of the gentleman. I tried to make Mr. HILL. I desire to offer an amendment. my position clear, and I am exceedingly unfortunate, evidently, The CH~ffiMAN. The g~ntleman fro~ Illinois [Mr. HOP· with him. _ KINS], chairman of the committee, has notified the Chair that he Mr. HENRY of Mississippi, That is not an answer to my desires to offer an amendment. The gentleman from Connecticut question. [Mr. HILL] will be recognized later. Mr. HOPKINS. But I want to say that if I have shown any­ Mr. HOPKINS: In line 16, page 3, I move to strike out the thing, I have shown that there is a necessity existing for prompt word "two" and insert the word "five," so that it will read "five action to be taken here, in order to enable the Director of the thousand" instead of "two thousand" dollars; and I desire to Census to comply with the requirements of the law. state to the members of the committee that this is not a commit­ Now, without taking up any further time, I ask the members tee amendment, but one which I offer in response to a suggestion of this committee, Republicans and Democrats alike, to look at made by the Director of the Census in a letter which I now ask this ~atter from the standpoint of the duty that is imposed upon the Clerk to read. ~he Director of the Census, where, as I said, a limitation is placed The Clerk read as follows: m the l~w that has never existed ~ any previous law in regard to CENSUS OFFICE, 0FFIOE OF THE DIREOTOR, the taking of the census of the United States, from the formation Washington, D. 0., January 18, 1900. _DEAR MR. HOPKINS: I fin~, on consultation with the statisticians that it of the Government down to the present time. will ~ necessary to a.mend line 8 on the third page of the proposed bill, to It is an emergency duty that has been placed upon the Director. make it. r~d "to not exceed the sum of $5,000," instead of $2,000. The books It is a duty that can not be met unless we adopt the amendment and p~nodica..ls necessary to be purchased for the proper carrying out of this act will certainly cost at least $5,CXX>, so I suggest that you change the wording suggested by the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. LIVINGSTON] or from S2,CXX> to $5, in line 8, page 3, of the proposed bill. the amendment proposed by the committee of which I have the Truly, yours, honor to be chairman. W. R. MERRIAM, Director. Hon. A. J. HOPKINS, Mr. Chairman, I ask the Clerk to read the bill by sections. Ho1J.Se of Representatives, Washington, D. 0. . The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, I ask for a vote on the amend· ment. Be it e?'i,ac!ed by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United stat-es of .America i.n Congress assembled, That in addition to the power and author­ The amendment was reported by the Clerk, as follows: ity CC?nferred upon the Director of the Census by a.n act entitled "An act to On page 3, line 16, strike out the word "two" and insert in lieu thereof the provide f?r ta_kmg the Twelfth and subsequent censuses." approved March word ·•ft ve;" so that it will read: "not to exceed the sum of $5,CXX>." H, 1899, said J?irector of the Oensus shall h11ve power, and is hereby author­ ized, to appomt and employ, as the neceSSlty therefor may arise, 1 purchas­ The amendment was agreed to. hu!' agent, at an annuaf salary of $2,500; 2 chiefs of division, at an annual Mr. HILL. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment which I send eafary of $2,CXX> each; 5 clerks of class 4, 6 clerks of class 3, and 8 clerks of class to the Clerk's desk. I think it will be acceptable to the committee. 2; to employ such number of specia.l agents, not exceeding 3IJ in all. as may be proper and necessary for the purpose o. f gathering any information or The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Connecticut proposes data ln relation to or required by the agricultural schedules; to employ an amendment which the Clerk will report. 1900. .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 967

The amendment was read, as follows: quently of higher talents and larger experience, for this special Insert after the word "censuses," in line 21, 'Page 2, the following: work than for taking the enumeration of the people. "And the Director of the Census be, and he 18 hereby, authorized and di­ Mr. LENTZ. Does that mean that the special agent will travel rected to collect statistics required by section 8 of Raid act, in regard to over the same district and get the statistics? mines, mining, .and minerals, at the time fixed !or the ~numeration.of.the popubtion, agriculture, and manufactures, notwithstanding any restr1ct1ons Mr. HOPKINS. Oh, no. 7or limitations contained in section 8 of said act." Mr. LENTZ (continuing). To obtain the facts in reference to manufactures? Mr. HILL. Mr. Chairman, the amendment changes nothing in Mr. HOPKINS. Ina purely agricultural county they do not re· any respect except the time, Section 8 reads: quire any special agent, but there may be a city of 10,000, 20,000, That after the completion a.nd return of the enumeration of the work in 30,000, or 40,000 in a county where the enumerator will only take the schedules relating to products of agriculture and to manufacturing and mechanical establishments- the population, and a special agent will go to the manufacturing institutions and learn all in regard to the facts that it is proposed to After that work is all done, which must be done in 1903, then be gathered in respect to them. Their separate report comes to a this work is to be taken up, and it will not be possible to do this separate division of the Censll8 Bureau, over which presides a work and make the report in 1903 if this part of the work is de­ statistician, and the facts will be bound in a separate volume layed until after that is done. It changes it in no other respect when the reports are published. that I know of. It is a matter of form, and it will aid the Geolog­ Mr. LENTZ. That will come in later. ical Survey, which cooperates with this work. Mr. HOPKINS. Yes, sir. Mr. HOPKlNS. I have consulted with the members of the Mr. HULL. Will the gentleman explain the language under committee, and I think there is no objection to that amendment. which they may appoint special agents at the time they are acting The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the amendment will be as supervisors? considered as agreed to. Mr. HOPKINS. Yes; it may be done. There was no objection. Mr. HULL. They may be appointed while acting as super­ Mr. LENTZ. Mr. Chairman, I desire to offer an amendment to visors? line 16, page 2. Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. Mr. LENTZ. If the gentleman from Illinois will pardon me The amendment was read, as follows: while I read line 10, page 2, which says: Amend line 16, page 2, by inserting the word "not" before the word "also;" will To employ as special agents such of the supervisors of census as he may so that it read: "And not also as special agents." deem wise and proper, at the compensation provided for in section 17 of said Mr. LENTZ. Mr. Chairman, I should like to know whether it act, the intent and purpose being that the supervisors of census may be ap­ pointed special agents at the time they are acting as SUJ?ervisors, and receive is intended by this bill, as it seems to me it is intended, to pay the compensation to which they are entitled as superVlSors and also as spe­ these supervisors not only a thousand dollars for about two or three cial agents. months' work, but to allow the same supervisor to act as a special Now, if that does not give them double pay, why-- agent, to be paid for that and to be paid traveling expenses, and Mr. HOPKINS. One moment. Let me explain to the gentle­ then to be paid ·3 a day for subsistence. If that is the meaning man. Under existing law the supervisors are not clothed with of this bill, it seems to me that it is making a great deal more the authority, nor is the responsibility imposed upon them, to liberal provision for supervisors of the census than is made for gather statistics relating to manufactures, etc. That legisla­ the pay of members of this House. tion contemplates a separate officer for that. Mr. HOPKINS. The gentleman from Wisconsin (Mr. B.A.B· The Director of the Census has discovered, as in the case of my COCK] can answer that. - Mr. LENTZ. I should like to have the question answered be­ friend from Wisconsin, that it would be impossible to select dif­ fore I make any remarks, and I yield to the gentleman to answer ferent men for that, because of reasons that exist in the districts, that question. and in those cases that duty will be imposed upon the supervisor Mr. BABCOCK. Has the gentleman completed his statement? of the census; but inasmuch as it is work that was not contem­ Mr. LENTZ. I say I yield for an answer as to whether that is plated in the legislation when he was appointed, it is proposed to the meaning of this bill, and if so, why? pay him, if he does the work, the same compensation that would l\1r. BABCOCK. Mr. Chairman, I can tell the gentleman why be paid to a third party, in case the third party could be secured it is so. It is for this reason, and this only: In certain districts, who is competent for the work. of which my own, the Third district of Wisconsin, is an example, Mr. LENTZ. I want to say to the gentleman from Illinois ~hat it is almost an entirely agricultural district, and there is but it has been intimated to me by one who is to be a supervisor that very little work for a special agent in the way of gathering sta­ they expected legislation which will give them more than 81,000 tistics-so little that it would be practically impossible to get a for this work, and it seems to me that this very language carries special agent there. to the supe1·visor additional pay, because you have put into this I was present in the office of the Director of the Census when he section the words- said to the supervisor having charge of that district, "After your At the time they are acting as supervisors, and receive the compensation work is done I would like to have you do this special work, if you to which they are entitled as supervisors, and also as special agents. will, as there is not enough of it to send a man there for the pur­ Whynotmakethatplain? Why not strike that out? If the gen­ pose." That is the reason, and, I understand, the only reason, why tleman's explanation is correct, then my word "not" belongs here, these supervisors can be employed in those districts where there and I do not want to withdraw my amendment. is but little work after their duties as supervisors are completed. Mr. HOPKINS. If the supervisor does the work, he ought to be They are not to draw double pay. paid the same as any other person. Mr. LENTZ. Is it not a fact that the supervisor is provided Mr. LENTZ. What work does he do for the thousand dollars? with clerks during the progress of the two or three months' work His clerks will do substantially all the work. It is enough to do­ in taking the census? nate a thousand dollars to a supervisor. Mr. BABCOCK. No, sir; I do not understand that there are Mr. HOPKINS. The enumerators that are appointed by the any districts where clerks are allowed, or only a few. supervisor will report to the supervisor every day as well as to Mr. LENTZ. Am I to understand that this special work is not the Director, and it is the duty, under the law, of the supervisor to be performed during the progress of taking enumeration? to take these reports and tabulate them and verify them and send .Mr. BABCOCK. Not until after that is completed. them on to the Director of the Census. That is the work he does, Mr. HULL. Then it is really a matter of economy? in addition to laying out hlB district and appointing the enumera­ :Mr. BABCOCK. It is a matter of economy to the Government tors. That is what he gets the $1,000 compensation for. of the United States, and because of the difficulty of securing suit- Mr. LENTZ. Is it not intended that that shall all be done in two able men for this special purpose. _ months? Mr. LENTZ. Well, if it is meant that these men are not to Mr. HOPKINS. Oh, no; the supervisors were appointed draw double pay, or pay in two capa.cities at the same time, I months ago. They are working now and have been for two or withdraw my amendment. three months. Mr. HOPKINS. I think the gentleman from.Wisconsin is cor­ Mr. BABCOCK. If the gentleman will permit me, I attempted rect in saying this work by special agents is separate and distinct to state what I have known of the practical working of the office.

from the :work of a supervisor or enumerator1 and that it is to It is intended by the Director to appoint special agents, where come afterwards. there is sufficient work to employ them for any reasonable length Mr. LENTZ. May I ask what work will be required after the of time, In my district a man will do it in ten days. The ar­ census is taken and the enumeration reports are made to the rangement made by the supervisor in that district is that after he supervisor? has completed his enumeration he will do the special work and Mr. HOPKINS. They have to have special agents to take the be paid by the day. manufacturing and mechanical statistics, which are not contem­ Mr. LENTZ. Granting all that, is not this true thatthe super­ plated in the instructions sent out to the enumerators. It has visor has 100 enumerators reporting to him, and that he has work been found that they have to have a different class of men, fre- enough to take up all of his time as a supervisor? Why can not 968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 18, he employ some one else to do the ten days' work? There are sible to get one Democratic enumerator in any Northern State plenty of competent men in the community to do it. nnde1· his provision? Mr. BABCOCK. I think the gentleman's amendment would Mr. FLYNN. If I had my way there would not be a Demo­ add expense instead of economy. The idea of the Director is that cratic enumerator in any State under a Republican Administra­ in these districts where there is so little to do it would be economy tion. rLaughter and applause.] for the Government to permit the supervisor to do it. Mr. LENTZ. In other words, you want a. Republican census Mr. LENTZ. But why not employ local special agentstodoit? and Republican census enumerators for the next campaign. Why can not a man in Milwaukee or Chicago-- Mr. FLYNN. I want a competent census, and that is why I Mr. BABCOCK. It is not int-ended to apply t.o large places. insist on Republican enumerators. [Laughter and applause on They have special agents in those large places. It is only in dis­ the Republican side.] tricts where there is very little work to do that the supervisor is Mr. RIDGELY. Mr. Chairman, I am in favor of the amend­ to be employed. ment offered by the gentleman from Oklahoma, because I believe Mr. LENTZ. I do not see why we should give him double it but fair to his people, notwithstanding the partisan sentiment pay. that the gentleman has just now expressed. I see the gentleman The question was taken on the amendment offered by Mr. even scowls at the idea that I should support his amendment. LE.."'llTZ; and on a division (demanded by Mr. LENTZ) there were [Laughter.] It is possible that he may suffer the same fate that 87 ayes and 101 noes. I and others in my State have. He says now boldly that he would So the amendment was rejected. npt allow any Democrat anywhere in the United States to have The CHAIRMAN. The question now is on the committee anything to do with the taking of the census. I want to say t.o amendment, which the Clerk will read. him and those on that side that you talked in a very different tone The Clerk read as foUows: when you were ·first passing this law. You put into the law a Page 4, at the beginning of the paragraph, insert the word "however." provision that these appointments should be made fairly upon The amendment was agreed to. merit and not from any partisan reasons or bias. The Clerk (reading the bill) read as follows: Mr. SHATTUC. · That is what they are doing. SEC. 2. That in addition to the other statistics required to be collected by Mr. RIDGELY. Not in my State. I want to say here that in section 7 of said act approved March 3, 1899, there shall be collected on the the State of Kansas this partisan policy that the gentleman fMr. agricultural schedules information concern.in"' the number and kinds of live FLYNN] has just indorsed has been o.bsolntely applied, and no stock not on farms; and the Director of the Census shall have power to pay the enumerators for collecting such information, in his discretion, not less Democrat or Populist gets any position on the entire field force in than 5 nor more than 10 cents tor each barn or inclosure visited in which such the State of Kansas, not even one superv"isor, although in many live stock may be found: PrO'IJided, however, That the Director of the Census other States yon have conformed to the spirit of the law. Out in may appoint special age11:ts to gather the information required by this section Kansas the policy and idea is that we are not entitled to anything. whenever he may deem it proper. I say to you if you can afford to practice such partisan selfish­ Mr. FLYNN. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amendment, ness, go on and you will make votes for ns. We have Republicans which I send to the Clerk's desk. out there who believe in fair dealing and who believe that the . The clerk read as follows: sentiment and spirit of this census law should be complied with On page 4, line 3, aftert.heword "proper," insert the words "which agents shall be apportioned equitably between the Territories as well as the there as well as in other States. I will say, in justice to the Di­ States." rector, that this matter has been carried over his head to the Mr. FLYNN. Mr. Chairman, in offering that amendment I President, and the President has taken the partisan stand and has assume that there is general legislation providing that in all ap­ insisted_that every appointee in Kansas shall be a Republican, and pointments made they should be equitably distributed between that has been done. The Director has kindly allowed us two the States and the Territories. I represent more people and a clerks in his force. larger area than any other gantleman on this floor. Most mem­ Now, gentlemen, I say support the amendment and vote for it, bers have been apportioned six places in the Census Office in their because it is in the direction of fair dealing for the good people of district-- [Cries of "Oh, no, no, no."] his Territory, and we ought to support fair dealing whenever we That is all right-you have not got them all in office yet-but have an opportunity. The gentleman is right in offering the six. have been allotted in many cases. amendment, and I hope his Republican friends will stand by him A MEMBER. Only four. in behalf of the people of Oklahoma, even if you do abuse and Mr. FLYNN. Some gentleman states that they only got four. ignore half the good people of my State. I am willing to accept that