The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009.

Index

Aachen, 13 152; information management, 143–52; Absolutism, 12 and politics, 142 Académie d’Architecture, 100 Archives, 7, 11; archival pillages, 101–8, Académie des Beaux-Arts, 100 126; de Brienne archive, 103; Colbert Académie des Belles-Lettres de Caen, and archives, 37, 104–12; colonial 123–24 archives, 113–19; Dutch archives, 24; Académie des Inscriptions et Belles- ecclesiastical archives, 103–6; Fouquet’s Lettres, 100, 109, 128 archive, “la Cassette de Fouquet,” 46; Académie des Inscriptions et Médaillons, French parliamentary archives, 43–44, 100 108; French state archives, 28–30, Académie des Sciences, 100, 109 101–8; Fugger family archive, 19; ge- Académie Française, 31 nealogical archives, 182–83; medieval Académie Française de Rome, 100 archives, 14–15; nineteenth- Académie Politique of de Torcy, 156 century centralizing state archives, Accounting, 18, 34, 36, 54–58; and Louis 158–59; openness and archives, 166; XIV, 60–66 and Orientalism, 105–7; permanent Agendas, 6, 18; made for Louis XIV, state archives, 158; Renaissance 51–66; of Seignelay, 89 archives, 16; and royal authority, 162; D’Aguesseau, Henri de, intendant, 91 searchable archives, 158; and secrecy, Alberti, Leon Battista, 54, 57 166; Spanish Archives, 19–21 Amelot de La Houssaye, Abraham- Archivio di Stato di Torino, 163 Nicolas, 54, 57 Archivio Segreto del Vaticano, 22, 28 American Historical Association, 11 Arnoul, Nicolas, intendant, 73–74, 106 Amsterdam, 24–25 Arnoul, Pierre, ‹ls, intendant, 78–79 Ancient Constitution, the, 13, 29, 31, Ars apodemica, 70–72 49 Ars mercatoria, 18, 35 Ann of Austria, Queen of France, 38, 58 Atlantic World, lack of concept of, 115, Antiquarianism, 25–33; and government, 118

269 The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. 270 index

d’Aubarède, Vincent, Père, 141 Bourgogne, Louis, ‹ls de France, duke Augsburg, 19 de, 125, 159 d’Avity, Pierre, 71 Bourzeis, Aimable, abbé, 108, 122 Boutigny, Roland Le Vayer de, inten- Bacon, Francis, 5, 8, 9, 97 dant, 151 Bagni, Nicola Guidi di, cardinal, 39 Boyle, Robert, 115 Bale, John, 22 Bracciolini, Poggio, 16, 17 Baluze, Étienne, 1, 7, 101, 108; adminis- Brienne, Antoine de Loménie, comte de, ters Colbert’s library, 111–13; manages 103 information for the Affair of the régale, Brienne, Henri-Auguste de Loménie, 143–52; and New World archives, 116; comte de, 29; archive of, 103 serves Seignelay, 156; trains with Ma- Brunelleschi, Filippo, 54, 57 billon, 121–14; works with La Reynie, Bruno, Giordano, 24 133 Budé, Guillaume, 30 banking, 18, 24 Bullion, Claude de, 53 Barnier, François, 105 Bureaucracy, 3, 11; Colbert’s reforms of Baronius, Cesar, cardinal, 22, 145 the intendancy, 67; Foucault’s training Barret-Kriegel, Blandine, 9 for, 123–26; Jesuit, 23, 29, 31; and Bastille, the prison of, 130, 138 scholarship, 106; Spanish, 20; and the Bayle, Pierre, 101, 136, 139 Terror, 166 Beauvilliers, Paul, duke de Saint-Aignan Busbeque, Ogier Ghislain de, 105 et de, 159 Bellinzani, Francesco, 76, 117 Call numbers, 93 Benedictines, 120, 146 Cambridge University, 1 Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 100 Cambridge Modern History, 15 Besson, Joseph, père, 106–7 Canada, 113–19 bibliophilia, 17–18, 102, 104, 162 Carcassonne, 104 Bibliotheca San Marco, 21, 28 Carcavy, Pierre, 99 biblioteca selecta, 95–97, 111 cartography, 71–72, 76 Bibliothèque Mazarine, 40–43 Casa de Contratacíon, 20, 28 Bibliothèque Nationale, 8 Cassini, Giovanni Domenico, 8, 76, Bicci, Averardo Francesco di, 55 99 Biterne, Law Firm of, 35 Castiglione, Baldessare, 54 Blair, Ann, 23 Castille, 18 Blois, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, catalogs, 146 mademoiselle de, 51 categories, 5 Blondel, François, 110 Catherine II, the Great, Tsarina of Rus- Blotius, Hugo, 70, 95–97 sia, 162 Bodin, Jean, 30 Catinat de Vaugelay, Pierre, Président de, Boislisle, Arthur de, 9 81 Bookkeeping, double-entry, 18, 35, Caulet, François-Étienne, bishop, 53–58; naval, 74–76 140–42, 149 Boniface VIII, Benedetto Caetani, pope, censorship, 130–39 141 the church, and paperwork, 13–14, 16; Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne, bishop, 151 scholars of, 120–23 Botero, Giovanni, 55 Central Intelligence Agency, 12 Bouhours, Dominique, père de, 87 Chambers, Ephraïm, 195 Boulainvilliers, Henri, comte de, 159–60 Chambre des Comptes, 28, 123, 151 The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. Index 271

Chamlay, Jean-Louis Bolé, marquis de, brary of 1–3, 95–119, 121, 145; library, 157 sale of, 156; lobby of, 68; and Louis Champaigne, Philippe de, 4 XIV, relationship to and education of, Chapelain, Jean, 101, 157; family ac- 51–52, 59–64; and Louis XIV, reports counting ‹rm of, 35 to, 91; and Mazarin, 35–40; and Charlemagne, 14, 140 Mazarin’s library, 40–43; and merchant Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 54 culture, 34–35; and Gabriel Naudé, Charles VIII, King of France, 109, 141 39–42; original name of Mississippi Charles IX, King of France, 30 River, 113; and paperwork, 4, 6, 8, 36; Charron, Pierre, 58 and the Paris Parlement, 43, 47–49; Chevreuse, Charles Honoré d’Albert, Paris Parlement, con›ict with, 80–81; duke de Luynes, de Chaulnes et de, Paris Parlement, regulation of, 69; and 159 the Republic of Letters, 127; reputa- Choppin, René, 28 tion and historical image, 3–5; rise to chorography, 71 power, chap. 3; Royal Library, 4, 42, Christina, Queen of Sweden, 41 94–101; and science, 98–104; secrecy Cicero, 2 of, 44, 47–48 Clanchy, M. T., 15 Colbert, Édouard François, comte de Clément, Nicolas, 122 Maulévrier, 155 Clément, Pierre, 6 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, marquis de clerks, 30 Seignelay, education, 84–88; makes en- Clermont, Collège de, 87, 89, 123 quêtes; and note-taking, 89–93; policy Clinton, William Jefferson, 12 letters, 138–37; takes over from his fa- Cluny, 15 ther, 153 Clusius, Carolus, 19 Colbert, Marie Charron, 36 Coffee Houses, 10 Colbert, Nicolas, archbishop, 84 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste: and accounting, Colbert de Croissy, Charles, intendant, 34, 36, 50, 60–66; and archives, 7, Ambassador, 74, 77, 81, 111–12 107–12; book collector, 101–8, Colbert de Terron, Jean, intendant, 45, 126–27; and