DOCSLIB.ORG

An Analysisof Inferiority Complex of a Governess As Potrayed in Anne Bronte’S Agnes Grey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Analysisof Inferiority Complex of a Governess As Potrayed in Anne Bronte’S Agnes Grey AN ANALYSISOF INFERIORITY COMPLEX OF A GOVERNESS AS POTRAYED IN ANNE BRONTE’S AGNES GREY A THESIS BY DEBORA N GINTING Reg. No. 110705022 DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITYOF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AN ANALYSIS OF INFERIORITY COMPLEX OF A GOVERNESS AS POTRAYED IN ANNE BRONTE’S AGNES GREY A THESIS BY DEBORA N GINTING Reg. No. 110705022 SUPERVISOR CO. SUPERVISOR Dr.Martha Pardede, M.S Dra. SwesanaMardia Lubis, M.Hum NIP : 195212291979032001 NIP : 195710021986012003 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITYOF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, my praise and gratitude are directed to my creator Almighty God Jesus Christ who gives me strength and love everyday. I thank to Jesus Christ who always gives me health and capability during the process of writing this thesis as my last assignment to finish my study at the Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my first supervisor, Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S and my second supervisor Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum for their supporting advices, constructive comments and encouragement during the period of supervising and finishing this thesis. I also thank to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S , the Chairman of English Departement, Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph.d, and the secretary of English Departement, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D and all the lecturers for all the valuable knowledge, guidance and facilities that they have given to finish my study in the Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara. My deepest gratitude is due to my beloved parents, Pdt. Jonatha Ginting, S.Th and Horasma Sinta Riana Purba, S.Pd, Apt who always support and love me during my entire life. Thank you for all your struggle so that i can pass this degree. I just can say that i love both of you no matter what, Pa and Ma. To my lovely and silly sisters, Giovanni and Yosi, i love you to the moon and back. Both of you are not only sisters for me, but also my friends. My special thanks are also due to my bestfriends Sulastri, Erna, Sonya, Yupi, Dara, Tantri and Elsa for their support, and their time in the middle nights. Thank you for listening all of my stories. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Finally, i realizes that this paper is still far for being perfect. But, i hope this thesis will be a valuable contribution to the readers. I warmly welcome and highly appreciate the advices, constructive criticism and suggestion to develop this thesis. Medan, 2nd July 2018 Debora N Ginting 110705022 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul Analisis Rasa Rendah Diri Sebagai Seorang Pengasuh yang digambarkan dalam novel Anne Bronte yang berjudul Agnes Grey. Penelitian ini membahas tentang teori rendah diri yang ada pada novel Agnes Grey karya Anne Bronte. Penelitian ini fokus kepada Agnes sebagai karakter utama di dalam novel ini yang adalag seorang pengasuh. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana perasaan rendah diri yang dialami Agnes Grey sebagai seorang pengasuh dan bagaimana Agnes mendapatkan kembali harga dirinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori psikologi individu yang dikemukakan Alfred Adler yang berfokus pada rasa rendah diri, bekerja keras untuk meraih superioritas dan kesuksesan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian kepustakaan yaitu mengumpulkan buku-buku, jurnal dan referensi internet yang memiliki hubungan dengan analisis ini. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This thesis entitle “An Analysis of Inferiority Complex of a Governess as Portrayed in Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey”. This thesis talks about inferiority found in Agnes Grey of Anne Bronte. This thesis focuses on Agnes as one of main character in this novel as a governess. The aim of this thesis is to know how is the governess inferiority complex show in Agnes Grey and how does the governess get her self esteem back in Agnes Grey. research uses Alfred Adler’s theory of individual psychology which focuses on inferiority, striving for superiority and success. This thesis is descriptive analytic. It uses library based study to collect books, journals and internet sources having related with this analysis. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ i ABTSRAK .......................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of The Study ............................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of The Problems .......................................................... 