statement. But why, if they have Mr. HOPKINS. I ask for a vote. only bad four, should I be curtailed to two? I have not mine in Mr. SNODGRASS. I ask that the amendment be again read. yet, althongh,~as a matter of fact, I was authorized to appointtwo There was so much confusion that we could not hear it. in my district. I am not finding fault with the Director of the The amendment was again report-ed. Census about that; in fact, I have no fault to find with him except Mr. FLYNN. I merely desire t.o state, with reference to the this, that he does not seem t.o realize that in our section we have remarks of the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. RIDGELY], that he is a country expanding, a population increasing, and that we would a very ge~ial g~:r;itleman, and I am an adinirer of his in everything like the same representation in the Census Office there as is accorded except his pohtics; but my statement that I would not appoint a other Representatives on the floor of this House. Democratic enumerator is based upon the fact that in my Terri­ When I say that gentlemen have been accredited with four, I tory we had four years of national Democratic rule, and we were realize that they are not all in office yet. I am not talking about unable to secure the appointment of resident Democrats scarceiy thoso who can not pass the examination. What I do ask is that in the entire Territory of Oklahoma to hold many offices that of this apportionment, which it appears to be taken for granted we right belonged to us. are entitled to, be equally divided. I want my share. [Laugh­ Under the census management, though we have not had many ter.] I desire to have it understood that I have patriots enough places, they have been given to those who resided in the Territory. in my district who are willing to draw the emoluments and swear Consequently I offered this amendment in good faith, and I am to support the Constitution, so that I want them to have a chance. confident that it would have passed if I had not received the sup­ Mr. BABCOCK. Are there more than two of the gentleman's port of the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. RIDGELY] under the cir­ constituents who will pass the examination necessary? cumstances. [Laughter.] Mr. FLYNN. Why, we have in Oklahoma 400,000 people, and Mr. RIDGELY. It may not hurt yon as much as yon think, I warrant the statement that there is no Representative on this after all. Though your own words here do not entitle you to the floor who has as intelligent a constituency. [Applause and laugh­ support of the Honse, yet I hope your people may not suffer on ter.] Why, Mr. Chairman, 98 per cent of them are native-born account of your personal discourtesies t.o me. American citizens. [Applause.) Their enlightenment and a de­ Mr. HOPKINS. I ask for a vote. sire to go forward and help build np this great country induced The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered them to come to Oklahoma and leave the drones behind them. by the gentleman from Oklahoma. [Laughter.] I believe that the gentleman in charge of the bill The question being taken, on a division (demanded by Mr. [Mr. HOPKINS] will accede to the proposition that in this appor­ FLYNN) there were-ayes 18, noes 97. tionment the Territories should have also, in proportion to their Accordingly the amendment was rejected. population, their proportionate share. . . The Clerk read as follows: That in the event of the death of any supervisor or enumerator after his Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, there is no law on this subject, appointment and entrance on his duties, the Director of the Census be, and and the gentleman, according to his own statement, has succeeded he is, authorized to pay to his widow or legal representative such sum as better than I have, and better than many other members have, may be just and fair for the services rendered by said supervisor or enumer~ and I think we had better vote the amendment down. a.tor prior to his death. Mr. FLYNN. One moment, Mr. Chairman, we are making With the follow.ng amendment proposed by the committee: law now, and that is the reason I offer this amendment. In line 7, after the word "widow," strike out the word "or " and insert "if Mr. LENTZ. I should like to know, and I was going to ask the there be one, and if not, to his." gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. FLYNNl, whether it would be pos- The amendment was agreed to. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 969

The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the remaining com- posed to be tacked on here. The Government has a printing mittee amendment. office. That establishment is so well administered that everybody The Clerk read as follows: has devoted time in complimenting our Government. Amend by inserting as section 4 the following: Why all this talk? You may just as well draw chalk lines in " SEC. 4. That the Director of the Census, whenever he shall find that there certain parts of the floor of the Printing Office and say that part is a probability of delay in the printing or publishing of the census reports be­ shall be set aside for the Public Printer and that the other side yond the l'6riod required by the said act of March a. 1899, be, and he hereby 1s, authorized and directed to contract with anr, individual, eopartnership, shall be set apart for the Director of the Census for a branch or corporation for the printing and binding, or either, of any of said re_ports, printing office. If the Director of the Census will get the mate­ in the manner prescribed by law for the letting of public contracts." rial ready and deliver it to the Public Printer the work can be The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the commit­ done, and will be done, and it seems to me it will be done cheaper tee amendment. than if it were done at a branch office. Mr. HOPKINS. I move to strike out the committee amend­ If there is anything intended by a branch office at the Census ment and insert in lieu thereof the following, which is the amend­ Bureau, it is that there shall be more branch officers to hold more ment of my friend the gentleman from Georgia, slightly modified. places, or it means nothing; and if we are to amend at all let us Mr. LIVINGSTON. Do I understand the gemtleman to say that be honest and say we mean to create a few more places for per­ that is my amendment with a slight change? sons seeking a chance at the public Treasury. It seems to me Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. that in the discussion this afternoon it has been well demonstrated The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. HOPKINS] not only by the gentleman from Pennsylvania [M.r. DALZELL], moves the following substitute for the committee amendment but also by the gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. RUSSELL] that which the Clerk will report. there is no necessity to waste any further time, and that there is The Clerk read as follows: no possibility of gentlemen here making any provision or any In lieu of section 4 as proposed insert: amendment of this law which would be worth one penny to the "SEC. 4. The Public Printer shall establish in the Public Printing Office a Government or to the census. division or branch printing office, which shall be under the direction and control of the Public Printer, of sufficient capacity to meet the demands of Let us close with the word at the end of the third section, vote the act approved March 3, 1899, entitled •An act relating to the Twelfth and down the amendment proposed, and vote down the fourth section; subsequent censuses.'" and when we shall have done that, it seems to me we shall have Mr. LIVINGSTON. I accept that amendment. done all we can do and ought to do on this subject to-day. Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, I think that meets the require­ Mr. HOPKINS. I have corrected the amendment I sent up so ments of both sides and that it will satisfy gentlemen who have as to meet the views of gentlemen on both sides, and I desire to been opposed to section 4. I trust we can take a vote on it with­ have that amendment read as I desire to see it pass. out any debate. The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the substitute as Mr. LENTZ. Will the gentleman from Illinois permit a ques­ modified. tion? The Clerk read as follows: Mr. HOPKINS. Yes. SEC. 4.. The Public Printer shall establish a division or branch printing Mr. LENTZ. Are we to understand tbat this branch printing office, which shall be under the direction and control of the Public Printer, office is to be put into some other building, away from the Gov­ of sufficient capacity to meet the demands of the act approved March 3, 1699, ernment Printing Office? entitled "An act relating to the Twelfth and subsequent censuses." Mr. HOPKINS. No; it is just to create a division. Mr. HOPKINS. And now I desire to say, Mr. Chairman, just Mr. LENTZ. What object is there, then, in calling it a branch a word, because I do not desire to delay the vote, that this places office? the responsibility on the Public Printer precisely as the law of The CHAIRMAN. Thegentlemanfromlllinois [Mr. HOPKIL~s] the Fifty-fifth Congress places it on the Director of the Census to has the floor. get his work out, and it leaves it with the Public Printer to say Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman- that if he can do it all in the building where he now is, it can be Mr. HOPKINS. If the gentleman from Massachusetts desires so done; but if