bookkeeping, 35; collapse 73–74, 79, 84 of his ministry, 156; and colonial pol- Colbert de Torcy, Jean-Baptiste, foreign icy, 113–19; correspondence of, minister, archive and information sys- 137–39; death, 153; education of, tem of, 156–57 34–36; family, 34; and ‹nance, 34; and collecting, 19, 101–8, 127 ‹nancial management, 38; fortune of, Collegio Romano, 22 36–37; and Foucault, 123–26; his son, colonies, 113–19 88–93; and historiographical culture, Commines, Philippe, de, 109 127–29; information management, 7; Committee of Public Safety, 165 information management, blueprint for Communication Networks, 10 his system of, 86; information manage- Congress of the United States, 11 ment, collapse of his system, 154–59; Conring, Herman, 101, 127 information management, cross-check- Corregidores, 72 ing, 78; information management and Cotelier, Jean-Baptiste, 105 intendants, 68–73; information man- Cotton, Robert, 8, 27–28 agement and navy, 73–75; information Council of Finances, 53, 60 management systems, 12, 41; innova- Counter, or Catholic Reform, 53, 143 tions, 163–65; and Jesuits, 34; and La Cour des Aides, 81–82 Reynie, 133–39; legacy of, 163–65; li- Courtilz de Sandras, Gatien, 4 The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. 272 index

Cramoisy, Sébastien Marbre, 102 enquêtes, 67, 69, 77; Seignelay trains to credit, 160–61 write them, 155 Creil, Jean de, intendant, 81 d’Épernon, Bernard de Nogaret de La curia regia, 29 Valette, duke, 131 curiosity, 19; Colbert’s lack of in the Erasmus, Desiderius, 57 New World, 114, 119 Escorial, el, 20 Evans, R. J. W., 9 Dafforne, Richard, 56 D’Alembert, Jean Le Rond, 4 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 12 Dallek, Robert, 11 Félibien, André, 110 D’Artagnan, Charles de Batz-Castelmore, Fermat, Pierre de, 95 46 Fernandez de Oviedo, Gonzalo, 114 Dassié, F., 110 Files, 17, 23; Colbert’s ‹les, 116, 122; data, management, 23; search, 146–52 Colbert’s ‹le on the régale, 147; of po- de’Barbari, Jacopo, 55 lice, 80; Seignelay’s ‹les, 89–93, 108 Delamare, Nicolas, 131, 133 ‹nance, 18, 34; and openness, or trans- Descartes, René, 3, 5, 41 parency, 159–61 Desmaretz, Nicolas, 154–55 Flacius, Mathias, 22 Dessert, Daniel, 68 Florence, Italy, 10, 16–19, 98 Diderot, Denis, 4–5, 95, 110 Foucault, Joseph-Nicolas, marquis de diplomatica, 101, 121 Magny, 43, 48, 78, 80, 90, 123–28, Diplomats, 17–18, 70–71 137, 141–42 Doat, Jean, Président de, 104 Foucault, Michel, 9 Dodart, Denis, 110 Fouillac, Antoine Raymonde, abbé de, Doomsday Book, 15 124 Doujat, Jean, 80 Fouquet, Nicolas, marquis de Belle-Isle, Dreyfus, Alfred, 11, 165 vicomte de Melun et Vaux, 43–47; Du Cange, Charles du Fresne, sieur, 31, Cassette, or archive of, 46–47; library, 105 102 Dumoulin, Charles, 28 François I, King of France, 30 Dupuy Academy, 31 Frederick II, the Great, King of Prussia, Dupuy, Jacques, 27–28, 31, 94, 100, 145, 162 161 Freedom of Information Act, 11 Dupuy, Pierre, 27–28, 31–33, 100, 145, Fronde, the, 35, 40, 130, 131 161 Fugger, Anton, 19, 144 Durey de Meinières, Jean-Baptiste Fugger, Jakob, 19 François, 161 Fulda, 15 Du Tillet, Jean the elder, 30, 33, 89, 102 