6 1.3 Objective of The Study ................................................................ 6 1.4 Scope of The Analysis .................................................................. 7 1.5 Significance of The Analysis ....................................................... 7 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................. 8 2.1 Literature ...................................................................................... 8 2.2 Literature and Psychology ............................................................ 9 2.3 Psychology Approach ................................................................... 12 2.3.1 Inferiority Complex .......................................................... 14 2.3.2 Self Concept and Self Esteem .......................................... 23 2.4 Review of Related Studies ........................................................... 30 Chapter III METHOD OF ANALYSIS ........................................................ 31 3.1 Research Method .......................................................................... 31 3.2 Source of Data .............................................................................. 32 3.3 Data Collection ............................................................................. 32 3.4 Data Analysis ................................................................................ 32 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS.................................................................................. 33 4.1 Agnes Inferiority as Governess ...................................................... 3 4.2 Agnes Striving for Superiorty and Self Esteem back ..................... 41 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION..................................... 47 5.1 Conclusion................................................................................... 47 5.2 Suggestion ................................................................................... 48 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 50 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Every human life hopes for a satisfying life. Life satisfaction is linked to such factors such as a good education, job, and marriage. But to reach satisfaction, a person will face many challenges and problems. The problems are various. There are external factors such as environment and internal factors such as inferiority feeling, weakness and lack of knowledge or power to overcome the problem. If problems are resolved at earlier times of life, the last can be a time of pleasure. But people have failed to meet earlier goals sometimes become despondent and feeling inferior. Inferior feeling is one aspect in an individual psychological approach. Inferiority means feeling weak and unskilled in facing of tasks that need to be completed. By this feeling every single man is forced to compensate it. Humans are aware about their inferior and their goal. Human also has different ways of striving toward superiority and compensation. It depends on the goal that wants to be achieved. The complexities of the problems and its influence to people give inspiration for an author to make a literary work. Since literature is the exposition of man’s mental life, it can be said that literature has a tight relationship to psychology. Literature and psychology have the same object of research that is human being. There are many literary works that reflect inferiority feeling. One of these literary works is Anne Bronte’s Agnes grey. A governess is a woman employed to teach and train children in a private household. In contrast to a nanny (formerly called a nurse), she UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA concentrates on teaching children instead of meeting their physical needs. A governess will have a teaching qualification and provide one-to-one lessons to the child or to sibling groups in their own home. A governess is a girl, lady, or woman employed to teach and train children in a private household the governess could find herself teaching reading, writing and arithmetic, while coaching the older girls in French conversation and history.Hiring a governess became a status symbol. The governess is a common figure in the Victorian novel. The position of governess used to be common in well-off European families
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The "Fine Line" of Otto Rank Philip J