necessary to establish a branch at the Census Office, to make a speech I will yield to him. it can be done there. Without taking any further time, I ask for Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts. Just for a moment. a vote on the amendment. [Cries of" Vote!"] Mr. HOPKINS. I yield to the gentleman three minutes. Mr. McRAE. Mr. Chairman, I want to say that, in my opin­ Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts. I thank the gentleman from ion, it is good for the House and good for the country that we Illinois. I did not propose to speak against the amendment which have had this discussion. It is a vindication of the Public Print­ he has now offered, but to speak in its favor. I was opposed to ing Office and has shown to members of the House that it is what the committee amendment known as section 4, whereby it was many of us have known it to be for years-one of the best equipped proposed to take this work out of the hands of the Public Printer, and best managed in the country. The present incumbent of that thereby doing away with the old-time custom of giving all such office is one of the most courteous and capable men holding office work to the proper officer. Now that his importance has been under this Administration. Under all Administrations the pub­ recognized and this work has been placed in his hands, where it lic printing has been done satisfactorily; it has been done well. properly belongs, I trust the amendment will be adopted. He tells the House he can do the census work, and we believe Mr. LENTZ. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last word. him. Now, shall we reflect upon this officer by inserting in this [Cries of "Vote!"] bill a paragraph which implies that he has not heretofore done or The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Ohio will pardon the does not in the futureintend to do his duty? He can print the mes­ Chair. Does the gentleman from Connecticut desire recognition? sages of the President and the reports of the various Departments, Mr. RUSSELL. I do. and can not be trusted to print for the Census Department! I The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Ohio will be recognized join with the gentleman from Connecticut in saying that I believe later. the whole of this paragraph ought to go out and the substitute be Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Chairman, I only have a word to say. Ex­ voted down. cept for the great regard I have for the ability and good nature of Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. We are making no reflection my colleague, the chairman of the Committee on Census, I should in this amendment upon the Public Printer. say, almost, this proposition was a ridiculous one. It proposes that Mr. McRAE. It requires him to establish a branch or division the Government Printer shall establish in the Printing Office­ for the Census Office. in his own office-a branch establishment. Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. It does not require him; it I do not understand the object of it. Shall he draw a division gives him power to do it. between all the branches and all the processes of the Government Mr. McRAE. If you are to believe him- printing and say all on that side of the line is a branch of the Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. It enlarges his power. Census Office and all on the other side is another office for general Mr: McRAE. If you are to believe him, he. can do this work Government work? I do not think it needs comment to show to the without snch division just as well as he can do the other work he members of this House that this division would be impracticable is called upon to do, if you will give him the space and printers. and almqst ridiculous. I am decidedly against any amendment. G~ntlemen complain that they have not been able to get the You can not reach this question except in one way. You can not Nineteenth Geological Report; but I tell gentlemen that I have reach it except by voting up or voting down the section proposed at least one copy, the twentieth volume of that report, printed by this bill. fLoud applause.] And on that lam ready to stand. and bound, with all the plates necessary to illustrate the work. The CHAIR'MAN. The gentleman from Ohio is next entitled There may be some delay in some of them, because he has not to recognition. enough force at times. But we have made an appropriation to Mr. LENTZ. Mr. Chairman, I want to say that it seems to me construct a new building, now being built, and when that work that if we have done any good here at all that we have finished our shall have been done he will have sufficient accommodations for work when we write the word "death" at the end of the third all the compositors necessary to do all of the printing for the 1 ~ section. This bill will be better without the fourth section, and Government. it will be better without the proposed amendment of either gen­ I hope that the Director of the Census, capable as I hope and tleman. There is no necessity for all this verbiage which is pro- believe he is, will learn something from the experience of the 970 CONGRESSION AI~ RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 18, delays of the last census and this discussion, and that we "Shall brought before this House without any consideration by 11.myone-. not have this delay in the furnishing of material to the Printer. There is no estimate brought in here to show whether the Public This discussion bas shown that almost all of the fault and delay Printer can do the work better under this law than nnde1· the law was in the Census Bureau and not in tbe Printing Office. If :this that now exists. There is no information that it has been inqufred Bureau will prepare the manuscript, I belieye I should be safe in into by the Director of the Censu~. The only thing I can see is that guaranteeing that the Public Printer would give to the public the possibly some of the gentlemen on this floor who were in favor of the reports promptly and m better shape than they. can be furnished fourth section have now become alarmed and wish to run a way b_y any other fadividual or corporation. from a vote. I say if we are in favor -0f the fourth seetion and Mr. DALZELL. Mr. Cllairman, I want to ask one ques.tion. want to assist the Direetor of the Census in sending out volumes, The evidence before this House is to the effect that the Public let us face the question honestly and squarely. [AppJanse.] Printing Office, as now constituted, is .abundantly able to do all Mr. HOPKINS. l\Ir. Chairman, the amendment I sent to th-a of this worJr. I want to .ask this question; Why establish in addi­ Clerk'sdeskwas in the interest of harmony. If there is objection, tion a branch office1 [Applause. J I wish to withdraw it and take a vote on the committee amendment. .Mi:. HOPKINS. The answer to that is this: That it does not The CHAIRMAN. The substitute is withdrawn by the gentle­ require him to use any diffeient men o.r machinery than he bas man from Illinois, and the question is on agreeing to the amend· now, but it directs him to set apart sufficient of those to meet the ment proposed by the Committee on the Census. requirements of the law., preclSely as the Director of the Census The amendment was rejected without a -division. is required to do it nnde.r existing law. Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Chairman, I move that the committee Mr. FARIS. Mr. Dhairman,I w.as~bout to ask a similar ques­ rise and report the bill as amended to the House. tion to that propounded by the gentleman from Pennsylvania. I The motion was agreed to. wish to say, .Mr. Chairman, that I regard this as an ill-considered The committee accordb:tgly rose; and the Speaker having re· proposition and one that we ought not to introduce. It is mean­ snmed the chair, Mr. CANNON, Chairman of the Committee of the ingless in effect and seems to me to he nothing more than hasty Whole Honse on the state of the Union, reported that that com­ legislation. mittee had had under consideration the bill (S. 2179) relating to Mr. GARDNER of New.Jersey. Mr. Chairman, I wish to say the Twelfth and subsequent censuses, and giving to the Director but a single word, because I did not get an opportunity to ask the thereof additional power and authority in certain cases, and for gentleman from Illinois rMr. HOPKINsl a :question on his expla­ other purposes, and had directed him to report the same ba.ck to nation of the effect of tbe pending substitute if adopted. If I the Honse with sundry amendments, and with the recommenda· catch its meaning, as read from the Clerk's desk, it does not .sus­ tion that as amended the same do pass. tain the explanation made by the gentleman from Illinois. Let :Mr. HOPKINS... I move the previous question on the amend­ ns see. It provides that the Public Printer sball establish u a me11ts and on the bill to its passage. branch or division" in his office, and that branch shall be suffi­ The previona question was ordered. cient in equipment and force to do all the census work. Now, The SPEAKER. Is a separate vote demanded on any of the that branch of the division, the new establishment-I say estab­ amendments? lishment, for 1what does the word "establish" mean?