Galileo, 8, 24 Galison, Peter, 11 East India Company (VOC), 24–25 Galland, Antoine, 125 Eastern manuscripts, 104–6 Gallicanism, 22, 27–32, 107, 123–25, Ecclesiastical scholars, 120–23, 144 140–42, 145, 151 Edict of Nantes, 155 Gallois, Jean, abbé de 144, 147–50 Encyclopédie, 4–5, 95, 110, 161 Gardiner, George, 116 encyclopedism, 94–101, 104 Gates, Bill, 163 England, 18, 21; government and infor- Gaudais-Dupont, Louis, 113 mation, 26–27; treaties with, 111–13 genealogy, policy of, 82 The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. Index 273

Genoa, 16, 19 nial affairs, 114; cross-checking, 79; geography, 71–72 and genealogy, 82; handling and man- German states, 18 agement of, 23, 41, 52, 56, 62–66; and Gesner, Conrad, 23, 58, 95 ministry of foreign affairs, 156; and Godefroy, Denis II, 128 navy, 73–76; networks, 10, 12; over- Godefroy, Théodore, 29–31, 89, 102, 104 load, 77; and the Parlement, 161–62; Google, 2, 7 and politics, 144–52; retrieval of, 146; government; and paperwork, 6, 22, 60; war room, 148–52 and antiquarianism, 25–33, 69 informants, political, 80; religious, 15, 76 Gracián, Balthasar, 53 informers, 69, 72 Grafton, Anthony, 99 Innocent XI, Benedetto Odescalchi, Grands Jours d’Auvergne, 82 pope, 141 Gregory XV, Alessandro Ludovisi, pope, Intelligence, 12, 68, 72, 80; and historical 22 documents, 129; scienti‹c, 99 Grotius, Hugo, 26, 28, 41, 54 intendants, 67; and enquêtes, 77; as in- Grub Street, 139 formers, 72; and navy, 73–76 Guicciardini, Francesco, 17–18 investiture crises, 140–41 Guise, Henri II, duke de, 38 James I, King of England, 97 Habermas, Jürgen, 10 Jansenism, 105, 121, 133–34, 144 Hague, the, 24 Jarry, Nicolas, 65 Hapsburg, empire, 25 Jefferson, Thomas, 117–18 Harlay, Achilles de, 151 Jesuits, 5, 6, 12; and bureaucracy, 23; and Harlay de Champvallon, François de, 30, education of Colbert’s son, 89–93; and 108, 151 New World, 114, 117, 118; and sci- Heinsius, Nicolas, 28, 127 ence, 98; and travel, 70–71 Henry IV, King of France, 29, 52–53, 103 Journal (Giornale), 55–56, 62 Henry VIII, King of England, 141 Hérouard, Jean, 58 Kelley, Donald, 30 Hevelius, Johannes, 101 King, James E., 9 history, and politics, 127–29 Kircher, Athanasius, 8, 23, 104–5 Hobbes, Thomas, 97 Koselleck, Reinhard, 10 Holland, 18; Dutch Revolt, 21; Dutch Kunstkammern, 71 Wars, 122; French competition with, 76; radical books from, 136–39; trade Laffemas, Barthélemy de, 57 empire, 24–25 La Fosse, Conseiller de, 46 d’Hozier, Charles-René, 83 La Hire, Philippe de, 8 humanism, 16–19; Colbert’s distaste for, Lamoignon, Guillaume de Malesherbes, 109; decline of political humanism, Président de, 47 39–40; and political pedagogy, 52; La Mothe Lavayer, François de, 58–59 practical humanism and accounting, La Reynie, Gabriel-Nicolas, lieutenant 54–55 général du Châtelet, 8; education, 131; Huygens, Christian, 8, 99, 127 governing Paris, 132; policing of let- ters, 130–39; works with Baluze, 133 Ianziti, Gary, 17 La Salle, Jean-Baptiste, chevalier de, 114, information, 6; Amsterdam, 24–25; Col- 118 bert’s orders concerning, 77; Colbert’s Lavisse, Ernst, 6, 8, 67 system of, 97; collection, 68; and colo- Law, John, 160 The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. 274 index