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 1994 The "Fine Line" of Otto Rank Philip J. Hecht University of Rhode Island Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation Hecht, Philip J., "The "Fine Line" of Otto Rank" (1994). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 902. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/902 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. l3F / 13 THE "FINE LINE" OF OTTO RANK R.30 H4-3 BY I 3/9lf PHILIP J. HECHT ., A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH 3 2 tJLf;;.../f;).. I UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 1994 ABSTRACT Otto Rank, more than just psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, was a compassionate human being. The humanity reflected in his work is the subject of this dissertation and I have shown how his ideas can illuminate historical figures and fictional characters in literature and film. Chapter one examines Rank's "fine line" in order to outline the difficult path that all must travel in life, and some of the methods that are chosen to cope with experience. To Rank, this is a balancing act between acts of creative will and choices influenced by anxiety, guilt, and fear of life and death. Rank claims that the only vital factor in life is the human factor and that human understanding is more important than intellectual knowledge, because it is emotional and cannot be programmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Inferiority Complex
    www.bsmi.org INFERIORITY COMPLEX Prevention in Children and Relief from It in Adults Timothy Lin, Ph.D. Everyone starts life with some feelings of inferiority. Subsequent success or failure is determined by the ability to adjust the inferiority feeling to the demands of life. Normal development requires the recognition of one’s limitations and capacities in order to achieve a profitable balance in emotional maturity. The inferiority complex is different from the inferior feeling of which the former is the master but the latter can become a servant to the individual. As a master, the complex may cause a person to have ultimate failure and maladjustment; as a servant, the feeling may produce success in achieving valuable goals in life. No one succeeds without some inferior feeling and almost everyone who fails does so because of an inferiority complex. We will see the serious nature of an inferiority complex by considering the nature, the manifestations, and the cure. Nature The nature of the inferiority complex includes definition, distinction from the superiority complex, and causes. Inferiority complex may be defined as: An abnormal or pathological state which, due to the tendency of the complex to draw unrelated ideas into itself, leads the individual to depreciate himself, to become unduly sensitive, to be too eager for praise and flattery, and to adopt a derogatory attitude toward others.1 This definition is the basis of the following discussion. How to Distinguish from a Superiority Complex: The genuine superiority complex is not superficial conceit but the consciousness of superiority developed from the feeling of personal cleverness, ability superior to their peers, and easy accomplishment of difficult tasks.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Relational Dysfunction In
    Psychology Research, August 2019, Vol. 9, No.8, 303-318 doi:10.17265/2159-5542/2019.08.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING Understanding Relational Dysfunction in Borderline, Narcissistic, and Antisocial Personality Disorders: Clinical Considerations, Presentation of Three Case Studies, and Implications for Therapeutic Intervention Genziana Lay Private Psychotherapy Practice, Sassari, Italy Personality disorders are a class of mental disorders involving enduring maladaptive patterns of behaving, thinking, and feeling which profoundly affect functioning, inner experience, and relationships. This work focuses on three Cluster B personality disorders (PDs) (Borderline, Narcissistic, and Antisocial PDs), specifically illustrating how relational dysfunction manifests in each condition. People with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) experience pervasive instability in mood, behavior, self-image, and interpersonal patterns. In relationships, they tend to alternate between extremes of over-idealization and devaluation. Intense fear of abandonment, fluctuating affect, inappropriate anger, and black/white thinking deeply influence how they navigate personal relationships, which are often unstable, chaotic, dramatic, and ultimately destructive. They have a fundamental incapacity to self-soothe the explosive emotional states they experience as they oscillate between fears of engulfment and abandonment. This leads to unpredictable, harmful, impulsive behavior and chronic feelings of insecurity, worthlessness, shame, and emptiness. Their relationships are explosive, marked by hostility/contempt for self and partner alternating with bottomless neediness. Manipulation, lying, blaming, raging, and “push-pull” patterns are common features. Individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) exhibit a long-standing pattern of grandiosity and lack of empathy. They have an exaggerated sense of self-importance, are self-absorbed, feel entitled, and tend to seek attention. Scarcely concerned with others’ feelings, they can be both charming and exploitative.