-would re­ Mr. McRAE. I ask that the amendments be again reported. main at least comparatively permanent. After Congress adjourns Mr. HOPKINS. Oh, they have just been read. there must be a shrinkage of the force in the Public Printer's Mr. McRAE. I withdraw the request. employ, and it would occur in the .old establishment and not in The SPEAKER. Is a .separate vote demanded on any -0f the the new under this substitute. And it would be true under the amendments? If not, they will be voted upon in gross. language of that amendment, if I can construe it rightly, that a The amendments were agreed to. Public Printer's force would go on in the census branch, and The bill as .amended was ordered to a third reading; and it was then, when a less force was needed, the shrinkage would occur on accordingly read the third time, and passed. the old force. Th~ point is that the old force would suffer and Mr. HOPKINS. Mr. Speaker, inasmuch as this is a bill that the new would continue unmolested. ought to be ingrafted into law at once, I ask for a conference with Mr. UNDERWOOD :rose. the Senate on the disagreement between the two Houses, and that Mr. HOPKINS. I want :to say this- the Speaker appoint the House conferees, this being a Senate bill The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Alabama is recognized. with House amendments. Mr. UNDERWOOD. I have the floor, Mr. Chairman, and I The SPEAKER. The gentleman moves that a conference be desire to proceed. Mr. Chairman_, I did not in the beginning in­ asked with the Senate, and that the Speaker appoint the con!eree,s tend to say anything on this proposition. I intended to vote for on the part of the House. the bill as the committee brought it in. We have known an years The motion was agreed to; and the Speaker appointed as con· past that the people of the United States have not received the ferees on the part of the House Mr. HOPKINS, Mr. RUSSELL, and benefit of the census work as performed by the officers of the Mr_ GRIFFITH. Gov~mment. Why? Because ten years have rolled by after once On motion of Mr. HOPKINS, a motion to reconsider the vote by . yon have completed the taking of tne census before you gave it which the bill was passed was laid on the table. " tofue people for their inspection. By the time the printing of LEA. VE OF ABSENCE. the books was completed in the usual old way, and they were laid before th"0 people, your work in may respects was no longer valu­ By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to Mr. DE GRA.FFENREID for five days, on a-ccount of death in his family. able. It is valueless for the pu:rposes for which it was printed. And then, on motion of Mr. PAYNE (at 5 o'clock and 2 minutes For that reason I say it is the duty of this Congress, if it is impos­ p. m.), the House adjourned, sfble ·at any time for the .Public Printer, in the usual course of business and with the facilities at his hand, to complete these volumes within the time that they can be furnished to the people, EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. so they can receive -the full benefit from the statistics gathered, . Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the foilowing executive com· then it is our duty to allow the Director of the Census to go ont munications wer"0 taken from the Speaker's table and referred as on the open market and contract for theprintingof thesevolumes follows: at the least price and furnish them to the people of the United A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a letter States. from the Chief of Engineers, repo1·t of examination and survey of If that can not he done under the bill as it stands to-day, if it the MissouriRiveratNapoleon, 1\Io.-to the Committee on Rivers can not be done nnder the law as it stands to-day, it can not be and Harbors, and ordered to be p.rinted. done under any amendment such as is now offered. I consider A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy the proposition an absolute absurdity. Under the laws of the of a communication from the Secretary of War submitting an census, and under all the censuses heretofore, the Public Printer estimate of appropriation for the investigation .relating to the relief has been allowed to enlarge his force without any specical legisla· of the Fourth Arkansas Mounted Infantry-to the Committee on tion; if the Appropriations Committee allow the money, he can put Appropriations1 and ordered to be printed. on men and establish thenecessary force to print these documents A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting copies whether you provide for a special power .or not. I say that '\"then of communications from the officer in charge of the overland relief we-attempt to dodge the question we are not doing jm1tice to onr expedition and a report of the adjustment of the accounts of the constituents, to the people who are entitled to this information. Cape Smythe Whaling and Trading Company-to the Committee We ·onght to vote down this Jlroposition to establish a branch on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. printing office. You accomplish nothing by adopting thiB pro­ A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy posed amendment, because the Public Printer can accomplish it of a communication from the Supervising Surgeon-General of the all now under the law as it now stands. Marine-Ho,spital Service submitting an estimatefor equipmentof Mr. SIMS. I would like to ask the gentleman from Alabama new building at the marine hospital at Chicago, Ill.-to the Com· if this has been referred to the Public Printer? mittee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. Mr. UNDERWOOD. The proposition seems to have been A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a copy ,of a 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 971

communication from the Acting Commissary-General of Subsist­ By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 6774) to amend ence ?elating to legislation '!-ffecting ~cers wh? disburse sub­ an act entitled "An act for the erection of a public building at St. sistence funds-to the Comnnttee on Mihtary Affairs, and ordered Panl, Minn.," approved February 16, 1891-to the Committee on to be printed. Public Buildings and Grounds. By Mr. RANSDELL: A bill (H. R. 6775) to provide for the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND permanent improvement of the Ouachita River-to the Commit­ RESOLUTIONS. tee on Rivers and Harbors. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions of the follow­ From the COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: ing titles were severally reported from committees, delivered to A bill (H. R. 6777) relative to the widening and extension of Six­ the Clerk, and referred to the several Calendars therein named, as teenth street, in the District of Columbia-to the House Calendar. follows: By Mr. DE ARMOND: A bill (H. R. 6778) to repeal the act l\lr. BUTLER, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, to which entitled "An act to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy was referred the joint resolution of the House (H.J. Res. 77) to throughout the United States," approved July 1, 1898-to the provjde for pay to certain retb:ed officers of the Marine Corps, re­ Committee on the Judiciary. ported the same without amendment, accompanied by a report By Mr. McLAIN: A bill (H. R. 6868) to amend an act author­ (No. 73); which said joint resolution and report were referred to izing the terms of the district court of the United States for the the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. southern district of Mississippi to be held hei:eafter at Biloxi-to Mr. MONDELL, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to the Committee on the Judiciary. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 2965) to complete By Mr. YOUNG of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 6869) estab­ the establishment and erection of a military post near the city of lishing under the Treasury Department a bureau of health-to the Sheridan, in the State of Wyoming, and making an appropriation Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. therefor, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by By Mr. GRAHAM: A bill (H. H. 6870) to extend laws enacted a i·eport (No. 74); which said bill and report were referred to the by Congress for the Territories to our new islands-to the Commit­ Committee of the Whole House on the state <>f the Union. tee on Insular Affairs. Mr. PEARRE, from the Committee on the District of Columbia, By Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 6871) for to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 6777) relative the erection of a monumental statue in the city of Washington, to the widening and extension of Sixteenth street, in the District D. C., to the late Maj. Gen. Henry W. Lawton, United States Volunteers-to the Committee on the Library. of Columbia., reported the same1 accompanied by a report (No. 75); which said bill and report were referred to the House Calendar. By Mr. ZENOR: A joint resolution (H. J. Res. 125) construing the act approved June 27, 1890, entitled "An act granting pen­ CHANGE OF REFERENCE. sions to soldiers and sailors who are incapacitated for the perform­ ance of manuallabor, and providing for pensions to widows, minor Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged from children, and dependent parents "-to the Committee on Invalid the consideration of bills of the following titles; which were there­ Pensions. upon referred as follows: By Mr. DAVIS: A joint resolution (H. J. Res. 126) diverting A bill (H. R. 1192) for the relief of Charles Gallagher, of New and setting apart $50,000 out of the sums heretofore appropriated York, and to refer his claims to the Court of G.aims,-Committee for jetty work at Cumberland Sound, in the States of Florida and on Claims discharged, and referred to the Committee on War Georgia, for sluicing and dredging at the entrance of said sound­ Claims. to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. A bill (H. R. 3434) for the relief of the New England Distilling By Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts: A resolution (H. Res. Company, of Covington, Ky.