Lecointe, Charles, 110 Louvois, Camille Le Tellier, abbé de, 158 ledgers, 54–58 Louvois, François Michel Le Tellier, Le Gallois, Jean, 100 marquis de, 157–58 Legal reforms, 47–49 Louvre, palais du, 95; and the royal press, Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr 109 von, 146 Luther, Martin, 141 Le Laboureur, Jean, 161 Lyon, 18 Le Maistre, 28 Le Nôtre, André, 1 Mabillon, don Jean de, 101, 121–23 Léonard, Frédéric, 102 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 17 Le Paige, Louis-Sébastien, 161 Malesherbes, Guillaume-Chrétien de Le Pelletier, Claude de, 154–55, 157 Lamoignon de, 135–61 Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel, 67 Mallet, Roland, 57 Le Tellier, Michel, 35–36, 45; family, Malynes, Girard, 116 154–55 maps, 71–72, 76, 95; Native American, libraries: and the Encyclopédie, 5; 117 Mazarine library, 102; and science, 1, Marca, Pierre de, archbishop, 28, 121, 98–104. See also Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 143–44 library Maridor, Jean, Président de, 47 Library, Royal, 1, 7, 8, 28, 83, 94–107; Marie-Thérèse d’Espagne, Queen of and Louvois family, 158; taken from France, 51, 122 Colbert’s control, 154–56 Marle, Bernard-Hector de, intendant, 79, library science, 7 81 Lionne, Hugues de, 51 Marsilius of Padua, 141 Lipsius, Justus, 39, 53–54 Mascranni, banking house, 35 Lister, Martin, 1–2, 95 Mason Lodges, 10 Livy, 129 Maurice of Nassau, 53 Locke, John, 5 Mazarin, Cardinal Jules de, 3, 29, 33; and longitude, 8 Colbert, 35–39, 43–44, 51; and educa- Longueil, René de, 80 tion of Louis XIV, 89, 129; library of, Longueville, Henri II d’Orléans, duke de, 40–43, 102 97 McKenzie, Donald F., 115 Louis, Grand Dauphin de France, 50, Medici, bank, 18, 54; family, 34 60 Medici, Cosimo de’, 18 Louis XI, King of France, 109 Medici, Marie de’, Queen of France, Louis XIII, King of France, 103, 143 57 Louis XIV, 5, 6, 12, 13, 33, 39, 43, 44, Mellis, John, 56 47–49; breaks up Colbert’s ministry Mercantilism, 3, 7, 164 and system, 154–59; and clandestine Merchants, 18; culture of, 34–35, 62–66; literature, 139; and colonies, 114; edu- code of, 86 cation, 58–65; Friday morning reports Merovingians, 13 from Colbert, 91; patronage, 101, 104; Mesme, Henri, président de, 188 reading enquêtes, 77; relationship with Mézéray, François-Eudes, 128 Colbert, 50–52; and the right of régale, Milan, 16–18 140–43 Ministry of Finance, 154; falls out of con- Louis XV, 135; purchases Colbert’s trol of Colbert family, 156 books, 157, 165 Mississippi River, originally called the Louis XVI, 135, 161, 165 Colbert River, 113 The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. Index 275