    [Show full text]
  • Narcissism and the American Dream in Arthur Miller's
    Narcissism and the American Dream in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman Narcissism och den amerikanska drömmen i Arthur Millers en handelsresandes död. Fredrik Artan Faculty of Arts and Education Subject: English Points:15.0 Supervisor: Magnus Ullén Examiner: Anna Swärdh 2014-06-18 Serial number Abstract This essay focuses on the theme of the American Dream in relation to narcissism in Miller’s Death of a salesman. The purpose is to demonstrate that a close reading of the main protagonist, Willy Loman, suggests that his notion of success in relation to the American Dream can be regarded as narcissistic. This essay will examine this by first observing how Willy´s notion of success is represented in the play, then look at how his understanding of it can be viewed from a narcissistic standpoint. The results I have found in my analysis show that there is a connection between Willy’s understanding of success and his narcissistic behavior. He displays traits such as grandiosity, arrogance, need of specialness and denial of emotions. His relationship with other characters reveals his lack of empathy, manipulation and exploitation of others as well as his need of superiority and fear of inferiority. The conclusion is that Willy and his notion of success could be considered as narcissistic. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 The American Dream .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Mediating Role of Gaming Disorder in the Effect of Narcissism on Happiness in Children
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article The Mediating Role of Gaming Disorder in the Effect of Narcissism on Happiness in Children Orhan Çevik 1 , Orhan Koçak 1,* , Mustafa Z. Younis 2 and Elif Çevik 3 1 Department of Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey; [email protected] 2 College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; [email protected] 3 Social Policy and Social Work, Institution of Social Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34500, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: We aimed to determine the relationship between gaming disorder, narcissism, and hap- piness levels of children between the ages of 9 and 15. This study was based on the compensation theory. The sample consists of 461 boys who continue their education in public schools in Istanbul. In the study, a mixed research design, which nests qualitative data into quantitative, was used. In addition to the scales and sociodemographic form, the Draw-a-Person test was also used to better understand children’s inner world. According to the findings, there is a significant relationship between gaming disorder and narcissism and happiness levels in children. Accordingly, as narcissism increases in children, the gaming disorder level increases, and happiness decreases. We also found a mediation effect in the impact of narcissism on happiness through gaming disorder. According to the results, we think that the problem is not caused by the individual but by society. For a solution, we Citation: Çevik, O.; Koçak, O.; Younis, M.Z.; Çevik, E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Interparental Conflict Perception And
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 63 International Conference on Advances in Management, Arts and Humanities Science (AMAHS 2016) The Relationship between Interparental Conflict Perception and Inferiority Complex of Junior School Students1 Xiangna Konga, Shengyang Wangb School of Education, Hubei Science and Technology College, XianNing,437000, China [email protected], [email protected] Key words: Interparental conflict, Interparental conflict perception, Inferiority complex. Abstract. Aim. The aim was to explore the relationship between interparental conflict perception and inferiority complex of junior school students. Method. In this research, the authors used The Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale(CPIC) and The Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (FIS) to test some of the junior school students in XianNing. Results. (1) Correlation analysis showed that between interparental conflict perception and inferiority complex of Junior school Students, it had correlation，and it achieved significant level.(2)The interparental conflict perception of junior school students had a positive predictive effect on their inferiority complex. Conclusions. Interparental conflict conception affected children's inferiority complex. Introduction Interparental conflict is the most important interpersonal conflict in family. It can be defined by factors such as frequency, intensity, content, style, being resolved or not[1]. Almost every marriage has conflicts, but not all the conflicts put stress on children. Hetherington and his workmates found that only the marital conflicts being perceived by children can affect their development[2]。 Interparental conflict conception means children's perception of interparental conflict, Including emotional confrontation between parents, disagreement, complaints, the silent war, quarrel, abuse, and even physical collision and beating between the parents, etc [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Community Feeling and Narcissism As Two Opposite Phenomena