-Commi~ on Claims discharged, 98) relating to the appointment of chaplain in the United States and referred to the Committee on Ways and .Means. Army of the Roman Catholic faith-to the Committee on Military A bill (H. R. 4430) granting a pension to Catharine Coughlin­ Affairs. Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred 'to the Also, a .resolution (H. Res. 99) relating t.o the appointment of Committee on Pensions. chaplain in the Unites States Navy of the Roman Catholic faith­ A bill (H. R. 6138) granting an increase of pension to Lilli.an to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Capron-Committee on Invahd Pensions discharged, and referred By Mr. COUSINS: A resolution (H. Res. 100) calling for m­ to Committee on Pensions. formation from the Secretary of the Interior relative to the Sac · A bill (H. R. 6403) granting a pension to Alice Bozeman-Com­ and Fox Indians of the .Mississippi residing in the State of Iowa­ mittee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to the Com­ to the Committee on Indian Affairs. mittee on Pensions. By Mr. BURTON: A resolution (H. Res. 101) requesting in­ formation from the Secretary of War relative to the proposed PUBLIC DILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS power canal projected by the Michigan-Lake Superior Power INTRODUCED. Company-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials By Mr. BURKETT: A resolution of the legislature of Penn­ of the following titles were introduced, and severally referred as sylvania, relating to the election of United States Senators by pop­ follows: ular vot.e-to the Committee on Election of President, Vice-Presi­ By Mr. CORLISS: A bill (H. R. 6766) to authorize the con­ dent, and Representatives in Congress. struction, operation, and maintenance of telegraphic cables be­ By Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts: A resolution of the tween the United States of America and Hawaii, Guam, and legislature of Pennsylvania, relating to the election of United Philippine Islands, and other countries, and to promote commerce­ States Senators by popular vot-e-to the Committee on Election of to the Committee on Interstate and Foreigh Commerce. President, Vice-President, and Representatives in Congress. · By Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 6767) to By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: A resolution of State Agri­ grant an American register to the steamer Windward-to the cultural Society of Minnesota, relating to subsidies for American Committee on the :Merchant Marine and Fisheries. shipping-to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fish­ By Mr. ALLEN of Maine (by request): A bill (H. R. 6768) for eries. the raising of revenue, the creation of a tariff commission, and for other purposes~to the Committee on Ways and Means. ILLS AND R TIONS INTRODU ED By Mr. CROMER: A bill (IL R. 6769) to provide for the pur- PRIVATE B ESOLU C · chase of a site and the erection of a public building thereon at Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of Anderson, in the State of Indiana-to the Committee on Public the following titles were introduced and severally referred as Buildings and Grounds. fol1ows; Also, a bill (H. R. 6770) to provide for the purchase of a site By Mr. .BOUTELLE of Maine: A bill (H. R. 6776) granting a and the erection of a public building thereon at Muncie, in the pension to Annie Chamberlain-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ State of Indiana-to the Committee on Public Buildings and · sions. Grounds. By Mr. BROMWELL (by request): A bill (H. R. 6779) to pay By Mr: TONGUE: A bill (H. R. 6771) to construct a revetment certain Treasury settlements-to the Committee on Claims. on the left bank of the Willamette River, near Independence, in Also, a bill (H. R. 6780) to remove the charge of desertion Oregon-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. against Frederick Mad.aka and grant him an honorable discharge- By Mr. MERCER: A bill (H. R. 6772) for the establishment of to the Committee on Military Affairs. a general depot of the Quartermaster's Department of the United Also, a bill (H. R. 6781) to remove the charge of desertion States Army at Omaha., Nebr.-to the Committee on Military against William Bode and grant him an honorable discharge-to Affairs. the Committee on Military Mairs. By Mr. NORTON of Ohio: A bill (H, R. 6773) authorizing the Also, a bill (H. R. 6782) to remove the charge of desertion extension of Welling place-to the Committee on the District of against John Breslin and grant him an honorable dischaTge-to Columbia. , the Committee on.Military Affairs. 972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 18, ~

By Mr. BURKETT: A bill (H. R. 6783) granting a pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6822) for the relief of Serena M. Clay, of Moses Davis-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Toronto, Kans.-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. CROMER: A bill (H. R. 6784) granting a pension to By Mr. McLAIN: A bill (H. R. 6823) to correct the military Henry H. Neff, of Winchester, Randolph County, Ind,-to the record of Charles M. Gordon-to the Committee on Military Committee on Invalid Pensions. Affairs. By Mr. DALY of New Jersey: A bill (H. R. 6785) to increase By Mr. OLMSTED: A bill (H. R. 6824) granting a pension t.o the pension of Maria Egan, widow of Michael Egan, late captain Rev. Stephen W. Pomeroy-to the Committee on Invalid Pen· Company G, Eighty-eighth New York Volunteers-to the Com­ sions. mittee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6825) granting a pension to Miss Mary Shif­ By Mr. DE ARMOND: A bill (H. R. 6786) for the relief of W. fler-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. Hutchinson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6826) granting a pension to Thomas Lara,. By Mr. FLYNN: A bill (H. R. 6787) to pension Edwin A. Wil­ more-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. son-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By. Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 6827) for Also, a bill (H. R. 6788) for the relief of John Kingston-to the the relief of Eliza M. Abbott-to the Committee on Claims. Committee on War Claims. . By Mr. SPRAGUE: A bill (H. R. 6828) granting an increase Also (by request), a bill (H. R. 6789) granting pension to Mar­ of pension to Adelaide E. Palmer-to the Committee on Invalid tha L. Sheridan-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Pensions. By Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 6790) Also, a bill (H. R. 6829). granting an increase of pension io for the relief of the Globe Works, of Boston, Mass.-to the Com­ John K. Crosby-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 6830) granting an increase of pension to John By Mr. FOSS: A bill (H. R. 6791) granting privilege of reenlist­ Cairo-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ment to Charles Campbell-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 6831) granting a pension to Frances E. Wild, ' By Mr. GARDNER of New Jersey: A bill (H. R. 6792) for the widow of Edward A. Wild, late brigadier-general, United States relief of John Stull-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Volunteers-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. GLYNN: A bill (H. R. 6793) for the relief of Samuel By Mr. SUTHERLAND: A bill (H. R. 6832) to correct the mil­ Gibbons-to the Committee on Military Affairs. itary record of Albert Thurber-to the Committee on Military Af­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6794) to pension Rosanna Early Macfarlane­ fairs. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6833) to increase the pension of George Bel- Also, a bill (H. R. 6795) for the rellef of Daniel Leary-to the lamy-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. _ Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 6834) t-0 increase the pension of Nathan W. By Mr. HAMILTON: A bill (H. R. 6796) granting a pension to Snee-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Joseph H. Failes-t-0 the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By l\Ir. SIBLEY: A bill (H. R. 6835) to pension Caroline S. By Mr. ffiTT: A bill (H. R. 6797) granting a pension to Martha. Humphrey-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. C. M. Fisher-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6836) to remove charge of desertion against By Mr. KETCHAM: A bill (H. R. 6798) for the relief of Oliver Henry Dykeman-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Halsey-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 6837) for the relief of the heirs of A. Law• By Mr. LYBRAND: A bill (H. R. 6799) granting a pension to rence Foster-to the Committee on War Claims. Rosana Mock, widow of Taylor Mock, Company E, Thirteenth By Mr. THROPP: A bill (H. R. 6838) to correct military record United States Infantry-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of John Piles and remove charge of desertion therefrom-to the By Mr. LAMB: A bill (H. R. 6800) for increase of pension of Committee on Military Affairs. Maurice M. Woodbury-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.