Modifort, Thomas, 116 Seignelay’s guide to state paperwork, Moissac, Abbey de, 124 89–90 Montaigne, Michel de, 58, 115 Parker, Geoffrey, 9 Montano, Benito Arias, 21 Parker, Matthew, 22 Montchrétien, Antoine de, 57–58, 70 Paris, 1, 18 Montespan, Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise Parlement of Paris, 28–33, 43–44, 67–68, de, 51, 157 80–81; and information, 161–62; and Montfaucon, Bernard de, 125–26 censorship, 133 Morales, Ambrosio de, 21, 26 Paul V, Camillo Borghese, pope, 21–23 Moreau, Jean-Jacob, 162 Pedagogy, 6, 52–54, 57; merchant, 86–87; Münster, Sebastian, 70 project for the duke de Bourgogne, 159 Napoléon, Bonaparte, 165 Peiresc, Nicolas Fabri de, 27, 30, 95, 100, Nattier, Marc, the elder, 85 102, 104–5, 125–26, 139 Naudé, Gabriel, 39–42, 58, 95, 102, Pellison-Fontanier, Paul, 128 108–9 Pellot, Claude, intendant, 81 navy, French, record and information pendulum clock, 8 systems, 73–76 Péré‹xe de Beaumont, Paul-Philippe, 58 Newton, Sir Isaac, 5 Perrault, Charles, 128–29 Niccoli, Niccolò, 102 Perrault, Claude, 109 Northumbria, 15 Petrarch, Franceso, 16 notebooks, 18, 48, 54; of Charles Per- Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia, 162 rault, 129; of intendants, 82; Louis XIV Petty, William, 69 (Carnets de Louis XIV), 64–66; of Philip the Fair, King of France, 141 Seignaly, 89 Philip II of Spain, 9, 19–21, 26, 68, 71; note taking, and accounting, 54–58; and compared to Colbert, 73, 77, 95, the Jesuits, 23; and Seignelay’s training, 113–14, 166 84–93 Philip V, King of Spain, 162 Philippe-Auguste, King of France, 67 Observatory, Royal, 8 philology, 17 Ogilvie, Brian, 70 Picard, Jean, 9 Openness, ‹nancial, 159–61 Pietro Leopoldo, Grand Duke of Tus- Orientalism, 105–7 cany, 10 Origen, Adamantius, 22 Pithou, Pierre, 28, 30–31, 145 d’Orléans, Philippe, duke de, 51 policing, of letters, 130–39; of Parlement, d’Orléans, Philippe, duke de, Regent of 80 France, 123 politeness, 10 Orta, Gracia da, 57 Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Ovando, Juan de, 114 Melo, conde de Oeiras, marques de, Oxenstierna af Södermöre, Axel Gustafs- 162 son, Chancellor of Sweden, 96 Pontchartrain, Jérôme Phélypeaux, comte de, 158 Pacioli, Luca, 54–57 portfolios, 8 Pallavicino, Sforza, 21 The Pragmatic Sanction, 141 Pamiers, 140–42 Presidential Records Act, 11 paperwork, 8, 14; and colonies, 113–19; printing, 24; regulation of Paris printers, and the Italian City States, 16; in 131–39 Spain, 20; and secrecy, 45, 59, 79; Priolo, Benjamin, 129 The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. 276 index

Propaganda, 128 Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, Protestants, 92, 105; policing of, 133–34 22 Public Sphere, 10–11 Sainte-Palaye, Jean-Baptiste de La Curne publishing, 41 de, 161 Pussort, Henri, 47–48 Saint Just, Antoine Louis Léon de Richebourg de, 165–66 radical Enlightenment, 133, 164 Sales, St. François de, 109 Ramus, Petrus, 57 Sallo, Denis de, 100, 136 Reagan, Ronald, 12 salons, 10 record keeping, 16–18, 56–58, 74, 107–9, Salutati, Coluccio, 17–18 121–23 Sandys, Sir Edwin, 26 reference system, 143–52 Sanson, Nicolas, 76 Reformation, 21–22, 141 Sarpi, Paolo, 8, 135 regal, royal right of, 126, 140–51 Savary, Jacques, 57, 86, 90, 110 registers, of state funds, 7, 28, 60–63, 89; Savoy, 162–63 parliamentary, 43 Scala, Bartolomeo, 17 reims, 34 science, 98–104 relaciones topográ‹cas, 20, 26, 68, 71, Scienti‹c Revolution, 3 113 scribes, in the navy, 74–75, 146 relations, 87 scriptoria, 13, 16 relazioni, 20 search engine, 7 Renaudot, Jacques, 136 