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2020 Community Feeling and Narcissism as Two Opposite Phenomena Kałużna-Wielobób, Alina ; Strus, Włodzimierz ; Cieciuch, Jan Abstract: The objective of the current study was to examine the relations between narcissism and Adler’s community feeling. Based on theoretical considerations, we claim that community feeling can be treated as an opposite pole of narcissism and we expected that: (1) both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism would be negatively related to community feeling and that (2) grandiose and vulnerable narcissism would be positively related to anti-community domination and isolation. A sample of 520 university students (Mage D 21.37, SDage D 4.31) completed the Community Feeling Questionnaire (CFQ), the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ) and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS). Structural equation modeling largely confirmed our expectations. These results suggest that narcissism can be understood in terms of a deficit in community feeling. It turned out that community feeling and narcissism are related constructs but they are not reducible to each other. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.515895 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-194257 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Originally published
    [Show full text]
  • ADLERIAN PSYCHOTHERAPY Adler on Delusions of Power Alfred
    Adler on Delusions of Power . "The striving for personal power is a disastrous ADLERIAN delusion and poisons man's living together. Whoever desires the human community must PSYCHOTHERAPY renounce the striving for power over others." . "One thing can save us: the mistrust of any form of Chapter 5 predominance. Our strength lies in conviction, in organizing strength, in a world view, not in the Sheila. K. Grant, Ph.D. violence of armament and not in emergency laws.” Professor . "For us the way and tactics emerge from our highest goal: the nursing and strengthening of social feeling." Alfred Adler’s The Phenomenological Individual Psychology Approach . A phenomenological approach . Adlerians attempt to view the world from . Social interest is stressed the client’s subjective frame of reference . Birth order and sibling relationships – How life is in reality is less important than how the individual believes life to be . Therapy as teaching, informing and – It is not the childhood experiences that are encouraging crucial – . Basic mistakes in the client’s private logic it is our present interpretation of these . The therapeutic relationship — a events collaborative partnership . Unconscious instincts and our past do not determine our behavior Social Interest Basic Tenets . Adler’s most significant and distinctive concept . Behavior can best be understood holistically in – Gemeinschaftsgefuhl or community feeling terms of its patterns or unity. Not reductionistic. – Human behavior has value to extent that it’s motivated by . All behavior is goal directed or purposive, social interest, that is, by a feeling of oneness with all of humanity although the individual may not be consciously – Striving for a better future for humanity aware of the purpose – A sense of identification & empathy with others .
    [Show full text]
  • Running Head: NARCISSISTIC RAGE and ADDICTION 1 Narcissistic
    Running head: NARCISSISTIC RAGE AND ADDICTION 1 Narcissistic Rage and Addiction: Adlerian Theory and Intervention A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of the Adler Graduate School __________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Arts in Adlerian Counseling and Psychotherapy __________________________ Donna Wallace September 2014 NARCISSISTIC RAGE AND ADDICTION 2 Abstract An alternative to the biomedical model, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Dodes (2009) proposed a psychological theory for the treatment of addiction and the prevention of relapse, describing, substance use as a compulsive act of displacement. This paper will outline Dodes' theory, and describe the psychoanalytic base thereof. It will present the major concepts of Adlerian theory and from that viewpoint, examine parallels or contrasts between Dodes' theory and Adlerian theory. Both classical and contemporary Adlerian views on chemical dependency treatment will be summarized. Finally, this writer will propose individual and group interventions for Adlerian psychotherapy for the treatment of addiction based on these conclusions. These interventions will include the writer's own attempt to connect Pew's priorities to specific core emotional vulnerabilities. Also, it will outline the writer's original use of the "empty chair" technique as a method of determining and ranking the client's psychological priorities in order to facilitate treatment. Keywords: addiction, narcissistic rage, narcissistic injury, Adlerian theory, psychoanalytic
    [Show full text]
  • Assistant Editor Kimberly Gomez Managing Editor Alyssa Machado
    WR Journal of the Arts & Sciences Writing Program Issue 2 ■ 2009/2010 Editor Deborah Breen Assistant Editor Editorial Board Members Kimberly Gomez Diane Allenberg Managing Editor Jura Avizienis Alyssa Machado Kristin Bezio Cover Designer Amy Chmielewski Emily Avedissian Maria Gapotchenko Design & Layout Karen Guendel Christina Lau Alyssa Machado Bradley Queen Copyeditors Writing Program Director Michael D’Alessandro Joseph Bizup Lesley Yoder http://www.bu.edu/writingprogram/journal (ISSN 1948-4763) Contents Editor’s Note 1 Kimberly Gomez Prize Essay Winners Protecting Speech or Copyright: A Question of Balance 4 Benjamin Cohen Dostoevsky and Gogol’s Acknowledgments of Writers’ Limitations 13 Georgianne Maroon Rethinking Humanity: the Chimera Debate 20 Jielin Yu WR 100 Essays Two Sides to Every Story 32 Micaela Bedell Darkness Visible: Dante’s Clarification of Hell 36 Joseph Kameen WR Blanche Dubois: An Antihero 42 Lauren Seigle Dorian Gray the Escape Artist 49 Jesse R. Sherman WR 150 Essays Fish Farming and the Boundary of Sustainability: How Aquaculture Tests Nature’s Resources 56 Courtney Carroll Bulgakov’s “Moonlight Sonata:” The Thematic Functions of Grand Opera and Lieder in The Master and Margarita 65 John Collins Tied By Cords Woven of Heart-Strings: A Study of Manhood in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick 77 Veronica Faller Violent Media and the First Amendment 88 Stacey Goodman The Portrayal of Despair in Poland after 1989: Stasiuk’s Nine and Klein’s The Shock Doctrine 96 Gabrielle Migdalski Editor’s Note Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about.