· Also, a bill (H. R. 6839) to correct the military record of Peter By Mr. MAHON: A bill (H. R. 6801) granting a pension to Bader-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Margaret Eleanor McCoy, widow of Col. Thomas F. McCoy-to Also, a bill (H. R. 6840) granting a pension to Mrs. Catharine the Committee on Invalid Pensions. McMullen-to the Committee on Pensions. By :Mr. MERCER: A bill (H. R. 6802) to grant a pension to By Mr. WACHTER: A bill (H. R. 6841) for the relief of Julia Rev. Warren Cochran, of Omaha, Nebr.-to the Committee on Nolan-to the Committee on War Claims. Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6842) removing charge of desertion against By Mr. MARSH: A bill (H. R. 6803) granting an increase of John Benson, late seaman on the United States steamship Iro• pension to James Grazier-to the Committee onlnvalidPensions. quois-to the Committee on Military Affairs. · By Mr. MILLER: A bill (H. R. 6804) granting a pension to Sarah Berry-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6843) to remove the charge of desertion Also, a bill (H. R. 6805) grantingapension to Mrs. S. T. Emery, against Lorenzo Dorritee, deceased, late of Company I, Third widow of Obadiah German-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Maryland Infantry-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 6844) increasing the pension of Margaret sions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6806) granting a pension to Salva Vance-to Engelhardt, widow of Frederick Engelhardt, late private in Com· the Committee on Invalid Pensions. pany B, Volunteer Cavalry-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6807) granting a pension to Letetia Fowler­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6845) for the relief of Carl Jordan and resto­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ration to the pension roll-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6808) granting a pension to Maria 'rripp-to Also, a bill (H. R. 6846) for the relief of Julia Nolan-to the the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6809) granting a pension to Mrs. Thomas Also, a bill (H. R. 6847) removing charge of desertion against Russell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Thomas Saville, late lieutenant and captain, First Maryland Vol­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6810) granting an increase of pension to Peter unteer Infantry-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Anderson, of Strong City, Kans.-to the Committee on Invalid 'Also, a bill (H. R. 6848) increasing the pension of John Clark, Pensions. late of Company B, Second Regiment Iowa Cavalry Volnnteers­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6811) granting a pension to Matilda Taylor, to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Yates Center, Kans.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a. bill (H. R. 6849) increasing the pension of David E. Also, a bill (H. R. 6812) granting a pension to W. A. Shannon­ Hall-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi: A bill (H. R. 6850) for the Also, a bill (H. R. 6813) granting a pension to Anna C. Wal­ relief of Ellen Mary Anderson, of Heidelberg, Miss.-to the Com­ quist-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 6814) granting a pension to Mary A. Wat­ By Mr. WATERS: A bill (H. R. 6851) granting a pension to kins, of Quenemo, Kans.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Charles E. Colton-to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6815) granting a pension to Franklin Ban­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6852) for the relief of Sarah A. Cady-to the non-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Military Affairs. · Also, a bill (H. R. 6816) gmnting a pension to D. H. Hazzard­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6853) granting a pension to George W. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Frasher-to the Committee on Pensions. - Also. a bill (H. R. 6817) granting a pension to Eunice L God­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6854) to increase the pension of FrederickW. frey, of Madison, Kans.-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Kellogg-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6818) granting a pension to Mrs. Ann Smith­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6855) granting a pension toAnnie C.Fletcher­ to the Committee on Invalid .f>ensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6 19) for the relief of Mathew Cowley-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 6856) to remove charge of desertion from the Committee on Invalid Pensions. military record of John O'Mara-to the Committee on Military Also, a bill (H. R. 6820) for the relief of Mrs. I. J. Russell-to Affairs. · the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. WILLIAM E. WILLIAMS: A bill (H. R. 6857) to re­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6821) for the relief of E. N. Smith-to the move the charge of desertion from the record of Luther Cline-to Committee on Claims. the Committee on Military Affairs. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 973

Also. a bill (H. R. 6858) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. HAUGEN: Petition of T. H. Sheckler and others of Samuel Miller-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Nora Springs, Iowa, mass meeting at Nashua, Iowa, and synod By Mr. YOUNG of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 6859) for the of the Presbyterian Church of Iowa, against the seating of B. H. relief of Helen Gillen, widow of Daniel F. Gillen, late captain Roberts as a Representative from Utah, and for an amendment Company I, Sixty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers-to to the Constitution making polygamy a crime-to the Special Com­ the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on the B. H. Roberts Case. Also, a bill (H. R. 6860) to increase the pension of Charles Wil­ By Mr. JONES of Washington: Petition of American citizens liams, late captain Company A, Eighty-second Regiment Penn­ protesting against the locating of claims in Alaska by power of sylvania Volunteer Infantry-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ attorney, etc.-to the Committes on the Public Lands. sions. By Mr. JOY: Petition of the Woman Suffrage Association of Also, a bill (H. R. 6861) to grant Samuel S. Boyer, late first Missouri, for equality of rights for the women of Hawaii, Puerto lieutenant and assistant surgeon, Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volun­ Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines-to the Committee on .Insular teers, a pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 6862) granting a pension to James D. Gay­ By Mr. KETCHAM: PaperstoaccompanyHonse billcorrecting to the Committee on In valid Pensions. the record of Oliver Halsey-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Also, a bill ( H. R. 6863) to remove the charge of desertion from By Mr. MCALEER: Resolutions of the Board of Trade of Phila­ the record of Walter E. Duncan-to the Committee on Military delphia, Pa., in favor of the appointment of a commission to study Affairs. the industrial and commercial conditions of the Chinese Empire­ By Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine: A bill (H. R. 6864) for the relief to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. of Joseph Courts, late of United States revenue cutter Toucey-to By Mr. McCLEARY: Resolutions of the Minnesota State Agri­ the Committee on Invalid Pensions. cultural Society, with reference to the bill for the encouragement By Mr. CANNON: A bill (H. R. 6865) for the relief of Jacob A. of the American merchant marine-to the Committee on the Mer­ Henry-to the Committee on Claims. chant Marine and Fisheries. Also, a bill (H. R. 6866) to amend the military record of James By Mr. MAHON: Papers to accompany House bill granting a Roche-to the Committee on Military Affairs. pension to Margaret Eleanor McCoy, widow of Col. Thomas F. By Mr. GIBSON: A bill (H. R.6867) for the relief of Eli Sharp­ McCoy, deceased-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Wai· Claims. By Mr. MARSH: Petition of A. J. Kalb, of Quincy, ill., relating to the stamp tax on medicines, perfumery, and cosmetics-to the Committee on Ways and Means. PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. MERCER: Resolutions of the First Regiment, Vicks­ Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, thefollowingpetitions and papers burg Command, Union Veterans' Union, of Omaha, ~ebr., pro­ were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: testing against the passage of House bill No. 3899-to the Com­ By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Hatters' Fur Industry of mittee on Agriculture. New York City, protesting against the ratification of the reci­ By Mr.. OLMSTED: Petition of druggists of Lebanon, Pa., H. E. procity treaty with France-to the Committee onForeignAffairs. Keller, George W. 8mith, and J, E. Slothower, of Harrisburg, Also, memorial of the Philadelphia Board of Trade, concerning Pa., relating to the stamp tax on medicines, etc.