AN ANALYSISOF INFERIORITY COMPLEX OF A GOVERNESS AS POTRAYED IN ANNE BRONTE’S AGNES GREY A THESIS BY DEBORA N GINTING Reg. No. 110705022 DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITYOF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AN ANALYSIS OF INFERIORITY COMPLEX OF A GOVERNESS AS POTRAYED IN ANNE BRONTE’S AGNES GREY A THESIS BY DEBORA N GINTING Reg. No. 110705022 SUPERVISOR CO. SUPERVISOR Dr.Martha Pardede, M.S Dra. SwesanaMardia Lubis, M.Hum NIP : 195212291979032001 NIP : 195710021986012003 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITYOF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, my praise and gratitude are directed to my creator Almighty God Jesus Christ who gives me strength and love everyday. I thank to Jesus Christ who always gives me health and capability during the process of writing this thesis as my last assignment to finish my study at the Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my first supervisor, Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S and my second supervisor Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum for their supporting advices, constructive comments and encouragement during the period of supervising and finishing this thesis. I also thank to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S , the Chairman of English Departement, Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph.d, and the secretary of English Departement, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D and all the lecturers for all the valuable knowledge, guidance and facilities that they have given to finish my study in the Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara. My deepest gratitude is due to my beloved parents, Pdt. Jonatha Ginting, S.Th and Horasma Sinta Riana Purba, S.Pd, Apt who always support and love me during my entire life. Thank you for all your struggle so that i can pass this degree. I just can say that i love both of you no matter what, Pa and Ma. To my lovely and silly sisters, Giovanni and Yosi, i love you to the moon and back. Both of you are not only sisters for me, but also my friends. My special thanks are also due to my bestfriends Sulastri, Erna, Sonya, Yupi, Dara, Tantri and Elsa for their support, and their time in the middle nights. Thank you for listening all of my stories. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Finally, i realizes that this paper is still far for being perfect. But, i hope this thesis will be a valuable contribution to the readers. I warmly welcome and highly appreciate the advices, constructive criticism and suggestion to develop this thesis. Medan, 2nd July 2018 Debora N Ginting 110705022 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul Analisis Rasa Rendah Diri Sebagai Seorang Pengasuh yang digambarkan dalam novel Anne Bronte yang berjudul Agnes Grey. Penelitian ini membahas tentang teori rendah diri yang ada pada novel Agnes Grey karya Anne Bronte. Penelitian ini fokus kepada Agnes sebagai karakter utama di dalam novel ini yang adalag seorang pengasuh. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana perasaan rendah diri yang dialami Agnes Grey sebagai seorang pengasuh dan bagaimana Agnes mendapatkan kembali harga dirinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori psikologi individu yang dikemukakan Alfred Adler yang berfokus pada rasa rendah diri, bekerja keras untuk meraih superioritas dan kesuksesan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian kepustakaan yaitu mengumpulkan buku-buku, jurnal dan referensi internet yang memiliki hubungan dengan analisis ini. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This thesis entitle “An Analysis of Inferiority Complex of a Governess as Portrayed in Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey”. This thesis talks about inferiority found in Agnes Grey of Anne Bronte. This thesis focuses on Agnes as one of main character in this novel as a governess. The aim of this thesis is to know how is the governess inferiority complex show in Agnes Grey and how does the governess get her self esteem back in Agnes Grey. research uses Alfred Adler’s theory of individual psychology which focuses on inferiority, striving for superiority and success. This thesis is descriptive analytic. It uses library based study to collect books, journals and internet sources having related with this analysis. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ i ABTSRAK .......................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of The Study ............................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of The Problems .......................................................... 6 1.3 Objective of The Study ................................................................ 6 1.4 Scope of The Analysis .................................................................. 7 1.5 Significance of The Analysis ....................................................... 7 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................. 8 2.1 Literature ...................................................................................... 8 2.2 Literature and Psychology ............................................................ 9 2.3 Psychology Approach ................................................................... 12 2.3.1 Inferiority Complex .......................................................... 14 2.3.2 Self Concept and Self Esteem .......................................... 23 2.4 Review of Related Studies ........................................................... 30 Chapter III METHOD OF ANALYSIS ........................................................ 31 3.1 Research Method .......................................................................... 31 3.2 Source of Data .............................................................................. 32 3.3 Data Collection ............................................................................. 32 3.4 Data Analysis ................................................................................ 32 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS.................................................................................. 33 4.1 Agnes Inferiority as Governess ...................................................... 3 4.2 Agnes Striving for Superiorty and Self Esteem back ..................... 41 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION..................................... 47 5.1 Conclusion................................................................................... 47 5.2 Suggestion ................................................................................... 48 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 50 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Every human life hopes for a satisfying life. Life satisfaction is linked to such factors such as a good education, job, and marriage. But to reach satisfaction, a person will face many challenges and problems. The problems are various. There are external factors such as environment and internal factors such as inferiority feeling, weakness and lack of knowledge or power to overcome the problem. If problems are resolved at earlier times of life, the last can be a time of pleasure. But people have failed to meet earlier goals sometimes become despondent and feeling inferior. Inferior feeling is one aspect in an individual psychological approach. Inferiority means feeling weak and unskilled in facing of tasks that need to be completed. By this feeling every single man is forced to compensate it. Humans are aware about their inferior and their goal. Human also has different ways of striving toward superiority and compensation. It depends on the goal that wants to be achieved. The complexities of the problems and its influence to people give inspiration for an author to make a literary work. Since literature is the exposition of man’s mental life, it can be said that literature has a tight relationship to psychology. Literature and psychology have the same object of research that is human being. There are many literary works that reflect inferiority feeling. One of these literary works is Anne Bronte’s Agnes grey. A governess is a woman employed to teach and train children in a private household. In contrast to a nanny (formerly called a nurse), she UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA concentrates on teaching children instead of meeting their physical needs. A governess will have a teaching qualification and provide one-to-one lessons to the child or to sibling groups in their own home. A governess is a girl, lady, or woman employed to teach and train children in a private household the governess could find herself teaching reading, writing and arithmetic, while coaching the older girls in French conversation and history.Hiring a governess became a status symbol. The governess is a common figure in the Victorian novel. The position of governess used to be common in well-off European families