secrecy, and archives, 107, 129–30; criti- Renaudot, Théophraste, 32, 136 cism of, 159–60; and the French reports, government, 27, 61; cross-check- monarchy, 47; and government reports ing of, 79; of intendants, 69, 73; of and memos, 80; and modern govern- Seignelay, 85 ment, 9–12, 29, 39, 44–45 Republic of Letters, the, 10, 27–28, 30; secret sphere, 33, 168 Colbert’s control of, 127, 163–64; and Secretaries, 29, 36, 44 libraries, 102; policing of, 133–39; and Séguier, Pierre, duke de Villemor, Chan- royal academies, 100 cellier de France, 30, 46 research, 97–104, 151 Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, 115 Revolution, the French, 108, 151, 160, Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, 163 marquise de, 3 Ribier, Guillaume, 129–30 Seville, 18, 20 Richelieu, Armand du Plessis, Cardinal Shapiro, Barbara, 71 de, 5, 29, 31, 34, 52–53, 58, 96, 100, Sharpe, Kevin, 9 143 Shils, Edward, 11 Richer, Jean, 110 Sienna, 16 Rigault, Nicolas, 30 Simancas, 20, 28 Rochefort, port of, 73–76, 84, 87, 114 Simon, Rochard, 134–35 Roman script, 17 Simonetta, Cicco, 17 Rome, 16, 17 Simonetta, Giovanni, 17 Royal Press, 109–10, 123 Smedley-Weill, Anette, 72 Royal Society, 98 Smith, Adam, 4 Rudolph II of Bohemia, Holy Roman Souchu de Rennefort, Urbain, 114 Emperor, 25, 120 Spain, 20–21, 98; and the Dutch archives, 29 Sacchini, Francesco, 23 Spanheim, Ezechiel, 4 The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. Index 277

Spinoza, Baruch, 5 Urban VIII, Maffeo Barberini, pope, 22 Staatenkunde, 9 Stasi, the, 165 Vallière, Louise de, 51 state information system, 22; Colbert’s Van Damme, Stéphane, 10 design for, 96; collapse of, 154; criti- Varillas, Antoine, 128 cism of, 159; managing of, 60, 67 Vatican, 17–18, 22–23 state secrecy, 9–12, 29, 39, 44–45, 80 Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre, marquis de, statistics, 72–73, 118 85, 111 Steven, Simon, 53–55 Vaux-le-Vicomte, 44–45 Strada, Octavio, 25 Venice, 16, 18; ambassadors, 20, 21; In- Sublet de Noyers, Françoise de, 35 terdict, 21–22; archival catalog, 22 Suetonius, 109 Vermandois, Louis de Bourbon, comte Sully, Maximillien de Bethune, duke de, de, 51 29; archives of, 108 Versailles, 3, 67, 95, 100; publications about, 110 Tacitus, 39, 53, 57, 129, 135 Vice President of the United State of Talon, Jean, 117–18 America, Of‹ce of, 11 Taxation, 68, 126 Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy, 163 Terence, 109 Vieira, Damiao, 116 The Terror, 165 Vinci, Leonarda da, 54, 57 The Thirty Years War, 53 Vossius, J. G., 127 Thou, Jacques-Auguste de, 8, 54, 95, 105, 139 Wansleben (Vanslèbe), Johann, Michael, travel, 70–72; as an element of Colbert’s pere, 106 training of Seignelay, 87; in the New Wars of Religion, 28 World, 114 Weber, Max, 3, 13, 15, 154 Trésor des Chartes, 28 West Indies, 24 Trichet du Fresne, Raphaël, 102 Williams, Robert, 56 Trithemius, Johannes, 22 Wolfenbüttel Library, 99–103, 146 trust, 160 Wotton, Sir Henry, 104 Tubeuf, Jacques, intendant, 37–38, 126 Turgot, Ann Robert Jacques, Baron de Ympyn, Jan, 56 Laune, 163–64 Zsámboky, Janos (Sambucus), 25 University of Pennsylvania, 137 Zwinger, Theodore, 70