-to the Commit­ banking and currency-to the Committee on Banking and Cur­ tee on Ways and Means. rency. Also, petition·of the employees of the Harrisburg, Pa., post-office, By Mr. ADAMS: Resolutions of the Philadelphia Board of favoring the passageof House bill No. 4351-to the Committee on Trade, favoring the appointment of a commission to study and the Post-Office and Post-Roads. report upon the industrial and commercial conditions of China-­ ,Also, petition of G. A. Gardner and othel's, of Harrisburg, P&., to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. and vicinity, favoring a bill providing for thereclassifiation of the By Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine: Paper to accompany House bill Railway Mail Service-to the Committee on the Post-Office and for the relief of Joseph Courts-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Post-Roads. sions. By Mr. POWERS: Petitionof druggists of Burlington, Vt., for By Mr. BURKETT: Resolution of the Central Labor Union of the repeal of the stamp tax on proprietary medicines-to the Com­ Washington, D. C., in opposition to section 3 of Honse bill No. mittee on Ways and Means. 5486-to the Committee on the Census. By Mr. RAY of New York: Petition of J. W. Merchant, of . Also, resolutions of the Nebraska Dairymen's As_sociation for a Whitney Point, N. Y., for the passage of a bill relating to dairy law taxing butter imitations-to the Committee on Ways and food and products-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Means. · Commerce. Also, petition of the Chamber of Commerce of New York for By Mr. ROBER TS of Massachusetts: Petition of post-office clerks . equipment of coast artillery for defense-to the Committee on of Charlestown station of the Boston post-office and of the Lynn, Appropriations. Mass., post-office, favoring the passage of House bill No. 4351, for By Mr. CRAWFORD: Petition of dental surgeons of North the reclassification of postal clerks-to the Committee on the Post­ Carolina, favoringtheappointmentof dentalsurgeonsin theArmy Office and Post-Roads. and Navy-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Petition of Oscar M. Holcomb, By Mr. DALZELL: Resolution of the Philadelphia Board of for legislation for Mexican soldiers-to the Committee on Pensions. Trade, in favor of a commission to study and report upon the in­ By Mr. ROBINSON of Nebraska: Petition of the Woman Suf­ dustrial and commercial conditions of China-to the Committee fragists of Nebraska, against the insertion of the word ''male" in on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. the suffrage clauses of the constitutions of Hawaii, Cuba, etc.-to By:riir. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts: MemorialoftheNew the Committee on Insular Affairs. York Chamber of Commerce, in favor of the increase of coast artil­ By Mr. SHACKLEFORD: Petition of citizens of Jefferson City, lery-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Mo., in favor of House bill No. 4351-to the Committee on the Also, petition of the Marine Society of the City of New York, in Post-Office and Post-Roads. favor of the shipping bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. SPERRY: Petition of Charles Bigelow and others, ask­ Also, resolution of the New England Shoe and Leather Associa­ ing for the repeal of the stamp tax upon proprietary medicines, tion, asking that the treaty with France be amended so as not to etc.-to the Committee on Ways and Means. - discriminate against American leather-to the Committee on For­ By Mr. STEELE: Petition of P.H. McGreevy, of Peru, Ind., , eign Affairs. favoring a bill providing for the reclassification of the Railway By Mr. FITZGERALD of New York: Petition of citizens of the Mail Service-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. borough of Brooklyn of the city of New York, protesting against By Mr. SULZER: Petition of John H. Weil and H. G. Beek­ the proposed consolidation of the post-office in the borough of man, of New York City, N. Y., for the i·epealof the stamp tax on Brooklyn with the post-office in the borough of Manhattan in the proprietary medicines--to the Committee on Ways and Means. city of New York-to the Committee on the Post-Office and·Post­ By Mr. THROPP: Papers to accompany bill granting a pension Roads. to Mrs. Catharine McMullen-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. GAMBLE: Memorial of the New York Chamber of Also, petition of post-office clerks at Altoona, in favor of the Commerce, in favor of the increase of coastartillery-to the Cam­ passage of House bill No. 4351-to the Committee on the Post-Office mi ttee on Mill tary Affairs. and Post-Roads. By Mr. GARDNER of New Jersey: Petition of clerks of the Also, paper_ to accompany Honse bill to remove the charge of post-office at Atlantic City, N. J., favoring the passage of Honse desertion against the military record of John Piles-to the Com­ bill No. 4351, for the classification of post-office clerks-to the Com­ mittee on Military Affairs. mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Also, statement to accompany Honse bill to correct the military By Mr. GREENE of Massachusetts: Papers to accompany record of Peter Bader-to the Committee on l\1ilitary Affairs. House bill No. 318, to amend the record of Philip M. Topham-to By Mr. WARNER: Protests of citizens of the counties of Cham­ the Committee on Naval Affairs. paign and McLean, State of Illinois, against the seating of B. H. 974 CONGRESSION?AL RECORD-SEN ATE. JANUARY 19,

Roberts, of Utah-to the Special Committee on the B. H. Roberts Nicaragua. Canal and for its absolute control by the Government Case. of the United States; which was ordered to lie on the table. By Mr. WILSON of New York: Petition of the citizens of the He also presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce of borough of Brooklyn, N. Y., against the consolidation of the San Francisco, Cal., praying for the enactment of legislation to Brooklyn and New York post-offices-to the Committee on the Post­ prevent the adulteration of food and liquors; which was referred Office and Post-Roads. to the Committee on Manufactures. By Mr. YOUNG of Pennsylvania: Memorial of the American He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of San Francisco, League, of Philadelphia, Pa., favoring peace with honor to the Oakland, Los Angeles, and Alameda, all in the State of Califor­ Philippines, and to secure a sound basis for reconstruction in the nia, praying that the Chinese restriction law be so amended as to islands-to the Committee on Insular Affairs. permit Chinese Christian converts to bring their families into the Also, petition of the Philadelphia, Pa., Board of Trade, ur~g United States; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign the appointment of a commission to study and report upon the Reiations. industrial and commercial conditions in China-to the Committee Mr.CULLOl\I presented petitions of sundryrailwaymailclerks on Foreign Affairs. of Danville, Elgin, and Mendota, all in the State of Illinois, pray­ ing for the enactment of legislation providing for the classification of clerks in first and second class post-offices; which were referred SEN.ATE. to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. He also presented the petition of Dr. Arthur R. Reynolds1 com­ FRIDAY, January 19, 1900. missioner of health, department of health, Chicago, Ill., praying for the enactment of legislation to secure information regarding The Senate met at 12 o'clock m. the sanitary character of all public water supplies; which was re­ Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. ferred to the Committee on Commerce. The Secretary proceeded to read the J onrnal of yest.erday's pro­ Mr. CLARK of Montana presented a petition of sundry railway ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. SCOTT, and by unanimous con­ mail clerks of Butte, Mont., praying for the enactment of legisla­ sent, the further reading was dispensed with. tion providing for the classification of clerks in first and second The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Journal, without objec­ class post-offices; which was referred to the Committee on Post­ tion, will stand approved. Offices and Post-Roads. B. GEORGETOWN BARGE, DOCK, ELEVATOR AND RAILWAY COMPANY. Mr. SEWELL presented the petition of F. Everitt and 22 other 0 citizens of Trenton, N. J., praying for the adoption of an amend­ The PRESIDENT pro temporelaid before the Senate the annual ment to the Constitution to prohibit polygamy; which was re­ report of the Georgetown Barge, Dock, Elevator and Railway ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1899; which was He also presented a petition of sundry railway mail clerks of referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia, and ordered Dover, N. J., praying for the enactment of legislation providing to be printed. for the claBsification of clerks in first and second class post-offices; which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post­ JUDGMENTS IN INDIAN DEPREDATION CLAIMS. Roads. The PRESIDENT pro .tempore. The Chair lays before the Mr. DAVJ..q presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce Senate a communication from the Attorney-General, transmit­ of St. Paul, Minn., praying that certain Indian reservations be ting, in response to a resolution of the 17th instant,,a list of all withheld from public sale for national-park purposes; which was judgments for Indian depredation claims that have been rendered referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. by the Court of Claims and are not included in his last report. He also presented a petition of the State Agricultural Society of The Chair is uncertain whether the communication should go Minnesota, praying for theadoptionof asystemof bounties on the to the Committee on Claims or to the Committee on Indian Dep­ exportation of brea