    [Show full text]
  • Inferiority and Dependence Proneness Among College Students
    Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 INFERIORITY AND DEPENDENCE PRONENESS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS Kanchana. D. M.1 and Sekar Deepika2 1Consultant Psychologist, KPS IMHAPS (Institute of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences), Coimbatore - 641 015. 2Assistant Professor, Rathinam College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore -641 021. [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between inferiority and dependence proneness among college students and to study is there any significant difference between study variables among college students in terms of gender as well as residence. Two hundred and forty (n=240) samples have been selected by the method of convenient sampling technique. Dependence proneness was measured by using “Dependence Proneness Scale” and student’s inferiority was determined by “Inferiority-Insecurity Questionnaire”. The result indicated that majority of the students having moderate level of dependence proneness and there is a significant positive (0.605*) relationship between inferiority and dependence proneness among college students and also there is a significant gender difference in dependence proneness. The study also revealed that there is no significant differences were found between inferiority and dependence proneness in terms of residence. Keywords: College students, inferiority, dependence proneness, gender, residence. Introduction Dependence Proneness: Dependence generally refers to the seeking of nurturance, affection and protection. Dependency is the basic necessity of man. Man is a social animal and he/she is dependent on others for meeting various needs for his/her survival. Dependency is also one of the basic modes of interpersonal relationship. A new born baby is totally dependent on its mother for survival.
    [Show full text]
  • The Work of Alfred Adler and Rudolf Dreikurs in Reference To
    The work of Alfred Adler and Rudolf Dreikurs in reference to behaviour in classroom contexts and counselling of students with high levels of attentional and power- seeking behaviour. [Includes an extended appendix addressing narcissistic behaviours]. A short introduction Dr Bill Rogers 2020 www.billrogers.com.au Draft only 2019 “For man is a social animal.”* Aristotle “The prime principle then in (man’s) constitution is the social.”** Marcus Aurelius “There is no such thing as Society. There are individual men and women, and there are families.”*** Margaret Thatcher “The communal need regulates all relationships …” “No human being ever appeared except in a community for human beings …” Alfred Adler Understand Human Nature 1927, p 35. “An understanding of the necessity for dealing with man as a social being is the essential conclusion of our studies.” (Ibid, p 46). “We see the child as a social being who wants to find his place at home, in school and in the world.” Dreikurs, R.; Grunwald, B. B. And Pepper, F. C. (1982) (px1) * Aristotle The Nichomachean Ethics [Transl. J.A.K. Thompson] Penguin Classics 1969, London. Book one, p 37. ** Marcus Aurelius The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Harvard Classics [Ed. Charles W. Eliot] p 250. *** In Women’s Own 31 October 1987. © Dr Bill Rogers 2020 Adler and Dreikurs : Draft only (29) 1 Introduction In our more challenging schools teachers – daily – have to face, and address highly attentional behaviour and confronting and challenging behaviours in a small but disturbingly significant percentage of their students. Such behaviours present from a range of factors of course.
    [Show full text]